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and spent about a year and a half improving the design. According to
Shankar, “It was not easy to get anyone to take my violin seriously until I crafted one myself putting it together piece by piece and then suddenly they responded”. He and Parker spent hours testing various materials and forms and he made sure that both necks were equally strong to avoid a tendency to predominantly play on only one. Also known as the LSD (L.Shankar's Double violin), the lower neck covers the double bass and cello range and the upper neck generates treble sounds; the violin and viola. In addition to providing a wide range of 5 ½ octaves, playing on one neck produces a sympathetic effect on the other. The horizontal rib can be positioned beneath the chin or supported against the chest (Indian style) while playing.
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Having a vocal range of 5 1/2 octaves
Shankar often emphasizes the importance of vocal training in addition to learning an instrument to better grasp the ornamentation in Indian music. He said, "If you learn vocals and instruments and get an all-round education in music, it makes you a better performer". He received his first violin at the age of 5 and when he began playing the violin, the lines he practiced were vocal melodies he had learned. At the age of 7, he gave his first public concert during a festival at the Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna.
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performing regularly on national television and recorded several albums. His early success and his improvisational ingenuity is often credited to his consistent discipline and demanding practice routine for hours. He said "father used to get up around 4:00 AM and wake us up. He'd practiced with us for an hour or more. We went to school at 7:30 but when we returned at 1:30 father was waiting for us with another lesson. After dinner we'd all get together and have a kind of jam session.”
756:, pioneered the trend of sibling ensembles performing Carnatic music. Prior to that, Carnatic violin had been primarily a solo instrument or used as an accompaniment in vocal concerts. They began performing together as the "Violin Trio". Although this approach was initially criticized by traditionalists, their music gained immense popularity in India and ultimately spread worldwide during the 1970s. They recorded several albums as the Violin Trio.
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classical performance as well as versatility in pop and jazz genres. Shankar stated that “I suppose what matters is not the violin but how you play it. Without that effort your violin will never learn to speak and 20 strings will make no difference”. To date, Shankar has commissioned four different versions of the double violin, with the latest edition crafted by luthier John Jordan and released in 2023.
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percussion and the second accompanied by Zakir
Hussain on tabla and Vikku Vinayakram on ghatam. According to ECM Reviewer, Tyron Grillo describes Shankar's playing as “a language of the utmost depth and beauty” and that while traditionalists in the Carnatic music sphere may find Shankar's modern touches unconventional, “the music soars in ways that far outsoar its criticism.” In 1995, Shankar released
685:. He taught McLaughlin ragas, rhythms and ornamentation and in turn learnt about harmony and jazz Shakti received overwhelming critical acclaim. According to Naresh of Man's World magazine, Shankar's compositions in Shakti, were praised for their innovativeness and “for how effortlessly they projected his very own voice.”
915:. The album was produced in England, featuring a British rhythm section. Most of the compositions were Shankar's, while Zappa handled the arrangements and wrote the lyrics that were included in the album. According to Zappa, “it's got a lot of stuff that's' definitely going to hit the radio right where it lives.”
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In the 1980s, Shankar released several albums under the ECM label, his first being "Who’s To Know," featuring his double violin and accompanied by
Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman on mridangam and Zakir Hussain on tabla. According to ECM reviewer, Tyran Grillo, the album “will ever remain an ECM jewel” owing
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that is reassuringly easy to listen to. According to J.D. Considine from The
Washington Post, Shankar's “solo recordings avoid entirely the excesses of fusion jazz” and instead, “pursue a plangent serenity… that suggests a transcendence unheard in jazz.” ‘Song for Everyone’ was released in 1985 and
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Due to the instrument's greater angle, the bowing was different and
Shankar incorporated new techniques including playing on both necks simultaneously. According to him, “It’s musically more satisfying”. The double violin is capable of replicating a full orchestra's effect, allowing for traditional
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was a renowned
Carnatic vocalist and violinist and his mother L. Seetalakshmi was a trained singer and played the veena. Considered as a child prodigy, Shankar began vocal training with his father at the age of two. Within a year, he was able to hum complex lines of traditional Indian compositions.
