Korean cuisine - Knowledge

3722:(잡채; 雜菜) is a dish made by inserting in boiling water roasted vegetables, mushrooms and meat, each of them roasted. This is one of the most popular dishes in Korean tradition enjoyed on special occasion like weddings, holidays and birthday. There are two types of Japchae, one that includes glass noodles and another without noodles. According to the Korean cookbook Diminbang 음식디미방 (around 1670), there's only the recipe without glass noodles. The original recipe without glass noodles is made by boiling vegetables such as cucumbers, pine mushrooms, bean sprouts, bellflowers green onion, then they are sprinkled with ginger, pepper, sesame oil, and flour. The sauce is made by boiling minced pink meat and soybean paste that is lightly filtered with sesame oil and flour. To match the name more than 20 ingredients were used. In Gyongon Yoram is also recorded japchae seasoned with mustard sauce without glass noodles. However, since the 1930s, appears the japchae recipe with glass noodles alongside the original recipe. Also, during the Joseon dynasty the recipe of japchae, with and without glass noodles, was added to the cookbook. Also, there is also a variant of japchae with meat, or one with abalone or other seafood in 1930s.It is a local food that shows the traditional recipe. In the Jinju region, Jamung-sam, Yokimun, is a local dish with soy sauce and sesame oil, and the seafood, such as octopus, skates, and mixed several vegetables stained in oil. Because it uses various ingredients, it has high calorie, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral, and sufficient nutritional. It is the first item to choose when you want a feast table. 4097:/ Korean thanksgiving (추석) to express gratitude towards ancestors. Songpyeon recordings appear from the 17th century. It is said in 『Yorok 要錄』, "Make rice cakes with white rice flour, steam them with pine and pine needles and wash them off with water." At the beginning of Songpyeon, rice cakes were made simply with white rice powder, pine needles were steamed and then washed in water. It is said that "red beans, pine nuts, walnuts, ginger and cinnamon" were added in the "Buyin Pilji 婦人必知". In 『Korean Rice Cakes, Hangwa, Eumcheongryu』, “In mountainous regions such as Gangwon-do and Chungcheong-do, potato songpyeon, acorn songpyeon and songgisongpyeon have been prepared and eaten. In the coastal areas of Hamgyeong-do, Pyeongan-do and Gyeonggi-do, shellfish songpyeon as produced and eaten, and in the southern regions of Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do, songpyeon with moss leaves was produced and eaten. 2304: 3598: 2047: 3589:, although with the advent of refrigerators, special kimchi freezers and commercially produced kimchi, this practice has become less common. Kimchi is a vegetable-based food which includes low calorie, low fat, and no cholesterol. Also, it is a rich source of various vitamins and minerals. It contains vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, and vitamin K and minerals which are calcium, iron, phosphorus, and selenium.The same lactobacilli bacteria found in yogurt and other fermented dairy products are also found in kimchi. In 2021, Koreans collectively consumed 1,965,000 tons of Kimchi, with average Korean consuming 88.3 grams of Kimchi daily. 5190: 3585:, or sometimes cucumber. There are 4 types of raw materials which are major ones: spices, seasonings, and other additional materials. Red and black pepper, cinnamon, garlic, ginger, onion, and mustard are the example of spices. There are endless varieties with regional variations, and it is served as a side dish or cooked into soups and rice dishes. In the late 15th century, it depicted Korean's custom that Korean ancestors buried kimchi jars in the ground for storage for the entire winter season, as fermented foods can keep for several years. These were stored in traditional Korean mud pots known as 2794: 74: 1949: 3425:

originally boiled in pheasant meat soup. It says, “hunting pheasant is not easy, and since they breed chickens, they use chicken instead of pheasant, and if there’s not chicken they even used beef”(꿩 대신 닭). In North Korea, there is a variation of this recipe called joraengi tteokguk where rice cakes are made in the shape of balls. it is eaten on New Year's Day because Koreans believe that if you eat a bowl of tteok-guk on the first of the lunar year, you get one year older. There is the belief that rice cakes in oval shape bring fortune since they resemble old Korean coins known as

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dried and fried glutinous rice, sebann with finely chopped sesame seeds, seunggeomcho and pine nut powder are used. In addition, they are dyed pink, yellow, etc. Depending on the region, it is also called Gwajul or Sanja. First, soak some good glutinous rice in water and let it ferment so that the glutinous rice sticks. The fermentation period varies from one week to ten days depending on the season, and after having fermented until crushed by hand, knead and steam it for a long time, then beat until cherries form.

