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was created due to the large amounts of violence inflicted on indigenous people, however this policy was ineffective and corrupt and was replaced by the
National Indian Foundation in 1967. This policy worked to integrate indigenous people and effectively took their land so the government could prosper from its resources. In 1983 more demarcation laws were put in place, these laws prevented white settlers from stealing indigenous lands and further specified the borders of indigenous lands. However other state agencies were allowed to specify borders which was heavily influenced by the mining industry sectors. Only 14% of lands ended up being demarcated and lots of land was lost to mining companies.
1091:. which is a Latin term meaning "land belonging to no one" In 1971, a group of Meriam people in Australia issued a legal claim for their ownership of their island of Mer in the Torres Strait. In their legal claim they issued that their land is inherently and exclusively owned, lived and governed by Meriam people, where they historically managed its political and social issues. After years of the case being heard by the legal courts, and after the death of one of the plaintiffs (Eddie Mabo), the High Court's judgement issued a recognition of the native's ownership to land and the denial of the myth of the terra nullius.
1216:; the convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, which updates the ILO 107 of 1957. In this convention was also the recognition of the very close and important relationship between land and identity, or cultural identity very important. Today, this convention has been ratified by 15 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Even in countries where it has been ratified, limited implementation has led to conflicts over indigenous land rights such as the
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1310:(also known as the Banta Land Act or Black Land Act), the country was essentially divided along racial lines. The majority of the land was reserved for the white population although the black population, the Natives, made a majority of the county's overall population. The black South Africans were confined to reserves or
1478:
Indigenous land rights in Brazil is and has been an ongoing struggle for indigenous
Brazilians, they have been treated as a minority group with no rights and are discriminated against. Discrimination against indigenous people has been present since colonization. In 1910 the Indian Protection Service
1323:
policies that were implemented later in the 20th century. It was not until the
Restitution of Land Rights Act of 1994 that the Native Land Act and other discriminatory legislation was addressed and attempted to be resolved. This new act set in place a process and identified who would qualify for the
1482:
In 1988 Brazil adopted a new constitution, it said that
Indigenous lands and culture would be protected. This bill allowed indigenous people to safely live in their territory without fear of their land or resources being taken. However this bill ended up being far less successful than it originally
1258:
chiefs. The Treaty is riddled with translational errors that places more power in the hands of the Crown in one translation and the Māori people in another. In the context of land rights, the Māori text allowed for the Māori to retain ownership of prized possessions such as lands and forests for as
1199:
groups are still among the poorest populations of the countries and they often have less access to resources and they have lesser opportunities for progress and development. The legal situation of
Indigenous land rights in the countries of Latin America is highly varied. There is still a very broad
1263:
was established after the Treaty as a governmental body that was to provide a way in which lands in Māori customary ownership could be converted to Crown-granted freeholds, a direct breach to the Treaty. Unrest between the Māori and the Crown continued into the 19th and 20th centuries, including a
1414:
In 1871, through the
Appropriations Act of 1871, treaty making between different Native American tribes and the U.S. government ended. Although treaty-making had come to an end, previous treaty rights were to be followed still. The Supreme Court has faced considerable controversy in cases dealing
1314:
and could not purchase land outside of those areas. These areas were often arid and not suitable for agriculture which led to severe socio-economic consequences for the Native population. There are a variety of possible motives for passing this act, some of which include wanting to limit
African
1486:
By 2017 still little action had been taken on securing the land rights of indigenous people in brazil. Brazil's president in 2017 declared a cutoff date on indigenous land. The bill stated that if the indigenous people were not in their territory before the 1988 cutoff, it was not their land to
951:
in 2007, illustrates the importance of land for
Indigenous peoples and offers benchmark standards on the land rights of indigenous people. Statutory recognition and protection of Indigenous and community land rights continues to be a major challenge, with the gap between formally recognised and
1129:" (entitled "Citizen Plus") was issued, in which the indigenous perspective was outlined. Of the points outlined, land rights are a large part. The period that followed was an important one for the future of the First Nations and their rights. As state by Arthur Manuel, son of George Manuel,
879:
asset, and in some
Indigenous societies, using natural resources of earth and sea form (or could form) the basis of their household economy, so the demand for ownership derives from the need to ensure their access to these resources. Land can also be an important instrument of
1487:
demarcate. 27 indigenous territories demarcation was suspended because of this cut off, even though the reason they couldn't declare their territory before 1988 was due to the government or because they couldn't prove they previously resided there. In
February 2020 president
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1151:(1997). This case was a milestone for First Nation land rights. It legitimized oral testimony and proved the nations in British Columbia had land rights unaffected by colonization. However, it did not declare title. The first case to do so in Canada was the
1318:
The Act had profound and lasting effects on land ownership, access, and economic opportunities for black South Africans. It was one of the early legislative measures that institutionalized racial segregation, setting the stage for the more comprehensive
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proposed bill 191/2020, which will allow Indigenous territories to be opened up to mining and hydroelectric generation. This bill has caused push back from indigenous communities, it threatens the health of their land and the safety of their people.
