603:
673:
3108:
1716:
110:
469:
131:
611:
2467:
3424:
2452:
3095:
2459:
3102:
410:
680:
The lower jaw featured a similar molariform tooth which occluded with the aforementioned upper counterpart. Additionally, the lower jaw was robust and had a high coronoid process which suggests that the capability of a powerful bite. Given this and its distinct tooth pattern, these traits suggest
685:
performed excessive grinding of its food. However, none of the discovered specimens included the jaw articulation, so the conclusions that can be drawn are limited. A dentition pattern as described is certainly unique, and not found in any other
561:. The Austrian specimen, P 10121, is an impression of a small nearly complete skeleton, close in size to MCSNB 4860. This finding is significant as it expands the paleontological range of the genus, which was previously confined to
511:. The second Forni specimen, MFSN 26829, is much less complete, consisting of partial hindlimbs with associated tail and hip material. The Forni specimens are stored at the Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale (MFSN) in
797:
a significant increase in its hunting capabilities, even if it was only able to run in short bursts. Based on the available morphological and geological information on the genus,
433:(Zorzino Limestone). This formation has produced two specimens, both of which are flattened but articulated skeletons exposed in ventral view (belly side up). They were initially
641:
had a large yet short triangular skull that featured a small rostrum and large orbits. Its large orbits are evidence of reliance on visual perception – this suggests that
522:, based on a skeleton from the Dolomia di Forni, MCSN 19235. However, a detailed review of the specimen by Renesto and Dalla Vecchia in 2007 led them to conclude that the
1667:"A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Tanystropheidae (Diapsida, Archosauromorpha) and other "protorosaurs", and its implications for the early evolution of stem archosaurs"
857:. Some authors have suggested that "protorosaurs" are an unnatural grouping rather than a clade. If this is the case, tanystropheids may not be closely related to
1348:
1309:
Muscio, G. (1997). "Preliminary note on a specimen of
Prolacertiformes (Reptilia) from the Norian (Late Triassic) of Preone (Udine, north-eastern Italy)".
547:
386:
495:. One of the Forni specimens, MFSN 1921, is the most complete and well-preserved skeleton in the genus. It was originally described as a new species
449:, MCSNB 2883, is an incomplete skeleton missing portions of the tail and forelimbs, while the neck and skull are crushed and displaced to the side.
581:/Hauptdolomit Formation were deposited”. The aforementioned basins lacked water circulation and ranged from insignificant oxygen levels to totally
3489:
872:
shows the structure of
Tanystropheidae according to one analysis, with ratio and ordered characters treated as such and pruning 5 out of 40 OTUs
1384:
Hopf, H.; Thiel, V.; Reitner, J. (2001). "An example for black shale development on a carbonate platform (Late
Triassic, Seefeld, Austria)".
714:
used its long neck to pluck insects out of the air, in addition to burying its head deep into burrows to capture fleeing crustacean prey.
1424:
Renesto, S.; Dalla
Vecchia, F. M.; Peters, D. (2001). "Morphological evidence for bipedalism in the Late Triassic prolacertiform reptile
1770:
1749:
3548:
1520:"A reappraisal of the biodiversity and biogeographic significance of the Norian (Late Triassic) reptiles from the Calcare di Zorzino"
3476:
662:
1608:"The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms"
777:- such an adaptation would have allowed the animal to both chase after prey and run from predators. Based on the hypothesis that
738:
could have utilized its keen eyesight and long neck (extended vertically) to survey nearby terrain for both predators and prey.
3553:
456:. Both specimens are stored at the Museo civico di scienze naturali di Bergamo "E. Caffi" (MCSNB), a natural history museum in
1328:
Bizzarini, F.; Muscio, G. (1995). "A new reptile (Reptilia, Prolacertiformes) from the Norian of Preone (Udine, N.E. Italy)".
840:, which are also known from Triassic deposits of Italy (albeit from the Middle Triassic). Tanystropheids are classified as
3558:
813:. The Late Triassic topographical features of the regions in which the specimens were found further support this claim
503:
and limb bone proportion, though reinvestigation of these features has rendered them to be taxonomically insignificant.