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predating the Joseon period, the majority of these records mostly reflect the vast variety of foods, but do not mention the specific foods presented. The meals cooked for the royal family did not reflect the seasons, as the commoner's meals would have. Instead, their meals varied significantly day-to-day. Each of the eight provinces was represented each month in the royal palace by ingredients presented by their governors, which gave the cooks a wide assortment of ingredients to use for royal meals.

3889: 3742: 4015: 2944: 2565: 4155: 3565: 5721: 1101: 11828: 5450:, it is impolite for a king and his vassal, a father and his son, or a teacher and his student to drink face to face. Also, a guest should not refuse the first drink offered by host, and in the most formal situations, the diner should politely twice refuse a drink offered by the eldest male or a host. When the host offers for the third time, then finally the guest can receive it. If the guest refuses three times, drink is not to be offered any more. 11868: 11848: 3926:

croaker, cod, and Pollack. Vegetables used are: pumpkins, pepper,sesame leaves etc. In the summer potatoes are harvested, and the mung beans are made in the winter. According to the regional cases many buckwheat production are in Pyeongchang and Bongpyeong area, first set the small green onions or cabbage leaves and turn the thin buckwheat dough on it. There is no special taste, but the hands are still in the hand of buckwheat.

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were placed high on the banquet table. In the aristocratic family, it is customary to send gangjeong to accompany the groom or to business guests returning from a wedding party to the bride's house, full of dongguri intertwined with stones or willows.↵Furthermore, Yugwa was chosen as the ancestral food par excellence for the ancestors, and is a food not to be missed during the Lunar New Year holiday.

3091: 5304: 4341: 4083: 44: 5410:. The use of the spoon for eating rice and soups is expected. There are rules which reflect the decorum of sharing communal side dishes; rules include not picking through the dishes for certain items while leaving others, and the spoon used should be clean, because usually diners put their spoons in the same serving bowl on the table. Diners should also cover their mouths when using a 5327: 3168:(농가월령가). This poem, which is an important source of Korean folk history, describes what ordinary Korean farming families did in each month of the year. In the description of the month of August the poem tells of a married woman visiting her birth parents with boiled dog meat, rice cake, and rice wine, thus showing the popularity of dog meat at the time (Ahn, 2000; Seo, 2002). 4818:

among the bourgeois class is a dish that can never be missing. However, they are not prepared with difficulty as in ancient times and are easily found on the market. You can buy them anywhere easily and enjoy them comfortably for a snack. The Yakgwa was developed as a Buddhist banquet and was a very important ancestral food, it was food that was given as a gift for weddings.

5173: 4490: 2769:, 연뿌리), as the combinations have been thought to cause diarrhea. All parts of the pig are used in Korean cuisine, including the head, intestines, liver, kidney and other internal organs. Koreans utilize these parts in a variety of cooking methods including steaming, stewing, boiling and smoking. Koreans especially like to eat grilled pork belly, which is called 2017:, industrialization began to give South Korea the economic and cultural power it holds in the global economy today. Agriculture was increased through use of commercial fertilizers and modern farming equipment. In the 1970s, food shortages began to lessen. Consumption of instant and processed foods increased, as did the overall quality of foods. 5376:), written in 1775 by Yi Deokmu (이덕무; 李德懋), comment on the dining etiquette for the period. Suggestions include items such as "when you see a fat cow, goat, pig, or chicken, do not immediately speak of slaughtering, cooking or eating it", "when you are having a meal with others, do not speak of smelly or dirty things, such as boils or 5142:(관혼상제; 冠婚喪祭), the four family ceremonies (coming-of-age ceremony, wedding, funeral, and ancestral rite) have been considered especially important and elaborately developed, continuing to influence Korean life to these days. Ceremonial food in Korea has developed with variation across different regions and cultures. 3948: 5674:

Banquets (궁중 연회 음식) were held on special occasions in the Korean Royal Palace. These included birthdays of the royal family members, marriages, and national festivals, including Daeborum, Dano, Chuseok, and Dongji. Banquet food was served on individual tables which varied according to the rank of the

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Yakgwa is a traditional and good quality dish with a sweet and savory taste. In Korean, the Yak character is used to name foods that commonly contain honey and sesame oil. From ancient times, instead of fruit, honey and sesame oil were used to medicate and it has become a sweet. Even today the yakgwa

