872:
hardened. The armor plates protecting the secondary turrets were 102 millimeters (4 in) thick and were backed by two layers of 9-millimeter (0.35 in) mild steel. Their roofs had a total thickness of 39 millimeters (1.5 in), arranged in the same manner as the main-gun turrets. The outer wall of the casemates consisted of 102 millimeters of armor and the inner wall was 64 millimeters (2.5 in) of armor backed by two layers of 8-millimeter (0.31 in) plates. The forward end of the forward casemates formed part of a transverse bulkhead that had a total thickness of 120 millimeters (4.7 in). For the first time in a French ship, the
577:
26:
60:
775:. Their 45–54.9-kilogram (99–121 lb) shells were fired at muzzle velocities of 900 meters per second (3,000 ft/s) at a rate of three rounds per minute. At their maximum elevation of +15 degrees, the casemated guns had a range of 9,000 meters (9,800 yd) and the turret-mounted guns 10,800 meters (11,800 yd). The sisters carried 200 rounds for each gun. For defense against
804:. One pair was submerged and the other was above water, both firing on the broadside, and the last tube was above water in the stern. The ship carried sixteen torpedoes for them. Her sisters were not fitted with the above-water tubes and they only carried six torpedoes for their underwater tubes. The first two ships were provided with facilities to handle ten
871:
The main-gun turrets were protected by 138 millimeters (5.4 in) of armor, backed by two layers of 13-millimeter (0.51 in) mild steel plates, on their front and sides; their roofs consisted of three layers of 17-millimeter (0.67 in) mild steel plates, of which only the topmost layer was
851:
of 130-millimeter (5.1 in) armour that reduced to thicknesses of 80 millimeters at the bow and 70 millimeters at the stern. The plates tapered to 70–120 millimeters (2.8–4.7 in) at their upper edges, with the thinner plates being towards the ends of the ship. Above this was a
540:
and defeat the blockading squadron. Countering this with a distant blockade strategy would require the
British to keep their capital ships at home to react to any attempt by the French to break out en masse. The distant blockade strategy required smaller ships to monitor the ports and notify the
859:
plates, of which only the topmost layer was hardened. The upper deck was at the level of the top of the upper strake of armor and its plates were each 11 millimeters (0.43 in) thick. The horizontal portion of the lower armored deck used 15-millimeter (0.59 in) plates; the armor on the
1239:
on 21 December brought an end to the sorties into the
Adriatic by the battlefleet; henceforth the supply ships were escorted by the armored cruisers or smaller ships. The French also responded by moving their patrol line further south to a line north of the Greek island of
1318:
until it was completed on 15 June. Shortages of coal and trained manpower hampered most training for the rest of the year and became even worse in 1917. As tensions rose between the Allies and the neutral Greek government in early 1917,
1170:
forces in the
Central Mediterranean, was ordered to begin offensive operations against the Austro-Hungarian fleet in the Adriatic. He split his forces into two groups to break the Austro-Hungarian blockade of the port of
876:
for all of the turrets were in the form of an inverted truncated cone with a total thickness of 164 millimeters for the main-gun turrets and 120 millimeters for the secondary turrets. The front and sides of the
698:, reaching 22.3–23 knots (41.3–42.6 km/h; 25.7–26.5 mph) from 28,344–29,029 metric horsepower (20,847–21,351 kW). They carried a maximum of 2,100 long tons (2,100 t) of coal and could steam for 7,500
1254:
on 26 April 1915, agreeing to declare war on Austro-Hungary. Boué de Lapeyrère, concerned about a possible pre-emptive attack on the southern
Italian ports, temporarily moved all of his armored cruisers closer to the
1139:
would defend the northern French coast and the French would concentrate her fleet in the
Mediterranean and defend British interests there. The French designated the consolidated fleet the 1st Naval Army
517:. To their credit, the factions in the government and the navy were mostly able stop squabbling amongst themselves to reconsider their naval strategy and the types of ships that they would build.
