6107:
4824:
40:
3724:(c. 600–300 BCE), that was ruled by Kshatriya clans. However, these kshatriyas did not follow the Vedic religion, and were sometimes called degenerate Kshatriyas or Shudras by Brahmanical sources. The kshatriyas served as representatives in the assembly at the capital, debated various issues put before the assembly. Due to the lack of patronage of Vedic Brahmanism, the kshatriyas of the gana sanghas were often patrons of
3393:
75:
3555:
sacrifice (yajña). Some scholars consider the
Purusha Sukta to be a late interpolation into the Rigveda based on the neological character of the composition, as compared to the more archaic style of the Vedic literature. Since not all Indians were fully regulated under the varna in the Vedic society,
3526:
The administrative machinery in the Vedic India was headed by a tribal king called a Rajan whose position may or may not have been hereditary. The king may have been elected in a tribal assembly (called Samiti), which included women. The Rajan protected the tribe and cattle; was assisted by a priest;
3817:
and this gave them legitimation as rulers. In return the newly christened kshatriyas would patronize and reward the
Brahmins. The Sanskritic culture of the kshatriyas of this period was heavily influential for later periods and set the style that kshatriyas of later periods appealed to. This process
3830:
operated in the 1960s, Pauline
Kolenda noted that the "caste function of the Kshatriya is to lead and protect the village, and with conquest to manage their conquered lands. The Kshatriyas do perform these functions today to the extent possible, by distributing food as payments to
3696:(450 BCE to 100 BCE). The kshatriya were often considered pre-eminent in Buddhist circles. Even among Hindu societies they were sometimes at rivalry with the Brahmins, but they generally acknowledged the superiority of the priestly class. The Kshatriyas also began to question the
3672:
and implies temporal authority and power which was based less on being a successful leader in battle and more on the tangible power of laying claim to sovereignty over a territory, and symbolising ownership over clan lands. This later gave rise to the idea of kingship.
4512:
Hiuen Tsang , who visited
Bhillamala in about 641 A.D. refers to it as the capital of the Gurjara kingdom . According to him the king of this place was a Kshatriya , a profound believer in Buddhism and a man of exceptional
3808:
In the era from 300 to 700 CE, new royal dynasties were bestowed kshatriya status by
Brahmins by linking them to the kshatriyas of the epics and Puranas. Dynasties began affiliating themselves with the
3649:
Rajanyas who followed the system of elected rulers. Ram Sharan Sharma details how the central chief was elected by various clan chiefs or lineage chiefs with increasing polarisation between the
3556:
the
Purusha Sukta was supposedly composed in order to secure Vedic sanction for the heredity caste scheme. An alternate explanation is that the word 'Shudra' does not occur anywhere else in the
4058:
3743:
In the kingdoms of the
Mahajanapadas, the king claimed kshatriya status through the Vedic religion. While kings claimed to be kshatriya, some kings came from non-kshatriya origins.
3568:
was a composition of the later Rig-vedic period itself to denote, legitimize and sanctify an oppressive and exploitative class structure that had already come into existence.
3587:
possibly indicates the 'kinsmen of the Rajan' (i.e., kinsmen of the ruler) had emerged as a distinct social group then, such that by the end of the Vedic period, the term
5183:
3692:
the order is—Brahmana, Vaishya, Rajanya, Shudra. The order of the
Brahmanical tradition—Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra—became fixed from the time of
3583:, it is considered the first instance in the extant Vedic texts where four social classes are mentioned for the first time together. Usage of the term
4727:
4672:
3607:
denotes power over a specific domain. The term rajanya unlike the word
Kshatriya essentially denoted the status within a lineage. Whereas
5911:
5786:
3982:
5796:
3961:
4228:
Radhakrishna
Choudhary (1964). The Vrātyas in Ancient India, Volume 38 of Chowkhamba Sanskrit studies, p. 125. Sanskrit Series Office.
6054:
123:
4492:
Hsuan Tsang mentions the existence of kshatriya rulers by stating that the ruler of Kosala was a kshatriya and follower of Buddhism.
4952:
4546:
4533:
Hiuen – Tsang ( first half of seventh century ) speaks Pulakeshi ( Pu – lo – ki – she ) as the great kshatriya king of Maharashtra.
4361:
5903:
5841:
4448:
4023:
2300:
886:
5883:
5214:
4860:
5878:
4125:
4070:
5888:
2179:
5921:
4526:
4643:
Indian History: Ancient and medieval, p. 22. Volume 1 of Indian History, Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd, 2003.
6069:
6049:
6028:
4458:
4371:
3423:
3056:
6033:
5916:
5759:
4556:
4309:
4260:
4095:
3992:
3971:
3864:, or staff, is assigned to the kshatriya class, along with a mantra, intended to impart physical vitality or 'ojas'.
5781:
4720:
2209:
1040:
5771:
4682:
4485:
160:
4193:
6064:
5836:
5831:
5315:
4774:
1633:
6059:
5893:
5858:
5809:
5533:
3637:, Jayaswal believes that Rajanya was the name of political people and that the Rajanyas were, therefore, a
2189:
2129:
109:
3527:
and did not maintain a standing army, though in the later period the rulership appears to have risen as a
732:
6136:
6013:
6003:
5870:
5078:
4713:
3359:
3250:
1860:
5993:
5332:
4853:
3378:
3049:
2953:
1900:
1569:
1254:
566:
1895:
6018:
5958:
3789:
3701:
3355:
3001:
2119:
1855:
143:
128:
796:
5963:
5953:
5310:
5122:
3449:
2911:
2904:
2883:
2592:
2482:
2454:
2184:
1074:
861:
836:
752:
6110:
6008:
5943:
3126:
2339:
2244:
2169:
1350:
1272:
165:
133:
17:
1312:
6141:
5968:
5597:
5339:
4301:
4294:
3416:
3325:
3255:
3091:
2720:
2489:
2149:
1050:
727:
4653:
4276:
4238:
4176:
6023:
5998:
5988:
5978:
5973:
5826:
4894:
4846:
4277:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, p. 202
4154:
4141:
3365:
3343:
3233:
3098:
2671:
2279:
2159:
1562:
1548:
716:
711:
6084:
6079:
5983:
5853:
5804:
5198:
5164:
5149:
4985:
4932:
4563:
Sīlāditya , the former Raja of Valabhi and Mo - la - p'o , was considered to be a Kshatriya
3766:, numerous clan-based polities in Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan claimed kshatriya status.