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There is a proverb that says, "When virgins make a nice songpyeon, they will meet a good spouse, and when a pregnant woman makes a nice songpyeon, they have beautiful daughters." Songpyeon served on the Baekilsang and the stone table is described in Yorok, "I cooked it so that the convex shaped part

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or seaweed according to 조선요리제법, it says it is usually made by frying 미역 with beef pouring water and making the soup. Adding mussel can make it taste better. Also in coastal areas they use fish instead of beef too. It is usually consumed on Koreans birthday, specifically on samchil day (삼칠일: a resting

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Reflecting the regionalism of the kingdoms and bordering countries of the peninsula, the cuisine borrowed portions from each of these areas to exist as a showcase. The royalty would have the finest regional specialties and delicacies sent to them at the palace. Although there are records of banquets

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The eldest male at the table was always served first, and was commonly served in the men's quarters by the women of the house. Women usually dined in a separate portion of the house after the men were served. The eldest men or women always ate before the younger family members. The meal was usually

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Until the late 19th century, transportation networks were not well developed, and each provincial region preserved its own characteristic tastes and cooking methods. Geographic differences are also reflected by the local specialty foodstuffs depending on the climate and types of agriculture, as well

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Shin-son-ro (or koo-ja tang), the name of it came from its special cook pot with chimney for burning charcoal. The meaning is a hearth or furnace or a pot for fire or incense burning that always contains nineteen fillings. The nineteen fillings were including beef, fish, eggs, carrot, mushrooms, and

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Following a traditional Korean diet may lower the risk of some health issues including obesity and metabolic syndrome with a decrease in body mass index (BMI), body fat percent, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Fermented foods like kimchi and doenjang contain probiotics which may boost

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Traditional Korean diet or Hansik is often associated with spiritual and physical health. While the diet of modern Korean people has become increasingly westernized and consists of numerous non-traditional foods, many believe in the healing power of Hansik. Vegetables and fermented foods are part of

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As the “Dongui Bogam” says, (Kor. 동의보감, Chin. 東醫寶鑑, Exemplar of Korean Medicine, 1613), “eating the meat from a female chicken with yellow feathers helps to control excessive thirst and urination, vitalizes the five viscera, increases yang energy, and warms the small intestines…. Ginseng complements

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Meals during the Japanese occupation were quite varied. Koreans usually ate two meals a day during the cold seasons, and three during the warm seasons. For the lower classes, satiety, rather than quality, was most important. Those in even lower economic levels were likely to enjoy only a single bowl

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restaurants, which gave the middle class of South Korea the ability to enjoy meat regularly. Meat eating continued to rise, reaching 40 kg in 1997, with fish consumption at 49.5 kg in 1998. Rice consumption continually decreased through these years, from 128 kg consumed per person in

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The opening of Korea to the Western world brought further exchange of culture and food. Western missionaries introduced new ingredients and dishes to Korea. Joseon elites were introduced to these new foods by way of foreigners who attended the royal court as advisers or physicians. This period also

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are mainly held on the anniversary of an ancestor's death. Ritual food includes rice, alcohol (clear alcohol), soup, vinegar, and soy sauce (first line). Various meats, various rice cakes, and fish (row 2). When placing meat and fish, make sure your head faces east (right). Also, meat is placed on

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There are different types of jeon: jeon-yu and jeon-hwa , the former has recently developed to only refer to fish pancakes. The previous ingredients can be used in various ways, such as meat, fish, and vegetables. The meat used can be quail, beef and pork. Seafood is mainly white sea fish such as

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from 1910 to 1945. Many of its agricultural systems were taken over by the Japanese to support Japan's food supply. Land changes resulting from the Japanese occupation included combining small farms into large-scale farms, which led to larger yields. Rice production increased during this period to

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Yugwa, which is difficult to make, is best prepared in the winter. Honey or syrup is an important ingredient in making Yugwa, which crumbles and melts when you put it in your mouth.↵During the Joseon dynasty, Yugwa was used during the rite of passage and in the royal family various types of Yugwa

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Yugwa is a generic name for 산자, 강정 and 빈사과. They are classified as: square shaped 산자, finger shaped 강정, drop shaped and square shaped 빈사과 . Furthermore, many different names have been given based on coatings, toppings and fillings. Plum blossoms obtained by frying sesame seeds and nutmeg, steamed