1267:
with the loss of 684 men out of her crew of 821 the following day. After the sinking, Boué de Lapeyrère withdrew his armored cruisers even further south to a line running through the island of
1090:. After a reorganization of the French Navy and unit redesignations in late 1909, the ship was transferred to the Mediterranean in early 1910 and joined her sisters in the 2nd Light Division (
650:. The outer shafts had 5.5-meter (18 ft 1 in) propellers while the centre propeller had a diameter of 5 meters (16 ft 5 in). The engines were rated at a total of 27,500
1306:
was untenable and that the army would have to be evacuated. They decided to occupy the neutral island of Corfu to provide a place for the Serbs to recuperate and to rebuild their army.
375:) during the first decade of the 20th century. Armed with four 194-millimeter (7.6 in) guns, the ships were much larger and more powerfully armed than their predecessors.
513:, forced the French to realize that they were grossly unprepared for war with Britain as they could neither defend their colonies nor break through any British blockade of
881:
were protected by 174 millimeters (6.9 in) of armor and its rear by 110 millimeters (4.3 in). It had a roof that had a total thickness of 40 millimeters.
1807:
860:
sloping part of the deck where it met the lower edge of the waterline armor belt ranged in thickness from 40–65 millimeters (1.6–2.6 in). The aft end of the
847:. Its plates were 2.05 meters (6 ft 9 in) tall and tapered to a thickness of 50–70 millimeters (2.0–2.8 in) at their lower edge. Above this was a
1187:
coast and the battleships the
Italian coast before cutting across the Adriatic to rendezvous at Antivari on the morning of the 16th. The latter group sank the
744:
ranging from 770 to 800 meters per second (2,500 to 2,600 ft/s). This gave them a range of about 11,500 meters (12,600 yd) at the turrets' maximum
1800:
1158:
declared war on France on 3 August 1914, the 2nd DL was tasked to escort troop convoys and the battlefleet until France declared war on the
1917:
2617:
2612:
1793:
2233:
2219:
702:(13,900 km; 8,600 mi) at a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Electrical power was supplied by four 1200-
1074:. Unlike her sisters, the latter ship never served as a flagship. She visited the United States in 1907 to participate in the
635:) at normal load. Their crew normally numbered 26 officers and 708 enlisted men, or 30 officers and 749 men when serving as a
2087:
1735:
1694:
1672:
901:, chose these names to order to honor left-wing statesmen and activists, as the officers of the French Navy (the so-called "
528:(Young School) had built enough torpedo craft that the British could no longer maintain their long-time strategy of a close
2447:
729:
274:
1234:
2419:
1984:
643:
226:
2482:
2412:
2357:
2205:
1776:
1757:
1716:
1624:
1323:
played a small role in pressuring the Greeks to join the Allies in June. On 12 August, the 2nd DL was disbanded with
1117:
894:
547:
for the commerce-raiding role could easily defeat those light forces. The value placed by the new strategy (French:
2461:
2503:
2398:
2156:
1163:
408:
2426:
2066:
1830:
956:
376:
2558:
2253:
1910:
1687:
Naval
Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations: An Illustrated Directory
1271:. After the Italian declaration of war on 23 May, the French ships withdrew further into the Mediterranean and
909:
of the first two ships was prolonged by accidents and mechanical problems, while the transfer of the order for
2012:
1054:
was assigned to the
Northern Squadron upon commissioning and became the flagship of the 1st Cruiser Squadron (
760:
280:
2468:
2350:
2212:
2122:
1869:
88:
2226:
791:
2510:
2073:
1998:
852:
strake of 40-millimeter (1.6 in) armor that extended from the bow to the end of the forward casemate.