1407:(1832) Marshall's language and view of the Cherokee nation changed significantly. In it, he referred to the Cherokee nation as a nation and acknowledged that treaties are formed between two sovereign states. In the years to follow, the
487:
1117:'s Constitution Express idea is a notable attribute to the Aboriginal Rights Movement, among other actions taken by the nations. The Canadian government responded to the nations' advocacy with what came to be referred to as the "
1289:
By settling an allegation which they've agreed is justified, that the Crown breached the Treaty of Waitangi, they are enabling both the Crown and the Māori to get over that breakdown in the past Hon Justice Matthew Palmer, QC
1437:(1908), it was established that reservations are to be prioritized rights to water over non-native use. Contested treaty cases have not always been ruled to the favor of Native Americans, however; an example is the
1713:
2512:
1546:
were modified, by means of which it became possible to privatize communal ejido land via allotment or other means. This undermined the basic security of Indigenous communities to aboriginal title.
2333:"Buying America from the Indians: Johnson v. McIntosh and the History of Native Land Rights and The Trail of Broken Treaties: Diplomacy in Indian Country from Colonial Times to Present"
981:
1212:
of that time ratified this convention. Since the 1960s they started with the recognition of the first Indigenous land claims since the colonial era. In the year 1989 the ILO made the
523:
1281:, ensuring there would be no breaches of the Treaty from then onward. The establishment of the Tribunal is a landmark in the rights of Māori people, both socially and in terms of
1298:. Controversies over Indigenous land rights have tended to revolve around the means by which Māori lost ownership, rather than whether they had ownership in the first place.
1133:
It was during this period that the national Indian movement began to take shape and to draw on its greatest resource, the First Nations people from across Canada who saw the
1483:
promised, the Brazilian government was supposed to demarcate all indigenous territories by 1993 but over those five years they only demarcated 50% of the territories.
372:
1273:
While the Treaty itself has often been ignored according to historians, in 1975—as the fulfillment of a political promise—the New Zealand government established the
1208:
created laws and norms for the protection and integration of Indigenous peoples in independent countries. All the independent countries of Latin America and the
397:
1266:
436:
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441:
417:
2211:"Balancing Land Restitution and Public Interest in South African Socio-Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal of the Restitution of Land Rights Act"
472:
347:
17:
1611:
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Since the 1980s and 1990s the focus of Mexico's economic policy concentrated more on industrial development and attracting foreign capital. The
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as a vehicle they could use to push the federal government for a just settlement on a range of self-government, land title and treaty issues.
1306:
South Africa has had a particularly publicized relationship between its settler community and the indigenous population. Beginning with the
382:
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has sometimes endorsed one viewpoint and at other times the other, as there is a big difference between the first two cases and the last.
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1395:
did not own their land, but rather had occupancy rights. Thus, Native Americans could not sale land unless it was to the United States.
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countries. Land and resource-related rights are of fundamental importance to Indigenous peoples for a range of reasons, including: the
407:
1538:
initiated a process of privatization of land (through the PROCEDE-program). In 1992, as a (pre)condition for Mexico for entering the
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long as they wished. Despite this, the Crown repeatedly breached the Treaty, with violations dating back to the 1840s. Famously, the
1152:
141:
1452:
1424:
1121:." This document, published in 1969, outlined 5 doctrines that left many indigenous leaders unsatisfied, sparking a meeting of the
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113:
1833:
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restitutions. The general history of South Africa is heavily tied to the governing body's relationship to its Native population.
