739:
721:
38:
81:
54:
61:
361:. As postulated, this caldera does not house the lake. The age of this large eruption of more than 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of magma was historically ill-defined due to several complexities and the literature gives a range from 40,000 years to 64,000 years ago with 47,400 ± 1500 years ago being recently quoted. What is not now challenged is that this was a paired eruption with a nearby vent in the
766:
Technically significant surface vents can be well separated from a magma chamber and its associated area of caldera collapse immediately above. A recent extreme example with a basalt eruption was in
Iceland where the significant vent was over 40 km (25 mi) from the caldera collapse that
319:
is expected to see improvement in lake water quality within five years. The
Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes Program reported in 2013 that the intervention has significantly improved water quality. Water quality is the highest it has been in decades, and it is on track to meet targets set by the Program to
299:
explorer also credited with discovering Lake
Rotorua. Legend says that the lake was named as such because when Ihenga first saw it, he could only see a small part of it and thought the lake was a lot smaller.
311:
in the Okere arm of the lake and choking lake weed growth in other still areas of the lake. A barrier to divert the nutrient rich waters of Lake
Rotorua into the Kaituna River was completed in late 2008.
342:
which is also very geothermally active on the south eastern margins of the lake. There appear to have been
Rotoiti eruptive vents at the eastern end of the lake and although these are part of the
303:
Since the 1960s, the quality of lake water has been negatively affected by inflows of nitrogen rich water from Lake
Rotorua, agricultural run-off from surrounding farms and seepage from domestic
1151:"40Ar/39Ar age of the Rotoiti Breccia and Rotoehu Ash, Okataina Volcanic Complex, New Zealand, and identification of heterogeneously distributed excess 40Ar in supercooled crystals"
1150:
1183:
Schmitz, Mark D.; Smith, Ian E. M. (2004). "The
Petrology of the Rotoiti Eruption Sequence, Taupo Volcanic Zone: an Example of Fractionation and Mixing in a Rhyolitic System".
911:
936:
116:
1112:"Magma mingling in the ~50 ka Rotoiti eruption from Okataina Volcanic Centre: Implications for geochemical diversity and chronology of large volume rhyolites"
1210:
738:
745:
727:
1011:"Storage, evolution, and mixing in basaltic eruptions from around the Okataina Volcanic Centre, Taupō Volcanic Zone, Aotearoa New Zealand"
1251:
915:
981:
940:
720:
1256:
844:
1261:
316:
1043:
868:
343:
1010:
1209:
Houghton B F, Wilson C J N, McWilliams M O, Lanphere M A, Weaver S D, Briggs R M, Pringle M S, 1995.
1211:
Chronology and dynamics of a large silicic magmatic system: Central Taupo
Volcano Zone, New Zealand
346:
they are believed to be in an area of collapse subsidence outside the north western margins of the
53:
961:
323:
Lake
Rotoiti has thermal hot-spring baths on the southern shore which are accessible by boat.
160:
148:
20:
1123:
1022:
153:
8:
1127:
1026:
889:
362:
347:
1056:
1135:
1111:
1060:
1048:
1034:
840:
1074:
Riel, B.; Milillo, P.; Simons, M.; Lundgren, P.; Kanamori, H.; Samsonov, S. (2015).
1009:
Hughes, Ery C.; Law, Sally; Kilgour, Geoff; Blundy, Jon D.; Mader, Heidy M. (2023).
288:
1192:
1165:
1131:
1087:
1038:
1030:
797:
354:
261:
1169:
358:
296:
1196:
174:
985:
1245:
1052:
860:
273:
253:
167:
131:
118:
98:
94:
839:. Wellington: DSIR Science Information Publishing Centre. pp. 471–474.
332:
304:
269:
265:
102:
789:
1092:
1075:
308:
257:
264:. The lake is close to the northern shore of its more famous neighbour,
37:
801:
357:, but has been renamed in the more standard major event fashion to the
161:
788:
de Ronde, Cornel E.J.; Caratori
Tontini, Fabio; Black, Jenny (2021).
80:
292:
962:"Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes Program, Lake Rotoiti Water Quality Status"
336:
260:. It is the northwesternmost in a chain of lakes formed within the
366:
339:
277:
787:
365:
that had a separate magma source and erupted Earthquake Flat
1223:
1224:"CliFlo – National Climate Database : Lake Rotoiti 2"
1073:
890:"Volcanic Plateau places - Lake Rotoiti to Lake Rotomā"
748:
Homes and vacation homes nestled in around Lake Rotoiti
1008:
353:
This region of the caldera was at one time termed the
1110:
Shane, Phil; Nairn, I.A.; Smith, Victoria C. (2005).
835:Lowe, D.J.; Green, J.D. (1987). Viner, A.B. (ed.).