576:
2129:
2433:
2019:
2538:
2489:
2371:
2287:
2136:
2046:
1976:
1957:
1844:
1837:
1019:
989:
402:
396:
1295:; the division was responsible for patrolling the area between southern Italy and the Greek island of
679:
2454:
2322:
2308:
2294:
2005:
1950:
1903:
941:
581:
564:) of 1900 with a requirement for a new generation of five ships, of which the first three became the
2280:
2607:
2524:
2475:
2440:
2405:
2336:
2329:
2301:
2273:
2198:
1991:
1943:
1222:
978:
768:
337:
2517:
2496:
2191:
2026:
1884:
1354:
which joined her sister in reserve when she returned in 1925. The sisters were stricken from the
1303:
1251:
1159:
1121:
1314:
was deemed fit for combat in May and the sisters provided distant cover for the transfer to the
824:-class ships were protected by 3,011 metric tons (2,963 long tons) of armour. It consisted of a
2531:
2343:
2080:
1231:
780:
745:
286:
2378:
2315:
2101:
2094:
1964:
1292:
1167:
623:) was slightly longer at 149.07 meters (489 ft 1 in). The sisters were designed to
441:
1634:
Dai, Wei (September 2020). "A Discussion on French
Armored Cruiser Identification: From the
1613:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2108:
1895:
1860:
1350:) in 1922 and returned to reserve after her return the following year. She was replaced by
1075:
996:
963:
865:
749:
593:
75:
8:
2364:
1709:
The Battle of the
Otranto Straits: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in World War I
1113:
726:
624:
514:
1109:
509:, coupled with the earlier war scare with the British over the navigable portion of the
2038:
1311:
1280:
1198:
1026:
946:
918:
890:
756:
663:
2148:
1772:
1753:
1731:
1712:
1690:
1668:
1651:
1620:
1256:
1188:
914:
772:
764:
687:
651:
208:
202:
425:
joined them there in 1910 and the sisters remained there for most of their careers.
2550:
1334:
The sisters were reactivated in 1921 and assigned to the Atlantic Flying Division (
1247:
1155:
898:
671:
502:
1212:
by the main battlefleet. During one such mission, the 2nd DL raided the island of
558:'poor man's navy') on the armored cruiser was reflected in the Naval Law (
2058:
1704:
1682:
1172:
861:
741:
647:
612:
437:
362:
145:
1571:
Freivogel, pp. 98–100, 117–122; Halpern, p. 4; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 230–231
1785:
1315:
1288:
1209:
737:
608:
506:
25:
523:
2601:
2245:
1745:
1655:
1132:
1101:
1011:
878:
832:
783:
699:
541:
battlefleet of any attempt to break out. The armored cruisers favored by the
486:
465:
343:
289:
249:
1105:
801:
776:
718:
616:
533:
445:
433:
295:
171:
148.35–149.07 m (486 ft 9 in – 489 ft 1 in) (
1204:
At the end of the month, the French began intermittently escorting single
471:
They were reactivated in 1921 to serve with the Atlantic Flying Division (
1932:
906:
691:
510:
429:
382:
366:
321:
237:
65:
1935:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1205:
1176:
1136:
856:
840:
828:
805:
733:
328:
315:
301:
252:(13,900 km; 8,600 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
536:, which would allow the battleships favored by the traditionalists to
2390:
2265:
1355:
1191:
936:
836:
825:
695:
453:
1135:
of 1911, the French and British governments agreed in 1912 that the
1310:
ferried some of the occupation force to Corfu in January 1916. The
873:
655:
636:
632:
529:
478:
392:
261:
212:
160:
694:(41 km/h; 25 mph) and exceeded that figure during their
385:
to be completed, was initially assigned to the Northern Squadron (
1284:
1213:
1184:
1064:
became the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet's Light Squadron (
619:
of 8.18 meters (26 ft 10 in); the third and last ship (
1750:
The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
1230:, on the return voyage the following day. The torpedoing of the
1562:
Freivogel, pp. 96, 101; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 218, 222, 227
1227:
1125:
1087:
1083:
905:") were reputed to have rather right-wing Royalist sympathies.
848:
706:
703:
537:
1510:
Jordan & Caresse, pp. 140–141, 160; Ropp, pp. 167–168, 257
740:. The guns fired 75–90.3-kilogram (165–199 lb) shells at
592:
s were designed as enlarged and more powerful versions of the
1589:
Freivogel, p. 219; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 238–240, 243–245
1327:
assigned to transport duties until July 1918 when she joined
1296:
1241:
1180:
868:
that had a total thickness of 100 millimeters (3.9 in).
