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355:. Work began south of Lake Timsah in 1862-1863 as expansion continued on the northern segment. Forced labor was used during canal construction from March 1862 until Ismail Pasha outlawed the practice in 1864. As a result of the canal, waters from Lake Manzaleh flowed into Lake Timsah. Expansion continued on the northern segment until 1867 and on the southern segment until 1876.
326:
Suez Canal construction in the vicinity of Lake Timsah began in 1861 on the segment north of the lake. Initial preparations included the construction of sheds to house 10,000 workers, steam sawmills, and importation of large quantities of wheelbarrows and wooden planks. 3,000 laborers dug a channel
372:
lake that experiences significant variations in salinity. Human engineering projects have impacted salinity, with resulting changes in the lake's biota. Decreases in salinity were noted as early as 1871 following Suez Canal construction, and subsequent enlargement of the channel from the Nile and
244:
and the
Mediterranean Sea. The lowest points of the depression form shallow natural lakes, of which Timsah is one. The surface area of Lake Timsah covers 5.4 square miles. Most of the lake is marshy and depth rarely exceeds 3 feet (1 metre).
385:
also accounts for much of the lake's freshwater supply. Lake Timsah experiences both stratification variations in salinity and seasonal surface variations in salinity, and in recent decades freshwater taxa have been overtaking brackish taxa.
413:
In 2003, a number of groups attempted to relieve the lake of pollution. It was a significant event for the local community, since the lake is of economic importance to the city and its fishermen.
410:. The results showed that crabs contained "significantly higher concentrations of both total and carcinogenic PAHs than other species, while clams contained significantly lower levels of PAHs."
220:, which caused Timsah's banks to overflow and moved water south into the Bitter Lakes about nine miles (14 km) away. In 1862, the lake was filled with waters from the
335:
to Lake Timsah in 1861 and 1862, which brought a fresh water supply to the area. It was also proposed to construct a halfway port at this point along the canal. The
95:
351:, which expanded the workforce to 18,000 men. The trench measured 50 feet (15 m) wide by four to six feet deep and connected Lake Timsah to the
374:
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687:
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serves as Lake Timsah's principal source of salt water. Timsah's main source of fresh water was annual Nile flooding until the
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874:
322:
by the northern bank of Lake Timsah, c. 1860. Completion of the segment brought waters from Lake
Manzaleh to Lake Timsah.
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267:, arose on Lake Timsah's northern bank. Several beaches overlook the lake, including the Moslem Youth, Fayrouz, Melaha,
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48:
807:
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Lake Timsah possibly first became a juncture for canal construction approximately 4,000 years ago during the
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to Lake Timsah, was completed in
November 1862. Construction of the segment was completed with
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8:
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398:(PAHs) in fish and shellfish species that locals consume from the lake. Samples included
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653:
Royal
Statistical Society (Great Britain), Statistical Society (Great Britain). (1887).
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other construction projects increased the inflow of fresh water to the lake. The
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328:
284:
773:
572:
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689:
The
Industrial Revolution on the Continent: Germany, France, Russia 1800-1914
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Shea, William H. "A Date for the
Recently Discovered Eastern Canal of Egypt"
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Rogers, Jerry R.; Brown, Glenn Owen; Garbrecht, Jürgen (2004).
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In 2002, a study was conducted to check the concentrations of
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193:
81:
965:
475:
332:
434:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 231.
548:
Bridging
Divides: Maritime Canals as Invasion Corridors
611:
Bulletin of the
American Schools of Oriental Research
718:
589:
The Store-City of Pithom and the Route of the Exodus
236:
Lake Timsah lies within a depression that spans the
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My Early
Travels and Adventures in America and Asia
818:
271:, Taawen, and a few Suez Canal Authority beaches.
1247:
587:. "Map of the Wadi Tumilat" (plate image), in
88:
628:Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt
252:, Lake Timsah was the northern terminus of the
1231:United Nations Security Council Resolution 119
1226:United Nations Security Council Resolution 118
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685:
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659:. Royal Statistical Society. pp. 503–509
288:Approximate location of Canal of the Pharaohs
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545:Stephan Gollasch, Andrew N. Cohen (2006).
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381:interrupted these flows in 1966, although
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721:Water Resources and Environmental History
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479:Water Resources and Environmental History
656:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
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432:Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus
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200:. It lies in a basin developed along a
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591:(1885). London: Trubner and Company.
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856:
633:
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476:Jerry R. Rogers, Glenn Owen (2004).
216:region. In 1800, a flood filled the
37:showing Lake Timsah at center right.
816:
737:
189:
55:
13:
829:
723:. ASCE Publications. p. 124.
482:. ASCE Publications. p. 124.
14:
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1128:Société d'études du Canal de Suez
841:
613:, No. 226 (Apr., 1977), pp. 31-38
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396:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
263:, named in honor of the viceroy
157:14 km (5.4 sq mi)
54:
47:
27:
712:
692:. W.O. Henderson. p. 151.