3351:
3347:
3339:
3228:
2890:
2468:
2438:
2269:
2174:
2070:
1800:
1694:
3800:
rulers were ruling the kingdoms like Kabul, Kosala, Bhillamala, Maharashtra and Vallabhi.
8:
5468:
5273:
5248:
5228:
5132:
4804:
4189:
4024:
India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-Continent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200
3920:
3747:
3383:
3276:
3112:
2643:
2505:
2249:
2139:
2124:
2030:
1970:
1935:
1835:
1415:
1327:
946:
605:
216:
118:
89:
4600:
1516:
706:
6131:
5625:
5607:
5602:
5590:
5424:
5243:
5223:
5193:
4975:
4947:
4752:
4604:
3305:
3291:
3010:
2535:
2431:
2259:
2239:
2234:
2229:
1830:
1596:
1467:
1079:
965:
6146:
5630:
5548:
5285:
5238:
5176:
5005:
4823:
4779:
4678:
4552:
4481:
4454:
4367:
4305:
4256:
4121:
4091:
4066:
3988:
3967:
3440:
3409:
3315:
3284:
3240:
2897:
2848:
2783:
2542:
2528:
2274:
2199:
2020:
1980:
1975:
1965:
1805:
1501:
1435:
1030:
767:
58:
4587:
Kolenda, Pauline Mahar (Spring 1963). "Toward a Model of the Hindu Jajmani System".
1880:
1287:
574:
6074:
5948:
5848:
5678:
5486:
5376:
5327:
5300:
5053:
5048:
4901:
4596:
3468:
3191:
3153:
3133:
3084:
3033:
2932:
2727:
2713:
2664:
2607:
2154:
1810:
1729:
1480:
1400:
1025:
451:
305:
202:
31:
3792:
to legitimate themselves as rulers. During his visit to India in the 7th century,
2569:
5819:
5511:
5322:
5068:
5058:
4827:
4622:
4505:
4475:
4115:
3930:
3746:
After the Mahajanapada period, most of the prominent royal dynasties in northern
3397:
3320:
3268:
3077:
2981:
2925:
2862:
2678:
2579:
2475:
2224:
2204:
2075:
1950:
1930:
1850:
1541:
1527:
1425:
1405:
1368:
960:
955:
682:
561:
525:
470:
465:
292:
1089:
841:
542:
5776:
5720:
5559:
5516:
5444:
5188:
5159:
5084:
5038:
4980:
4937:
4041:
3827:
3785:
3628:
3310:
3119:
2967:
2618:
2512:
2461:
2264:
2090:
2010:
1960:
1945:
1910:
1865:
1762:
1534:
1395:
1277:
1226:
1211:
1191:
1155:
1084:
866:
821:
772:
530:
155:
3684:(13,4,7), the Rajanya are placed first, followed by Brahmana then Vaishya. In
3680:(800 BCE to 700 BCE) there was ambiguity in the position of the varna. In the
912:
692:
623:
138:
6125:
5617:
5414:
5203:
5073:
5063:
5021:
4995:
4990:
4927:
4887:
4809:
4668:
3957:
3925:
3889:
3885:
3814:
3810:
3781:
3763:
3754:, whose rulers were stated to be shudras, destroyed many kshatriya lineages.
3721:
3619:
and may not have been used for the priestly class. Based on the authority of
3552:
3541:
2974:
2939:
2876:
2822:
2815:
2776:
2769:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2657:
2601:
2219:
2164:
2144:
2134:
2114:
2085:
1995:
1785:
1780:
1770:
1719:
1641:
1555:
1388:
1337:
1236:
1171:
1010:
777:
231:
47:
3657:(peasants) leading to a distinction between the chiefs as a separate class (
3620:
1955:
1714:
922:
917:
5650:
5577:
5356:
5346:
5265:
5015:
4922:
4872:
4652:
Omacanda Hāṇḍā. Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya, p. 251.
3852:
3751:
3528:
2946:
2855:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2734:
2392:
2214:
2050:
2045:
2005:
1915:
1905:
1875:
1845:
1775:
1679:
1601:
1332:
1297:
1221:
1196:
1125:
975:
826:
618:
613:
512:
499:
494:
3838:
A number of castes in the modern era began claiming the Kshatriya origin.
1150:
5814:
5645:
5635:
5585:
5567:
5478:
5439:
5233:
5144:
5127:
4757:
4090:. the University of Michigan: Oxford University Press. pp. 110–112.
3908:
3793:
3693:
3633:
3479:
3017:
2741:
2634:
2564:
2377:
2331:
2292:
2194:
2035:
2025:
1890:
1754:
1744:
1613:
1608:
1511:
1410:
1302:
1292:
1262:
1231:
1140:
907:
721:
644:
636:
438:
207:
4608:
5660:
5000:
3896:
3733:
3720:
form of government was an oligarchic republic during the period of the
3705:
3611:, means "ruling; one of the ruling order". Jaiswal points out the term
3063:
3024:
2988:
2869:
2808:
2415:
2407:
2318:
2095:
1870:
1820:
1674:
1664:
1430:
1378:
1307:
1216:
1145:
1135:
1130:
902:
677:
654:
649:
378:
178:
5706:
5701:
5668:
5640:
5528:
5523:
5459:
5381:
5295:
5010:
4942:
4747:
4109:
4107:
3638:
3624:
3105:
3042:
2960:
2792:
2363:
2323:
2254:
2100:
2065:
2015:
1985:
1920:
1840:
1739:
1709:
1689:
1373:
1317:
1282:
1267:
1186:
1181:
1163:
489:
403:
334:
273:
4568:
4239:
Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, p. 172
4210:: 1985. ed.). London: Oxford University Press. pp. 189–190
970:
39:
5715:
5687:
5673:
5540:
5506:
5464:
5449:
5409:
5154:
4736:
3725:
3677:
3483:
3245:
2801:
2627:
2584:
2551:
2402:
2397:
2370:
2080:
2060:
1990:
1940:
1815:
1704:
1620:
1591:
1586:
1455:
1445:
1342:
1322:
1246:
1241:
1206:
876:
856:
816:
782:
762:
742:
628:
504:
239:
197:
192:
66:
4104:
2308:
5711:
5696:
5692:
5454:
5404:
5396:
5386:
5290:
5278:
5137:
5033:
5027:
3899:("fire lineage"), in which an eponymous ancestor is claimed from
3877:
3774:
3729:
3646:
3642:
3547:
3502:
3496:
3476:
3178:
3168:
2918:
2839:
2831:
2648:
2574:
2559:
2356:
2055:
2000:
1734:
1684:
1654:
1649:
1521:
1496:
1383:
1015:
894:
871:
846:
757:
747:
556:
520:
408:
393:
388:
324:
319:
283:
278:
265:
43:
4255:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 78, 79, 33, 80, 27, 123.
