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carbon, which was not accounted for and would have made the date appear too old. The current best estimates for the age of the
Laacher See eruption are 12,880 ± 40 years BP or 13,006 ± 9 calibrated years before present, depending on whether the radiocarbon date was affected by magmatic carbon dioxide. If the date was affected by magmatic carbon dioxide, the Laacher See eruption would then have occurred immediately before the onset of the Younger Dryas Event, and could have acted as a trigger. If the radiocarbon-derived date of 13,006 calibrated years before present is correct, the Laacher See eruption may have still affected climate as part of a large cluster of volcanic events happening in the 130 years immediately before the event, though it would not have immediately preceded the event.
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599:. Near the crater, deposits reach over fifty metres in thickness, and even five kilometres away they are still ten metres thick. All plants and animals for a distance of about sixty kilometres to the northeast and forty kilometres to the southeast must have been wiped out. An estimated 6 km (1.4 cu mi) of
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that appeared to coincide with the time of the
Laacher See eruption. A new radiocarbon date for the eruption, published in 2021, suggested that the Younger Dryas began about 130 years after the eruption, though this new date was challenged as having perhaps been affected by radiocarbon dead magmatic
590:
The initial blasts of
Laacher See, which took place in late spring or early summer at around 11,000 BC, flattened trees up to four kilometres away. The magma opened a route to the surface that erupted for about ten hours, with the plume probably reaching a height of 35 kilometres. Activity continued
681:
of southern
Scandinavia and the Perstunian of northeast Europe emerged. These cultures had a lower level of toolmaking skills than the Federmesser, particularly the Bromme who appear to have lost the bow and arrow technology. In Riede's view the decline was a result of the disruption caused by the
618:
Tephra deposits from the eruption dammed the Rhine, creating a 140 km (50 sq mi) lake. When the dam broke, an outburst flood swept downstream, leaving deposits as far away as Bonn. The fallout has been identified in an area of more than 300,000 square kilometres, stretching from
673:, were disrupted. Before the eruption, they were a sparsely distributed people who subsisted by foraging and hunting, using both spears and bows and arrows. According to archaeologist Felix Riede, after the eruption the area most affected by the fallout, the
77:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
852:
Reinig, Frederick; Wacker, Lukas; Jöris, Olaf; Oppenheimer, Clive; Guidobaldi, Giulia; Nievergelt, Daniel; et al. (30 June 2021). "Precise date for the
Laacher See eruption synchronizes the Younger Dryas".
668:
The wider effects of the eruption were limited, amounting to several years of cold summers and up to two decades of environmental disruption in
Germany. However, the lives of the local population, known as the
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The lake has no natural outlet but is drained by a tunnel dug before 1170 and rebuilt several times since. It is named for
Fulbert, abbot of the monastery from 1152–1177, who is believed to have built it.
1004:
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central France to northern Italy and from southern Sweden to Poland, making it an invaluable tool for chronological correlation of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental layers across the area.
1536:
Martin Hensch, etal.: Deep low-frequency earthquakes reveal ongoing magmatic recharge beneath
Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, Germany). Geophys. J. Int. (2019) 216, 2025–2036 doi:10.1093/gji/ggy532
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756:
de Klerk, Pim; et al. (2008). "Environmental impact of the
Laacher See eruption at a large distance from the volcano: Integrated palaeoecological studies from Vorpommern (NE Germany)".
1039:
Baales, Michael; Jöris, Olaf; Street, Martin; Bittmann, Felix; et al. (November 2002). "Impact of the Late
Glacial Eruption of the Laacher See Volcano, Central Rhineland, Germany".
1370:"Structure and Dynamics of the Laacher See Magma Chamber (Eifel, Germany) from Major and Trace Element Zoning in Sanidine: a Cathodoluminescence and Electron Microprobe Study"
526:
The lake is oval in shape and surrounded by high banks. The lava was quarried for millstones from the Roman period until the introduction of iron rollers for grinding grain.
63:
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Baldini, James U. L.; Brown, Richard J.; Wadsworth, Fabian B.; Paine, Alice R.; Campbell, Jack W.; Green, Charlotte E.; Mawdsley, Natasha; Baldini, Lisa M. (5 July 2023).
1142:
Reinig, Frederick; Wacker, Lukas; Jöris, Olaf; Oppenheimer, Clive; et al. (30 June 2021). "Precise date for the Laacher See eruption synchronizes the Younger Dryas".
1011:, "Thera and the Aegean World III", Volume Two: "Earth Sciences", Proceedings of the Third International Congress, Santorini, Greece, 3–9 September 1989. pp. 463–485.
1289:
Abbott, P.M.; Niemeier, U.; Timmreck, C.; Riede, F.; McConnell, J.R.; Severi, M.; Fischer, H.; Svensson, A.; Toohey, M.; Reinig, F.; Sigl, M. (December 2021).