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The table setup is important as well, and individual place settings, moving from the diner's left should be as follows: rice bowl, spoon, then chopsticks. Hot foods are set to the right side of the table, with the cold foods to the left. Soup must remain on the right side of the diner along with

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Sanja is a large square shape, gangjeong is the thickness of a finger and bell gangjeong is the size of a thumb. 빈사과 is one the size of a red bean, which is lumped together with the syrup or sugar syrup and cut into squares. Once the excess oil has been removed, honey or syrup is applied and the

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means five rice dish, which consists of rice mixed with glutinous rice, cornstarch, red bean, perilla, and soybean. By consuming grains with the energy of blue, red, yellow, white, and black, we pray for good health as well as a good year for our body with the energy of the five elements, and to

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Koreans commonly believe in the idea of Yak Sik Dong Won (약식동원, 藥食同源) as seen in Chinese traditions. Food is the first step to good health, and medical treatment should be sought only if food does not improve health. The diet of younger Koreans has become more westernized, yet hansik has been an

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cabbage is prepared with much salt and approximately 20% of sodium intake comes from kimchi. An increased risk of gastric cancer among subjects with frequent or high consumption of kimchi was found in some case-control studies. As with other salted foods, moderate consumption may maximize health

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is a chicken ginseng soup traditionally consumed during Boknal (복날) days: the hottest days of summer. It is a Korean custom to eat hot food in hot weather called Iyeolchiyeol (이열치열), which means “controlling heat with heat”. Consequently, Samgyetang is Koreans' favorite energizing food and it is

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being announced by the cry of a white chicken. As the birth of a clan's founder is always announced by an animal with preternatural qualities, this myth speaks to the importance of chicken in Korean culture. Chicken is often served roasted or braised with vegetables or in soups. All parts of the

5380:," "when eating a meal, neither eat so slowly as to appear to be eating against your will nor so fast as if to be taking someone else's food. Do not throw chopsticks on the table. Spoons should not touch plates, making a clashing sound", among many other recommendations which emphasized proper 4110:

The method of making five-color songpyeon is achieved by adding natural ingredients such as mugwort, gardenia water, omija water and cinnamon powder to the rice flour, kneading the rice cake with the five colors and adding the filling. However, in the past, pine endodermis were used in place of

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dispensed with the ban of beef during the 13th century, and they promoted the production of beef cattle. This increased production continued into the Joseon period, when the government encouraged both increased quantities and quality of beef. Only in the latter part of the 20th century has beef

1977:. For the Korean middle and upper classes during the occupation, things were quite different. Western foods began emerging in the Korean diet, such as white bread and commercially produced staples such as precooked noodles. The Japanese occupational period ended after the defeat of Japan during 3424:

is a rice cake soup commonly made with sliced rice cakes and beef broth. White rice cake was called Baekbyeong (백병-白餠) or Geomo (거모-擧摸). Tteok-guk is made with thinly sliced garae-tteok, are long, cylindrical shaped rice cakes made with rice flour. Tteok-guk is boiled in chicken broth, but was

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as the natural foods available. With the modern development of transportation and the introduction of foreign foods, Korean regional cuisines have tended to overlap and integrate. However, many unique traditional dishes in Korean regional cuisine have been handed down through the generations.

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Gochujang was believed to revitalize people who were sick with colds or exhaustion during the Gio period. There have been some studies that show that red peppers fight obesity and diabetes. Gochujang is also added to many foods so that there can be additional nutritional value with each meal.

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and dairy production was increased during the 1970s through the increase of commercial dairies and mechanized farms. The consumption of pork and beef increased vastly in the 1970s. Per-capita consumption of meat was 3.6 kg in 1961 and 11 kg by 1979. The result of this increased meat

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noodle dish, is extremely popular in Korea as fast, take-out food. It is made with a black bean sauce usually fried with diced pork or seafood and a variety of vegetables, including zucchini and potatoes. It is popularly ordered and delivered, like Chinese take-out food in other parts of the

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are grilled dishes, which most commonly have meat or fish as their primary ingredient, but may in some cases also comprise grilled vegetables or other vegetable ingredients. At traditional restaurants, meats are cooked at the center of the table over a charcoal grill, surrounded by various

5043:; the name of the royal kitchen), where they prepared the king's meals, became old, they had to leave the royal palace. Therefore, many of them entered Buddhist temples to become nuns. As a result, culinary techniques and recipes of the royal cuisine were integrated into Buddhist cuisine. 3202:

Originally, samgyetang was called gyesamtang then it changed because of the increasingly popularity of ginseng in Korea and overseas. That is also because as ginseng is the main ingredient of the soup Korean decided to reverse the first two syllables of the name putting ginseng first.