452:
The smaller second specimen, MCSNB 4860, is a probable juvenile, with its skull and neck bent fully backwards under the
649:
reflects its unique pattern of dentition. The front part of the upper jaw is toothless, although some grooves on the
334:, in reference to the Long Bearded People, an ancient Central-European civilisation of North Germanic origin) is an
1367:
1466:
Renesto, S.; Dalla
Vecchia, F. M. (1999). "The unusual dentition and feeding habits of the Prolacertiform reptile
1483:
1742:
730:
was a key adaptation for the genus that had significant impacts on its daily activity. A long tail allowed the
130:
374:
3107:
657:. Past this toothless region of the snout, there were larger tricuspid (three-pronged) cheek teeth on the
3427:
1735:
734:
to balance its body in a bipedal stance, despite its long neck. Able to stand tall on its hind legs,
3026:
2917:
2451:
2401:
551:
1240:(Diapsida, Protorosauria) from the Norian (Late Triassic) of Austria, and a revision of the genus"
3543:
3094:
2350:
1279:
1074:
3520:
3101:
864:
Spiekman, Fraser & Schayer (2021) analyzed the systematics of "protorosaur" groups in their
805:
likely lived near marine environments - consistent with the proposition that it survived off of
3444:
2376:
3494:
2466:
1519:
3515:
3507:
3055:
2458:
865:
726:– making it twice the length of the trunk. Paleontologists hypothesize that the long tail of
666:
488:
2958:
1580:
908:
1182:
8:
1846:
1721:
434:
1584:
3391:
1693:
1666:
1642:
1607:
1495:
1487:
1445:
1401:
770:
630:
578:
574:
500:
430:
247:
125:
526:
was not actually referrable to the genus. Instead it was a fossil of an indeterminate
3502:
2260:
2129:
2073:
1698:
1647:
1629:
1545:
1405:
1235:
762:
573:
that formed in relatively small and deep marine basins surrounded by a shallow-water
1546:"The tetrapod fossil record from the Norian-Rhaetian of Friuli (northeastern Italy)"
1499:
1449:
1255:
2498:
2485:
2419:
2304:
2096:
2057:
2016:
1976:
1925:
1908:
1895:
1858:
1758:
1688:
1678:
1637:
1619:
1592:
1588:
1479:
1437:
1393:
1291:
1251:
723:
602:
531:
527:
484:
345:
277:
185:
3386:
3320:
3185:
3015:
2906:
2708:
2699:
2594:
2580:
2238:
2173:
2157:
2110:
1945:
1050:
963:
887:
841:
825:
798:
672:
570:
382:
342:
198:
3467:
3401:
2980:
2885:
2835:
2744:
2610:
2339:
2315:
2203:
2118:
1986:
1966:
562:
492:
438:
426:
378:
109:
1295:
468:
3537:
3396:
3355:
3350:
3155:
3004:
2993:
2869:
2845:
2722:
2669:
2639:
2632:
2570:
2560:
2391:
2253:
2246:
2195:
2146:
2139:
2088:
2045:
1996:
1815:
1633:
854:
849:
830:
687:
634:
610:
582:
555:
366:
67:
30:
3376:
3217:
3175:
3165:
3145:
3044:
2825:
2751:
2646:
2187:
2080:
2006:
1935:
1702:
1651:
654:
224:
3381:
3360:
3330:
3310:
3290:
3280:
3270:
3260:
3240:
3195:
2815:
2774:
2758:
2715:
2625:
2603:
2519:
2365:
2294:
2224:
2166:
980:
836:
810:
806:
786:
703:
42:
1683:
749:
featured short forelimbs dwarfed by much longer, hollow hind limbs. The
665:(front-to-back) direction. This molariform tooth is flattened, with its
3481:
3300:
3230:
3061:
2934:
2892:
2878:
2855:
2805:
2729:
2685:
2678:
2618:
2550:
2539:
2529:
2408:
2231:
2217:
2180:
2066:
2031:
1956:
1831:
1788:
1624:
1491:
1441:
1397:
1280:"A new prolacertiform reptile from the Late Triassic of northern Italy"
694:
jaw and teeth morphology, Renesto and Dalla
Vecchia speculated thatthe
650:
586:
331:
87:
52:
425:
The first fossils of the genus were discovered in 1974 at a quarry in
3341:
3205:
2970:
2947:
2795:
2737:
2654:
2325:
2277:
2103:
869:
566:
142:
92:
3438:
1571:(Nopcsa) (Reptilia, Diapsida): development and functional anatomy".
