65:
619:
570:, "to damage, disturb or interfere with any Aboriginal sites, objects or remains". Mitigation strategies to protect the environment include purpose-built mats which would be used on the lake's surface to "protect the salt crust" from vehicles travelling over it, and the company intends to consult regularly with Aboriginal representatives. However Kuyani woman Regina McKenzie expressed concerns that her people were not consulted and no cultural assessments were made. The work, scheduled to begin in 2021, would "target iron oxide copper-gold (
633:
72:
49:
594:). 20 semi-trailer trucks delivered accommodation units and equipment to Murdie Island in preparation. In the same week, the Barngarla Determination Aboriginal Corporation launched legal action to put a stop to the drilling, on the grounds that it is "one of the most significant cultural sites in South Australia".
410:
to the area, as although all three groups had 'significant and credible spiritual connection to parts of Lake
Torrens' it was not possible to 'prioritise one set of spiritual beliefs over the other'. In 2020, mine exploration licences covered part of the lake with prospecting for minerals underway
366:
origin and identified in the 1850s. Its name, along with
Carrapateena, reflect "the earliest known and identifiable cultural associations to Lake Torrens", according to a 2016 court judgement. Other geographic features include Carrapateena Inlet (also called Carrapateena Arm) and Trimmer Inlet.
542:
permission to do exploratory drilling for iron, copper and gold under the lake, intending to work with traditional owners to “preserve and protect” important sites. The area was drilled in 2007 to 2008 without obtaining permission of the
Kokatha people, who then held native title (see
1255:
335:
Lake
Torrens stretches approximately 250 kilometres (155 mi) in length and 30 kilometres (19 mi) in average width. It is Australia's second largest lake when filled with water and encompasses an area of 5,745 square kilometres (2,218 sq mi).
551:
granted authority to enter and undertake mining operations (exploration) within those parts of the western area of the lake defined in an application by
Argonaut. Some drilling was done in 2019, but was paused pending a technical review relating to the
896:
585:
Drilling was set to start from 15 March 2021, despite recommendations against doing so being provided to
Marshall (who is also Aboriginal Affairs minister) by the state-government-appointed Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation and the
563:
granted permission to
Kelaray to conduct drilling on the lake, over an area including Murdie Island, part of Andamooka Island, and part of Carrapateena Arm, after they had made an application under Section 23 of the
831:
587:
685:
1395:
1372:
605:, overturned Marshall's decision, citing concerns that Kelaray's heritage plan and procedures would "substantially detract" from the state’s Aboriginal heritage laws.
64:
1286:
591:
783:
535:
346:
Andamooka Island is the largest of several islands, lying along the western shore. It is a pastoral property, but an important area for birds such as the
1126:
1067:
1101:
1448:
1151:
Eyles, Kathy; Larmour, Geoff; Young, Sarah; Australia. Environment
Australia; Natural Heritage Trust (Australia). National Wetlands Program (2001),
926:
1367:
1529:
117:
1501:
1152:
689:
556:
below the lake. In
September 2020, representatives of the local Kuyani and Kokatha people raised concerns about further drilling proposals.
1338:
548:
496:
1038:
967:
1569:
927:"Application for authorisation under the Aboriginal Heritage Act1988(SA): Kelaray Pty Ltd–Lake Torrens Murdie Exploration Program"
805:
1165:
1564:
479:
1474:
1537:
1346:
441:, suggesting it likely did so in 1897 as well. It has a thin salt crust with red-brown clays beneath, which are soft and
1584:
653:
997:
727:
1421:
598:
391:
1076:
1202:
1021:
856:
433:
The lake filled in 1897 and again in April 1989. The 1989 filling resulted in the lake outflowing through the
1574:
461:
948:
566:
518:
during the major filling event of 1989. It may occasionally support over 1% of the world population of
882:
658:
423:
329:
189:
168:
20:
1150:
427:
407:
1339:"SA Government approves drilling on sacred Lake Torrens, despite opposition from Aboriginal groups"
1039:"Geographical Names Act 1991 Notice to Create Boundaries of Places and Alter Boundaries of Places"
1579:
325:
259:
638:
503:
434:
395:
274:
1232:
881:
Mansfield, J. (9 August 2016). "Lake
Torrens Overlap Proceedings (No 3) FCA 899" (Document).
523:
430:. However the Kuyani people had long called the lake Ngarndamukia, meaning "shower of rain".
