77:
intermediary may hinder the development of a direct, professional relationship with the author-client). Their services are provided in classroom, distance or one-on-one settings. They may offer only one type of service or combine several services to best serve a particular author group; often they specialize in a subject area in which they have prior training or work experience.
39:
The writing support provided by language professionals may involve teaching specific writing skills, translating documents into the desired publishing language, editing drafts at various stages of completion, guiding the creation of a new document, and—in some cases—writing for authors.
145:
Given that language professionals are called on to solve problems that cannot be standardized, they engage in educational activities to keep up with new developments in, for example, publishing standards, tools and technology, didactic methods and ethics. Educational opportunities and materials,
22:
are individuals who support authors in publishing by helping produce documents of appropriate scope and quality (in any language). Their role is particularly important in the research setting, especially when the authors are not native
English speakers but are required to publish in English for
76:
Language professionals may be self-employed (freelance or small entrepreneurs) or employed at universities, research institutes and companies that generate scientific-technical documentation. They may also work indirectly through a translation or editing agency (although the presence of an
100:, as outlined by Mediterranean Editors and Translators: "Professional language consultants distinguish themselves by the quality of their product, by a strong sense of business ethics, and a high level of professional organization." Another term sometimes used is
116:
The language professional facilitates the writing process without interfering with the authors' ownership of and responsibility for the published document. They do not substitute the authors' role in conceiving the document and producing the content: they are not
146:
including conferences, training workshops and publications, are offered by the numerous membership associations open to linguists, editors, translators and writers. Examples of associations providing continuing professional development activities are the
167:
133:. Rather, it is becoming increasingly common (especially in the biomedical sciences) for the language professional's contribution to a paper to be recognized in the paper's
96:, they work with confidence and use specialized knowledge and skills to find tailored solutions for each client's request. Language professionals have also been called
147:
126:
348:
220:"Negotiable acceptability: reflections on the interactions between language professionals in Europe and NNS scientists wishing to publish in English"
272:
108:
includes "editors, reviewers, academic peers, and
English-speaking friends and colleagues, who mediate text production in a number of ways".
134:
68:). These activities differ in functional terms but share a common goal, namely helping authors produce quality papers for publication.
377:"Professional Academic Writing by Multilingual Scholars: Interactions With Literacy Brokers in the Production of English-Medium Texts"
159:
199:
171:
155:
243:
121:. They are familiar with issues of publication ethics and adheres to publishing guidelines, especially those of the
88:(or, if employed, they adopt an entrepreneurial spirit) and that their conduct is guided by professional values and
163:
122:
376:
314:
429:
174:, the first association to specifically aim to bring together different types of language professionals.
24:
151:
315:"The game of successful writing: a poster to increase the visibility of scientific editing services"
299:
219:
57:
84:, those who offer writing support services emphasize that they are dedicated to running a
8:
130:
89:
129:. In particular, the work of the language professional does not cross the boundary into
399:
287:
239:
195:
65:
41:
28:
403:
391:
231:
85:
45:
61:
235:
53:
350:
Training language service providers: local knowledge in institutional contexts
423:
395:
93:
192:
Supporting research writing: Roles and challenges in multilingual settings
118:
49:
312:
270:
224:
Language
Planning and Policy: Language Planning in Local Contexts
313:
McArthur, Angela J; Jones JC; Williford AE; Samulack DD (2006).
40:
Thus, the services offered by language professionals include
148:
European
Association for the Teaching of Academic Writing
356:. Porto: Astraflup Universidade do Porto. pp. 21–30
374:
140:
27:. The work of language professionals falls within the
127:International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
217:
421:
168:Chartered Institute of Editing and Proofreading
266:
264:
262:
16:Individuals who support authors in publishing
375:Lillis, Theresa M; Curry, Mary Jane (2006).
111:
213:
211:
71:
259:
368:
208:
189:
125:and, in the medical field at least, the
273:"How to choose an editor or translator"
271:Mediterranean Editors and Translators.
160:European Association of Science Editors
422:
172:Mediterranean Editors and Translators
156:European Medical Writers Association
346:
306:
141:Continuing professional development
13:
340:
183:
14:
441:
104:, while the related, but broader
98:professional language consultants
164:Chartered Institute of Linguists
218:Burrough-Boenisch, Joy (2008).
190:Matarese, Valerie, ed. (2013).
123:Committee on Publication Ethics
1:
177:
34:
44:(especially the teaching of
7:
25:international communication
10:
446:
236:10.21832/9781847690647-018
152:Council of Science Editors
112:Ethical working practices
102:language service provider
396:10.1177/0741088305283754
135:acknowledgements section
72:Business characteristics
80:By adopting the label
20:Language professionals
384:Written Communication
347:Pym, Anthony (2002).
82:language professional
58:developmental editing
430:Writing occupations
194:. Oxford: Chandos.
298:has generic name (
201:978-1-84334-666-1
66:technical writing
42:language teaching
29:language industry
437:
415:
414:
412:
410:
381:
372:
366:
365:
363:
361:
355:
344:
338:
337:
335:
333:
319:
310:
304:
303:
297:
293:
291:
283:
281:
279:
268:
257:
256:
254:
252:
215:
206:
205:
187:
86:service business
46:academic writing
445:
444:
440:
439:
438:
436:
435:
434:
420:
419:
418:
408:
406:
379:
373:
369:
359:
357:
353:
345:
341:
331:
329:
317:
311:
307:
295:
294:
285:
284:
277:
275:
269:
260:
250:
248:
246:
216:
209:
202:
188:
184:
180:
143:
114:
106:literacy broker
74:
62:medical writing
60:, and writing (
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
443:
433:
432:
417:
416:
367:
339:
322:Science Editor
305:
258:
244:
207:
200:
181:
179:
176:
142:
139:
113:
110:
73:
70:
54:author editing
36:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
442:
431:
428:
427:
425:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
378:
371:
352:
351:
343:
327:
323:
316:
309:
301:
289:
274:
267:
265:
263:
247:
245:9781847690630
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
214:
212:
203:
197:
193:
186:
182:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
94:professionals
91:
87:
83:
78:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
32:
30:
26:
21:
407:. Retrieved
387:
383:
370:
358:. Retrieved
349:
342:
330:. Retrieved
328:(4): 126–127
325:
321:
308:
276:. Retrieved
249:. Retrieved
227:
223:
191:
185:
144:
119:ghostwriters
115:
105:
101:
97:
81:
79:
75:
38:
19:
18:
409:16 February
390:(1): 3–35.
332:17 February
296:|last=
50:translation
278:3 November
230:(1): 255.
178:References
131:authorship
35:Activities
424:Category
404:28945618
288:cite web
360:9 March
251:9 March
402:
242:
198:
166:, the
162:, the
158:, the
154:, the
150:, the
90:ethics
400:S2CID
380:(PDF)
354:(PDF)
318:(PDF)
92:. As
411:2013
362:2013
334:2013
300:help
280:2017
253:2013
240:ISBN
196:ISBN
170:and
64:and
392:doi
232:doi
48:),
426::
398:.
388:23
386:.
382:.
326:29
324:.
320:.
292::
290:}}
286:{{
261:^
238:.
226:.
222:.
210:^
137:.
56:,
52:,
31:.
413:.
394::
364:.
336:.
302:)
282:.
255:.
234::
228:7
204:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.