1001:
791:
Bogaard, Paul van den (1995). "Ar/Ar ages of sanidine phenocrysts from Laacher See Tephra (12,900 yr BP): Chronostratigraphic and petrological significance".
677:
occupied by the Federmesser, appears to have been largely depopulated, whereas populations in southwest Germany and France increased. Two new cultures, the
1510:
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Michael W. Förster, Frank Sirocko: Volcanic activity in the Eifel during the last 500,000 years: The ELSA-Tephra-Stack .Global and Planetary Change (2016)
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Park, Cornelia; Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich (1997). "Lake Formation and Catastrophic Dam Burst during the Late Pleistocene Laacher See Eruption (Germany)".
897:
firmly date the to 13,006 ± 9 calibrated years before present (BP; taken as AD 1950), which is more than a century earlier than previously accepted.
80:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
162:
966:; Park, Cornelia; Harms, Eduard (1999). "Evolution and environmental impacts of the eruption of Laacher See Volcano (Germany) 12,900 a BP".
252:
826:
1244:"High resolution sediment and vegetation responses to Younger Dryas climate change in varved lake sediments from Meerfelder Maar, Germany"
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Riede, Felix (2008). "The Laacher See-eruption (12,920 BP) and material culture change at the end of the Allerød in Northern Europe".
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Hensch, Martin; Dahm, Torsten; Ritter, Joachim; Heimann, Sebastian; Schmidt, Bernd; Stange, Stefan; Lehmann, Klaus (2019).
17:
1291:"Volcanic climate forcing preceding the inception of the Younger Dryas: Implications for tracing the Laacher See eruption"
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Brauer, Achim; Endres, Christoph; Günter, Christina; Litt, Thomas; Stebich, Martina; Negendank, Jörg F.W. (March 1999).
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1092:"Evaluating the link between the sulfur-rich Laacher See volcanic eruption and the Younger Dryas climate anomaly"
583:. Yet, the Eifel volcanism, which started in the East Eifel volcanic field around 450,000 BC, is the result of a
827:"Geo-Education and Geopark Implementation in the Vulkaneifel European Geopark/Vulkanland Eifel National Geopark"
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1471:"Deep low-frequency earthquakes reveal ongoing magmatic recharge beneath Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, Germany)"
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Continuous event display of the 10 most recent registered seismic activities measured from the Laacher See
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Volcanism in Germany can be traced back for millions of years, related to the development of the
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Evolution of Complex Plinian Eruptions: the Late Quarternary (sic) Laacher See Case History
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Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands
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Baldini, James U. L.; Brown, Richard J.; Mawdsley, Natasha (4 July 2018).
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1197:"Possible magmatic CO2 influence on the Laacher See eruption date"
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Apokalypse im Rheintal (Cornelia Park und Hans-Ulrich Schmincke)
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P.v.d. Bogaard, H.-U. Schmincke, A. Freundt and C. Park (1989).
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erupted, producing around 16 km (3.8 cu mi) of
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Ginibre, Catherine; Wörner, Gerhard; Kronz, Andreas (2004).
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that covered valleys up to ten kilometres away with sticky
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829:. The Geological Society of America. 2011. Archived from
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Volcanic caldera lake in Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate
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The eruption was discussed as a possible cause for the
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Younger Dryas § Laacher See eruption hypothesis
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511:on the southeastern shore of the lake is a sign of
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
634:Topographic map of the vicinity of the Laacher See
758:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
642:Map of regions in the vicinity of the Laacher See
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1526:(in German), Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, p. 28
1363:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 1.
572:, which was caused by the collision between the
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918:(2010 ed.). Echo Library. pp. 73–74.
455:with a diameter of 2 km (1.2 mi) in
95:accompanying your translation by providing an
57:Click for important translation instructions.
44:expand this article with text translated from
463:, about 24 km (15 mi) northwest of
664:on the southeastern shore of the Laacher See
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499:(VEI) of 6, on the same scale as the
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793:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
479:mountain range, and is part of the
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383:1.03 km (0.25 cu mi)
359:3.31 km (1.28 sq mi)
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932:from the original on 28 April 2022
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1516:Nixdorf, B.; et al. (2004),
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1475:Geophysical Journal International
1442:Journal of Archaeological Science
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188:Show map of Rhineland-Palatinate
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727:Eruptions that Shook the World
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105:You may also add the template
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1557:Lakes of Rhineland-Palatinate
1268:10.1016/s0277-3791(98)00084-5
988:10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00017-8
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570:European Cenozoic Rift System
529:On the western side lies the
351:1.186 km (0.737 mi)
343:1.964 km (1.220 mi)
107:{{Translated|de|Laacher See}}
813:10.1016/0012-821X(95)00066-L
778:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.09.013
704:List of volcanoes in Germany
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915:Volcanoes: Past and Present
723:Oppenheimer, Clive (2011).