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began on a small scale during the Three Kingdoms period. Meat was consumed roasted or in soups or stews during this period. Those who lived closer to the oceans were able to complement their diet with more fish, while those who lived in the interior had a diet containing more meat.

3907:) is a Korean savory pancake made from various ingredients. Chopped kimchi or seafood is mixed into a wheat flour-based batter, and then pan fried. This dish is typically dipped in a mixture of soy sauce, vinegar, and red pepper powder. It can be served as an appetizer, side dish ( 5391:

quiet, as conversation was discouraged during meals. In modern times, these rules have become lax, as families usually dine together now and use the time to converse. Of the remaining elements of this decorum, one is that the younger members of the table should not pick up their

3199:-인삼주). Commonly, it uses a chicken before the age of six months before it start to lay eggs. Stew made from a young chicken served with yukgaejang (Kor. 육개장, spicy beef stew), were introduced as part of the (복날) ‘Canicular Days’ cuisine only in the early 20th century. 5571:

Five meals were generally served in the royal palace each day during the Joseon period, and records suggest this pattern had existed from antiquity. Three of these meals would be full meals, while the afternoon and after dinner meals would be lighter. The first meal,

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is less popular today in South Korea than in the past, being viewed largely as a kind of health tonic rather than as a diet staple, especially amongst the younger generations who view dogs as pets and service animals. That said, historically the consumption of

1906:. Reduced taxation of the peasantry also furthered the expanded commerce through increasing periodic markets, usually held every five days. One thousand such markets existed in the 19th century, and were communal centers for economic trade and entertainment. 1835:

Agricultural innovations were significant and widespread during this period, such as the invention of the rain gauge during the 15th century. During 1429, the government began publishing books on agriculture and farming techniques, which included

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Vegetables such as cucumbers, carrots, and cabbage use gochujang as a dip. Gochujang is a common seasoning for foods such as Korean barbecue including pork and beef. One popular snack food that is very commonly eaten with gochujang is bibimbap.

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Gochujang is a fermented bean paste that has red pepper powder, soybean powder and rice flour added to it to create a spicy paste. It typically can be added to most dishes. Gochujang can be used as a seasoning and sometimes as a dipping sauce.

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Encompassing a wide range of temperate climates, the Korean peninsula supports the growth of many cultivated and wild fruit species. Asian pears of numerous varieties, apples, melons and berries and more are typical of summer and fall produce.

4069:(pig's leg served with salted shrimp sauce). Samgyupsal (pork belly) is also considered as Anju with Soju. Most Korean foods can be considered as 'anju', as the food consumed alongside the alcohol depends on the diner's taste and preferences. 5703:(chicken broth with vinegar), which was prepared with five different chickens, five abalones, ten sea cucumbers, twenty eggs, half a bellflower root, mushrooms, two cups of black pepper, two peeled pine nuts, starch, soy sauce and vinegar. 2130:(rice with beans). White rice, which is rice with the bran removed, has been the preferred form of rice since its introduction into the cuisine. The most traditional method of cooking the rice has been to cook it in an iron pot called a 8637: 2029:

1985 to 106 kg in 1995 and 83 kg in 2003. The decrease in rice consumption has been accompanied by an increase in the consumption of bread and noodles. In 2009, the South Korean government launched a $ 77-million

1762:(57 BCE – 935 CE), was located at the southeastern portion of the peninsula. Each region had its own distinct set of cultural practices and foods. For example, Baekje was known for cold foods and fermented foods like 3353:

are a common part of any Korean meal. Unlike other cultures, in Korean culture, soup is served as part of the main course rather than at the beginning or the end of the meal, as an accompaniment to rice along with other

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immunity and reduce the incidence or severity of allergic conditions such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. It may also lower the risk of cardiovascular and chronic metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.