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The concept for the double violin originated in 1978, after producing his album by Zappa
Records where Shankar had to overdub a wide range of string instruments as he was unable to find session musicians who could render the Indian ornaments and styles he wanted. He made a prototype with cardboard
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Shankar was encouraged by his father to absorb influences from the
Northern Indian music traditions as well as Southern Indian traditions. According to Shankar "there is not one music that is superior to another – just different ways of expressing the beauty of our culture.” He was also advised to
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Apart from singing and playing the violin, he pursued professional mridangam playing until the age of 12. He said "my father really insisted that besides learning your melodic instrument, you also learn percussion". However, he had to discontinue at his father's suggestion when he began to develop
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peaked at No.9 on the
Billboard top ten world music charts for three consecutive months – making it the first traditional Indian record ever hit those charts. The album consists of two tracks, the first is the rendition of ragam “Sankarabharanam" on the double violin and vocal without
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and learnt the music systems of different cultures. According to Shankar, “Music is universal, it connects all races, religions and ages. It's the only language everyone can understand and feel”. Shankar had always been open to experimentation in music. He said that from a young age, he perceived
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Shankar gained considerable reputation across India in his early youth as an accompanist and filled in for some of the most eminent names in Carnatic music often performing solo concerts that lasted between two and three hours. By the age of 17, Shankar had become a highly sought-after violinist,
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In spite of his early success as a musician, Shankar faced pressure from his family to have a fall back career as an engineer. He obtained a B.S. in physics from India and his father tried to acquire an engineering seat for him. Shankar, however, believed that music was his true calling. He even
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in 1978 while they were both working at a pop festival in Germany and during a casual jam session, Zappa extended an invitation for him to play with his band in New York. Following the dissolution of Shakti, Shankar toured briefly with Zappa, which resulted in him signing the violinist to his
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and the second annual World Peace Music Awards in San Francisco's Civic Center Plaza, to benefit all the orphans of war and terrorism. In September 2004, he received the World Peace Music Award and in that same year, he composed and performed vocals and double violins on Mel Gibson's
985:(1989) under the pop/rock group The Epidemics ( previously known as Sadhu, after his pet rabbit) In 1987, the three former members of Shakti - Shankar, Zakir, and Vikku undertook a brief tour as Peshkar with Larry Coryell in Britain. Concurrently, Shankar joined
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in 1958, their house was raided and set ablaze. The family fled Sri Lanka, leaving everything behind and returned to Madras, India. In that year, Shankar and his two older brothers formed the Violin Trio which "made history in 20th century Carnatic music" scene.
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in 1972. His understanding of the Western music system and having the “sensitivity, the control, the feeling, and the knowledge” of classical Indian enabled the representation of the East/West blend in music that led to the founding of the group
450:. Known for his innovative contributions to world music, he is often regarded as one of the pioneers of East- West fusion, blending the rich traditions of Indian classical with Western genres such as jazz, rock, and electronic music.
538:. As an acclaimed musician, Shankar is ranked amongst the greatest violinists of popular music by Digital Dream Door. His extensive body of work spans a wide spectrum of genres, encompassing vocal and instrumental compositions.
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The group disbanded in 1978 and as Shankar put it, ‘I felt enough time wasn’t given to rehearsals and I wanted to do it right’. During this period, Shankar took on the role of playing the electric violin and toured alongside
1038:, a critically acclaimed rendition of ragam “Abheri”, featuring his original composition set in a 9 1/2 beat cycle. Within the same year, the album garnered a Grammy Award nomination in the "Best World Music Album" category.
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music visually and often compared it to the colors in an artwork. He said “I’ve tried to combine different traditions…musical styles are like colors in painting: there are so many things you can do with them”.
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on guitar, R. Raghavan on mridangam, Mahalakshmi Eve McLaughlin (tamboura) and Tanima (shruti box). Before Shakti became known under this name, they were called Turiyananda Sangit, a name given to them by
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465:(known as the LSD - L.Shankar Double Violin), which covers the orchestral string family's range. In 1990, Shankar's talam-bending (time cycles of 9 3/4 & 6 3/4 beats) Pancha Nadai Pallavi
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was added on ghatam for the remainder of those Shakti days. Shankar co-wrote all of the group's material with John McLaughlin, resulting in the release of three world music albums:
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was later added on tabla and the name was changed to Shakti as the band members wanted a name that “listeners in the West could relate to” Raghavan didn't stay with the project and
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shows in Spain and toured globally, performing in several humanitarian events including The Concert for Global Harmony, Fiddlefest (a benefit for the Harlem Center For Strings) and
1005:. The performances, which took place on August 1 and 2, collectively attracted an audience of nearly 30,000. These events were preserved through live recordings with Sony releasing
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Shankar was among the early pioneers in the 70s who introduced South Indian music to a Western audience that was more accustomed to North Indian music at that time. He often merged
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Initially, Shankar had entered into a 10-album deal with Zappa Records. However, a conflict between the distributors and Zappa led to the eventual termination of the agreement.