3904:
3777:
were considered to be low-status kshatriyas by Brahmin authors.
3531:. The concept of the fourfold varna system is not yet recorded.
3214:
1060:
1055:
881:
5683:
5496:
5429:
5369:
5364:
5171:
4838:
4789:
4784:
4769:
4764:
4177:
Insights and Interventions: Essays in Honour of Uma Chakravarti
3903:(fire), and Nagavanshi (snake-born), claiming descent from the
3881:
3857:
3770:
3697:
3509:
3183:
2997:
2313:
2040:
1925:
1825:
1795:
1790:
1724:
1699:
1488:
1358:
1201:
1176:
1115:
1000:
995:
985:
927:
851:
811:
806:
737:
662:
597:
582:
484:
428:
413:
359:
339:
252:
247:
84:
3803:
5491:
5419:
4970:
3491:
3472:
3200:
3070:
2835:
2347:
1885:
1749:
1659:
1506:
1460:
1440:
1120:
1105:
1045:
1035:
1020:
1005:
980:
831:
801:
687:
587:
418:
383:
354:
349:
344:
329:
257:
4142:
Caste-based Discrimination in International Human Rights Law
4035:
4033:
3551:
describes the symbolic creation of the four varna-s through
5501:
5043:
4799:
4705:
4188:
3900:
1669:
1450:
1420:
1363:
1110:
1097:
990:
592:
433:
423:
398:
364:
314:
296:
4363:
Gautama Buddha: The Life and Teachings of The Awakened One
4318:
3494:
society wherein members were organised into four classes:
4428:
4392:
4380:
4330:
4030:
3615:
rarely occurs in the Rig-veda with the exception of the
4794:
4477:
Cultural rapprochement between India and Southeast Asia
3907:, whose description can be found in scriptures such as
537:
74:
3454:
4416:
4404:
4342:
3872:
The Vedas do not mention kshatriya (or varna) of any
3780:
In the third to fourth centuries CE, kingdoms in the
4195:
A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages
4700:
History and Culture of Indian People, The Vedic Age
4674:
History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300
4446:
4117:
The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India
4003:
4293:
4202:, compiled by Dorothy Rivers Turner: 1969. –
27:Ruling and warrior class of the Hindu varna system
4698:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
4114:Jamison, Stephanie W.; Brereton, Joel P. (2014).
3521:
6123:
4702:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996. pp. 313–314
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4624:Reflections on Resemblance, Ritual, and Religion
4544:
3704:, which led to religious ideas developed in the
3641:(with an elected ruler). Some examples were the
4551:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 325.
4528:Maratha-Rajput Relations from 1720 to 1795 A.D.
4113:
3818:took place both in North India and the Deccan.
4291:
3788:rivers claimed kshatriya status and performed
4854:
4721:
4630:
4198:(Accompanied by three supplementary volumes:
3956:
3417:
30:For the Bollywood film of the same name, see
5758:
5538:
4480:. National Book Organisation. pp. 5–6.
4524:
4120:. Oxford University Press. pp. 57–58.
3987:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 207.
3980:
4861:
4847:
4728:
4714:
4503:
4287:
4285:
3757:
3424:
3410:
4222:
4192:; Dorothy Rivers Turner (January 2006) .
5746:
3966:. Harvard University Press. p. 23.
3653:(aristocracy helping the ruler) and the
38:
4586:
4580:
4282:
3564:, leading some scholars to believe the
2301:Sources and classification of scripture
14:
6124:
4667:
4627:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1998
4574:
4434:
4422:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4231:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4085:
4009:
5745:
5102:
4842:
4709:
4531:University of California. p. 4.
4250:
4039:
3534:
923:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
918:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
4507:Rajasthan District Gazetteers: Jalor
4244:
3688:, the Rajanya are placed second. In
3665:(clan peasantry) on the other hand.
4601:10.17730/humo.22.1.x01162046g995q1j
4241:. Motilal Banarsidass Publications.
4160:
4155:Class and Religion in Ancient India
4153:Jayantanuja Bandyopadhyaya (2007).
4059:"Fifth Shade : Rama as A King"
3963:Political Violence in Ancient India
3475:society and is associated with the
24:
5104:
5103:
4692:
4677:. University of California Press.
4079:
3895:There are other lineages, such as
3826:Writing in the context of how the
25:
6158:
4144:, p. 26. Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
4056:
3804:Emergence of "Puranic" Kshatriyas
3659:raja, rajanya, kshatra, kshatriya
3463:, "rule, authority"; also called
6106:
6105:
4868:
4822:
3711:
3490:is used in the context of later
3391:
73:
4661:
4646:
4615:
4538:
4518:
4497:
4467:
4440:
4354:
4269:
4182:
3876:(lineage). The lineages of the
5747:
4253:General Studies History 4 Upsc
4147:
4134:
4050:
4015:
3948:
3668:The term kshatriya comes from
3522:Early Rigvedic tribal monarchy
161:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
13:
1:
4577:, p. 320, 324, 341, 370.
3936:
3821:
3686:Shatapatha Brahmana 13.8.3.11
3222:Other society-related topics:
913:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
4735:
4474:Mishra, Patit Paban (2005).
4447:Devi Dayal Aggarwal (2017).
3941:
3892:(Chandravamsha/Somavamsha).
3690:Shatapatha Brahmana 1.1.4.12
3333:Hinduism and other religions
2130:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
7:
4296:Daily Life in Ancient India
4086:Sharma, Ram Sharan (2005).
3914:
3835:and providing leadership."
3736:, Kshatriya is referred as
3455:
3078:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
3050:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
778:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
722:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)
717:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
10:
6163:
4953:Weberian (three-component)
4548:The Early History of India
4300:. Phoenix Press. pp.
