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was nearly deaf and had limited knowledge of Arabic, while the second 100 words were provided by the main informant, who may have mixed
Kujarke with Daju and Fur. Part of the interview had also been done in Fur with the help of Doornbos' Fur research assistant. The two disagreed over the Kujarke elicitations, leading Doornbos to doubt the accuracy of the list. Doornbos also speculates that in 1981, Kujarke may have already been a dying language with few speakers left, although their population may have exceeded 1,000 people in 1981.
351:
The father and son had also disagreed about the origins of the
Kujarke people. According to the son, the Kujarke had originally lived in the mountain ranges to east of the Wadi Azum, namely the Jebel Kulli, Jebel Toya, Jebel Kunjaro, Jebel Turabu, Jebel Oromba, and Jebel Kire. Later, they were forced
347:
In 1981, Dutch anthropologist Paul
Doornbos had spent 4-5 hours eliciting a basic vocabulary list of Kujarke from a father and son (Arbab Yahia Basi, born Ndundra, who was 35 years old in 1981) in Ro Fatá, near Foro Boranga, Darfur. The first 100 words were elicited from the informant's father, who
270:
The speakers were reported to live mainly by hunting and gathering due to the climate, terrain, and unstable seasonal water supply of the Dar
Fongoro area being inhospitable for intensive agriculture and animal husbandry. Honey was one of their main foods obtained through foraging.
375:. The first time the Kujarke had been mentioned in over 25 years was when French anthropologist Jerome Tubiana had interviewed a Daju village chief in Tiero. The chief of Tiero mentioned that a Kujarke village had been burned to the ground by the
278:. They are surrounded by the Daju-Galfigé to the west, the Sinyar to the north, and the Fur-Dalinga, Fongoro, Formono, and Runga to the east and south. Historically, they had been ruled by the Daju sultans, and may have been slaves of the Daju.
331:
In addition, there appears to be a large amount of vocabulary that has not been identified as Afro-Asiatic; there is a possibility that it is a language isolate that has been largely relexified by Chadic and
Cushitic.
414:
The
Kujarke are not Muslims and practice a secret religion that is yet unrecorded, as the Kujarke would lead visitors to a perimeter outside their village whenever they needed to perform their prayers.
367:
regions of eastern Chad. However, the
Kujarke have not been recorded as a separate group by any government or foreign aid organization. As a result, Kujarke may have been passing themselves off as
794:
411:
was the name of one of the 18 Sinyar clans. The Kijaar clan was located closer to the core
Kujarke area of Jebel Mirra than all of the other Sinyar clans.
856:
842:
930:
328:, a nearby Mubi language which is also called Kujarge; when Newman was shown the 200-word list in 2006, he would not commit to it being Chadic.
352:
to migrate to Chad during the time of the Fur sultans. However, the father claimed that the original
Kujarke homeland had only been in Chad.
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words, but low numerals and pronouns look very un-Chadic. Blench (2008) notes that much of the basic vocabulary looks
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305:, and speculates that Kujarge could even be a conservative language transitional between Chadic and Cushitic.
135:
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1317:
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875:
Blažek, Václav. 2013. Kujarge wordlist with Chadic (Afroasiatic) cognates. In: Henry
Tourneux (ed.),
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883:
321:
826:
Harald Hammarström, 2010, 'The status of the least documented language families in the world'. In
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17:
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Roger Blench, 2008. 'Links between Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and the position of Kujarge'. (ms)
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8:
746:. (Unpublished 1981 field notes of Paul Doornbos transcribed by Paul Whitehouse in 2005)
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argued that its classification remained uncertain. There may have been a mix-up with
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Also, Lebeuf (1959) reports that the Daju Nyala refer to the Darfur Birgid as
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people. Nothing else is known about the current state of the Kujarke people.
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259:, "sorcerer"), due to the Kujarke's reputation for practicing
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227:. It is estimated to have about 1,000 speakers (as of 1983).
224:
595:(unless the prenasalized stops are to be seen as clusters.)
181:
41:
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characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
359:, most Kujarke may now be living in refugee camps in the
591:
are attested; they appear to all involve r+consonant or
379:
in 2007 during an ethnic cleansing campaign against the
27:
Unclassified language of eastern Chad and western Sudan
854:'Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and the position of Kujarge'
407:
men may have also intermarried with Kujarke women, as
403:
peoples. Although the Kujarke were mostly endogamous,
248:
308:
The language had been classified as a member of the
865:Workshop « Language Isolates in Africa »
335:Blažek (2013) purports to show that Kujarge is an
293:Kujarge is unclassified. It is known only from a
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215:), and in villages scattered along the lower
785:
783:
781:
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740:Doornbos, Paul; Paul Whitehouse (ed). 2005.
630:"you (sg.)". Interrogative pronouns include
602:used in transcribing the same wordlist are:
721:
606:. It is not clear whether all of these are
423:Judging by the one available wordlist, the
342:
931:
917:
795:"On the position of Kujarke within Chadic"
610:distinct; and , in particular, are rare.