1353:
Bizzarini and Muscio, 1995 from the late
Triassic of Friuli (Italy)"
722:
The long neck was opposed by an even longer tail, which featured 45
3461:
1782:
1727:
877:
844:
625:
with a body size shorter than 50 cm. Despite its small size,
453:
442:
414:
409:
162:
82:
77:
62:
57:
47:
499:, by Muscio (1997). This was justified by apparent differences in
1797:
782:
699:
658:
653:
have been mistaken to be teeth in the past despite their lack of
622:
565:. Saller et al. (2013) described the geological setting as “dark
558:
457:
362:
348:
335:
172:
97:
72:
3250:
1806:
1776:
853:
and other long-necked early archosauromorphs in a group called
754:
710:
with tough scales. Additionally, it has been hypothesized that
152:
36:
483:
Two additional
Italian specimens were later discovered in the
758:
750:
512:
358:
338:
316:
301:
3032:
1484:
10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0622:tudafh]2.0.co;2
790:
773:. Bipedal locomotion was undoubtedly a large advantage for
707:
373:
was initially described in 1994, based on fossils from the
319:
295:
289:
1665:
Spiekman, S. N. F.; Fraser, N. C.; Scheyer, T. M. (2021).
1423:
1233:
1550:
New Mexico Museum of
Natural History and Science Bulletin
1524:
New Mexico Museum of
Natural History and Science Bulletin
472:
Specimen MFSN 1921, originally named as the holotype of "
307:
292:
286:
585:- making this environment suitable for preservation of
1234:
Saller, F.; Renesto, S.; Dalla Vecchia, F. M. (2013).
669:
surface bent inwards and covered with tiny denticles.
661:
and a large molariform tooth which is elongated in an
1664:
322:
313:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3276:
3266:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3171:
3161:
3151:
3141:
3000:
2989:
2944:
2903:
2866:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2801:
2791:
2696:
2666:
2591:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2388:
2362:
2336:
2321:
2311:
2300:
2290:
2028:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1711:
1465:
1346:
518:
Bizzarini and Muscio (1995) proposed a third species
304:
298:
283:
231:
1539:
1537:
310:
280:
645:likely had good eyesight. The skull morphology of
765:were small and compact. These facts suggest that
546:was described in 2013 from a fossil found in the
3535:
1534:
1383:
1284:Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
2496:
1906:
1360:Rivista Italiana di Paleotologia e Stratigrafia
1327:
1175:
404:
381:. Fossils of the genus are also known from the
1513:
1511:
1509:
1191:Vertebrate Paleontology at Insubria University
828:, and is considered to be a close relative of
369:period, roughly 228 to 201 million years ago.
1743:
1543:
1461:
1459:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1244:Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie
1229:
1227:
577:on which the peritidal sediments forming the
463:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1560:
1506:
1750:
1736:
1456:
1412:
1347:Renesto, S.; Dalla Vecchia, F. M. (2007).
1340:
1262:
108:
1830:
1692:
1682:
1641:
1623:
1204:
793:, the ability to run after prey afforded
757:elements were slightly shorter than the
671:
609:
601:
467:
408:
1605:
1566:
1517:
1377:
1277:
3536:
1567:Rieppel, O. (1989). "The hind limb of
1308:
3443:
3442:
3123:
2483:
1893:
1769:
1731:
2484:
1894:
1757:
876:to offer maximum resolution/minimum
847:. They have often been grouped with
537:
629:featured a long neck with elongate
507:is thus considered synonymous with
13:
3124:
1573:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1472:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1470:(Late Triassic, Northern Italy)".