4279:. Pearson Education India.
4237:Ram Sharan Sharma (1991).
4157:, pp. 37–47. Anthem Press.
3867:
3841:
3762:After the collapse of the
3599:stresses kinship with the
3516:
2954:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
1634:Gurus, sants, philosophers
1570:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
758:Uparati (self-settledness)
29:
6101:
6042:
5934:
5902:
5869:
5795:
5767:
5754:
5741:
5659:
5616:
5576:
5558:
5477:
5395:
5355:
5264:
5257:
5212:
5115:
5111:
5098:
4961:
4915:
4911:
4882:
4818:
4743:
4545:Vincent A. Smith (1999).
3750:were not kshatriyas. The
3702:historical Vedic religion
3444:
2120:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
773:Samadhana (concentration)
637:Three paths to liberation
144:Tribal religions in India
129:Historical Vedic religion
124:Indus Valley Civilisation
6075:Pre-industrial East Asia
4190:Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley
949:, sacrifice, and charity
5123:Administrative detainee
4292:Jeanne Auboyer (1965).
4179:, p. 148. Primus Books.
3888:(Suryavamsha); and the
3758:Post-Mauryan Kshatriyas
3127:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2340:Timeline of Hindu texts
2245:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
1273:Pumsavana Simantonayana
928:Śabda (word, testimony)
166:Epic-Puranic chronology
134:Dravidian folk religion
5539:
4450:India Ever Independent
4275:Upinder Singh (2008).
3092:Eighteen Greater Texts
2721:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
2150:Krishnananda Saraswati
1389:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
903:Pratyakṣa (perception)
763:Titiksha (forbearance)
51:
6080:Pre-industrial Europe
4366:. Hachette UK. 2011.
4208:Addenda et corrigenda
4057:Shori, Maj Gen A. K.
4040:Renou, Louis (1957).
3682:Panchavimsha Brahmana
3676:In the period of the
3467:) is one of the four
3208:Varna-related topics:
3099:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2672:Devi Bhagavata Purana
1563:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
1549:Achintya Bheda Abheda
1481:Philosophical schools
783:Ahamkara (attachment)
743:Vairagya (dispassion)
671:Mokṣa-related topics:
46:, a kshatriya of the
42:
5937: or countries
5748:By country or region
4986:Class discrimination
4525:K.A Acharya (1978).
4088:India's ancient past
4063:Seven Shades of Rama
4021:Bujor Avari (2007).
3984:The History of India
3981:John McLeod (2002).
3340:Hinduism and Jainism
2270:Vethathiri Maharishi
2175:Nisargadatta Maharaj
738:Viveka (discernment)
113:(500/200 BCE–300 CE)
50:in Hindu literature.
5469:Vanniar (Chieftain)
4504:K.K Sehgal (1973).
4437:, pp. 228–229.
4401:, pp. 155–156.
4389:, pp. 150–151.
4339:, pp. 146–150.
4327:, p. 129, 131.
4175:Kumkum Roy (2011).
4140:David Kean (2007).
3921:Indian caste system
3884:tradition are: the
3471:(social orders) of
3398:Hinduism portal
3277:Hinduism by country
3113:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3057:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2140:Dayananda Saraswati
2125:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
2031:Sripada Srivallabha
1971:Raghunatha Siromani
1936:Narasimha Saraswati
1836:Santadas Kathiababa
908:Anumāṇa (inference)
6137:Varnas in Hinduism
6050:18th-century Spain
5904:Standard of living
5608:Upper middle class
5603:Lower middle class
5194:Political prisoner
4976:Chattering classes
4948:Spoon class theory
4753:Hindu architecture
4589:Human Organization
3661:) on one hand and
3535:Later Vedic period
3292:Caribbean Shaktism
3011:Kanakadhara Stotra
2260:U. G. Krishnamurti
2240:Satyadhyana Tirtha
1831:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1489:Six Astika schools
733:Ānanda (happiness)
712:Anātman (non-self)
52:
6119:
6118:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
5930:
5929:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5631:Lumpenproletariat
5133:illegal immigrant
5094:
5093:
5006:Classless society
4836:
4835:
4204:Phonetic analysis
4127:978-0-19-937018-4
4072:978-93-84391-74-4
3459:) (from Sanskrit
3453:
3434:
3433:
3285:Balinese Hinduism
2784:Markandeya Purana
2021:Satyanatha Tirtha
1976:Raghuttama Tirtha
1966:Raghavendra Swami
1806:Ramdas Kathiababa
887:Sources of dharma
753:Dama (temperance)
748:Sama (equanimity)
114:
16:(Redirected from
6154:
6109:
6108:
5936:
5837:Mexican-American
5765:
5764:
5756:
5755:
5743:
5742:
5544:
5487:Business magnate
5377:Knowledge worker
5262:
5261:
5150:dual or multiple
5113:
5112:
5100:
5099:
5054:Social exclusion
5049:Social cleansing
4963:
4913:
4912:
4902:Economic classes
4863:
4856:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4826:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4688:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4628:
4621:Brian K. Smith.
4619:
4613:
4612:
4584:
4578:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4453:. Balboa Press.
4444:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4299:
4289:
4280:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4248:
4242:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4186:
4180:
4173:
4158:
4151:
4145:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4065:. Notion Press.
