388:, where something is good because it is able to perform its function well, and the final good, where an end or a life is good. Final goods are what make things important, and a thing possesses the final good if things can be good or bad for that thing. She also distinguishes between ordinary objects such as knives, for which being sharpened is good in the sense that it helps the knife achieve its function of cutting well, organisms, which have a function to tend to their and their species' own well-functioning, and animals, a particular kind of organism which represent the world to themselves and act using this representation for the function of self-maintenance. This representation enables the animal to have self-maintenance not only as a functional good, but also as a final good. Therefore, final goods need not come from
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392:, but from any animal. Korsgaard defines people as "normative self-governed beings" and says that the rational capacity to evaluate oneself and reflect on one's motives makes people different from animals. This means that while non-person animals are not responsible for their actions and do not have duties to other animals, people are and do. Further, she distinguishes between two different kinds of ends-in-of-themselves:
411:
Clearly the active sense implies the passive sense, but
Korsgaard departs from Kant in claiming that the converse fails. In fact, the choice to set a value on an end is made merely because one desires the end, because it is good with respect to the being making the choice; in other words, because it
383:
She has also given several lectures about animal rights, including the 2014 Uehiro
Lectures on The Moral and Legal Standing of Animals. In these lectures, Korsgaard argues that importance is tethered to a creature who finds it important. While according to this view there is no "free-floating"
384:
untethered importance, there is absolute importance, which occurs when something is important to all beings. Therefore, to
Korsgaard, the statement that animals are universally less important than humans is not incorrect, but incoherent. She distinguishes between the evaluative or functional
416:, the being is committed to valuing the ends of all beings with the final good (animals). In other words, all animals are passive ends-in-of-themselves, but non-person are not active ends-in-of-themselves.
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517:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 215–54. (Reprinted with Afterword in Korsgaard (2008), pp. 27–69.)
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83 (1): 5-25. (Reprinted in as ch.11 in
Korsgaard (1996b), pp. 311–334.)
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and its history; the relation of issues in moral philosophy to issues in
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is a being with the final good. Therefore, when universalized using the
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who is the Arthur
Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy Emerita at
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in 2015. She served as
President of the Eastern Division of the
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2014 Uehiro
Lectures: The Moral and Legal Standing of Animals
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if it is capable of legislating ends that one must respect.
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Presidents of the
American Philosophical Association
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Harvard University Department of Philosophy faculty
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if things that are good for it are good absolutely.
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374:Fellow Creatures: Our Obligations to Other Animals
335:Self-Constitution: Agency, Identity, and Integrity
1987:
325:. In 2002, she was the first woman to give the
2071:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
317:, and also a collection of her past papers on
27:American philosopher in Left-Kantian tradition
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2076:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
1741:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
502:(1986) "Skepticism about Practical Reason,"
309:In 1996 Korsgaard published a book entitled
346:Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy
255:for two years and transferred to receive a
801:
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40:
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300:University of California at Santa Barbara
267:from Harvard, where she was a student of
484:, New York: Cambridge University Press,
469:, New York: Cambridge University Press,
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403:Something is an end-in-of-itself in the
396:Something is an end-in-of-itself in the
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1773:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
597:"Past Lectures - Faculty of Philosophy"
342:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
313:, which was the revised version of her
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14:
1988:
219:. Her main scholarly interests are in
2031:Homewood-Flossmoor High School alumni
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211:; born April 9, 1952) is an American
1789:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
24:
2046:21st-century American philosophers
2041:20th-century American philosophers
435:: Our obligations to other animals
350:American Philosophical Association
333:, which turned into her 2009 book
271:. She was awarded an honorary LHD
25:
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2056:American people of Danish descent
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453:: Agency, Identity, and Integrity
279:in 2004. She is a 1970 alumna of
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340:She was elected a Fellow of the
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2011:American animal rights scholars
538:List of animal rights advocates
368:for over 40 years and is now a
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1757:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
1127:Value monism – Value pluralism
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372:. In 2018, Korsgaard authored
281:Homewood-Flossmoor High School
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2066:American philosophers of mind
747:Korsgaard, Christine (2014).
533:List of American philosophers
1821:On the Genealogy of Morality
1781:Critique of Practical Reason
753:(Speech). Oxford University.
698:. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
482:Creating the Kingdom of Ends
360:Korsgaard is an advocate of
323:Creating the Kingdom of Ends
7:
2016:American women philosophers
2006:21st-century American women
774:Interview with 3AM Magazine
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515:Ethics and Practical Reason
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437:, Oxford University Press,
253:Eastern Illinois University
10:
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1749:A Treatise of Human Nature
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714:The Philosophers' Magazine
673:www.people.fas.harvard.edu
467:The Sources of Normativity
462:, Oxford University Press.
460:The Constitution of Agency
455:, Oxford University Press.
311:The Sources of Normativity
168:Christine Marion Korsgaard
34:Christine Marion Korsgaard
2026:Harvard University alumni
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770:- at Harvard University.
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513:& Berys Gaut (eds.)
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380:supports animal rights.
273:Doctor of Humane Letters
889:Artificial intelligence
104:20th-century philosophy
708:Nobis, Nathan (2019).
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277:University of Illinois
261:University of Illinois
237:personal relationships
90:University of Illinois
2051:Analytic philosophers
1813:The Methods of Ethics
1051:Divine command theory
1046:Ideal observer theory
420:Selected publications
304:University of Chicago
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2036:Kantian philosophers
1930:Political philosophy
768:Korsgaard's Web Page
726:10.5840/tpm201987100
331:University of Oxford
247:Education and career
231:, and the theory of
1900:Evolutionary ethics
1861:Reasons and Persons
1837:A Theory of Justice
991:Uncertain sentience
528:American philosophy
327:John Locke Lectures
283:in Flossmoor, Ill.