14:
3570:
1606:Ezcurra, Martín D. (2016-04-28).
816:
597:
357:. Its fossils have been found in
3549:Late Triassic reptiles of Europe
3423:
3422:
3106:
3100:
3093:
2465:
2457:
2450:
1714:
276:
129:
40:
1658:
1599:
1593:10.1080/02724634.1989.10011771
1321:
1302:
592:
1:
3554:Fossil taxa described in 1994
1544:Dalla Vecchia, F. M. (2006).
1169:
1366:(2): 191–201. Archived from
698:survived on a diet of large
542:The most recent specimen of
476:" and currently referred to
405:Calcare di Zorzino specimens
392:
375:Calcare di Zorzino Formation
7:
1256:10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0319
1111:Tanystropheus longobardicus
497:, Langobardisaurus tonelloi
397:To date, five specimens of
10:
3575:
3559:Prehistoric reptile genera
464:Dolomia di Forni specimens
385:of Northern Italy and the
365:, and it lived during the
351:, with one valid species,
236:Langobardisaurus pandolfii
3451:
3418:
3369:
3340:
3215:
3134:
3130:
3119:
3090:
3043:
3014:
2978:
2969:
2943:
2932:
2902:
2865:
2787:
2783:
2772:
2695:
2665:
2590:
2511:
2507:
2492:
2479:
2448:
2418:
2387:
2361:
2335:
2286:
2275:
2156:
2128:
2056:
2040:
2026:
1917:
1902:
1889:
1857:
1839:
1826:
1765:
1108:
1088:
1071:
1064:
1047:
1040:
1027:
1010:
1003:
977:
960:
953:
946:
922:
905:
898:
891:
520:, Langobardisaurus rossii
487:(Forni Dolostone) in the
253:
246:
230:
223:
126:Scientific classification
124:
116:
107:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
741:
552:Northern Calcareous Alps
1430:Senckenbergiana Lethaea
1351:Langobardisaurus rossii
1296:10.13130/2039-4942/8615
1075:Tanystropheus hydroides
925:Macrocnemus fuyuanensis
761:. Moving distally, the
717:
524:Langobardisaurus rossii
677:
637:. Atop its long neck,
615:
607:
480:
422:
3516:Paleobiology Database
866:phylogenetic analyses
801:hypothesize that the
690:'. In an analysis of
675:
613:
605:
489:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
471:
421:, specimen MCSNB 2883
412:
330:, meaning Reptile of
1569:Macrocnemus bassanii
1518:Renesto, S. (2006).
1278:Renesto, S. (1994).
909:Macrocnemus bassanii
441:Silvio Renesto. The
120:specimen MCSNB 4860
1722:Paleontology portal
1684:10.7717/peerj.11143
1585:1989JVPal...9..373R
824:is a member of the
437:in 1994 by Italian
3392:Ichthyosauromorpha
3382:Drepanosauromorpha
1625:10.7717/peerj.1778
1442:10.1007/bf03043775
1398:10.1007/bf02668113
771:bipedal locomotion
678:
631:cervical vertebrae
616:
608:
579:Dolomia Principale
575:carbonate platform
501:phalangeal formula
481:
431:Calcare di Zorzino
423:
3531:
3530:
3503:Open Tree of Life
3445:Taxon identifiers
3436:
3435:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3115:
3114:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
2928:
2927:
2768:
2767:
2475:
2474:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2271:
2270:
2261:Sharovipterygidae
2130:Sharovipterygidae
2074:Dinocephalosaurus
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1236:"First record of
1166:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1120:
992:
991:
935:
934:
548:Seefeld Formation
538:Austrian specimen
401:have been found.