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become familiar with Western classical music and had been exposed to various Western genres such as rock and pop music since his early teens. At Wesleyan University, he studied
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Shankar was born in Madras, India, on 26 April 1950 as the sixth child into a family of musicians. His three sisters studied vocal music whereas Shankar and his two brothers -
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styles in his performances and collaborated with jazz musicians to bridge the gap between Eastern and Western music traditions. His early American recording sessions were on
876:, alongside Zakir Hussain & TH Vikku Vinakaram. Coryell filled in when McLaughlin had injured one of his playing fingers. Shakti regrouped again in 1997 under the name
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Since 1980, Shankar has been using a 10-string, stereophonic double-necked electric violin for all his performances and recordings which he designed and had it made by
951:’, accompanied by saxophonist Jan Garbarek and trumpeter Palle Mikkelborg. In an AllMusic review, Richard S. Ginell describes the album as "an ethereal tour-de-force”
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remains the most memorable among his ECM releases. According to Shankar, “It is a highlight that stays with me, the melodies keep coming up in my playing”.
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813:(1977). According to Lee Underwood, Downbeat music magazine critic, "All three are masterpieces, of which the deeply moving and technically astonishing
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and recorded eight songs of which five were picked for the movie. Additionally, he collaborated on the original score for NBC's hit TV series
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top ten world music chart for three months becoming the first traditional Indian record to reach those heights. His 1995
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in the position. The experience led to Zappa producing and contributing lyrics for his debut 1979 American solo album,
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1064:(2004). Shankar wrote ‘Palaces' as a song dedicated to children worldwide. The song was performed in Peter Gabriel’s
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label. As per Zappa, “The reason I wanted to sign him is because I like the way he plays”. In 1979, they released '
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standard to gauge the playing and composing abilities of any world musician following in Shakti's expansive wake
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2018:
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to Shankar's signature style and melodic sensibility. In 1984, Shankar released his second ECM album, ‘
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In 1982 during the brief Shakti Reunion tour in India, Shankar (on the double violin) performed with
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L.Shankar & Ramnad V. Raghavan performed South Indian Classical music in Summergarden, NY 1975
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907:,' an album that featured Shankar's electric five-string violin and vocals alongside guitarist
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Violin Trio: L Vaidyanathan, L Subramaniam and L Shankar with Palghat Mani Iyer on mridangam.
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Turiyananda Sangit - performed on March 16, 1975, at St. Thomas Episcopal Church in New York
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1602:"How Jonathan Davis became "a 400-year-old vampire" to write songs for Queen Of The Damned"
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Frank Zappa & L Shankar during the production of "Touch Me There" by Zappa Records
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Years given are for the recording(s), not first release, unless stated otherwise.
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in order not to secure admission and was delighted when the results favored him.
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and moved to the US. He performed regularly on campus while pursuing a PhD in
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From left: Zakir Hussain, Manfred Eicher, L.Shankar, Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
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919:“Shankar's probably the best violinist in the world; he's really incredible.”
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of Stuyvesant Sound in New York. The instrument made its debut in 1981 on
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L. Shankar (aged 13) recorded in 1963 by Films Division for a documentary.
2410:"Celestial Body - Lakshminarayana Shankar | Songs, Reviews, Credits"
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Shankar released several Indian classical albums in the 1990s including
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were trained in both vocal music as well as violin playing. His father
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1009:(1987) and Celluloid Records presenting SXL Into the Outlands (1987).