844:
763:
guns. Twelve of these were in three twin-gun turrets on each
628:
156:
1925:
1302:
At the end of 1915, the French and British decided that the
505:
of 1898, where the British forced them to withdraw from the
16:
French Navy's Léon Gambetta class of three armored cruisers
1208:
to Antivari, usually escorted by the armored cruisers and
1447:
Friedman, p. 223; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 143, 145, 148
1438:
Friedman, p. 218; Jordan & Caresse, pp. 104, 145, 148
172:
1611:
Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979).
752:
which it could fire at a rate of two rounds per minute.
1146:) and grouped its two DLs into the 1st Light Squadron.
921:
in 1902 greatly delayed the start of her construction.
855:
Both of the armored decks consisted of three layers of
477:). In 1922–1925, the sisters alternated service in the
666:. Each of the sisters had a different type of boiler;
481:, but were again placed in reserve upon their return.
800:
was equipped with five 450-millimeter (17.7 in)
456:
in April 1915 with heavy loss of life. In mid-1917,
1104:shortly afterwards and missed participating in the
839:and reduced to 90 millimeters (3.5 in) at the
436:of the French fleet. The ships participated in the
1711:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
1612:
1179:, and to engage any ships operating out of nearby
642:The ships were powered by a trio of four-cylinder
532:of French ports without risking the loss of their
1615:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
607:) measured 148.35 meters (486 ft 9 in)
2599:
1815:
1610:
1362:was sold for scrap in 1928 and was followed by
748:of +15 degrees. Each gun was provided with 100
432:, the cruisers escorted convoys as well as the
1752:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
761:164-millimeter (6.5 in) Modèle 1893–1896M
334:Secondary gun turrets: 102 mm (4 in)
1911:
1801:
1726:Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2019).
1725:
1344:was transferred to the Far Eastern Division (
1201:before the armored cruisers could get there.
1162:on the 12th. The following day, Vice Admiral
835:that was 150 millimeters (5.9 in) thick
580:Right elevation and deck plan as depicted in
1345:
1335:
1275:with the 2nd DL ultimately basing itself at
1141:
1091:
1065:
1055:
690:. The ships were designed for a speed of 22
615:of 21.4 meters (70 ft 3 in) and a
559:
542:
521:
472:
468:. She was joined by her sister in mid-1918.
412:
386:
370:
1766:
1665:The Great War in the Adriatic Sea 1914–1918
1544:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 160, 210–211, 215
553:
1918:
1904:
1808:
1794:
1304:Serbian position in Montenegro and Albania
1662:
571:
1926:French naval ship classes of World War I
1681:
1183:. The armored cruisers would follow the
843:and 80 millimeters (3.1 in) at the
575:
520:They realized that the advocates of the
1703:
644:vertical triple-expansion steam engines
599:armored cruisers. The first two ships (
2600:
1769:Directory of the World's Capital Ships
1598:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 253–254, 259
1483:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 151, 154–155
1474:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 145, 150–151
1417:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 143, 157–158
1899:
1789:
1730:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1744:
1425:
1423:
1070:) upon completion and was joined by
767:and the remaining four guns were in
294:2 or 5 × 450 mm (17.7 in)
1885:List of cruisers of the French Navy
1748:(1987). Roberts, Stephen S. (ed.).
1633:
1347:Division navale de l'Extrême Orient
889:The ships were named after notable
191:8.18 m (26 ft 10 in)
13:
1728:French Armoured Cruisers 1887–1932
1553:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 210, 214
1535:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 252, 259
1513:
1402:
1046:
501:The French humiliation during the
318:: 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in)
183:21.4 m (70 ft 3 in)
14:
2629:
1580:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 232–233
1501:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 154–156
1492:Jordan & Caresse, pp. 154–155
1450:
1420:
1128:on 4 September with her sisters.