387:Seefeld Formation
267:
266:
219:
3566:
3524:
3523:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3484:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3453:Langobardisaurus
3440:
3439:
3426:
3425:
3370:Possible members
3328:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3002:
2991:
2976:
2975:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2905:
2868:
2853:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2803:
2793:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2698:
2668:
2593:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2537:
2527:
2517:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2499:Archosauriformes
2494:
2493:
2486:Archosauriformes
2481:
2480:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2420:Archosauriformes
2390:
2364:
2338:
2323:
2313:
2305:Cryptovaranoides
2302:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2211:Langobardisaurus
2097:Protanystropheus
2058:Trachelosauridae
2038:
2037:
2030:
2017:Vritramimosaurus
2014:
2004:
1994:
1984:
1977:Mecistotrachelos
1974:
1964:
1954:
1943:
1933:
1926:Aenigmastropheus
1923:
1915:
1914:
1909:Archosauromorpha
1904:
1903:
1896:Archosauromorpha
1891:
1890:
1859:Archosauromorpha
1837:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1767:
1766:
1759:Archosauromorpha
1752:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1627:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1515:
1504:
1503:
1468:Langobardisaurus
1463:
1454:
1453:
1426:Langobardisaurus
1421:
1410:
1409:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1373:on 6 March 2017.
1372:
1357:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1275:
1260:
1259:
1238:Langobardisaurus
1231:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1185:Langobardisaurus
1179:
1067:
1066:
1043:
1042:
1014:Langobardisaurus
1006:
1005:
956:
955:
949:
948:
901:
900:
894:
893:
884:
883:
868:. The following
822:Langobardisaurus
803:Langobardisaurus
795:Langobardisaurus
779:Langobardisaurus
775:Langobardisaurus
767:Langobardisaurus
747:Langobardisaurus
736:Langobardisaurus
732:Langobardisaurus
728:Langobardisaurus
724:caudal vertebrae
712:Langobardisaurus
696:Langobardisaurus
692:Langobardisaurus
683:Langobardisaurus
647:Langobardisaurus
643:Langobardisaurus
639:Langobardisaurus
627:Langobardisaurus
619:Langobardisaurus
614:Life restoration
544:Langobardisaurus
532:rhynchocephalian
528:lepidosauromorph
485:Dolomia di Forni
399:Langobardisaurus
371:Langobardisaurus
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
271:Langobardisaurus
261:
233:
217:
213:Langobardisaurus
210:
197:
186:Archosauromorpha
134:
133:
112:
102:
39:
29:Temporal range:
25:Langobardisaurus
21:
20:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3501:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3406:
3387:Kuehneosauridae
3365:
3336:
3321:Vjushkovisaurus
3211:
3186:Protecovasaurus
3126:
3111:
3092:
3068:
3039:
3027:Avemetatarsalia
3016:Avemetatarsalia
3010:
2965:
2937:
2924:
2918:Proterochampsia
2907:Proterochampsia
2898:
2861:
2777:
2764:
2709:Bharitalasuchus
2700:Erythrosuchidae
2691:
2661:
2595:Proterosuchidae
2586:
2581:Syntomiprosopus
2501:
2488:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2434:
2414:
2383:
2357:
2331:
2280:
2267:
2239:Sclerostropheus
2174:Augustaburiania
2158:Tanystropheidae
2152:
2124:
2111:Sclerostropheus
2052:
2034:
2022:
1946:Elachistosuchus
1911:
1898:
1873:
1853:
1822:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1663:
1659:
1604:
1600:
1565:
1561:
1542:
1535:
1516:
1507:
1464:
1457:
1422:
1413:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1355:
1349:"A revision of
1345:
1341:
1326:
1322:
1307:
1303:
1276:
1263:
1232:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1051:Sclerostropheus
1029:AMNH FARB 7206
993:
964:Augustaburiania
936:
888:Tanystropheidae
842:archosauromorph
826:Tanystropheidae
819:
799:paleontologists
769:was capable of
744:
720:
663:anteroposterior
606:Size comparison
600:
595:
540:
466:
407:
395:
383:Forni Dolostone
346:archosauromorph
279:
275:
259:
242:
239:
216:
208:
199:Tanystropheidae
195:
128:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3544:Tanystropheids
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3512:
3499:
3486:
3473:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3402:Thalattosauria
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3314:
3304:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3254:
3244:
3234:
3223:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3125:Related topics
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2986:
2984:
2981:Incertae sedis
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2950:
2938:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2886:Halazhaisuchus
2882:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2836:Marcianosuchus
2829:
2819:
2809:
2799:
2788:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2745:Guchengosuchus
2741:
2734:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2611:Chasmatosuchus
2607:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2533:
2523:
2512:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:Allokotosauria
2344:
2342:
2340:Allokotosauria
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2316:Tasmaniosaurus
2309:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2204:Gwyneddosaurus
2200:
2192:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2119:Trachelosaurus
2115:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2035:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1987:Prolacertoides
1980:
1970:
1967:Malutinisuchus
1960:
1950:
1939:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1709:
1708:
1657:
1598:
1579:(4): 373–387.