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1895:Ethics in religion
1890:Descriptive ethics
1725:Nicomachean Ethics
376:which argues that
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217:Harvard University
136:Harvard University
114:Western philosophy
86:Harvard University
1983:
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1950:Social philosophy
1935:Population ethics
1925:Philosophy of law
1905:History of ethics
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1065:Euthyphro dilemma
856:Suffering-focused
451:Self-Constitution
290:Korsgaard in 2019
233:personal identity
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1095:Quasi-realism
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356:Animal rights
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63:(age 72)
55:April 9, 1952
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1954:
1910:Human rights
1853:After Virtue
1703:
1579:Schopenhauer
1353:Moral agency
1226:Common sense
1122:Universalism
1090:Expressivism
1070:Intuitionism
1041:Subjectivism
986:Terraforming
961:Professional
749:
742:
717:
713:
703:
687:
676:. Retrieved
672:
663:
652:. Retrieved
648:the original
638:
630:the original
625:
616:
605:. Retrieved
601:the original
591:
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566:. Retrieved
562:the original
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398:active sense
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364:. She was a
359:
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322:
310:
308:
293:
250:
243:in general.
167:
166:
151:
132:Institutions
2001:1952 births
1728:(c. 322 BC)
1594:Kierkegaard
1413:Stewardship
1190:Rousseauian
1107:Rationalism
1019:Cognitivism
966:Programming
941:Meat eating
914:Engineering
720:: 113–114.
241:normativity
225:metaphysics
213:philosopher
1990:Categories
1624:Bonhoeffer
1333:Immorality
1276:Eudaimonia
1236:Conscience
1231:Compassion
1117:Skepticism
1112:Relativism
1029:Naturalism
1009:Absolutism
981:Technology
831:Deontology
678:2018-05-16
654:2015-07-19
607:2014-12-19
568:2015-06-04
366:vegetarian
302:, and the
269:John Rawls
156:Kantianism
59:1952-04-09
1885:Casuistry
1797:Either/Or
1704:Korsgaard
1699:Azurmendi
1664:MacIntyre
1604:Nietzsche
1534:Augustine
1529:Confucius
1509:Aristotle
1485:Ethicists
1443:Intrinsic
1408:Suffering
1318:Happiness
1291:Free will
1271:Etiquette
1216:Authority
1160:Epicurean
1155:Confucian
1150:Christian
1085:Emotivism
909:Discourse
846:Pragmatic
818:Normative
734:213858580
583:"Faculty"
275:from the
259:from the
239:; and in
18:Korsgaard
1975:Category
1915:Ideology
1880:Axiology
1709:Nussbaum
1659:Frankena
1654:Anscombe
1644:Williams
1599:Sidgwick
1519:Valluvar
1514:Diogenes
1499:Socrates
1423:Theodicy
1418:Sympathy
1383:Pacifism
1373:Morality
1286:Fidelity
1266:Equality
1221:Autonomy
1209:Concepts
1170:Feminist
1145:Buddhist
1075:Nihilism
1014:Axiology
971:Research
904:Computer
899:Business
696:Phys.org
522:See also
497:Articles
480:(1996b)
465:(1996a)
126:Analytic
71:Illinois
1873:Related
1619:Tillich
1584:Bentham
1559:Spinoza
1554:Aquinas
1539:Mencius
1453:Western
1428:Torture
1393:Precept
1348:Loyalty
1343:Liberty
1338:Justice
1251:Dignity
1241:Consent
1185:Kantian
1175:Islamic
1138:Schools
1024:Realism
956:Nursing
951:Medical
936:Machine
876:Applied
669:"Index"
458:(2008)
448:(2009)
430:(2018)
329:at the
67:Chicago
57: (
1864:(1984)
1856:(1981)
1848:(1979)
1840:(1971)
1832:(1903)
1824:(1887)
1816:(1874)
1808:(1861)
1800:(1843)
1792:(1820)
1784:(1788)
1776:(1785)
1768:(1780)
1760:(1759)
1752:(1740)
1744:(1726)
1736:(1677)
1694:Taylor
1679:Parfit
1674:Singer
1649:Mackie
1524:Cicero
1465:Virtue
1398:Rights
1323:Honour
1180:Jewish
976:Sexual
884:Animal
866:Virtue
810:Ethics
732:
488:
473:
441:
390:people
298:, the
263:and a
227:, the
154:
152:·
150:
121:School
110:Region
1956:Index
1718:Works
1689:Adams
1684:Nagel
1639:Dewey
1634:Rawls
1614:Barth
1609:Moore
1574:Hegel
1549:Xunzi
1504:Plato
1494:Laozi
1475:Wrong
1448:Japan
1438:Value
1433:Trust
1328:Ideal
1195:Stoic
946:Media
931:Legal
730:S2CID
544:Notes
425:Books
370:vegan
1669:Hare
1629:Foot
1589:Mill
1569:Kant
1564:Hume
1544:Mozi
1460:Vice
1378:Norm
1306:Evil
1301:Good
1261:Duty
1001:Meta
924:Land
851:Role
836:Care
486:ISBN
471:ISBN
439:ISBN
386:good
319:Kant
296:Yale
265:Ph.D
257:B.A.
52:Born
1470:Vow
1200:Tao
894:Bio
722:doi
189:ɔːr
173:FBA
100:Era
1992::
728:.
718:87
716:.
712:.
694:.
671:.
624:.
337:.
198:ɑː
170:,
73:,
69:,
802:e
795:t
788:v
736:.
724::
681:.
657:.
610:.
585:.
571:.
492:.
477:.
445:.
207:/
204:d
201:r
195:ɡ
192:z
186:k
183:ˈ
180:/
176:(
61:)
20:)
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