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from these ancestors. In practice, other non-agnatic descendants have secondary rights to the land, which may be strengthened by residence, especially during childhood, and participation in the descent groups' affairs. Because people can have claims in several different descent groups, land rights
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and other problems. Furthermore, relatives of the slain
Solomon Islanders sought spiritual revenge by the deliberate desecration of sacred sites and objects, which is seen by surviving elders as the origin of many of the struggles the people have suffered in recent times, including epidemics, the
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Kwaio were first brought into contact with the outside world in 1868, when two men were taken from their canoe, and then returned bearing steel tools, novelty items, and stories about their experience. Within a small amount of time, many young Kwaio sought the adventures, and were brought to
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were to pacify the area and establish means to collect a head tax, and capitulate to the
British colonial regime. On his fifth annual tax collection, in October 1927, he was killed, along with one other white man and 13 Solomon Islanders in his charge. A massive
252:. Kwaio culture was greatly transformed, but after several years was able to regain its traditional practices and social structure. However, there is more personal independence for younger people and blood feuding is no longer practiced.
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According to oral tradition, the land was first cleared 1200 to 2000 years ago. The tracts cleared at this time are marked by shrines, and in effect established title for the clans descended
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Kwaio settlement was traditionally in very small settlements dotted close together. Missionary activity, predominantly in coastal areas, has encouraged the growth of larger settlements.
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escalated. Kwaio also attempted to avenge the deaths of those who died overseas, and they earned a reputation as a fierce and dangerous group. Missionaries from the
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were occasional additions to what was mainly a vegetarian diet. Taro production suffered in a severe blight in the 1950s, and has been replaced by the
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Kwaio have been more resistant than other nearby peoples in the continuation of their beliefs. The traditional religion is a form of
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were brought to support those in
Queensland who had become Christians there, and enclaves were established in the lowlands.
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blades) and firearms revolutionized the Kwaio way of life, as leisure time was greatly increased by the new tools and
122:, they numbered 13,249 in 1999. Much of what is known about the Kwaio is due to the work of the anthropologist
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191:), and violations of them must be redressed with sacrifices. One example of a powerful ancestral force is
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Their main mode of economic activity was traditionally subsistence farming of
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ensued; at least 60 people were killed, and nearly 200 detained in
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for their labor. The appearance of steel (replacing rough
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Lightning Meets the West Wind: The
Malaita Massacre
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243:(the then capital), where 30 further died from
226:The efforts of the Australian District Officer
126:, who lived among them starting in the 1960s.
16:"Kwaio" redirects here. For the language, see
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359:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1980.
248:breakdown of traditional morality, and the
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110:is an ethnic group found in central
42:Regions with significant populations
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176:have some degree of flexibility.
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137:. Other important crops include
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221:South Seas Evangelical Church
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203:sugarcane plantations in
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92:Related ethnic groups
233:punitive expedition
135:swidden agriculture
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118:. According to
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163:sweet potato
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84:traditional
23:Ethnic group
217:blood feuds
173:agnatically
380:Categories
340:References
277:Ethnologue
205:Queensland
199:movement.
120:Ethnologue
245:dysentery
143:plantains
114:, in the
67:Languages
187:(Kwaio:
101:peoples
99:Malaitan
79:Religion
207:and on
151:insects
112:Malaita
241:Tulagi
193:La'aka
159:cuscus
157:, and
97:Other
62:13,200
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391:Kwaio
256:Notes
213:chert
185:taboo
147:Birds
108:Kwaio
73:Kwaio
27:Kwaio
209:Fiji
155:fish
141:and
139:yams
131:taro
274:at
189:abu
382::
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264:^
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20:.
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