626:and Steven Blake Shubert, eds.
616:
603:
882:
848:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
802:. Oxford University Press US.
798:Hoffmeier, James Karl (2005).
622:Paice, Patricia "Persians" in
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457:
448:
423:
358:
259:On March 4, 1863, the city of
248:It has been asserted that, in
1:
1179:Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936
954:Suez Canal Container Terminal
791:
309:
1169:Convention of Constantinople
630:(New York: Routledge, 1999),
430:Gmirkin, Russell E. (2006).
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231:
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833:The Maritime Canal of Suez
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569:The Columbia Encyclopedia
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224:, and became part of the
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135:
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21:
1068:Area Development Project
1042:El Ferdan Railway Bridge
904:Port Said Port Authority
830:Nourse, Joseph Everett.
416:
817:Stanley, Henry Morton.
800:Ancient Israel in Sinai
774:"Making a city livable"
686:W.O. Henderson (2006).
575:. Accessed 14 May 2008.
551:. Springer. p. 229
300:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
1174:Raid on the Suez Canal
571:, Sixth Edition, s.v.
323:
302:, and was expanded by
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167:80,000,000 m (2.8
1123:Canal of the Pharaohs
919:Port Said Governorate
317:
294:Canal of the Pharaohs
287:
280:Canal of the Pharaohs
112:30.56667°N 32.28333°E
1154:Ferdinand de Lesseps
1095:Lessepsian migration
1032:Port Said Lighthouse
914:Ismailia Governorate
898:Suez Canal Authority
772:Yasmine El-Rashidi.
190:بُحَيْرة التِّمْسَاح
1216:Operation Telescope
1206:Operation Musketeer
1147:French/UK operation
1052:Power line crossing
204:extending from the
171:10 cu ft)
107: /
1221:Protocol of Sèvres
1211:Operation Tarnegol
1164:Suez Canal Company
1047:Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel
343:, which connected
324:
318:The Suez Canal at
290:
117:30.56667; 32.28333
1243:
1242:
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1037:Suez Canal Bridge
1011:Great Bitter Lake
368:Lake Timsah is a
353:Mediterranean Sea
206:Mediterranean Sea
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937:Cities and ports
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16:Lake in Egypt
1266:Wadi Tumilat
1135:
1005:
1001:Lake Manzala
832:
820:
799:
778:. Retrieved
753:. Retrieved
720:
714:
703:. Retrieved
688:
661:. Retrieved
655:
627:
618:
610:
605:
600:Nourse, p.54
596:
588:
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573:"Suez Canal"
568:
564:
553:. Retrieved
547:
516:. Retrieved
493:. Retrieved
478:
459:
450:
431:
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412:
393:
367:
349:forced labor
345:Lake Manzala
325:
297:
265:Ismail Pasha
258:
247:
240:between the
235:
218:Wadi Tumilat
214:Bitter Lakes
212:through the
210:Gulf of Suez
181:
177:
176:
163:Water volume
153:Surface area
142:Hydrographic
1189:Suez Crisis
1088:Marine life
1006:Lake Timsah
891:Authorities
383:groundwater
359:Environment
331:) from the
178:Lake Timsah
123:Lake Timsah
115: /
89:Coordinates
62:Lake Timsah
33:Map of the
22:Lake Timsah
1261:Nile Delta
1250:Categories
1136:Ever Given
989:Waterworks
884:Suez Canal
792:References
780:2009-04-09
755:2009-04-09
705:2009-04-10
663:2009-04-10
555:2009-04-10
518:2009-04-09
513:"Ismailia"
495:2009-04-10
408:gastropods
341:Suez Canal
310:Suez Canal
226:Suez Canal
198:Nile delta
121: (
102:32°17′00″E
99:30°34′00″N
35:Nile Delta
1061:Expansion
971:Suez Port
949:Port Fuad
944:Port Said
402:, crabs,
390:Pollution
232:Geography
137:Lake type
1196:Timeline
961:Ismailia
750:"US EPA"
404:bivalves
370:brackish
364:Salinity
337:Ismailia
320:Ismailia
304:Darius I
261:Ismailia
74:Location
1111:History
996:Suezmax
400:tilapia
254:Red Sea
242:Red Sea
238:isthmus
222:Red Sea
208:to the
196:on the
1191:(1956)
1139:(2021)
1130:(1846)
806:
727:
696:
486:
438:
275:Canals
269:Bahary
186:Arabic
900:(SCA)
417:Notes
202:fault
194:Egypt
82:Egypt
1100:List
966:Suez
804:ISBN
725:ISBN
694:ISBN
484:ISBN
436:ISBN
333:Nile
1252::
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306:.
256:.
228:.
188::
80:,
1198:)
1194:(
876:e
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558:.
521:.
498:.
444:.
327:(
184:(
169:×
125:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