351:
161:
149:
1180:
809:
321:
19:
This article is about the lake in South Australia. For the associated protected area, see
8:
1475:"Sacred Lake Torrens at centre of legal battle over Argonaut Resources drilling proposal"
1308:
507:
720:
Evaporites:Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons: Sediments, Resources, and Hydrocarbons
442:
1161:
723:
579:
519:
347:
1449:"Mining on sacred site set to start this week, against wishes of Traditional Owners"
575:
1075:(Map). South Australian Government. 31 October 2012. Rack Plan 951. Archived from
1025:
560:
340:
313:
301:
270:
266:
245:
103:
89:
477:
The full extent of Lake Torrens has been protected as a national park under the
602:
380:
175:
968:"Indigenous sacred site Lake Torrens faces exploratory drilling for resources"
746:
1558:
399:
132:
119:
1102:"Protected Areas Information System - reserve list (as of 25 November 2014)"
624:
539:
515:
438:
416:
384:
358:
and others. Murdie Island lies just south of Andamooka, its name of either
355:
317:
278:
27:
454:
412:
376:
1530:"Supreme Court overturns miner's authorisation to drill at Lake Torrens"
1502:"Chief Justice overturns drilling approval at Aboriginal heritage site"
415:
in 1839, who spotted the salt bed from Mount Arden at the head of the
328:, with a maximum depth of 1 m. It is located within the boundaries of
162:
648:
582:. It has been called the Murdie project in Argonaut's documentation.
403:
359:
262:
255:
154:
1210:
1018:
460:
In April 2013, the full extent of Lake Torrens was gazetted by the
450:
446:
398:
and ownership was contested by three claimant groups: the Kokatha,
26:
For the recreational lake between Adelaide and North Adelaide, see
406:
peoples. The court ruled that none of the groups would be awarded
312:
Lake Torrens lies between the Arcoona Plateau to the west and the
1506:
1127:"Protected Areas of South Australia September (Map) 2014 Edition"
553:
1160:(3rd ed.), Environment Australia, pp. 1, 2 & 78,
1069:
Rack Plan 951 - Proposed Locality Boundaries for Pastoral Areas
363:
48:
590:(SAHC) and Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation (part of the
1368:"SA Government approves application by Kelaray under the AHA"
571:
1183:. Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Environment
951: (Supreme Court of South Australia 9 August 2016)
324:. The lake is approximately 30 metres (98 ft) above
1132:. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
1107:. Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources
316:
to the east, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) north of
747:"Lake Torrens, Australia - 3539.200sq km - Facts, Map"
722:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 201.
534:
In April 2017 Kelaray, a subsidiary of mining company
445:. The area around the lake is sparsely vegetated with
1284:
1181:"Results of search for "Inland Saline Lakes - SA065""
1028:
Site is a searchable database. Accessed 3 April 2012.
1000:. Professional Historians Association—South Australia
1287:
Murdie Project: Final Drilling Authorisation Granted
1019:
PlaceNames Online - South Australian State Gazetteer
614:
529:
320:
and about 345 kilometres (214 mi) north of the
375:Approximately 35,000 years ago, the lake water was
71:
1280:
1278:
1276:
549:Environment, Resources and Development (ERD) Court
514:(IBA) because it supported up to 100,000 breeding
296:runs between Andamooka Island and the shore, and
1556:
944:Lake Torrens Overlap Proceedings (No 3) FCA 899
110:
53:Stuart Creek with Lake Torrens in the background
1273:
1332:
1330:
1233:"Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Torrens"
1154:A Directory of important wetlands in Australia
961:
959:
957:
717:
574:) copper mineralisation", similar to mines at
472:
921:
919:
917:
880:
491:Lake Torrens is part of an area known as the
486:
1048:. South Australian Government. 26 April 2013
559:In January 2021, the state government under
497:Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia
304:extending westwards south of Murdie Island.
1327:
1094:
1060:
954:
936:
343:, having no outflow of water to the ocean.
991:
989:
914:
547:). In February 2018, the South Australian
464:as a locality with the name Lake Torrens.
932:. Consultation Information Package. 2020.
773:Barker, McCaskill & Ward, p.173, 1995
688:. Explore Australia. 2010. Archived from
339:Usually the Lake Torrens catchment is an
1499:
1285:Arognaut Resources NL (4 January 2021).
1253:
769:
767:
713:
711:
709:
707:
467:
1472:
1422:"Aboriginal affairs and reconciliation"
1336:
1046:The South Australian Government Gazette
1012:
986:
966:Lysaght, Gary-Jon (27 September 2020).
965:
411:The first European to see the lake was
273:events, the lake flows out through the
1557:
1500:Richards, Stephanie (25 August 2022).
1256:"Argonaut get Torrens mining go ahead"
1119:
1481:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1446:
1426:Department of the Premier and Cabinet
1400:Department of the Premier and Cabinet
1396:"State Aboriginal Heritage Committee"
974:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
786:. Government of South Australia. 2012
764:
704:
592:Department of the Premier and Cabinet
219:5,745 km (2,218 sq mi)
1527:
1337:Lysaght, Gary-Jon (5 January 2021).
1031:
741:
739:
680:
678:
676:
674:
502:Lake Torrens has been identified by
480:National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972
1538:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1473:Lysaght, Gary-Jon (17 March 2021).
1347:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1225:
995:
588:State Aboriginal Heritage Committee
426:who was one of the founders of the
13:
422:Eyre named the lake after Colonel
14:
1596:
1528:Ward, Nicholas (26 August 2022).
1254:Castello, Renato (3 April 2017).
1209:. Birds Australia. Archived from
736:
671:
530:Exploratory drilling for minerals
1447:Smith, Douglas (16 March 2021).