1040:Sold for scrap, 26 November 1930
324:: 33–65 mm (1.3–2.6 in)
1337:Division volante de l'Atlantique
474:Division volante de l'Atlantique
452:was sunk by an Austro-Hungarian
58:
24:
2618:Ship classes of the French Navy
1604:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1429:Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 306
864:was closed off by a transverse
730:194-millimeter Modèle 1893–1896
658:), using steam provided by 20 (
1771:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
1441:
1432:
1411:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1149:
281:164 mm (6.5 in) guns
275:194 mm (7.6 in) guns
227:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
1767:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984).
1619:. New York: Mayflower Books.
1369:
815:
759:comprised sixteen 45-caliber
496:
2613:Léon Gambetta-class cruisers
1667:. Zagreb: Despot Infinitus.
1663:Freivogel, Zvonimir (2019).
1526:Jordan & Caresse, p. 140
1465:Jordan & Caresse, p. 148
1408:Jordan & Caresse, p. 143
1399:Jordan & Caresse, p. 136
893:of the French Republic. The
7:
1977:Pre-dreadnought battleships
1390:Ropp, pp. 329–330, 332, 334
812:could handle twenty mines.
781:47-millimeter (1.9 in)
779:, they carried twenty-four
725:class consisted of four 40-
712:
421:also served as a flagship.
346:: 174 mm (6.9 in)
331:: 138 mm (5.4 in)
240:(41 km/h; 25 mph)
10:
2634:
1689:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth.
1381:Ropp, pp. 306–307, 324–325
1263:was torpedoed and sunk by
1164:Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère
792:Canon de 47 mm modèle 1902
493:followed two years later.
414:Escadre de la Méditerranée
2569:
2549:
2389:
2264:
2244:
2147:
2057:
2037:
1975:
1931:
1880:
1855:
1826:
1018:
988:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
932:
929:
340:: 102 mm (4 in)
136:
37:
23:
884:
391:) where she served as a
287:47 mm (1.9 in)
2582:Completed after the war
1220:was narrowly missed by
1160:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1096:(DL)) by 4 April 1911.
460:became a transport and
137:General characteristics
1346:
1336:
1232:dreadnought battleship
1226:, an Austro-Hungarian
1142:
1092:
1066:
1057:1 Division de croiseur
1056:
585:
582:Brassey's Naval Annual
572:Design and description
560:
548:
543:
522:
473:
413:
409:Mediterranean Squadron
387:
371:
2235:Jurien de la Gravière
1644:Warship International
1078:; the following year
732:guns mounted in twin-
579:
442:Austro-Hungarian Navy
407:were assigned to the
279:6 × twin, 4 × single
2576:Single ship of class
1197:that morning in the
1082:participated in the
1076:Jamestown Exposition
997:Arsenal de Cherbourg
964:Arsenal de Rochefort
895:Minister of the Navy
736:fore and aft of the
2039:Coast defense ships
1166:, commander of the
1114:President of France
926:
897:from 1902 to 1905,
646:, each driving one
515:Metropolitan France
381:, the first of the
361:consisted of three
2149:Protected cruisers
1456:Silverstone, p. 80
1312:Royal Serbian Army
1216:on 2 November and
1199:Battle of Antivari
1122:Théophile Delcassé
1027:Arsenal de Lorient
925:Construction data
924:
919:Arsenal de Lorient
757:secondary armament
688:Belleville boilers
664:water-tube boilers
586:
203:water-tube boilers
2595:
2594:
2551:Seaplane carriers
2059:Armoured cruisers
1893:
1892:
1737:978-1-5267-4118-9
1696:978-1-84832-100-7
1674:978-953-8218-40-8
1366:two years later.
1257:Strait of Otranto
1189:protected cruiser
1093:2 Division légère
1044:
1043:
915:Arsenal de Toulon
742:muzzle velocities
680:du Temple boilers
672:Niclausse boilers
652:metric horsepower
557:
352:
351:
85:Succeeded by
2625:
2359:Enseigne Gabolde
2255:La Motte-Picquet
1920:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1763:
1741:
1722:
1705:Halpern, Paul G.