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to a "dependent domestic nation" that was "under the sovereignty and dominion of the United States." A year later, however, in
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countries are now becoming more democratic and open to listening and embracing the views of minorities these issues of
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2655:
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as Adopted by the General Assembly, 13 September 2007
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1524:-system was created, which in practice should comprise the power of private investments by foreign corporations and
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1104:
860:
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109:
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1809:
Tsilhqot'in Nation v British Columbia: Aboriginal Title, Indigenous Resurgence, and the Politics of Recognition
1340:"Next to shooting indigenous peoples, the surest way to kill us is to separate us from our part of the Earth."
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have clearly come up to the surface of the political life. Despite this new "re-recognition" bit by bit, the
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1047:, also known as native title (Australia), customary title (New Zealand), original Indian title (US), is the
2459:
2370:
Helfrich, Joel T.; Oberg, Michael Leroy; Roberts, Alaina E.; Reed, Julie L.; Bruyneel, Kevin (April 2021).
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variation of Indigenous rights, laws and recognition throughout the whole continent. In the year 1957, the
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specifically lists special rights over "national parks, rivers and trademarks to preserve Ainu culture".
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1024:
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squatters and encouragement from mining companies, although it is not known as to what the reason was.
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817:
805:
2117:"The 1913 Natives Land Act in South Africa: Politics, Race, and Segregation in the Early 20th Century"
1080:
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134:
2650:
Rainforest Foundation US fighting to secure land rights for indigenous communities in Latin America
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1433:
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508:
362:
205:
1855:
Environmental politics in Latin America: elite dynamics, the left tide and sustainable development
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87:
1221:
197:
2372:"No More Nations Within Nations: Indigenous Sovereignty after the End of Treaty-Making in 1871"
1307:
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As Canada's constitution, as belonging to Canada and not Great Britain, is relatively new, the
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2164:"Critical Reflections on South Africa's 1913 Natives Land Act and its Legacies: Introduction"
1438:
1217:
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customarily held and managed land is a significant source of underdevelopment, conflict, and
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314:
2623:
Conquest by Law: How the Discovery of America Dispossessed Indigenous Peoples of Their Lands
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have been able to advocate for their rights in the constitution itself. First Nation leader
1886:
1543:
1509:
1376:
1085:
Indigenous land rights have historically been undermined by a variety of doctrines such as
900:
8:
1990:"Reconciliation, Representation and Indigeneity: 'Biculturalism' in Aotearoa New Zealand"
1838:
1360:. Marshall's rulings are an important contributor to Native law and have been termed the
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940:
700:
690:
309:
1155:(2014). In this case, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed the aboriginal title of the
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2144:
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1501:
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2403:
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2183:
2136:
2098:
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2007:
1967:
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1656:
1646:
1513:
1274:
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965:
908:
538:
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in 2019, the Ainu have been able to apply for special land rights if requested. The
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2425:
2424:, 2300 N Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington DC 20037 United States: CQ Press, 2013,
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1997:
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1918:
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or a symbol of social status. In many Indigenous societies, such as among the many
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623:
451:
329:
289:
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2210:
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2066:
1716:. No. Australian bureau of statistics. Australian bureau of statistics. 1995.
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2222:
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2082:
1400:
294:
258:
2417:
1255:
2429:
2371:
1675:"Mabo and Native Title The end of Terra Nullius, the beginning of Native Title"
1643:
Indigenous peoples' land rights under international law: from victims to actors
1555:
1488:
1213:
1056:
588:
426:
357:
2564:"Brazil Congress fast-tracks 'death package' bill to mine on Indigenous lands"
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1989:
1947:
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2090:
2011:
2002:
1971:
1963:
1807:
1660:
1517:
1408:
1399:(1831) was another setback for Native rights, with a ruling that deduced the
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1188:
1126:
1114:
1087:
643:
319:
1598:
Religious Diversity in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: National Case Studies
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1912:
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920:
904:
889:
513:
2309:
1922:
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1948:"The Treaty of Waitangi Companion: Maori and Pakeha from Tasman to Today"
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1192:
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1118:
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924:
881:
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Additionally, New Zealand courts have usually accepted the existence of
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have been addressed with varying degrees of success on the national and
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2498:
2474:
1887:"Ecuador Votes to Keep Yasuní Oil in the Ground in Historic Referendum"
1350:
The foundational decision for Aboriginal title in the United States is
1064:
1048:
932:
916:
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685:
2148:
2616:
Indigenous peoples and the law: comparative and critical perspectives
2045:
E oho! A short history of the Waitangi Tribunal — Where to from here?