654:List of lakes of South Australia
631:
617:
599:Chief Justice of South Australia
512:Lake Torrens Important Bird Area
392:Supreme Court of South Australia
70:
63:
47:
1570:Saline lakes of South Australia
1521:
1493:
1466:
1440:
1414:
1388:
1360:
1301:
1247:
1195:
1173:
1144:
889:
718:John K. Warren (12 June 2006).
292:, both near the western shore;
874:
849:
824:
798:
776:
383:, but has become increasingly
307:
1:
998:"1 May 1839 Edward John Eyre"
664:
495:which has been listed in the
462:Government of South Australia
784:"Lake Torrens National Park"
686:"Lake Torrens National Park"
567:Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
544:
526:are also common in the IBA.
284:Islands on the lake include
16:Salt lake in South Australia
7:
1565:Far North (South Australia)
608:
473:South Australian government
394:, the lake was noted as an
10:
1601:
1289:(Report). ASX Announcement
883:Federal Court of Australia
487:Non-statutory arrangements
370:
330:Lake Torrens National Park
190:Lake Torrens National Park
25:
21:Lake Torrens National Park
18:
1585:Sacred lakes of Australia
1373:National Resources Review
428:colony of South Australia
354:, and other islands host
231:
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203:250 km (160 mi)
199:
195:
185:
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160:
148:
109:
99:
58:
46:
37:
1235:. BirdLife International
524:Cinnamon quail-thrushes
211:30 km (19 mi)
659:Pirie–Torrens corridor
639:South Australia portal
504:BirdLife International
435:Pirie-Torrens corridor
390:In a 2016 case in the
275:Pirie-Torrens corridor
235:30 m (98 ft)
227:1 m (3.3 ft)
169:Pirie–Torrens corridor
133:31.04444°S 137.85972°E
806:"Largest Waterbodies"
499:since at least 1995.
468:Protected area status
352:cinnamon quail-thrush
269:. After sufficiently
1575:DIWA-listed wetlands
1082:on 23 September 2015
857:"BirdLife Data Zone"
810:Geoscience Australia
597:In August 2022, the
400:Adnyamathanha/Kuyani
322:Adelaide city centre
138:-31.04444; 137.85972
1203:"IBA: Lake Torrens"
508:Important Bird Area
493:Inland Saline Lakes
129: /
1024:2008-05-17 at the
897:"Carrapateena Arm"
861:BirdLife Data Zone
832:"Andamooka Island"
580:Carrapateena mines
536:Argonaut Resources
520:red-capped plovers
1167:978-0-642-54721-7
996:Painter, Alison.
751:www.lakepedia.com
348:red-capped plover
239:
238:
232:Surface elevation
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1402:. 4 January 2021
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1376:. 4 January 2021
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298:Carrapateena Arm
286:Andamooka Island
271:extreme rainfall
164:
163:Primary outflows
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1313:Aeris Resources
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314:Flinders Ranges
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267:South Australia
178: countries
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1580:Torrens family
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1492:
1465:
1439:
1428:. 26 June 2020
1413:
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1315:. 30 June 2020
1300:
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1224:
1213:on 6 July 2011
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692:on 9 July 2016
669:
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613:
612:
610:
607:
603:Chris Kourakis
545:History, above
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424:Robert Torrens
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81:(Ngarndamukia)
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41:(Ngarndamukia)
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885:. p. 87.
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812:. 15 May 2014
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516:banded stilts
513:
510:known as the
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356:banded stilts
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294:Trimmer Inlet
291:
290:Murdie Island
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254:) is a large
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78:Lake Torrens
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38:Lake Torrens
36:
33:
29:
22:
1541:. Retrieved
1533:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1505:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1478:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
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251:Ngarndamukia
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242:Lake Torrens
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28:Torrens Lake
901:Google Maps
836:Google Maps
576:Olympic Dam
413:Edward Eyre
396:sacred site
308:Description
265:in central
258:, normally
200:Max. length
186:Designation
136: /
124:137°51′35″E
111:Coordinates
1559:Categories
1239:5 February
1086:25 January
1052:25 January
665:References
538:, secured
224:Max. depth
208:Max. width
121:31°02′40″S
1543:28 August
1513:28 August
1380:6 January
1352:6 January
1319:9 October
1309:"Torrens"
1293:6 January
1265:9 October
1111:8 January
1004:9 October
978:9 October
906:6 January
866:6 January
841:6 January
649:Lake Eyre
404:Barngarla
360:Barngarla
326:sea level
263:salt lake
260:endorheic
256:ephemeral
181:Australia
155:Salt lake
1534:ABC News
1485:27 March
1479:ABC News
1458:27 March
1432:27 March
1406:27 March
1343:ABC News
1217:1 August
1136:15 April
1022:Archived
972:ABC News
816:15 March
790:9 August
696:9 August
609:See also
455:bluebush
451:saltbush
447:samphire
381:brackish
100:Location
1507:InDaily
1207:Birdata
554:aquifer
437:to the
387:since.
371:History
277:to the
1187:13 May
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506:as an
385:saline
364:Kuyani
300:is an
246:Kuyani
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176:Basin
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