307:. The effects of this included an almost permanent
335:through the Ohau Channel depends upon the sinking
1044:20.500.11820/9f5c151c-1f2e-47ed-a264-7649eacdf669
1243:
109:
1109:
1116:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
1076:"The collapse of Bárðarbunga caldera, Iceland"
1015:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
790:"Bathymetric map of Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand"
1203:
1182:
1105:
1103:
1004:
1002:
982:"Lake Rotoiti, Lake Rotoehu and Lake Rotoma"
1176:
1148:
381:Climate data for Lake Rotoiti (1991–2020)
276:, which flows into the Bay of Plenty near
1100:
1091:
1042:
999:
834:
912:"Ohau Channel Diversion Wall Monitoring"
887:
16:Lake in the North Island of New Zealand
1244:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
19:For the lake in the South Island, see
1216:
794:GNS Science Rotorua Lakes Map Series
291:means "The Small Lake Discovered by
60:
815:
208:34.3 km (13.2 sq mi)
13:
888:McKinnon, Malcolm (2 March 2009).
14:
1273:
1252:Lakes of the Bay of Plenty Region
1080:Geophysical Journal International
861:"Place name detail: Lake Rotoiti"
268:, and is connected to it via the
1136:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.08.012
1035:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107715
737:
719:
79:
59:
52:
36:
1142:
1067:
760:
85:Bathymetric map of Lake Rotoiti
1149:Flude, S.; Storey, M. (2016).
974:
954:
929:
904:
881:
853:
781:
317:Bay of Plenty Regional Council
1:
937:"Ohau Channel Diversion Wall"
774:
640:Average rainfall mm (inches)
320:meet community expectations.
283:The full name of the lake is
1170:10.1016/j.quageo.2016.01.002
869:New Zealand Geographic Board
837:Inland waters of New Zealand
224:100.0 m (328.1 ft)
7:
914:. June 2011. Archived from
570:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
430:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
10:
1278:
709:
380:
372:
326:
18:
639:
569:
499:
429:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
240:
236:
228:
220:
212:
204:
200:3.6 km (2.2 mi)
196:
188:
184:
173:
159:
147:
108:
90:
78:
47:
35:
30:
1257:Okataina Volcanic Centre
1197:10.1093/petrology/egh047
1158:Quaternary Geochronology
753:
730:Panorama of Lake Rotoiti
344:Ōkataina Volcanic Centre
331:Its joint drainage with
285:Te Rotoiti-kite-a-Īhenga
232:279 m (915 ft)
192:15 km (9.3 mi)
216:33 m (108 ft)
1262:Volcanic crater lakes
1213:. Geology, 23: 13-16.
865:New Zealand Gazetteer
21:Lake Rotoiti (Tasman)
1185:Journal of Petrology
892:. Te Ara New Zealand
132:38.0390°S 176.4277°E
99:Bay of Plenty Region
1128:2005JVGR..139..295S
1027:2023JVGR..43407715H
767:drove the eruption.
500:Daily mean °C (°F)
272:. It drains to the
128: /
1093:10.1093/gji/ggv157
1021:(107715): 107715.
802:10.21420/8123-EA25
137:-38.0390; 176.4277
1191:(10): 2045–2066.
714:
713:
252:is a lake in the
247:
246:
229:Surface elevation
1269:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1122:(3–4): 295–313.
1107:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1046:
1006:
997:
996:
994:
993:
984:. Archived from
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
958:
952:
951:
949:
948:
939:. Archived from
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
857:
851:
850:
832:
813:
812:
810:
808:
785:
768:
764:
741:
723:
378:
377:
363:Ōkataina Caldera
355:Haroharo Caldera
348:Ōkataina Caldera
262:Okataina Caldera
163:
162:Primary outflows
143:
142:
140:
139:
138:
133:
129:
126:
125:
124:
121:
111:
83:
63:
62:
56:
40:
28:
27:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1204:
1181:
1177:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1108:
1101:
1072:
1068:
1007:
1000:
991:
989:
980:
979:
975:
966:
964:
960:
959:
955:
946:
944:
935:
934:
930:
921:
919:
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
886:
882:
873:
871:
859:
858:
854:
847:
833:
816:
806:
804:
786:
782:
777:
772:
771:
765:
761:
756:
751:
750:
749:
747:
742:
733:
732:
731:
729:
724:
715:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
375:
359:Rotoiti Caldera
329:
287:, which in the
177: countries
136:
134:
130:
127:
122:
119:
117:
115:
114:
86:
74:
73:
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
64:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1275:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1238:
1237:
1215:
1202:
1175:
1141:
1099:
1086:(1): 446–453.