4054:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4028:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3977:
3952:
3856:or India fig or
3846:In rituals, the
3591:was replaced by
3458:
3448:
3446:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3356:and Christianity
3326:Pilgrimage sites
3256:Reform movements
3134:Vinayagar Agaval
3085:Five Great Epics
3034:Tamil literature
2933:Sushruta Samhita
2728:Bhavishya Purana
2714:Brahmanda Purana
2665:Bhagavata Purana
2593:Other scriptures
2155:Mahavatar Babaji
1730:Satyakama Jabala
1401:Ganesh Chaturthi
1255:Rites of passage
768:Shraddha (faith)
186:Major traditions
112:
77:
54:
53:
32:Kshatriya (film)
21:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6089:
6038:
5926:
5898:
5865:
5849:Underprivileged
5791:
5750:
5749:
5725:
5655:
5612:
5572:
5554:
5473:
5391:
5351:
5253:
5208:
5107:
5106:
5090:
5069:Social position
5059:Social mobility
4957:
4907:
4878:
4877:
4867:
4837:
4832:
4814:
4775:Gurus and sants
4739:
4734:
4695:
4693:Further reading
4685:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4631:
4620:
4616:
4585:
4581:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4543:
4539:
4523:
4519:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4445:
4441:
4433:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4409:
4405:
4397:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4249:
4245:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4206:: 1971. –
4187:
4183:
4174:
4161:
4152:
4148:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4084:
4080:
4073:
4055:
4051:
4038:
4031:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4004:
3995:
3974:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3931:Sanskritisation
3917:
3870:
3844:
3824:
3815:Lunar dynasties
3806:
3760:
3714:
3537:
3524:
3519:
3430:
3392:
3390:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3334:
3300:
3279:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3223:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3139:
3036:
3004:
2926:Charaka Samhita
2905:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
2863:Shilpa Shastras
2842:
2795:
2679:Naradiya Purana
2651:
2646:
2621:
2595:
2554:
2418:
2350:
2334:
2303:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2230:Shirdi Sai Baba
2225:Sathya Sai Baba
2205:Ramana Maharshi
2109:
2076:Vadiraja Tirtha
2071:Vācaspati Miśra
1951:Srinivasacharya
1931:Narahari Tirtha
1911:Matsyendranatha
1896:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
1861:Jagannatha Dasa
1851:Haridasa Thakur
1765:
1644:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1581:
1542:Vishishtadvaita
1491:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1426:Makar Sankranti
1406:Vasant Panchami
1369:Maha Shivaratri
1353:
1257:
1166:
1100:
1069:
950:
941:
933:
932:
897:
791:
728:Prajña (wisdom)
724:
701:
665:
639:
608:
577:
575:Meaning of life
562:God in Hinduism
551:
515:
513:Supreme reality
490:Subtle elements
479:
460:
454:
444:
443:
299:
268:
242:
234:
224:
223:
220:
187:
181:
171:
170:
115:
110:Hindu synthesis
106:
101:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6160:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6070:Ottoman Empire
6067:
6062:
6057:
6055:Ancient Greece
6052:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6029:United Kingdom
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5922:Home-ownership
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5801:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5777:American Dream
5774:
5768:
5762:
5752:
5751:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5690:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
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5610:
5605:
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5595:
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5593:
5582:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5545:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
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5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5361:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5270:
5268:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:Migrant worker
5186:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5109:
5108:
5105:By demographic
5096:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5085:Status Anxiety
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5039:Ranked society
5036:
5031:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4981:Class conflict
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4964: topics
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Mudsill theory
4935:
4930:
4925:
4919:
4917:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4683:
4669:Thapar, Romila
4663:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4645:
4629:
4614:
4579:
4567:
4557:
4537:
4517:
4496:
4486:
4466:
4460:978-1504391702
4459:
4439:
4427:
4425:, p. 227.
4415:
4413:, p. 211.
4403:
4391:
4379:
4373:978-1849169233
4372:
4353:
4351:, p. 170.
4341:
4329:
4317:
4310:
4281:
4268:
4261:
4251:Reddy (2005).
4243:
4230:
4221:
4181:
4159:
4146:
4133:
4126:
4103:
4096:
4078:
4071:
4049:
4046:. p. 130.
4029:
4014:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3978:
3972:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3926:Forward castes
3923:
3916:
3913:
3869:
3866:
3843:
3840:
3828:jajmani system
3823:
3820:
3805:
3802:
3759:
3756:
3713:
3710:
3575:uses the term
3536:
3533:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3362:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3229:Discrimination
3225:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3120:Abirami Antati
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3006:
3005:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2968:Ramcharitmanas
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2919:Pramana Sutras
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2891:Mimamsa Sutras
2887:
2884:Samkhya Sutras
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2849:Dharma Shastra
2844:
2843:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2483:Shvetashvatara
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2455:Brihadaranyaka
2450:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2374:
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2360:
2352:
2351:
2346:
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2342:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2327:
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2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Upasni Maharaj
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:Vedanta Desika
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:Samarth Ramdas
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Purandara Dasa
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Nimbarkacharya
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Jayanta Bhatta
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Raksha Bandhan
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Simantonnayana
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Carnatic music
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Bhagavata Mela
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:Kundalini yoga
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
951:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
898:
893:
890:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
792:
789:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
719:
714:
709:
703:
702:
699:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
674:
673:
667:
666:
661:
658:
657:
652:
647:
641:
640:
635:
632:
631:
626:
621:
616:
610:
609:
606:Stages of life
604:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
579:
578:
573:
570:
569:
567:God and gender
564:
559:
553:
552:
549:
546:
545:
540:
535:
534:
533:
528:
517:
516:
511:
508:
507:
502:
500:Gross elements
497:
492:
487:
481:
480:
477:
474:
473:
468:
462:
461:
458:
455:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
374:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
311:
310:
301:
300:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
270:
269:
264:
261:
260:
255:
250:
244:
243:
238:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
214:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
189:
188:
185:
182:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
156:Itihasa-Purana
147:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:
87:
79:
78:
70:
69:
63:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6159:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Indian castes
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6112:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6034:United States
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5935:Other regions
5933:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:United States
5757:
5753:
5744:
5740:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5199:Socioeconomic
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5101:
5097:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5074:Social stigma
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5064:Social orphan
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5023:
5022:Nouveau riche
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4996:Class traitor
4994:
4992:
4991:Class society
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4928:Gilbert model
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4654:
4649:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4571:
4564:
4560:
4558:9788171566181
4554:
4550:
4549:
4541:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4500:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4424:
4419:
4412:
4407:
4400:
4395:
4388:
4383:
4375:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4345:
4338:
4333:
4326:
4321:
4313:
4311:1-84212-591-5
4307:
4303:
4298:
4297:
4288:
4286:
4278:
4272:
4264:
4262:9780070604476
4258:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4234:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4156:
4150:
4143:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4097:9780195667141
4093:
4089:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4036:
4034:
4026:
4025:
4018:
4012:, p. 63.