1993:"Q&A with legendary electric violinist & vocalist L. Shankar"
1903:"Ph.D. Dissertations in Ethnomusicology, Music - Wesleyan University"
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The original line-up, formed in 1973 consisted of Shankar on violin,
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on keyboards, and Tony Smith on drums, to record the studio album,
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989:, a jazz fusion collective initiated in the same year by composer
1754:"The doctor who became the international face of Carnatic violin"
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993:. This ensemble featured a core group of musicians, including
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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1938:"Interview: L. Shankar - Shakti's Music is Shakti's Music"
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1980 - 1985: Who’s To Know, Vision & Song For Everyone
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will stand tall in recorded history for decades to come.”
784:, literally translated as 'the pinnacle delight in music’
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1467:""The double necked violin has a full orchestral range""
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From the BBC documentary, Bombay and All that Jazz, 1992
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1967:"L. Shanker - World renowned violinist & vocalist"
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518:. He also worked on the soundtrack for the 2002 film
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Shankar’s band collaborated in Peter Gabriel's 1995
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Shakti performing with Larry Coryell, in India, 1982
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1990 - 1995: Classical solo albums & Raga Aberi
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2430:"BBC World Service - The Documentary, Bombay Jazz"
971:Between 1986 and 1989, Shankar released 3 albums:
644:L Shankar with McLaughlin's One Truth Band in 1978
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602:In 1969, he was offered a teaching position at
2142:"Grammy winner returns to his 'best' audience"
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959:1986 - 1989: The Epidemics and other ventures
882:. However, the new line-up excluded Shankar.
844:In 1979, Shankar briefly joined McLaughlin's
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824:Frank Zappa & L. Shankar in Berlin, 1978
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441:, singer and composer who also goes by the
19:For the Hindustani classical vocalist, see
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2498:
2359:"SHANKAR: PANCHA NADAI PALLAVI (ECM 1407)"
1628:"The Greatest Violinists of Popular Music"
514:for Instrumental Album of the Year at the
502:(1988), and wrote and performed vocals on
481:, in the Best World Music Album category.
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67:about living persons that is unsourced or
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1044:1995 - 2006: WOMAD & Special projects
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
2275:"L. Shankar's World of Violin and Voice"
2087:"L.Shankar: A violinist of rare quality"
1964:
1878:"A journey that began with 108 coconuts"
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488:, he worked on the Grammy winning album
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1990:
1652:Sankaranarayanan, S (6 November 2014).
762:(formerly known as Turiyananda Sangeet)
722:L.Shankar in Milano (Teatre Ciak), 1990
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2455:"Bombay and Jazz – A documentary 1992"
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2016:
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1721:"WBTG - Reviews: Dr. L. Shankar Talks"
1390:(1994) (double violin, backing vocals)
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431:(born 26 April 1950), better known as
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2166:Kusnur, Narendra (24 February 2017).
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886:1979: Touch Me There by Zappa Records
707:, as well as on Shankar's own album,
461:”. He is credited with inventing the
453:His world music albums with the band
16:Indian violinist, singer and composer
2301:"Shankar: Who's to Know' (ECM 1195)"
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1991:Limnios, Michael (14 October 2021).
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1465:Ferreira, Verus (14 November 2014).
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2247:Branton, Michael (5 October 1979).
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1689:Fernandes, Naresh (20 March 2018).
1148:For a more comprehensive list, see
595:vowed to break 108 coconuts at the
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2891:Jonathan Davis and the SFA members
2299:Grillo, Tyran (11 February 2010).
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2111:Sarkar, Avijit (6 December 2004).
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1506:Underwood, Lee (2 November 1978).
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1029:(1990) and Raga Aberi (1995). His
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1935:
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1060:(2001) and the world music album
748:Shankar, along with his brothers
492:(1989), the soundtrack album for
2085:Menon, Raghava (30 April 1984).
2017:Palmer, Robert (11 April 1979).
1845:"Shankar - Ultimate Eurythmics:"
1781:Dongre, Archana (1 March 2001).
1084:Shankar has also performed with
542:Early life, family and education
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2328:Considine, J.D (25 July 1984).
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2273:Lint, Mark (19 February 2022).
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1984:
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1408:(2006–2009, TV series) (vocals)
1384:Bombay Jazz (1992, documentary)
457:during the mid-70s became the ‘
346:XDot25/Orchard/Sony Music Group
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2357:Grillo, Tyran (4 April 2012).
2221:Forte, Dan (1 November 1979).
1936:R, Varadarajan (1 July 1984).
1818:Schaefar, John (August 1985).