1559:
1533:
1505:
1478:(3): 622–627.
1455:
1411:
1376:
1339:
1320:
1301:
1290:(2): 285–306.
1261:
1203:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
990:
989:
986:
985:
976:
973:
972:
969:
968:
959:
954:
952:
947:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
933:
932:
929:
928:
921:
918:
917:
914:
913:
904:
899:
897:
892:
890:
882:
818:
817:Classification
815:
743:
740:
719:
716:
633:featuring low
599:
598:Neck and skull
596:
594:
591:
563:Northern Italy
539:
536:
493:Northern Italy
465:
462:
439:paleontologist
427:Cene, Lombardy
406:
403:
394:
391:
379:Northern Italy
265:
264:
263:
262:
251:
250:
244:
243:
240:
228:
227:
221:
220:
206:
202:
201:
193:
189:
188:
183:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
122:
121:
114:
113:
105:
104:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3571:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3397:Sauropterygia
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Protorosauria
3354:
3352:
3351:Proterosuchia
3349:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3156:Lucianosaurus
3150:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3096:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:Sikannisuchus
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2870:Euparkeriidae
2864:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2846:Polymorphodon
2840:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:Erythrosuchus
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2670:Protopyknosia
2664:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2640:Samsarasuchus
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:Proterosuchus
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2571:Sarmatosuchus
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:Koilamasuchus
2555:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2453:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:Prolacertidae
2386:
2378:
2377:Rhynchosauria
2374:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2366:Rhynchosauria
2360:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:Tanytrachelos
2251:
2249:
2248:
2247:Tanystropheus
2244:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:Gracilicollum
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2147:Sharovipteryx
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:Gracilicollum
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2046:Jesairosaurus
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:Protorosaurus
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1816:Archelosauria
1813:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1723:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1436:(1): 95–106.
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:GMPKU P 1527
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
988:
987:
984:
983:
982:
975:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
965:
958:
957:
951:
950:
944:
943:
940:
939:
931:
930:
927:
926:
920:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
910:
903:
902:
896:
895:
889:
886:
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
859:Protorosaurus
856:
855:Protorosauria
852:
851:
850:Protorosaurus
846:
843:
839:
838:
833:
832:
831:Tanystropheus
827:
823:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
676:Skull diagram
674:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:neural spines
632:
628:
624:
620:
612:
604:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
549:
545:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
479:
475:
470:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:exposing the
428:
420:
416:
411:
402:
400:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Late Triassic
364:
360:
356:
355:
350:
347:
344:
343:tanystropheid
340:
337:
333:
327:
273:
272:
258:
255:
254:
252:
249:
245:
241:Renesto, 1994
238:
237:
229:
226:
222:
218:Renesto, 1994
215:
214:
207:
204:
203:
200:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
132:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
32:
31:Late Triassic
26:
22:
19:
3452:
3377:Choristodera
3342:Paraphyletic
3329:
3319:
3309:
3299:
3289:
3279:
3269:
3259:
3249:
3239:
3229:
3218:Nomina dubia
3216:
3204:
3194:
3184:
3176:Palaeosaurus
3174:
3166:Tecovasaurus
3164:
3154:
3146:Crosbysaurus
3144:
3099:
3062:crocodilians
3056:Pseudosuchia
3045:Pseudosuchia
3003:
2992:
2979:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2826:Litorosuchus
2824:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2757:
2752:Shansisuchus
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2684:
2677:
2653:
2647:Tsylmosuchus
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2609:
2602:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2455:
2407:
2400:
2324:
2314:
2303:
2293:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2188:Fuyuansaurus
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2145:
2138:
2117:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2081:Fuyuansaurus
2079:
2072:
2065:
2044:
2015:
2007:Rhombopholis
2005:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1944:
1936:Czatkowiella
1934:
1924:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1527:
1523:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1368:the original
1363:
1359:
1350:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1287:
1283:
1250:(1): 89–95.