1320:
1311:
1209:
868:
864:
628:
568:
2116:
1852:
931:(also known as Indigenous title, native title and other terms) is a
76:
2132:
2067:"The Historical Context and Legacy of the Natives Land Act of 1913"
1225:
982:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
876:
856:
528:
1853:
Bull, Benedicte; Aguilar-Stoen, Mariel, eds. (13 November 2014).
1708:
1706:
1028:
658:
2294:"Justice Henry Baldwin's "Lost Opinion" in Worcester v. Georgia"
2590:"Bolsonaro Threatens the Indigenous Right to Be | Amazon Watch"
1205:
1142:
912:
848:
598:
1703:
1277:. The Tribunal was established as a commission to monitor the
978:
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2637:
The Question of Aborigines in the Law and Practice of Nations
2217:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 199–216,
1521:
1172:
2614:
Richardson, Benjamin J., Shin Imai & Kent McNeil. 2009.
2659:
964:
The foundational documents for Indigenous land rights in
2369:
2215:
The New Political Economy of Land Reform in South Africa
1786:
The historic Delgamuukw land claims case: 25 years later
1542:(NAFTA) with the US and Canada, art.4 and art.27 of the
994:
American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2337:
Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies
2121:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
935:
doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to
1729:
Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada's Constitution
1063:. Indigenous peoples may also have certain rights on
1577:
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
986:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1520:for traditional communities was affirmed. Thus the
1246:Indigenous land rights were recognised in the 1840
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2475:"The Politics of Indigenous Land Rights in Brazil"
1532:population to a piece of land to work and live on.
939:persist after the assumption of sovereignty under
907:. Such claims may be based upon the principles of
875:, identity, and economic factors. Land is a major
2376:The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
1640:
1504:of 1910 saw agrarian reforms (1917–1934), and in
2667:
888:peoples, the land is an essential part of their
2065:Beinart, William; Delius, Peter (4 July 2014).
945:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
970:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
2422:Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West
2064:
1224:Oil in Ecuador, and the conflict between the
825:
186:The examples and perspective in this article
27:Rights of indigenous people to customary land
2538:"Brazil: Reject Anti-Indigenous Rights Bill"
1171:were recognised as the indigenous people of
2262:We are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples
2024:Young G. Custom and the native land court.
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
832:
818:
2291:
2001:
1817:
1645:. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers.
1264:series of wars detailed in a book called
1204:(ILO), made the ILO Convention 107. This
1141:The leading case for Aboriginal title in
242:Learn how and when to remove this message
224:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2472:
2114:
1714:"THE MABO CASE AND THE NATIVE TITLE ACT"
1618:. Land Portal Foundation. Archived from
1612:"Indigenous & Community Land Rights"
1453:United States Department of the Interior
1425:United States Department of the Interior
1834:"Japan: New Ainu Law Becomes Effective"
1749:Ryser, Rudolph C. (10 September 2012).
14:
2668:
2208:
2161:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1805:
1153:Tsilhqot'in Nation v. British Columbia
859:and natural resources therein, either
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2285:
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2110:
2108:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2026:Yearbook of New Zealand jurisprudence
1910:
1748:
1595:
1445:Native Americans in the United States
1417:Native Americans in the United States
1334:Aboriginal title in the United States
2625:, Oxford University Press, New York
2259:
1945:
1752:Indigenous Nations and Modern States
1006:East Turkestan independence movement
959:
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
2479:Bulletin of Latin American Research
2168:Journal of Southern African Studies
2071:Journal of Southern African Studies
1978:
1946:Hill, Richard S. (1 October 2011).
1911:Price, Richard (31 December 2011).