1066:
998:
973:
953:
928:
903:
880:
852:
845:
814:
779:
778:
776:
773:
770:
769:
758:
757:
755:
752:
744:
743:
736:
735:
734:
726:
725:
718:
717:
716:
712:
711:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
383:
382:
376:
374:
371:
328:
325:
289:Māori language
245:
244:
242:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
206:
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145:
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112:
106:
105:
92:
88:
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84:
76:
75:
66:
65:
58:
57:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1274:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1003:
988:on 2012-11-15
987:
983:
977:
963:
957:
943:on 2015-11-24
942:
938:
932:
918:on 2013-02-12
917:
913:
907:
891:
884:
870:
866:
862:
856:
848:
846:0-477-06799-9
842:
838:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
803:
799:
795:
791:
784:
780:
763:
759:
746:
740:
728:
722:
710:Source: NIWA
708:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
638:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
568:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
498:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
428:
384:
379:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
324:
321:
318:
313:
310:
306:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
274:Kaituna River
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:Bay of Plenty
251:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
213:Average depth
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
168:Kaituna River
166:
164:
158:
155:
152:
150:
146:
141:
113:
107:
104:
100:
96:
95:Rotorua Lakes
93:
89:
82:
77:
55:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1228:. Retrieved
1218:
1205:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1161:
1157:
1144:
1119:
1115:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1018:
1014:
990:. Retrieved
986:the original
976:
965:. Retrieved
956:
945:. Retrieved
941:the original
931:
920:. Retrieved
916:the original
906:
896:19 September
894:. Retrieved
883:
872:. Retrieved
864:
855:
836:
805:. Retrieved
793:
783:
762:
352:
333:Lake Rotorua
330:
322:
314:
305:septic tanks
302:
284:
282:
270:Ohau Channel
266:Lake Rotorua
250:Lake Rotoiti
249:
248:
205:Surface area
103:North Island
67:Lake Rotoiti
42:Lake Rotoiti
31:Lake Rotoiti
25:
309:algal bloom
258:New Zealand
189:Max. length
180:New Zealand
154:crater lake
135: /
123:176°25′40″E
110:Coordinates
1246:Categories
992:2013-01-03
967:2015-04-30
947:2013-01-03
922:2013-01-03
874:2009-03-18
775:References
256:region of
241:References
221:Max. depth
197:Max. width
120:38°02′20″S
1164:: 13–23.
1061:253783414
1053:0377-0273
807:31 August
705:(62.68)
350:itself.
337:Tikitere
295:", the
91:Location
1124:Bibcode
1023:Bibcode
703:1,592.1
700:(5.93)
695:(5.89)
690:(6.61)
685:(6.07)
680:(5.47)
675:(4.09)
670:(6.27)
665:(4.59)
660:(3.55)
655:(4.76)
650:(4.29)
645:(5.16)
635:(38.9)
630:(45.5)
625:(41.2)
620:(38.5)
615:(34.9)
610:(31.3)
605:(29.3)
600:(30.4)
595:(35.8)
590:(39.9)
585:(44.4)
580:(47.3)
575:(47.7)
565:(48.8)
560:(55.8)
555:(51.4)
550:(48.2)
545:(44.2)
540:(40.6)
535:(38.7)
530:(39.4)
525:(44.8)
520:(49.8)
515:(55.2)
510:(58.6)
505:(58.8)
495:(58.8)
490:(66.0)
485:(61.7)
480:(58.1)
475:(53.8)
470:(50.0)
465:(48.0)
460:(48.4)
455:(53.8)
450:(59.7)
445:(66.0)
440:(70.2)
435:(70.2)
373:Climate
367:breccia
327:Geology
1230:19 May
1226:. NIWA
1059:
1051:
843:
386:Month
340:graben
293:Īhenga
278:Maketu
1154:(PDF)
1057:S2CID
754:Notes
698:150.7
693:149.6
688:167.8
683:154.3
678:139.0
673:104.0
668:159.2
663:116.5
653:121.0
648:108.9
643:131.0
425:Year
297:Māori
175:Basin
1232:2024
1049:ISSN
898:2012
841:ISBN
809:2023
658:90.1
608:−0.4
603:−1.5
598:−0.9
558:13.2
553:10.8
513:12.9
508:14.8
503:14.9
493:14.9
488:18.9
483:16.5
478:14.5
473:12.1
468:10.0
453:12.1
448:15.4
443:18.9
438:21.2
433:21.2
422:Dec
419:Nov
416:Oct
413:Sep
410:Aug
407:Jul
404:Jun
401:May
398:Apr
395:Mar
392:Feb
389:Jan
315:The
149:Type
1193:doi
1166:doi
1132:doi
1120:139
1088:doi
1084:202
1039:hdl
1031:doi
1019:434
798:doi
633:3.8
628:7.5
623:5.1
618:3.6
613:1.6
593:2.1
588:4.4
583:6.9
578:8.5
573:8.7
563:9.3
548:9.0
543:6.8
538:4.8
533:3.7
528:4.1
523:7.1
518:9.9
463:8.9
458:9.1
1248::
1189:45
1187:.
1162:33
1160:.
1156:.
1130:.
1118:.
1114:.
1102:^
1082:.
1078:.
1055:.
1047:.
1037:.
1029:.
1017:.
1013:.
1001:^
867:.
863:.
817:^
796:.
792:.
369:.
280:.
101:,
97:,
1234:.
1199:.
1195::
1172:.
1168::
1138:.
1134::
1126::
1096:.
1090::
1063:.
1041::
1033::
1025::
995:.
970:.
950:.
925:.
900:.
877:.
849:.
811:.
800::
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