4011:
4006:
3996:
3994:9780313314599
3990:
3986:
3985:
3979:
3975:
3973:9780674975279
3969:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3958:Upinder Singh
3955:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3890:Lunar dynasty
3887:
3886:Solar dynasty
3883:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3790:Vedic rituals
3787:
3783:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3764:Maurya Empire
3755:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3722:Mahajanapadas
3719:
3712:Mahajanapadas
3709:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3617:Purusha Sukta
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3573:Purusha Sukta
3571:Although the
3569:
3567:
3566:Purusha Sukta
3563:
3562:Purusha Sukta
3559:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3542:Purusha Sukta
3532:
3530:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3500:, kshatriya,
3499:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3442:
3438:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:Hindu culture
3297:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Organisations
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2975:Yoga Vasistha
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:Natya Shastra
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:Brahma Sutras
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:Sthapatyaveda
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:Gandharvaveda
2813:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:Varaha Purana
2774:
2772:
2771:
2770:Skanda Purana
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2707:Brahma Purana
2704:
2702:
2701:
2700:Garuda Purana
2697:
2695:
2694:
2693:Matsya Purana
2690:
2688:
2687:
2686:Vāmana Purana
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2658:Vishnu Purana
2655:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2602:Bhagavad Gita
2599:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
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2223:
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2218:
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2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Radhakrishnan
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Narayana Guru
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Jaggi Vasudev
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Chinmayananda
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2102:
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2037:
2034:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Ramprasad Sen
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
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1954:
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1949:
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1869:
1867:
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1859:
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1849:
1847:
1846:Gorakshanatha
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
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1829:
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1824:
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1814:
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1809:
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1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Allama Prabhu
1784:
1782:
1781:Akka Mahadevi
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:Abhinavagupta
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
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1741:
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1720:Prashastapada
1718:
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1698:
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1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:Other schools
1578:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1556:Shuddhadvaita
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
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1261:
1260:
1256:
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1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Kalaripayattu
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
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1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:Bharatanatyam
1170:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
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1129:
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1103:
1099:
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1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Nritta-Nritya
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
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1009:
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987:
984:
982:
979:
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964:
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904:
901:
900:
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880:
878:
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870:
868:
865:
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850:
848:
845:
843:
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835:
833:
830:
828:
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823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
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808:
805:
803:
800:
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795:
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766:
764:
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541:
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321:
318:
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184:
183:
180:
175:
174:
167:
164:
162:
159:
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152:
151:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
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120:
117:
111:
108:
107:
105:
97:
96:
91:
88:
86:
83:
82:
81:
80:
76:
72:
71:
68:
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:Lunar dynasty
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6085:Soviet Union
6060:Ancient Rome
5917:Homelessness
5842:Upper Middle
5714: /
5695: /
5686: /
5651:Working poor
5547:
5534:Robber baron
5434:
5357:Intellectual
5347:Royal family
5311:Ancient Rome
5165:second-class
5083:
5026:
5025: /
5020:
5016:High society
4923:Elite theory
4900:
4893:
4886:
4873:Social class
4699:
4673:
4662:Bibliography
4648:
4623:
4617:
4595:(1): 11–31.
4592:
4588:
4582:
4570:
4562:
4547:
4540:
4532:
4527:
4520:
4511:
4506:
4499:
4491:
4476:
4469:
4449:
4442:
4430:
4418:
4406:
4394:
4382:
4362:
4356:
4344:
4332:
4320:
4295:
4271:
4252:
4246:
4233:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4207:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4184:
4149:
4136:
4116:
4087:
4081:
4062:
4052:
4042:
4022:
4017:
4005:
3983:
3962:
3950:
3894:
3873:
3871:
3861:
3853:Ficus indica
3851:
3847:
3845:
3837:
3832:
3825:
3807:
3797:
3779:
3768:
3761:
3752:Nanda Empire
3745:
3742:
3737:
3717:
3715:
3694:dharmasutras
3689:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3632:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3529:social class
3525:
3508:
3501:
3495:
3487:
3464:
3460:
3436:
3435:
3358: /
3354: /
3350: /
3346: /
3344:and Buddhism
3342: /
3306:Architecture
3269:Other topics
3207:
3190:
3173:
3162:Four varnas:
3161:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3023:
3016:
3009:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2947:Panchatantra
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2898:Nyāya Sūtras
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2856:Artha Śastra
2854:
2847:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2763:Kūrma Purana
2761:
2756:Linga Purana
2754:
2749:Shiva Purana
2747:
2740:
2735:Padma Purana
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2633:
2626:
2611:s (Hinduism)
2608:
2600:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2521:Atharvaveda:
2520:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2385:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2235:Shraddhanand
2210:Ravi Shankar
2190:R. D. Ranade
2051:Śyāma Śastri
2046:Swaminarayan
2006:Rupa Goswami
1916:Morya Gosavi
1876:Jiva Goswami
1776:Adi Shankara
1602:Pratyabhijña
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1333:Samavartanam
1313:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
1298:Annaprashana
1222:Dandiya Raas
1197:Mohiniyattam
1090:Nididhyāsana
895:Epistemology
827:Brahmacharya
707:Ātman (self)
670:
614:Brahmacharya
543:Saccidānanda
495:Panchikarana
371:
304:
295: /
291:Other major
215:
149:
148:
103:
36:
6004:New Zealand
5721:Untouchable
5646:Proletariat
5636:Pea-pickers
5586:Bourgeoisie
5274:Aristocracy
5160:naturalized
5155:native-born
4575:Thapar 2004
4435:Thapar 2004
4423:Thapar 2004
4411:Thapar 2004
4399:Thapar 2004
4387:Thapar 2004
4349:Thapar 2004
4337:Thapar 2004
4325:Thapar 2004
4043:Vedic India
4010:Thapar 2004
3909:Mahabharata
3796:noted that
3794:Hieun Tsang
3718:gaṇa sangha
3634:Mahabharata
3560:except the
3480:aristocracy
3352:and Judaism
3348:and Sikhism
3316:Iconography
3241:Nationalism
3234:Persecution
3018:Shiva Stuti
2912:Yoga Sutras
2742:Agni Purana
2644:Other texts
2635:Mahabharata
2378:Atharvaveda
2275:Vivekananda
2200:Rama Tirtha
2195:Ramakrishna
2170:Nigamananda
2160:Mahesh Yogi
2036:Sripadaraja
2026:Siddheshwar
1921:Mukundarāja
1901:Madhusūdana
1891:Kanaka Dasa
1811:Chakradhara
1755:Yajnavalkya
1745:Vishvamitra
1614:Pancharatra
1512:Vaisheshika
1468:Ratha Yatra
1416:Janmashtami
1411:Rama Navami
1328:Ritushuddhi
1303:Chudakarana
1293:Nishkramana
1263:Garbhadhana
1232:Pandav Lila
1141:Bhakti yoga
1026:Prāyaścitta
797:Niti śastra
645:Bhakti yoga
624:Vānaprastha
439:Vishvakarma
372:Post-Vedic:
208:Vaishnavism
150:Traditional
6126:Categories
5994:Luxembourg
5884:Inequality
5549:Superclass
5340:Hereditary
5316:Post-Roman
5307:Patrician
5177:adolescent
5001:Classicide
4684:0520242254
4513:abilities.
