83:(editing of "substance", i.e. content). They improve format, structure, grammar, style, data presentation, argumentation, flow, and accuracy. They query authors about unclear content, inform and educate authors about good writing techniques (called "didactic editing"), and engage authors in revising the text (they "elicit revision"). Rather than simply correct the text, they collaborate with authors by dialoguing with them (through in-text comments, email, phone,
116:(for convenience, greater availability, possibly lower costs). However, these firms, for their global nature, do not always permit the establishment of the collaborative relationship between editor and author-clients which is necessary for true author editing. Finally, novice writers may not realize how they can benefit by presubmission author editing; by submitting unedited manuscripts, they may find themselves in a situation of multiple rejections.
32:, to distinguish it from other types of editing done for publishers on documents already accepted for publication: an authors' editor works "with (and, commonly, for) an author rather than for a publisher". A term sometimes used synonymously with authors' editor is "manuscript editor" which, however, is less precise as it also refers to editors employed by scholarly journals to edit manuscripts after acceptance (in place of the term
124:
Although the term "authors' editor" is little known, even by persons whose work could accurately be called author editing, it is not new but has been in use at least since the 1970s. The roots of this profession seem to lie in the arena of medical editing in the United States. The first known use of
94:
When authors receive the revised manuscript, they usually must dedicate substantial time and effort to reviewing the editor's changes and queries. They may discuss the work with the editor, to learn why certain changes were made, and to resolve issues that were raised during editing. After they have
107:
Skilled writers will not need to hire such an editor, instead finding sufficient the feedback of colleagues (prior to submitting a manuscript) and peer reviewers (after submission). Nonetheless, even skilled writers may benefit from author editing, especially when they are short of time and have
103:
The authors' editor is an optional figure in the publishing process. Authors are more likely to hire an authors' editor when they are not fluent in the language in which they wish to publish: this is particularly the case for non-anglophone academics and scientists who publish their research in
82:
The goal of author editing is to help authors produce a clear, accurate, and effective document that meets readers' expectations and that will be favorably received by publishers, journal editors and peer reviewers. Therefore, authors' editors do both linguistic editing and substantive editing
104:
English for international communication. Another reason for working with an authors' editor regards the author's writing skills, as some scientists and clinicians may face difficulties composing an adequate text in a reasonable amount of time despite being excellent researchers.
108:
ambitious publishing goals. In fact, since these editors can save researchers time, help them improve their writing, and maximize their chances of publication success, when a regular collaboration is established, authors' editors can become trusted allies of research teams.
125:
the term to describe an editor working in the research setting dates to 1968, in an essay by Mayo Clinic editor
Bernard Forscher. In 1973, an article entitled "The author's editor" by L.B. Applewhite was published in the first volume of the journal
87:, etc.) about the content and style; examples of how they annotate texts and negotiate the acceptability of the language have been given in an essay by Burrough-Boenisch. Authors' editors may also advise authors on peer review and the
27:
who works "with authors to make draft texts fit for purpose". They edit manuscripts that have been drafted by the author (or authors) but have not yet been submitted to a publisher for publication. This type of editing is called
111:
Less skilled writers who are aware that editing will improve their manuscripts (or have been told to seek editing by a journal or publisher) also may not go to an authors' editor, but instead may use one of the many specialized
67:. The manuscript must be relatively complete, as author editing does not include the tasks of drafting or writing. If authors need help conceiving, structuring or writing their text, then they require the work of a
161:. These early papers used the term "author's editor" (with author in singular) but today, when academic papers usually have multiple authors, the pluralized term "authors' editor" is becoming standard usage.
730:
147:) began to define and discuss the role of authors' editors, through a seminal paper by Martha M. Tacker followed by a national survey of 100 scientific authors' editors, both published in the journal
63:
An author's collaboration with an authors' editor begins after a manuscript has been drafted. The manuscript must be drafted in the desired publishing language: author editing does not include a
51:. Authors' editors may also help authors revise manuscripts after peer review, but once the document is accepted for publication the collaboration ends (and other editors, for example, a
39:
Authors' editors usually work with academic authors, researchers, and scientists writing scholarly journal articles, books and grant proposals. Thus, the authors' editor facilitates the
433:
Didactic editing: bringing novice writers into the arena of scholarly publishing. In: Matarese, V. (ed) Supporting
Research Writing: Roles and challenges in multilingual settings
168:, a literary editor who helped shape American literature in the first half of the twentieth century. The earliest use of the term in print is attributed to US novelist
745:
164:
The term "authors' editor" seems to have its roots in
American literary publishing. It was used in 1953, in the title of a Doctor of Education thesis, to describe
95:
revised the text, they may resubmit it to the editor for an additional round of editing (if the fee agreement so permits) or finalize it on their own.
294:"Negotiable acceptability: reflections on the interactions between language professionals in Europe and NNS scientists wishing to publish in English"
226:
Burrough-Boenisch, Joy; Matarese, Valerie (2013). "The authors' editor: working with authors to make drafts fit for purpose. In: Matarese, V. (ed)".
492:"Emerging concepts in high-impact publishing: insights from the First Brazilian Colloquium on High Impact Research and Publishing"
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Gilbert, JR; Wright, CN; Amberson, JI; Thompson, AL (1984). "Profile of the author's editor: findings from a national survey".
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458:"Eliciting revision: an approach for non-authors participating at the boundaries of scientific writing, editing and advising"
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Language
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256:"Author's editors: facilitators of science information transfer"
653:
Forscher, Bernard (1968). "Principles of manuscript editing".
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98:
376:"Careers in science editing: an overview to use and share"
225:
731:"Author's editors: catalysts of scientific publishing"
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Bulletin of the
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408:Kanter, Steven; Bradford, Albert (17 August 2012).
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567:"Multiple rejections: role of the writing process"
541:"Good language is vital to research communication"
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374:Kanel, Shauna; Gastel, Barbara (2008).
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625:. Information Today. pp. 53–56.
539:Matarese, Valerie (14 January 2013).
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230:. Oxford: Chandos. pp. 173–189.
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795:Canadian Medical Association Journal
158:Canadian Medical Association Journal
131:American Medical Writers Association
830:Robillard, Ambolena Hooker (1953).
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412:. Society for Scholarly Publishing
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55:or production editor, take over).
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172:in a 1910 tribute to his editor
431:Burrough-Boenisch, Joy (2013).
292:Burrough-Boenisch, Joy (2008).
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584:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61574-2
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59:The work of authors' editors
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456:Kerans, Mary Ellen (2010).
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619:Matarese, Valerie (2016).
565:Matarese, Valerie (2011).
490:Matarese, Valerie (2010).
310:10.21832/9781847690647-018
273:10.1087/095315101300059495
145:Council of Science Editors
141:Council of Biology Editors
139:. In the early 1980s, the
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729:Tacker, Martha M (1980).
43:process by acting before
834:. University of Florida.
789:Morgan, Peter P (1984).
340:Iverson, Cheryl (2004).
697:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
691:Cox, Barbara G (1974).
254:Shashok, Karen (2001).
170:George Washington Cable
136:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
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