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1432:The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz
1402:(2004) (vocals, double violin)
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610:, which he completed in 1974.
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2871:20th-century Indian composers
2140:Basu, Rith (6 January 2019).
1876:Menon, Priya (14 July 2019).
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1396:(film) (2002) (double violin)
1379:The Last Temptation of Christ
924:BAM Magazine, October 5, 1979
628:Cross-cultural Collaborations
613:
566:Young L. Shankar on mridangam
499:The Last Temptation of Christ
2051:Pietaro, John (April 2022).
1849:Ultimate Eurythmics Archives
1752:Sai, Veejai (23 July 2016).
194:L. Shankar, Shankar, Shenkar
45:biography of a living person
7:
2886:21st-century male musicians
2881:20th-century male musicians
2053:"Artist Feature: L.Shankar"
1654:"A Birth Centenary Tribute"
1574:"38th Annual GRAMMY Awards"
797:Shakti with John McLaughlin
508:'The Passion of the Christ'
463:stereophonic double violin
72:must be removed immediately
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2856:Wesleyan University alumni
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2192:Denyer, Ralph (May 1979).
2060:Robert Browning Associates
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477:album was nominated for a
382:Jonathan Davis and the SFA
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2168:"Farewell, Larry Coryell"
1965:WebIndia (6 March 2015).
1400:The Passion of the Christ
1071:The Passion of the Christ
922:— Frank Zappa,
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2794:Saturday Night in Bombay
2459:Bluerhythm.wordpress.com
1820:"New Sounds: L. Shankar"
736:1960s - 1975 Violin Trio
701:' acclaimed solo album,
2876:21st-century violinists
2249:"Frank Zappa Interview"
2223:"Frank Zappa interview"
2113:"Shankar & Gingger"
2019:"Violinist: L. Shankar"
1073:, along with composers
571:calluses on his hands.
429:Shankar Lakshminarayana
184:Shankar Lakshminarayana
2279:Nakedly Examined Music
1691:"Shankar's New Avatar"
1548:"Bowing Into Infinity"
1381:(1988) (double violin)
1150:L. Shankar discography
999:Ronald Shannon Jackson
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848:, which also included
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174:Background information
59:Please help by adding
23:. For other uses, see
2896:Shakti (band) members
2866:Indian rock musicians
2841:Jazz fusion musicians
2831:Indian male composers
2384:"Shankar and Gingger"
2330:"Jazz With an Accent"
1783:"Visionary Violinist"
1196:Violin Ecstasy (1978)
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673:Communication Network
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1632:digitaldreamdoor.com
1508:"Profile: L.Shankar"
1366:Christmas from India
1258:Pancha Nadai Pallavi
1031:Pancha Nadai Pallavi
1023:Pancha Nadai Pallavi
792:TH Vikku Vinayakaram
760:1973 - 1978: Shakti
516:36th GMA Dove Awards
156:L. Shankar (Shenkar)
65:Contentious material
2861:ECM Records artists
2826:Carnatic violinists
2718:A Handful of Beauty
2334:The Washington Post
2198:Sound International
2146:The Telegraph India
1437:Guinness Publishing
1394:Queen of the damned
1174:A Handful of Beauty
803:A Handful of Beauty
689:Double Violin (LSD)
604:Wesleyan University
597:Luz Pillayar Temple
520:Queen of the Damned
510:(2004) which won a
168:L Shankar (Shenkar)
2901:SXL (band) members
2677:Ganesh Rajagopalan
2023:The New York Times
1882:The Times Of India
1435:(First ed.).
969:
944:
896:
870:
826:
773:
746:
724:
646:
638:
588:
568:
556:V. Lakshminarayana
292:electric violinist
2836:Indian violinists
2808:
2807:
2800:
2788:
2663:Shankar Mahadevan
2607:
2606:
2587:Related articles:
2560:Song for Everyone
2390:. 6 December 2004
1388:Secret World Live
1313:
1225:Song for Everyone
1192:
1180:
1168:
1098:Bruce Springsteen
1066:Secret World Tour
1007:SXL Live in Japan
850:Fernando Saunders
815:Handful of Beauty
668:Clifford Thornton
469:album was on the
423:
422:
148:
147:
140:
122:
48:needs additional
2908:
2798:
2786:
2726:Natural Elements
2702:T. H. Vinayakram
2634:
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2500:
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2490:
2476:Official website
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1981:
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1907:www.wesleyan.edu
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1305:One in a Million
1240:Do What You Do (
1190:
1186:Natural Elements
1178:
1162:
1136:and The SFA and
1110:Stewart Copeland
1058:One in a Million
926:
859:Electric Dreams.