1700:
1683:Friedman, Norman
1678:
1659:
1630:
1618:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1349:
1339:
1252:Treaty of London
1156:Imperial Germany
1145:
1110:Armand Fallières
1095:
1086:Tercentenary in
1069:
1059:
984:, 27 April 1915
971:26 October 1902
968:15 January 1901
927:
923:
899:Camille Pelletan
686:was fitted with
563:
555:
552:
549:marine de pauvre
546:
527:
503:Fashoda Incident
476:
416:
390:
374:
372:Marine Nationale
363:armored cruisers
64:
62:
61:
28:
21:
20:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2608:Cruiser classes
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2565:
2545:
2463:Amiral Bourgois
2385:
2260:
2240:
2207:D'Entrecasteaux
2143:
2053:
2033:
1971:
1927:
1924:
1894:
1889:
1876:
1851:
1822:
1820:-class cruisers
1814:
1779:
1760:
1738:
1719:
1697:
1675:
1627:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1152:
1100:was reduced to
1049:
1047:Service history
1004:23 August 1903
1001:19 August 1901
887:
862:armored citadel
818:
715:
648:propeller shaft
574:
499:
464:was reduced to
388:Escadre du Nord
196:Installed power
146:Armored cruiser
59:
57:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2248:
2246:Light cruisers
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2221:Châteaurenault
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2158:Amiral Cécille
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2124:Jules Michelet
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2075:Amiral Charner
2071:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1871:Jules Michelet
1866:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1764:
1758:
1746:Ropp, Theodore
1742:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1701:
1695:
1679:
1673:
1660:
1650:(3): 199–221.
1631:
1625:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1358:in 1927–1928;
1316:Salonica front
1289:French Tunisia
1151:
1148:
1143:1 Armée Navale
1067:Escadre légère
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:16 April 1907
1035:
1034:30 March 1904
1032:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
994:
986:
985:
975:
972:
969:
966:
961:
953:
952:
949:
944:
939:
934:
931:
886:
883:
817:
814:
784:Hotchkiss guns
755:The cruisers'
738:superstructure
714:
711:
700:nautical miles
573:
570:
498:
495:
395:. Her sisters
365:built for the
350:
349:
348:
347:
341:
335:
332:
325:
319:
316:Waterline belt
311:
307:
306:
305:
304:
298:
292:
290:Hotchkiss guns
283:
277:
269:
265:
264:
260:734; 779 as a
258:
254:
253:
246:
242:
241:
234:
230:
229:
223:
219:
218:
217:
216:
205:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:Jules Michelet
86:
82:
81:
73:
69:
68:
55:
51:
50:
49:-class cruiser
44:
40:
39:
38:Class overview
35:
34:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2630:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:Dupuy de Lôme
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:Enseigne Roux
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2117:Léon Gambetta
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:Dupuy de Lôme
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:Jauréguiberry
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1868:Followed by:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:Preceded by:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:Léon Gambetta
1829:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1818:Léon Gambetta
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1780:
1778:0-88254-979-0
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1759:0-87021-141-2
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1718:0-253-34379-8
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:Class to the
1637:
1632:
1628:
1626:0-8317-0302-4
1622:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1608:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:British Malta
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:Léon Gambetta
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1133:Agadir Crisis
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:Navy Minister
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:Léon Gambetta
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1052:Léon Gambetta
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:2 March 1903
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:
987:
983:
982:
976:
974:21 July 1905
973:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:
958:Léon Gambetta
954:
948:
943:
938:
928:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
882:
880:
879:conning tower
875:
869:
867:
863:
858:
853:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:Harvey armour
830:
827:
823:
822:Léon Gambetta
813:
811:
807:
803:
802:torpedo tubes
799:
798:Léon Gambetta
795:
793:
789:
785:
782:
778:
777:torpedo boats
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:
724:
723:Léon Gambetta
720:
710:
708:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:Léon Gambetta
665:
661:
657:
654:(20,200
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Léon Gambetta
598:
596:
591:
583:
578:
569:
567:
566:Léon Gambetta
562:
550:
545:
539:
535:
534:capital ships
531:
526:
525:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
494:
492:
488:
485:was sold for
484:
480:
475:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Léon Gambetta
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:capital ships
431:
426:
424:
423:Léon Gambetta
420:
415:
410:
406:
405:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
380:
379:
378:Léon Gambetta
373:
368:
364:
360:
358:
357:Léon Gambetta
345:
344:Conning tower
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
303:
299:
297:
296:torpedo tubes
293:
291:
288:
284:
282:
278:
276:
272:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
259:
256:
255:
251:
247:
244:
243:
239:
235:
232:
231:
228:
224:
221:
220:
214:
211:(20,226
210:
206:
204:
200:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
182:
179:
178:
174:
170:
167:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
135:
131:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
115:
112:
111:
107:
105:In commission
104:
103:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
87:
84:
83:
80:
78:
74:
71:
70:
67:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:Léon Gambetta
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
31:Léon Gambetta
27:
22:
19:
2559:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2484:Gustave Zédé
2483:
2476:
2470:Charles Brun
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2254:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2138:Edgar Quinet
2137:
2131:Ernest Renan
2130:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2089:Jeanne d'Arc
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2047:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1870:
1861:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1817:
1816:
1768:
1749:
1727:
1708:
1686:
1664:
1647:
1643:
1640:Edgar Quinet
1639:
1635:
1614:
1605:Bibliography
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1341:
1333:
1331:in reserve.
1328:
1324:
1320:
1307:
1301:
1264:
1260:
1246:
1235:
1221:
1217:
1203:
1193:
1153:
1130:
1106:fleet review
1097:
1079:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1020:
1007:1 June 1907
990:
980:
957:
947:Commissioned
910:
902:
888:
870:
854:
821:
819:
809:
797:
796:
787:
754:
722:
719:main battery
716:
683:
675:
667:
659:
641:
620:
604:
600:
594:
589:
587:
565:
561:Statut Naval
519:
500:
490:
489:in 1928 and
482:
470:
461:
457:
449:
448:until 1917.
446:Adriatic Sea
427:
422:
418:
403:
397:
383:sister ships
377:
356:
355:
353:
285:24 × single
225:3 shafts; 3
207:27,500
155:12,550
152:Displacement
89:
76:
46:
30:
18:
2000:Charlemagne
1936:battleships
1933:Dreadnought
1846:Victor Hugo
1839:Jules Ferry
1364:Victor Hugo
1360:Jules Ferry
1352:Jules Ferry
1342:Victor Hugo
1329:Victor Hugo
1325:Jules Ferry
1321:Victor Hugo
1308:Jules Ferry
1273:Ionian Seas
1250:signed the
1218:Jules Ferry
1206:cargo ships
1150:World War I
1098:Victor Hugo
1072:Victor Hugo
1062:Jules Ferry
1021:Victor Hugo
991:Jules Ferry
911:Victor Hugo
907:Fitting out
829:armour belt
810:Victor Hugo
806:naval mines
788:Victor Hugo
786:, although
734:gun turrets
684:Victor Hugo
676:Jules Ferry
660:Jules Ferry
629:metric tons
621:Victor Hugo
605:Jules Ferry
544:Jeune École
524:Jeune École
511:Niger River
491:Victor Hugo
483:Jules Ferry
462:Victor Hugo
458:Jules Ferry
430:World War I
419:Jules Ferry
404:Victor Hugo
398:Jules Ferry
367:French Navy
329:gun turrets
302:naval mines
248:7,500
72:Preceded by
66:French Navy
2602:Categories
2491:Amphitrite
2391:Submarines
2373:Aventurier
2289:Pertuisane
2266:Destroyers
2014:République
1370:References
1277:Alexandria
1269:Cephalonia
1259:that day.