4487:8187521171
4214:23 October
3937:References
3897:Agnivanshi
3822:Modern era
3734:Pali canon
3706:Upanishads
3192:Varna-less
3064:Tiruppukal
3025:Vayu Stuti
2989:Panchadasi
2982:Swara yoga
2870:Kama Sutra
2809:Dhanurveda
2469:Taittiriya
2447:Yajurveda:
2439:Kaushitaki
2416:Upanishads
2408:Upanishads
2332:Scriptures
2180:Prabhupada
2096:Vidyaranya
1981:Ram Charan
1956:Prabhākara
1871:Jayatīrtha
1821:Dadu Dayal
1816:Chāngadeva
1675:Bharadwaja
1665:Ashtavakra
1431:Kumbh Mela
1379:Durga Puja
1308:Karnavedha
1288:Nāmakaraṇa
1217:Yakshagana
1146:Karma yoga
1136:Jnana yoga
1131:Hatha yoga
1068:Meditation
1041:Tirthadana
822:Aparigraha
678:Paramātman
663:Liberation
655:Karma yoga
650:Jnana yoga
379:Dattatreya
179:Traditions
104:Historical
6132:Kshatriya
6019:Sri Lanka
5912:Education
5879:Household
5772:Affluence
5707:Rat tribe
5669:Ant tribe
5641:Precariat
5626:Lazzaroni
5568:Bohemians
5529:Overclass
5524:Old money
5460:Spartiate
5435:Kshatriya
5425:Hashashin
5382:Professor
5323:Political
5296:Oligarchy
5286:Hanseaten
5204:Stateless
5184:Convicted
5116:By status
5079:Subaltern
5011:Euthenics
4943:New class
4748:Hindu art
3942:Citations
3848:nyagrodha
3798:kshatriya
3732:. In the
3678:Brahmanas
3639:democracy
3629:Kātyāyana
3625:Patanjali
3605:Kshatriya
3593:Kshatriya
3581:Kshatriya
3539:The hymn
3488:kṣatriyaḥ
3450:romanized
3437:Kshatriya
3366:Criticism
3360:and Islam
3321:Mythology
3174:Kshatriya
3106:Athichudi
3043:Tirumurai
2961:Tirumurai
2570:Vyākaraṇa
2506:Chandogya
2498:Samaveda:
2386:Divisions
2364:Yajurveda
2324:Ātmatuṣṭi
2280:Yogananda
2255:Trailanga
2250:Sivananda
2115:Aurobindo
2101:Vyasaraja
2066:Tyagaraja
2016:Sankardev
1986:Ramananda
1881:Jñāneśvar
1856:Harivansh
1841:Gaudapada
1801:Chaitanya
1740:Vashistha
1710:Patanjali
1690:Jamadagni
1609:Vaishnava
1597:Pashupata
1374:Navaratri
1351:Festivals
1318:Upanayana
1283:Jatakarma
1268:Pumsavana
1187:Kuchipudi
1182:Kathakali
1151:Rāja yoga
1085:Samādhāna
966:Prarthana
940:Practices
867:Svādhyāya
471:Mythology
466:Cosmology
459:Worldview
404:Kartikeya
335:Prajapati
274:Saraswati
6147:Warriors
6111:Category
6043:Historic
5964:Colombia
5954:Cambodia
5889:Personal
5787:Mobility
5716:Freedman
5702:Plebeian
5688:Prisoner
5674:Commoner
5560:Creative
5541:Seigneur
5507:Nobility
5465:Vanniyar
5450:Pendekar
5410:Cossacks
5044:Snobbery
4916:Theories
4737:Hinduism
4671:(2004).
4609:44124164
3960:(2017).
3915:See also
3786:Godavari
3738:khattiya
3726:Buddhism
3631:and the
3595:; where
3558:Rig-veda
3484:Sanskrit
3456:Kṣatriya
3445:क्षत्रिय
3441:Sanskrit
3379:Glossary
3311:Calendar
3246:Hindutva
3169:Brahmana
2840:samhitas
2832:Shastras
2802:Ayurveda
2793:Upavedas
2628:Ramayana
2619:Itihasas
2585:Jyotisha
2552:Vedangas
2536:Mandukya
2432:Aitareya
2424:Rigveda:
2403:Aranyaka
2398:Brahmana
2371:Samaveda
2086:Valluvar
2081:Vallabha
2061:Tulsidas
1991:Ramanuja
1941:Nayanars
1926:Namadeva
1763:Medieval
1705:Kashyapa
1621:Charvaka
1592:Kapalika
1456:Puthandu
1446:Vaisakhi
1343:Antyesti
1323:Keshanta
1247:Adimurai
1242:Silambam
1207:Sattriya
1192:Manipuri
877:Mitahara
857:Santosha
817:Achourya
629:Sannyasa
619:Gṛhastha
478:Ontology
452:Concepts
240:Trimurti
203:Smartism
198:Shaktism
193:Shaivism
67:Hinduism
59:a series
57:Part of
6014:Romania
6009:Nigeria
5894:Poverty
5797:Classes
5782:History
5693:Peasant
5679:Outcast
5618:Working
5598:Burgher
5455:Samurai
5445:Ocēlōtl
5405:Chhetri
5397:Warrior
5387:Scholar
5301:Russian
5291:Magnate
5279:Aristoi
5258:By type
5145:Citizen
5138:refugee
5034:Poverty
5028:Parvenu
4962:Related
4933:Marxian
4895:Stratum
4810:Studies
4805:Worship
4200:indexes
4027:, p. 89
3878:Itihasa
3868:Lineage
3842:Symbols
3782:Krishna
3775:Yavanas
3730:Jainism
3700:of the
3670:kshatra
3651:rajanya
3643:Andhaka
3613:Brahman
3609:Kshatra
3597:rajanya
3589:rajanya
3585:Rajanya