5550:) were responsible for foods prepared for ancestor rites, attaining wines and other beverages, and medicinal foods. There were also hundreds of slaves and women who worked in the palace that had tasks such as making 4363:

is the best known liquor, there are well over 100 different alcoholic beverages, such as beers, rice and fruit wines, and liquors produced in South Korea as well as a sweet rice drink. The top-selling domestic beers

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and vinegar, or used as a popular ingredient in countless dishes. Raw oysters and other seafood can be used in making kimchi to improve and vary the flavor. Salted baby shrimp are used as a seasoning agent, known as

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and slaughtering one would create dire issues in farming the land. Pork and seafood were consumed more regularly for this reason. The Buddhist ruling class of the Goryeo period forbade the consumption of beef. The

1712:, and continued to hunt and fish. Archaeological remains point to development of fermented beans during this period, and cultural contact with nomadic cultures to the north facilitated domestication of animals. 7579:

Kim, M., & Chun, J. (2005). Bacterial community structure in kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable food, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene analysis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 103(1), 91-96. See

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Probiotics typically found in kimchi include species of genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella, and they have been linked to anti-inflammatory effects and health benefits such as improved gut health.

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Kwon, D. Y., Chung, K. R., Yang, H., & Jang, D. (2015). Gochujang (Korean red pepper paste): A Korean ethnic sauce, its role and history. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2(1), 29-35. DOI:10.1016/j.jef.2015.02.006

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dynasty onwards. There are hundreds of vegetarian restaurants in Korea, although historically they have been local restaurants that are unknown to tourists. Most have buffets, with cold food, and vegetarian

3505:, with many variations; common ingredients include vegetables, saltwater or freshwater fish, and tofu. The stew often changes with the seasons and which ingredients are available. Other common varieties of 8502: 6612:

Kim, S., Chung, K. R., Yang, H., & Kwon, D. Y. (2016) Sungchang gochujang (Korean red chili paste): The unfolding of authenticity. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 3(3), 201-208. DOI:10.1016/j.jef.2016.09.002

1855:("practical learning") scholars began to emphasize the importance of looking outside the country for innovation and technology to help improve the agricultural systems. Crops traded by Europeans from the 5560:(rice cakes). The women were the cooks to the royal palace and were of commoner or low-born families. These women would be split into specific skill sets or "bureau" such as the bureau of special foods ( 3195:

the five viscera, stabilizes the spirit and soul, and fills what is lacking and weak in our body.”↵It is served with radish kimchi, cabbage kimchi, chicken gizzard, fresh green peppers and ginseng wine (

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is a general term for a Korean side dish consumed with alcohol. It matches well with Korean traditional alcohol such as Soju or Makgeolli and helps people to enjoy their drinking more. Some examples of

5665:(수라간), a room specifically used for taking meals, with the king seated to the east and the queen to the west. Each had their own set of tables and were attended by three palace servant women known as 2101:. Rice is not an indigenous crop to Korea and millet was likely the preferred grain before rice was cultivated. Rice became the grain of choice during the Three Kingdoms period, particularly in the 2645:

The cattle were valuable draught animals, often seen as equal to human servants, or in some cases, members of the family. Cattle were also given their own holiday during the first 'cow' day of the

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during the pre-modern era, the foods of the royal palace were reflective of the opulent nature of the past rulers of the Korean peninsula. This nature is evidenced in examples as far back as the

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originally from the northern part of the Korean peninsula is now enjoyed in South Korea as well as many parts of the world especially during the hot summer months. Likewise, ginseng chicken soup

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have been a major part of Korean cuisine because of the oceans bordering the peninsula. Evidence from the 12th century illustrates commoners consumed a diet mostly of fish and shellfish, such as

3627:) were specialty foods for birthdays, weddings or auspicious occasions because the long and continued shape were thought to be associated with the bliss for longevity and long-lasting marriage. 4372:, which differ from Western beers in that they are brewed from rice, rather than barley. Consequently, Korean beers are lighter, sweeter and have less head than their Western counterparts. The 8671: 8434:

Baek Un-hwa (백운화). Inje Food Science Forum (인제식품과학 FORUM), "Part 3 Status quo and prospect about the industrialization of Korean traditional beverages (제 3 주제 전통 음청류의 산업화 현황과 전망)" taken from

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The end of the Joseon period was marked by consistent encouragement to trade with the Western world, China and Japan. In the 1860s, trade agreements pushed by the Japanese government led the

6378: 4814:(약과; 藥菓) is a dessert made of wheat flour, honey, ginger juice and rice wine. In premodern Korea they were enjoyed by upper classes as a rare dish, today is common to serve it with tea. 3153:) from the Chinese term ("구; 狗") which is used specifically to indicate dog meat. "Hwangu" has been considered better for consumption than "Baekgu" (White dog) and "Heukgu" (Black dog). 5406:, the rice or soup bowl is not lifted from the table when eating from it. This is due to the fact that each diner is given a metal spoon along with the chopsticks known collectively as 4129:

It is consumed on the day of the first full moon of the year when people make rituals for guardian spirits against disasters and misfortune. Koreans also celebrate the upcoming spring.