1177:Montenegro
1137:Royal Navy
1131:After the
1116:, and the
857:mild steel
816:Protection
696:sea trials
678:had Guyot-
497:Background
257:Complement
222:Propulsion
2588:Cancelled
2449:Archimède
2414:Argonaute
2324:Voltigeur
2310:Branlebas
2296:Arquebuse
2228:D'Estrées
2193:Descartes
1959:Normandie
1656:0043-0374
1356:Navy List
1236:Jean Bart
1192:SMS
1010:Sold for
937:Laid down
913:from the
903:La Royale
891:statesmen
874:barbettes
837:amidships
826:waterline
794:instead.
790:used the
769:casemates
765:broadside
746:elevation
633:long tons
611:, with a
454:submarine
338:Casemates
300:10 or 20
273:2 × twin
201:20 or 28
161:long tons
113:Completed
108:1905–1928
100:1901–1907
54:Operators
2526:Lagrange
2477:Clorinde
2456:Mariotte
2442:Brumaire
2435:Pluviôse
2421:Émeraude
2407:Aigrette
2338:Bouclier
2331:Chasseur
2303:Claymore
2275:Durandal
2048:Henri IV
1952:Bretagne
1707:(2004).
1685:(2011).
1642:Class".
1185:Albanian
1173:Antivari
1060:) while
979:SM
977:Sunk by
942:Launched
933:Builder
866:bulkhead
808:, while
713:Armament
662:) or 28
637:flagship
631:(12,352
625:displace
590:Gambetta
530:blockade
479:Far East
438:blockade
417:) where
393:flagship
268:Armament
262:flagship
159:(12,352
129:Scrapped
2540:O'Byrne
2519:Joessel
2498:Bellone
2214:Guichen
2200:D'Assas
2103:Dupleix
2096:Gueydon
2082:Pothuau
2021:Liberté
2007:Suffren
1945:Courbet
1636:Gueydon
1285:Bizerte
1214:Lastovo
1210:covered
1181:Cattaro
1102:reserve
1014:, 1928
917:to the
771:in the
727:caliber
721:of the
707:dynamos
627:12,550
609:overall
568:class.
556:
466:reserve
444:in the
440:of the
428:During
2560:Foudre
2533:Armide
2400:Sirène
2345:Bisson
2282:Framée
2186:Linois
2179:Friant
2172:Troude
2165:Forbin
2110:Gloire
2028:Danton
1993:Bouvet
1862:Gloire
1775:
1756:
1734:
1715:
1693:
1671:
1654:
1623:
1291:, and
1228:U-boat
1168:Allied
1126:Toulon
1124:, off
1088:Canada
1084:Quebec
849:strake
750:rounds
704:ampere
597:-class
595:Gloire
538:sortie
168:Length
77:Gloire
63:
2512:Diane
2428:Circé
2380:Arabe
2317:Spahi
1864:class
1297:Crete
1281:Egypt
1248:Italy
1242:Corfu
1194:Zenta
1154:When
1012:scrap
951:Fate
930:Name
885:Ships
845:stern
692:knots
670:used
617:draft
507:Sudan
487:scrap
359:class
327:Main
310:Armor
245:Range
238:knots
233:Speed
188:Draft
97:Built
79:class
1966:Lyon
1773:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1652:ISSN
1648:LVII
1621:ISBN
820:The
773:hull
717:The
682:and
613:beam
603:and
588:The
584:1923
554:lit.
401:and
354:The
322:Deck
180:Beam
142:Type
121:Lost
43:Name
2366:M89
1340:).
1265:U-5
1223:U-5
1108:by
981:U-5
841:bow
831:of
250:nmi
236:22
173:o/a
2604::
1646:.
1515:^
1422:^
1299:.
1287:,
1283:,
1279:,
1244:.
1175:,
1120:,
1112:,
709:.
674:,
656:kW
639:.
551:,
213:kW
209:PS
2585:X
2579:C
2573:S
1919:e
1912:t
1905:v
1809:e
1802:t
1795:v
1781:.
1762:.
1740:.
1721:.
1699:.
1677:.
1658:.
1629:.
1140:(
411:(
369:(
215:)
175:)
163:)
157:t
132:2
124:1
116:3
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