1540:North American Free Trade Agreement
1077:Indigenous land rights in Australia
990:American Convention on Human Rights
483:United Nations Declaration (UNDRIP)
24:
2278:
2105:
2031:
1994:The Journal of New Zealand Studies
1846:
1356:(1823), authored by Chief Justice
903:level since the very beginning of
25:
2687:
2643:
2418:"Winters v. United States (1908)"
1202:International Labour Organization
1187:As the political systems of some
1125:the next year. At this meeting, "
1051:doctrine that the land rights of
45:This article has multiple issues.
18:Land rights for Aboriginal people
2298:Journal of Supreme Court History
1567:Free, prior and informed consent
1549:
1516:was abolished, and the right to
1415:with natural resource treaties.
1327:
1182:
1105:Indigenous land claims in Canada
1059:persist after the assumption of
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34:
2608:
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2505:
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2410:
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2202:
2162:Walker, Cherryl (4 July 2014).
2155:
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2018:
1939:
1904:
1879:
1826:
1812:(Thesis). Carleton University.
1799:
1447:have largely been relegated to
1419:have largely been relegated to
1301:
1238:Aboriginal title in New Zealand
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2331:Gallo, Marcus (1 April 2015).
2292:Robertson, Lyndsay G. (1999).
1988:Harris, Aroha (21 June 2017).
1777:
1742:
1720:
1685:
1667:
1634:
1604:
1589:
1231:
1148:Delgamuukw v. British Columbia
1014:
13:
1:
2513:"Indigenous Rights in Brazil"
2473:Carvalho, Georgia O. (2000).
2349:10.5325/pennhistory.82.2.0193
1582:
1474:Indigenous territory (Brazil)
1123:Indian Association of Alberta
1033:
1010:Tibetan independence movement
2223:10.1007/978-3-030-51129-6_11
2180:10.1080/03057070.2014.931059
2115:Feinberg, Harvey M. (1993).
2083:10.1080/03057070.2014.930623
1462:
1451:managed by tribes under the
1423:managed by tribes under the
1228:and Suriname—to name a few.
1220:in Guatemala, protection of
1070:
861:individually or collectively
7:
2635:Snow, Alpheus Henry. 1919.
2568:Mongabay Environmental News
1596:Bouma; et al. (2010).
1560:
1135:National Indian Brotherhood
1025:Palestinian right of return
488:GRATK Anti-Biopiracy Treaty
200:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2692:
2430:10.4135/9781452276076.n408
1641:Gilbert, Jérémie. (2006).
1553:
1471:
1397:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
1371:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
1331:
1235:
1101:Aboriginal title in Canada
1098:
1074:
1037:
1018:
1003:
871:significance of the land,
340:Governmental organizations
2621:Robertson, L.G., (2005),
2388:10.1017/s1537781421000141
1495:
1467:
1094:
1081:Native title in Australia
954:environmental degradation
676:Indigenous decolonization
496:NGOs and political groups
2458:: CS1 maint: location (
2264:. Quadrille Publishing.
2003:10.26686/jnzs.v0i24.4060
1964:10.1215/00141801-1333760
1457:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1434:Winters v. United States
1429:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1162:
999:
509:Amazon Conservation Team
110:"Indigenous land rights"
1819:10.22215/etd/2015-11064
1308:Native Land Act of 1913
1177:Ainu Promotion Act 2019
1067:in many jurisdictions.
2676:Indigenous land rights
1806:Garcia, Louis (2015).
1345:Hayden Burgess, Hawaii
1342:
1292:
1242:Māori protest movement
1139:
845:Indigenous land rights
584:Survival International
465:International Treaties
2310:10.1353/sch.1999.0023
2260:Eede, Joanna (2009).
2209:Maloka, Tumo (2021),
2028:. 2012;13/14:213-223.
1923:10.9783/9780812203721
1761:10.4324/9780203139882
1439:United States v. Dion
1389:doctrine of discovery
1338:
1287:
1218:Escobal mine protests
1131:
943:. The United Nations
886:Aboriginal Australian
315:Traditional knowledge
300:Intellectual property
1679:Australians together
1510:Mexican Constitution
1500:The years after the
1405:Worcester v. Georgia
1391:, it was ruled that
1377:Worcester v. Georgia
1267:The New Zealand Wars
892:and belief systems.