938:
828:Language Documentation & Conservation
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391:The Kujarke lived in proximity with the
180:is spoken in seven villages in eastern
160:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
1300:
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852:Roger Blench and Mauro Tosco, 2010.
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274:The Kujarge refer to themselves as
24:
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297:by Doornbos (1981). These include
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1323:Unclassified languages of Africa
877:Topics in Chadic Linguistics VII
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894:", in ed. M. Lionel Bender,
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882:Doornbos, Paul & M.
343:Documentation and status
886:. 1983. "Languages of
243:) is derived from the
148:This article contains
1135:Jonkor (Bourmataguil)
940:East Chadic languages
897:Nilo-Saharan Language
337:East Chadic language
743:Kujarge field notes
199: /
1328:Cushitic languages
1313:Languages of Sudan
859:2012-03-31 at the
589:consonant clusters
184:near Jebel Mirra (
71:(1,000 cited 1983)
1318:Languages of Chad
1295:
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1285:extinct languages
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757:"Kujarge in Chad"
711:(27th ed., 2024)
680:Kujarge word list
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276:Kujartenin Debiya
219:and Wadi Azum in
203:11.750°N 22.250°E
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156:rendering support
152:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
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1287:. See also:
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1231:Barain (B.4)
1195:Sokoro (B.3)
1164:Mubi (B.1.2)
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876:
864:
848:
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766:27 September
764:. Retrieved
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682:(Wiktionary)
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608:phonemically
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494:Prenasalised
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387:Ethnic group
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312:subgroup of
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87:unclassified
1076:Kwang (A.3)
534:Continuants
355:Due to the
320:; however,
318:Paul Newman
314:East Chadic
206: /
162:instead of
51:Jebel Mirra
1302:Categories
708:Ethnologue
687:References
593:gemination
516:Fricatives
477:Implosives
425:consonants
263:among the
261:witchcraft
231:Background
217:Wadi Salih
1283:indicate
1130:Dangaléat
811:0015-5675
653:include:
634:"what?",
419:Phonology
377:Janjaweed
361:Goz Beïda
235:The name
121:Glottolog
105:ISO 639-3
56:Ethnicity
1186:Zirenkel
857:Archived
793:(2015).
674:See also
646:"this".
642:include
638:"who?".
622:include
620:pronouns
497:plosives
458:Plosives
441:Alveolar
436:Bilabial
365:Dar Sila
303:Cushitic
168:Help:IPA
128:kuja1239
1281:Italics
1265:Kujargé
1259:Mokilko
1243:Jelkung
1176:Masmaje
1171:Kajakse
1145:Migaama
1067:Tobanga
1057:Kabalai
1041:Nancere
899:Studies
867:, Lyons
703:Kujargé
651:numbers
614:Grammar
446:Palatal
283:Kajargé
241:Kujarke
237:Kujargé
194:22°15′E
191:11°45′N
164:Unicode
141:Kujarge
60:Kujarke
33:Kujargé
18:Kujarge
1252:Others
1238:Barein
1212:Sokoro
1140:Mabire
1125:Birgit
1120:Bidiyo
1005:Gadang
971:Somrai
892:Darfur
809:
632:ŋgayna
600:vowels
571:Trills
552:Nasals
409:Kijaar
405:Sinyar
399:, and
393:Sinyar
326:Birgit
299:Chadic
221:Darfur
48:Region
1261:(B.2)
1217:Tamki
1155:Toram
1150:Mogum
1088:Kwang
1031:Kimré
1015:Sarua
1010:Miltu
983:Motun
980:Mawer
976:Tumak
888:Wadai
663:kurro
658:kirre
626:"I",
451:Velar
256:kujur
247:word
225:Sudan
1207:Saba
1202:Mawa
1181:Mubi
1092:Buso
1083:Kera
1036:Lele
1000:Boor
966:Ndam
961:Mire
807:ISSN
768:2019
649:The
628:nigi
624:annu
618:The
598:The
471:k ɡ
465:t d
397:Daju
381:Daju
369:Daju
363:and
310:Mubi
250:كجور
182:Chad
176:The
42:Chad
1222:Ubi
705:at
668:ubo
644:agu
510:ᵑɡ
507:ᶮɟ
504:ⁿd
501:ᵐb
401:Fur
373:Fur
371:or
316:by
150:IPA
136:ELP
112:vkj
1304::
863:,
819:^
805:.
803:52
801:.
797:.
776:^
759:.
723:^
695:^
636:ye
577:r
565:ŋ
562:ɲ
559:n
556:m
544:j
541:l
538:w
526:ʃ
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520:f
484:ɗ
481:ɓ
468:ɟ
462:b
395:,
339:.
285:.
267:.
223:,
932:e
925:t
918:v
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890:-
813:.
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253:(
170:.
20:)
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