3577:rajanya
3548:Rigveda
3545:to the
3517:History
3503:vaishya
3497:brahmin
3477:warrior
3465:Rajanya
3452::
3384:Outline
3179:Vaishya
3147:Society
2998:Stotras
2649:Puranas
2575:Nirukta
2565:Chandas
2560:Shiksha
2543:Prashna
2529:Mundaka
2393:Samhita
2357:Rigveda
2220:Samarth
2056:Tukaram
2001:Ravidas
1735:Valmiki
1685:Jaimini
1655:Angiras
1650:Agastya
1642:Ancient
1528:Advaita
1522:Vedanta
1517:Mīmāṃsā
1497:Samkhya
1384:Ramlila
1126:Sādhanā
1016:Tarpana
1001:Kīrtana
996:Bhajana
947:Worship
872:Shaucha
847:Akrodha
693:Saṃsāra
557:Ishvara
526:Nirguna
521:Brahman
485:Tattvas
409:Krishna
394:Hanuman
389:Ganesha
325:Chandra
320:Ashvins
284:Parvati
279:Lakshmi
266:Tridevi
232:Deities
139:Śramaṇa
119:History
100:Origins
90:History
44:Bhishma
18:Kshatri
5969:France
5949:Belize
5944:Africa
5871:Income
5827:Middle
5820:Gentry
5684:Outlaw
5591:Petite
5578:Middle
5512:Landed
5497:Gentry
5430:Knight
5370:Priest
5365:Clergy
5328:Family
5266:Ruling
5215:collar
5172:Clique
4888:Status
4828:Portal
4790:Moksha
4785:Mantra
4770:Dharma
4765:Chakra
4681:
4607:
4555:
4484:
4457:
4370:
4308:
4259:
4124:
4094:
4069:
3991:
3970:
3882:Purana
3874:vamsha
3860:tree)
3858:banyan
3833:kamins
3771:Shakas
3698:yajnas
3621:Pāṇini
3579:, not
3553:cosmic
3510:shudra
3482:. The
3469:varnas
3461:kṣatra
3184:Shudra
3002:stutis
2838:, and
2836:sutras
2490:Maitri
2215:Ramdas
2108:Modern
2041:Surdas
1906:Madhva
1826:Eknath
1796:Basava
1791:Alvars
1725:Raikva
1715:Pāṇini
1700:Kapila
1695:Kanada
1680:Gotama
1587:Shaiva
1535:Dvaita
1436:Pongal
1359:Diwali
1338:Vivaha
1202:Odissi
1177:Kathak
1116:Yogini
1080:Dhyana
1031:Tirtha
986:Bhakti
976:Temple
971:Śrauta
852:Arjava
812:Ahimsa
807:Niyama
790:Ethics
598:Moksha
583:Dharma
531:Saguna
429:Shakti
414:Kubera
360:Varuna
340:Pushan
253:Vishnu
248:Brahma
85:Hindus
6065:Aztec
6024:Tibet
5999:Nepal
5989:Italy
5979:India
5974:Haiti
5959:China
5859:Under
5854:Lower
5832:Black
5815:Donor
5810:Black
5805:Upper
5712:Slave
5661:Under
5517:Petty
5492:Elite
5479:Upper
5420:Harii
5415:Cuāuh
5249:White
5229:Green
5128:Alien
4971:Caste
4780:Karma
4758:Music
4605:JSTOR
4302:26–27
3905:Nāgas
3862:danda
3811:Solar
3748:India
3647:Vrsni
3601:Rajan
3492:Vedic
3486:term
3473:Hindu
3201:Dalit
3154:Varna
3071:Kural
2609:Agama
2580:Kalpa
2476:Katha
2348:Vedas
2319:Ācāra
2314:Smṛti
2309:Śruti
2293:Texts
1886:Kabir
1750:Vyasa
1660:Aruni
1507:Nyaya
1461:Vishu
1441:Ugadi
1121:Asana
1106:Sadhu
1075:Tapas
1046:Matha
1036:Yatra
1021:Vrata
1006:Yajna
981:Murti
862:Tapas
837:Damah
832:Satya
802:Yamas
688:Karma
588:Artha
505:Guṇas
419:Radha
384:Durga
355:Ushas
350:Surya
345:Rudra
330:Indra
306:Vedic
297:Devis
293:Devas
258:Shiva
5984:Iran
5697:Serf
5502:Lord
5440:Nair
5333:List
5244:Pink
5234:Grey
5224:Blue
5213:By "
4800:Yoga
4679:ISBN
4553:ISBN
4482:ISBN
4455:ISBN
4368:ISBN
4306:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4216:2011
4122:ISBN
4092:ISBN
4067:ISBN
3989:ISBN
3968:ISBN
3901:Agni
3813:and
3784:and
3773:and
3769:The
3728:and
3716:The
3645:and
3603:and
3507:and
3215:Jāti
3000:and
2513:Kena
2462:Isha
1670:Atri
1502:Yoga
1451:Bihu
1421:Onam
1364:Holi
1164:Arts
1111:Yogi
1098:Yoga
1061:Sevā
1056:Dāna
1011:Homa
991:Japa
961:Ārtī
956:Puja
882:Dāna
842:Dayā
700:Mind
683:Maya
593:Kama
434:Sita
424:Rama
399:Kali
365:Vayu
315:Agni
217:List
5239:New
4597:doi
3663:vis
3655:vis
550:God
6128::
4795:Om
4632:^
4603:.
4593:22
4591:.
4561:.
4510:.
4490:.
4304:.
4284:^
4162:^
4106:^
4061:.
4032:^
3911:.
3740:.
3708:.
3627:,
3623:,
3513:.
3447:,
3443::
2834:,
538:Om
61:on
5467:/
5217:"
4862:e
4855:t
4848:v
4729:e
4722:t
4715:v
4687:.
4611:.
4599::
4463:.
4376:.
4314:.
4265:.
4218:.
4130:.
4100:.
4075:.
3997:.
3976:.
3880:-
3850:(
3505:,
3439:(
3425:e
3418:t
3411:v
3194::
308::
34:.
20:)
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