810:Natural Elements
536:Wendy & Lisa
419:
416:
331:
249:Progressive rock
244:Indian classical
212:
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129:
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61:reliable sources
38:
37:
30:
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2911:
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2851:Tamil musicians
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2774:Remember Shakti
2765:Remember Shakti
2758:
2739:
2706:
2697:Ramnad Raghavan
2656:John McLaughlin
2643:
2638:
2608:
2603:
2582:
2523:
2518:
2485:magazine (1978)
2472:
2467:
2466:
2461:. 12 June 2011.
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2015:
2011:
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1758:The News Minute
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1471:Music Unplugged
1463:
1454:
1447:
1439:. p. 356.
1424:
1420:
1415:
1375:
1360:Chepleeri Dream
1311:Gingger Shankar
1290:Enlightenment (
1153:
1146:
1046:
1015:
961:
936:
927:
921:
920:
888:
879:Remember Shakti
777:John McLaughlin
765:
750:L. Vaidyanathan
738:
733:
691:
683:John McLaughlin
681:with guitarist
630:
616:
608:ethnomusicology
544:
494:Martin Scorsese
437:, is an Indian
426:
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21:Lakshmi Shankar
17:
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2536:Touch Me There
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2517:
2516:
2509:
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2471:
2470:External links
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2388:Abstract Logix
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2117:Abstract Logix
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2009:
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1725:www.italway.it
1707:
1670:
1644:
1619:
1608:. 7 March 2022
1590:
1565:
1552:Hinduism Today
1520:
1483:
1452:
1445:
1429:, ed. (1992).
1417:
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1339:
1336:The Revelation
1333:
1327:
1321:
1318:Celestial Body
1315:
1302:
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1287:
1279:
1273:
1270:Nobody Told Me
1267:
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1213:
1205:
1201:Touch Me There
1197:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1145:
1142:
1134:Jonathan Davis
1062:Celestial Body
1054:Nelson Mandela
1045:
1042:
1019:Nobody Told Me
1014:
1011:
981:(1987), &
979:Do What You Do
960:
957:
935:
932:
918:
913:Simon Phillips
905:Touch Me There
887:
884:
846:One Truth Band
840:Touch Me There
835:Jean-Luc Ponty
764:
758:
754:L. Subramaniam
737:
734:
732:
729:
690:
687:
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524:Jonathan Davis
425:Musical artist
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69:poorly sourced
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2846:Living people
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2711:Studio albums
2709:
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2693:
2690:
2689:
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2670:Zakir Hussain
2667:
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2569:
2568:The Epidemics
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:Who's to Know
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
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2492:
2486:
2484:
2481:Article from
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2013:
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1788:
1787:HinduismToday
1784:
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1569:
1554:. 1 July 1991
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1446:0-85112-580-8
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1324:Open the Door
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1299:Eternal Light
1297:
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1276:Soul Searcher
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1250:
1249:Eye Catcher (
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1234:
1233:The Epidemics
1230:
1227:
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1211:
1210:
1209:Who's to Know
1206:
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1202:
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1118:Charly García
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1027:Soul Searcher
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:
974:The Epidemics
965:
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940:
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916:
914:
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883:
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874:Larry Coryell
866:
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833:, succeeding
832:
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788:Zakir Hussain