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rely on fermentation for flavor and preservation, resulting in a tangy, salty, and spicy taste. Certain regions are especially associated with some dishes (for example, the city of

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integral part of the Korean culture since the ancient times. Collaboration of modern science and traditional Korean diet will further strengthen the concept of Yak Sik Dong Won.

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In addition, there is a custom of sharing five grains of rice between neighbors because it is said that three or more families of different surnames share rice with each other.

3623:. While noodles were eaten in Korea from ancient times, productions of wheat was less than other crops, so wheat noodles did not become a daily food until 1945. Wheat noodles ( 3179:

According to a 2006 survey, dog meat was the fourth most commonly consumed meat in South Korea. In 2019, a majority (71.9%) of Koreans reported that they do not eat dog meat.

2272:, boiled together with several types of beans and other grains, and they are also the primary ingredient in the production of fermented condiments collectively referred to as 6842: 4107:

In the Seoul region, the floral songpyeon and five-color songpyeon were made small and beautiful, and in Hwanghae-do and Gangwon-do they fingerprinted and ate them coarsely.

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have been one of the most important staples of the Korean diet. Early myths of the foundations of various kingdoms in Korea center on grains. One foundation myth relates to

7863: 5627:(수라) were the main meals of the day. Breakfast was served at ten in the morning, and the evening meals were served between six and seven at night. The set of three tables ( 3821:(steamed dishes) are generic terms referring to steamed or boiled dishes in Korean cuisine. However, the former is made with meat or seafood-based ingredients marinated in 3058:) is a wide variety of specialty foods prepared and eaten for their purported medicinal purposes, especially during the hottest 30-day period in the lunar calendar, called 2474:

and vinegars. Nonfermented condiments or spices include red pepper, black pepper, cordifolia, mustard, chinensis, garlic, onion, ginger, leek, and scallion (spring onion).

8936: 6881: 5949: 8099: 5012:

were developed, and since spread to China and other countries. Since the Joseon dynasty, Buddhist cuisine has been established in Korea according to regions and temples.

3233:

Certain foods are typically consumed to combat the heat of the summer or the cold months, regain strength during and after an illness, or for general health. Cool noodle

2120:

As rice was prohibitively expensive when it first came to Korea, the grain was likely mixed with other grains to "stretch" the rice; this is still done in dishes such as

4231:(갈수, drink made of fruit extract, and Oriental medicine), honeyed water, juice and milk by their ingredient materials and preparation methods. Among the varieties, tea, 3445:. Originating as a peasant dish, all parts of beef are used, including tail, leg and rib bones with or without meat attached; these are boiled in water to extract fat, 6947: 3394:. Small amounts of long boiled meat may be added to the soup, or seafood both fresh and dried may be added, or vegetables may be the main component for the clear soup. 1688:(approximately 8000 to 1500 BCE), hunter-gatherer societies engaged in fishing and hunting, and incipient agriculture in the later stages. Since the beginning of the 8627:

Sohn Gyeong-hee (손경희). Inje Food Science Forum (인제식품과학 FORUM), "Part 1 HIstorical overview of Korean traditional eumcheongryu (제 1 주제 한국 전통 음청류의 역사적 고찰)" taken from

2614:

is the most prized of all, with cattle holding an important cultural role in the Korean home. Beef is prepared in numerous ways today, including roasting, grilling (

5675:

person. Usually banquet food consisted of ten different types of dishes. Main dishes were prepared based on the seasonal foods. Main dishes of the banquet included

8745: 2149:

Rice is used to make a number of items, outside of the traditional bowl of plain white rice. It is commonly ground into a flour and used to make rice cakes called

7035: 3461:(냉국), which are cold soups generally eaten during the summer months to cool the diner. A light hand is usually used in the seasoning of these soups usually using 8500: 4804:

ginger juice is added at this time. Ginger juice has the effect of preventing rancidity of fats. It is completed by covering with various types of gluten wheat.