1247:
1243:
1237:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
1184:
1177:
1110:
1109:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1073:
1072:
1049:
1048:
1028:
1013:
1012:
1011:
979:
978:
962:
961:
924:
923:
907:
906:
874:a posteriori
873:
863:
858:
848:
835:
829:
821:
820:
802:
794:
778:
774:
766:
746:
745:
735:
731:
727:
721:
711:
706:, and small
695:
691:
682:
679:
646:
642:
638:
626:
621:was a small
618:
617:
543:
541:
523:
519:
517:
509:L. pandolfii
508:
504:
496:
482:
478:L. pandolfii
477:
473:
451:
447:L. pandolfii
446:
445:specimen of
424:
419:L. pandolfii
418:
398:
396:
389:of Austria.
370:
354:L. pandolfii
353:
352:
270:
269:
268:
260:Muscio, 1997
256:
235:
234:
225:Type species
212:
211:
179:
118:L. pandolfii
117:
24:
18:
3361:Thecodontia
3331:Wangisuchus
3311:Microcnemus
3291:Fenhosuchus
3281:Exilisuchus
3271:Collilongus
3261:Blomosuchus
3241:Ankistrodon
3196:Uatchitodon
2971:Archosauria
2959:Phytosauria
2948:Phytosauria
2816:Heteropelta
2775:Eucrocopoda
2759:Uralosaurus
2716:Chalishevia
2626:Jaikosuchus
2604:Archosaurus
2520:Antarctanax
2295:Boreopricea
2225:Macrocnemus
2167:Amotosaurus
1392:: 203–210.
981:Amotosaurus
837:Macrocnemus
811:tidal flats
807:crustaceans
787:crustaceans
704:crustaceans
688:protorosaur
593:Description
530:, likely a
505:L. tonelloi
474:L. tonelloi
257:L. tonelloi
3538:Categories
3301:Megacnemus
3231:Albisaurus
3135:Tooth taxa
2935:Crurotarsi
2893:Osmolskina
2879:Euparkeria
2856:Vancleavea
2806:Dorosuchus
2730:Fugusuchus
2686:Triopticus
2679:Kranosaura
2619:Gamosaurus
2551:Kalisuchus
2540:Eorasaurus
2530:Cuyosuchus
2429:see below↓
2409:Prolacerta
2402:Kadimakara
2232:Raibliania
2218:Luxisaurus
2181:Cosesaurus
2067:Austronaga
2032:Tanysauria
1957:Elessaurus
1868:see below↓
1847:Sauropsida
1832:Sauropsida
1789:Sauropsida
1677:: e11143.
1556:: 432–444.
1530:: 445–456.
1170:References
878:polytomies
651:premaxilla
587:vertebrate
491:region of
332:Langobardi
3206:Zanclodon
3060:includes
3031:includes
2796:Asperoris
2738:Garjainia
2655:Vonhuenia
2326:Teyujagua
2278:Crocopoda
2104:Pectodens
1775:Kingdom:
1634:2167-8359
1618:: e1778.
1406:128534755
1096:hydroides
870:cladogram
809:found in
667:occluding
567:limestone
435:described
393:Discovery
149:Kingdom:
143:Eukaryota
3468:Q6486394
3462:Wikidata
3428:Category
1798:Diapsida
1783:Chordata
1781:Phylum:
1777:Animalia
1703:33986981
1652:27162705
1500:83562740
1450:85025544
1336:: 67–76.
1330:Gortania
1317:: 33–40.