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626:Panorama of the Laacher See
554:Count Palatine of the Rhine
491:approximately 13,000 years
487:. The lake was formed by a
150:View of the caldera volcano
10:
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1295:Quaternary Science Reviews
1248:Quaternary Science Reviews
1213:10.1038/s41586-023-05965-1
1166:10.1038/S41586-021-03608-X
877:10.1038/S41586-021-03608-X
650:
613:Volcanic Explosivity Index
497:Volcanic Explosivity Index
420:not a well-defined measure
69:Machine translation, like
1602:Endorheic lakes of Europe
1462:10.1016/j.jas.2007.05.007
647:Aftermath of the eruption
501:Pinatubo eruption of 1991
481:East Eifel volcanic field
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1395:10.1093/petrology/egh053
1029:Oppenheimer, pp. 217–222
968:Quaternary International
950:Oppenheimer, pp. 216–218
399:275 m (902 ft)
1360:Encyclopædia Britannica
805:1995E&PSL.133..163V
375:51 m (167 ft)
367:31 m (102 ft)
318:Fulbert-Stollen (canal)
116:For more guidance, see
1117:10.5194/cp-14-969-2018
1061:10.1006/qres.2002.2379
964:Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich
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544:), founded in 1093 by
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1577:Volcanic crater lakes
1425:10.1007/s001140050438
682:Laacher See volcano.
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433:German pronunciation:
218:Laacher See (Germany)
118:Knowledge:Translation
89:copyright attribution
1592:Pleistocene calderas
1567:Volcanoes of Germany
1374:Journal of Petrology
1020:Oppenheimer, p. 218.
1007:19 July 2011 at the
593:pyroclastic currents
457:Rhineland-Palatinate
437:[ˈlaːxɐˈzeː]
268:50.41250°N 7.27000°E
239:Rhineland-Palatinate
18:Laacher See eruption
1487:2019GeoJI.216.2025H
1454:2008JArSc..35..591R
1417:1997NW.....84..521P
1405:Naturwissenschaften
1386:2004JPet...45.2197G
1354:"Laacher See"
1307:2021QSRv..27407260A
1260:1999QSRv...18..321B
1158:2021Natur.595...66R
1108:2018CliPa..14..969B
1096:Climate of the Past
1053:2002QuRes..58..273B
1041:Quaternary Research
980:1999QuInt..61...61S
869:2021Natur.595...66R
770:2008PPP...270..196D
671:Federmesser culture
550:House of Luxembourg
264: /
221:Show map of Germany
1572:Calderas of Europe
1496:10.1093/gji/ggy532
833:on 13 January 2019
666:
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505:volcanic discharge
483:within the larger
97:interlanguage link
1597:Dormant volcanoes
1587:Hotspot volcanoes
1380:(11): 2197–2223.
742:978-0-521-64112-8
546:Henry II of Laach
534:Maria Laach Abbey
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388:Shore length
380:Water volume
356:Surface area
293:caldera lake
182:Location in
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93:edit summary
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611:thus had a
531:Benedictine
522:Description
429:Laacher See
340:Max. length
271: /
246:Coordinates
212:Laacher See
176:Laacher See
139:Laacher See
53:(July 2021)
1551:Categories
1301:: 107260.
1182:Q107389873
936:2 December
893:Q107389873
710:References
651:See also:
446:Laach Lake
442:Lake Laach
372:Max. depth
348:Max. width
259:07°16′12″E
256:50°24′45″N
1335:0277-3791
1276:0277-3791
1221:0028-0836
1174:1476-4687
1126:1814-9332
1069:0033-5894
885:1476-4687
837:8 January
516:volcanism
473:Andernach
235:Ahrweiler
111:talk page
48:in German
1433:36411187
1229:37407686
1178:Wikidata
1077:53973827
1005:Archived
930:Archived
912:(1892).
889:Wikidata
698:See also
662:Mofettas
578:Eurasian
552:, first
509:mofettas
450:volcanic
290:Volcanic
231:Location
87:provide
1483:Bibcode
1450:Bibcode
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1154:Bibcode
1104:Bibcode
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976:Bibcode
865:Bibcode
801:Bibcode
766:Bibcode
585:hotspot
574:African
548:of the
513:dormant
495:with a
465:Koblenz
461:Germany
448:, is a
409:Islands
330:Germany
184:Germany
109:to the
91:in the
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856:Nature
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735:–217.
679:Bromme
605:tephra
597:tephra
581:plates
503:. The
1562:Eifel
1543:(PDF)
1429:S2CID
1073:S2CID
601:magma
477:Eifel
324:Basin
71:DeepL
1331:ISSN
1272:ISSN
1225:PMID
1217:ISSN
1170:ISSN
1122:ISSN
1065:ISSN
938:2021
920:ISBN
881:ISSN
839:2013
737:ISBN
576:and
469:Bonn
413:None
306:None
285:Type
85:must
83:You
64:View
1491:doi
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1390:doi
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