325:Water and sanitation
206:create a new article
198:improve this article
188:may not represent a
95:improve this article
2660:Native Land Digital
2517:saiic.nativeweb.org
1914:Rainforest Warriors
1839:Library of Congress
1528:, and entitled the
1449:Indian reservations
1421:Indian reservations
1385:Johnson v. McIntosh
1366:Johnson v. McIntosh
1353:Johnson v. McIntosh
1021:Kurdish nationalism
947:, passed by the UN
941:settler colonialism
701:Uncontacted peoples
691:Settler colonialism
2592:. 20 February 2020
2542:Human Rights Watch
1693:"Eddie Koiki Mabo"
1536:Salinas government
1526:absentee landlords
1502:Mexican Revolution
1248:Treaty of Waitangi
1157:Tsilhqot'in Nation
1053:indigenous peoples
873:self-determination
853:Indigenous peoples
649:Discovery doctrine
634:Civilizing mission
452:BBNJ ABS Committee
2662:(interactive map)
2271:978-1-84400-729-5
2232:978-3-030-51128-9
1932:978-0-8122-4300-0
1864:978-1-317-65379-0
1770:978-1-136-49447-5
1699:. 15 August 2022.
1652:978-90-474-3130-5
1514:encomienda system
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1250:made between the
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112: –
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2609:Bibliography
2594:. Retrieved
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2567:
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2541:
2532:
2520:. Retrieved
2516:
2507:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2443:, retrieved
2421:
2412:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2304:(1): 50–75.
2301:
2297:
2261:
2255:
2244:, retrieved
2214:
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2171:
2167:
2157:
2124:
2120:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2049:, retrieved
2044:
2025:
2020:
1993:
1955:
1952:Ethnohistory
1951:
1941:
1913:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1854:
1848:
1837:
1828:
1808:
1801:
1790:, retrieved
1785:
1779:
1751:
1744:
1733:, retrieved
1728:
1722:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1642:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:the original
1615:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1544:Constitution
1505:
1499:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1443:
1432:
1413:
1404:
1396:
1387:, under the
1384:
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1375:
1374:(1831), and
1369:
1365:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1317:
1305:
1302:South Africa
1296:native title
1293:
1288:
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1254:and various
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1186:
1176:
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1132:
1108:
1086:
1084:
1043:
968:include the
963:
905:colonization
894:
890:spirituality
863:, mostly in
844:
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514:Amazon Watch
304:
238:
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187:
157:
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105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2246:25 November
1896:25 November
1792:28 November
1735:28 November
1616:Land Portal
1600:. Springer.
1572:Land rights
1283:land tenure
1232:New Zealand
1193:land rights
1119:White Paper
1061:sovereignty
1015:Arab Region
925:legislation
897:land claims
895:Indigenous
882:inheritance
777:Philippines
757:New Zealand
429:initiatives
305:Land rights
2445:30 October
2051:24 October
1873:1100656471
1583:References
1530:indigenous
1506:article 27
1312:Bantustans
1206:convention
1197:indigenous
1065:Crown land
1049:common law
1034:Common law
992:, and the
933:common law
917:common law
686:Indigenism
330:Protection
121:newspapers
50:improve it
2491:0261-3050
2404:233340732
2396:1537-7814
2357:0031-4528
2318:1540-5818
2241:236701314
2196:144753367
2188:0305-7070
2141:0361-7882
2099:144614158
2091:0305-7070
2012:2324-3740
1972:0014-1801
1661:719377481
1463:Civil law
1321:apartheid
1210:Caribbean
1071:Australia
869:religious
865:colonised
797:Venezuela
722:Australia
717:Argentina
709:Countries
629:Biopiracy
569:Land Back
202:talk page
56:talk page
2670:Category
2596:24 April
2574:24 April
2548:24 April
2522:24 April
2454:citation
1561:See also
1380:(1832).
1368:(1823),
1226:Saramaka
976:"), the
913:treaties
877:economic
847:are the
807:Category
787:Tanzania
782:Suriname
767:Paraguay
742:Malaysia
664:Genocide
605:more ...
529:CONAECDA
447:WIPO IGC
437:9 August
310:Language
259:a series
257:Part of
196:You may
2499:3339531
1697:aiatsis
1626:22 June
1508:of the
1029:Zionism
974:ILO 169
752:Namibia
737:Finland
732:Denmark
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