1311:Gortania
845:diapsids
571:dolomite
454:rib cage
443:holotype
415:holotype
248:Synonyms
192:Family:
173:Reptilia
163:Chordata
159:Phylum:
153:Animalia
139:Domain:
3508:4129172
3495:1199851
3482:4818297
1787:Class:
1694:8101476
1643:4860341
1581:Bibcode
1492:4524135
1196:4 March
783:insects
781:fed on
700:insects
659:maxilla
623:reptile
589:bones.
559:Austria
550:in the
458:Bergamo
363:Austria
349:reptile
336:extinct
205:Genus:
169:Class:
3521:131764
3344:groups
3251:Avipes
2140:Ozimek
1807:Sauria
1701:
1691:
1650:
1640:
1632:
1498:
1490:
1448:
1404:
1386:Facies
789:, and
755:fibula
655:enamel
583:anoxic
37:Norian
3490:IRMNG
3033:birds
1812:Clade
1803:Clade
1794:Clade
1671:PeerJ
1612:PeerJ
1496:S2CID
1488:JSTOR
1446:S2CID
1402:S2CID
1371:(PDF)
1356:(PDF)
763:tarsi
759:femur
751:tibia
742:Limbs
681:that
556:Tyrol
513:Udine
359:Italy
339:genus
180:Clade
3477:GBIF
3054:see
3025:see
3005:Smok
2957:see
2916:see
2375:see
2349:see
1845:see
1699:PMID
1648:PMID
1630:ISSN
1198:2017
1094:cf.
834:and
791:fish
753:and
718:Tail
708:fish
569:and
413:The
361:and
43:PreꞒ
1689:PMC
1679:doi
1638:PMC
1620:doi
1589:doi
1480:doi
1438:doi
1428:".
1394:doi
1364:113
1292:doi
1288:100
1252:doi
1248:268
554:of
417:of
377:in
341:of
317:ɔːr
302:ɑːr
3540::
3518::
3505::
3492::
3479::
3464::
1814::
1805::
1796::
1697:.
1687:.
1673:.
1669:.
1646:.
1636:.
1628:.
1614:.
1610:.
1587:.
1575:.
1554:37
1552:.
1548:.
1536:^
1528:37
1526:.
1522:.
1508:^
1494:.
1486:.
1476:20
1474:.
1458:^
1444:.
1434:82
1432:.
1414:^
1400:.
1390:45
1388:.
1362:.
1358:.
1334:16
1332:.
1315:18
1313:.
1286:.
1282:.
1264:^
1246:.
1242:.
1206:^
1189:.
1092:T.
880::
861:.
785:,
702:,
534:.
515:.
460:.
296:oʊ
182::
93:Pg
33:,
3327:†
3317:†
3307:†
3297:†
3287:†
3277:†
3267:†
3257:†
3247:†
3237:†
3227:†
3202:†
3192:†
3182:†
3172:†
3162:†
3152:†
3142:†
3001:†
2997:?
2990:†
2945:†
2904:†
2867:†
2852:†
2842:†
2832:†
2822:†
2812:†
2802:†
2792:†
2733:?
2697:†
2667:†
2658:?
2650:?
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2592:†
2577:†
2567:†
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2536:†
2526:†
2516:†
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2389:†
2363:†
2337:†
2322:†
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2301:†
2291:†
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2132:?
2114:?
2092:?
2084:?
2049:?
2029:†
2013:†
2003:†
1993:†
1983:†
1973:†
1963:†
1953:†
1949:?
1942:†
1932:†
1922:†
1751:e
1744:t
1737:v
1705:.
1681::
1675:9
1654:.
1622::
1616:4
1595:.
1591::
1583::
1577:9
1502:.
1482::
1452:.
1440::
1408:.
1396::
1298:.
1294::
1258:.
1254::
1200:.
1187:"
1183:"
686:'
326:/
323:s
320:ə
314:s
311:ˈ
308:ɪ
305:d
299:b
293:ɡ
290:ŋ
287:æ
284:l
281:ˈ
278:/
274:(
232:†
209:†
196:†
98:N
88:K
83:J
78:T
73:P
68:C
63:D
58:S
53:O
48:Ꞓ
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