786:
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710:Who's to Know
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528:Richard Gibbs
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361:Zappa Records
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334:1960s–present
333:
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315:Double Violin
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211:(age 74)
209:26 April 1950
201:
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190:Also known as
187:
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128:November 2020
120:
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83:Find sources:
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56:
55:
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46:
41:
32:
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26:
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2792:
2782:The Believer
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2520:
2482:
2458:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:
2424:
2413:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2387:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:
2308:. Retrieved
2304:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2253:BAM Magazine
2252:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:
2201:. Retrieved
2197:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
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330:Years active
149:
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94:
87:"L. Shankar"
82:
71:
54:verification
47:
2821:1950 births
2744:Live albums
2734:This Moment
2594:Discography
2394:20 December
2363:ECM Reviews
2305:ECM Reviews
2258:15 December
2232:15 December
2203:15 December
2194:"2000 Mots"
2096:17 December
2091:India Today
1700:28 December
1663:15 December
1513:15 December
1373:Filmography
1191:with Shakti
1179:with Shakti
1144:Discography
1079:John Debney
983:Eye Catcher
909:Phil Palmer
900:Frank Zappa
831:Frank Zappa
782:Sri Chinmoy
621:world music
574:During the
552:Subramaniam
475:Raga Abheri
392:Frank Zappa
375:Formerly of
356:ECM Records
309:Instruments
283:Occupations
239:World music
2815:Categories
2692:L. Shankar
2576:Raga Aberi
2521:L. Shankar
2151:2 February
1947:24 January
1578:grammy.com
1413:References
1283:Raga Aberi
1114:John Waite
1086:Elton John
1036:Raga Aberi
995:Aïyb Dieng
704:Face Value
695:Ken Parker
654:Hindustani
614:Influences
512:Dove Award
504:Mel Gibson
443:stage name
434:L. Shankar
205:1950-04-26
180:Birth name
98:newspapers
2339:23 August
2284:23 August
2172:The Hindu
2122:6 January
2029:23 August
1792:23 August
1763:28 August
1695:Mansworld
1348:Transcend
1122:Steve Vai
1075:Jack Lenz
1003:SamulNori
852:on bass,
471:Billboard
439:violinist
351:Cleopatra
321:keyboards
50:citations
2799:released
2787:released
2483:DownBeat
2439:1 August
2415:AllMusic
2177:20 March
1997:Blues GR
1829:16 March
1476:16 March
1342:Champion
1330:In a Box
1314:) (2001)
1193:) (1977)
1181:) (1976)
1106:Yoko Ono
1025:(1990),
1021:(1990),
977:(1986),
806:(1976),
800:(1976),
650:Carnatic
415:lshankar
301:producer
298:arranger
295:lyricist
289:Vocalist
254:Pop rock
76:libelous
2310:4 March
2065:14 July
1612:3 March
1264:M.R.C.S
490:Passion
447:Shenkar
410:Website
264:New Age
217:, India
112:scholar
25:Shankar
2777:(1997)
2755:(1975)
2752:Shakti
2737:(2023)
2729:(1977)
2721:(1976)
2641:Shakti
2599:Shakti
2579:(1995)
2571:(1986)
2563:(1985)
2555:(1984)
2552:Vision
2547:(1980)
2539:(1979)
2528:Albums
2368:5 July
2002:7 June
1558:19 May
1443:
1406:Heroes
1368:(2021)
1362:(2020)
1356:(2019)
1350:(2015)
1344:(2014)
1338:(2013)
1332:(2012)
1326:(2007)
1320:(2004)
1301:(2000)
1286:(1995)
1278:(1990)
1272:(1990)
1266:(1989)
1260:(1989)
1236:(1986)
1228:(1985)
1220:(1984)
1217:Vision
1212:(1980)
1204:(1979)
1169:(1975)
1165:Shakti
1158:Shakti
949:Vision
731:Career
679:Shakti
652:&
532:Heroes
455:Shakti
397:Shakti
339:Labels
318:vocals
259:Fusion
232:Genres
222:Origin
215:Madras
114:
107:
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2789:2000)
2056:(PDF)
1976:7 May
1942:Sruti
1887:4 May
1658:Sruti
1309:with
1163:with
1138:Sting
1050:WOMAD
534:with
522:with
484:With
226:India
119:JSTOR
105:books
43:This
2441:2021
2396:2022
2370:2021
2341:2022
2312:2012
2286:2023
2260:2023
2234:2023
2205:2023
2179:2022
2153:2021
2124:2022
2098:2023
2067:2022
2031:2023
2004:2023
1978:2022
1949:2022
1914:2024
1889:2023
1856:2024
1831:2021
1824:SPIN
1794:2023
1765:2017
1732:2024
1702:2022
1665:2023
1639:2024
1614:2023
1585:2024
1560:2022
1515:2021
1478:2020
1441:ISBN
1292:1999
1251:1987
1242:1986
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752:and
666:and
550:and
526:and
417:.com
269:Rock
199:Born
91:news
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