6973: 6526: 8714:), quaoted in Sources of Korean Tradition, Volume Two: From the Twentieth Centuries, ed. Yǒongho Ch'oe, Peter H. Lee and W. Theodore de Bary. New York, 2000. 8005: 8643: 2750:

has also been another important land-based protein for Korea. Records indicate pork has been a part of the Korean diet back to antiquity, similar to beef.

8781: 5655: 2033:

program called "Korean Cuisine to the World" to promote its cuisine and subsequently pivoted into the markets in the United States and Muslim countries.

6782: 8724: 6192: 8669: 6915: 3929:

Cooking oils such as soy and corn are used today, though technology required for producing these oils was not available during the Joseon dynasty.

3453:

to create a rich soup. Some versions of this soup may also use the beef head and intestines. The only seasoning generally used in the soup is salt.

6367: 5158:

No red pepper powder used, glutinous rice drink (line 4); and various fruits. Red fruits are to the east, white fruits are to the west. (Line 5)

3545:(돌잔치: the baby's first birthday). The Korean tradition of mothers eating seaweed after birth originated in Goguryeo. The Korean word for seaweed, 8063: 7779: 7711: 6578: 6550: 6458: 6430: 3764:

and individual rice bowls. The cooked meat is then cut into small pieces and wrapped with fresh lettuce leaves, with rice, thinly sliced garlic,

2847:

Both fresh and saltwater fish are popular, and are served raw, grilled, broiled, dried or served in soups and stews. Common grilled fish include

2350:(mung bean pancake), is made with ground nokdu and fresh sukju namul. Starch extracted from ground nokdu is used to make transparent dangmyeon ( 6243: 5542:, 육조) that were charged with all matters related to procurement and consumption of food and drink for the royal court. The Board of Personnel ( 2533: 8563: 8128: 5966: 1849:

A series of invasions in the earlier half of the Joseon caused a dynamic shift in the culture during the second half of the period. Groups of

8537: 8236: 7424: 5108:

is suitable for all vegetarians and vegans, and began with Buddhist influences. All food is eaten with a combination of stainless steel oval

3313:) either as a place of origin or for a famous regional variety. Restaurants will often use these famous names on their signs or menus (e.g. " 3102:

passed a bill banning the breeding and slaughter of consumption dogs, ending a dog meat eating practice that is unpopular with young people.

1726: 4863:) are characterized by local specialties and distinctive styles within Korean cuisine. The divisions reflected historical boundaries of the 6296: 6220:

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Humanity, Education and Social Sciences (IcoSIHESS 2019)

3384: 8796: 8164: 7358: 7207: 1817:

invaded Goryeo in the 13th century. Some traditional foods found today in Korea have their origins during this period. The dumpling dish,

11531: 8486: 7656: 5576:(미음상), was served at sunrise and was served only on days when the king and queen were not taking herbal medicines. The meal consisted of 1472: 8521: 7893: 7061: 3191:

common to have it on sambok (삼복) days — Chobok (초복), Jungbok (중복) and Malbok (말복) — which are believed to be the hottest days in Korea.

11657: 8557: 8214: 8035: 6049: 5996: 5368: 1503: 5215:, street carts during the day, where customers may eat standing beside the cart or have their food wrapped up to take home. At night, 4747:, literally "eatery for tea", is made by kneading rice flour, honey, and various types of flour from nuts, herbs, sesame, or jujubes. 1961:

support the Japanese Empire's war efforts. Many Koreans, in turn, increased the production of other grains for their own consumption.

1913:

to open its trade ports with the west, and to numerous treaties with the United States, Britain, France, and other Western countries.

9593: 7558: 5890:"The Consumption of Dairy Products Is Associated with Reduced Risks of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Women but not in Men" 5804: 5661: 5671:(수라상궁). These women would remove bowl covers and offer the foods to the king and queen after ensuring the dishes were not poisoned. 2109:

Kingdoms in the southern regions of the peninsula. Rice was such an important commodity in Silla that it was used to pay taxes. The

6826: 5152:

the left and fish is placed on the right; three types of hot soup prepared. Meat stew, beef stew, fish stew (3rd row); dried snacks

2090:; the deities brought seeds of five grains which were the first seeds planted, which in turn became the first instance of farming. 1083: 10793: 6999: 6951: 5829: 9794: 9563: 8628: 8435: 7985: 7843: 7080: 5833: 5395:

or start eating before the elders of the table or guests and should not finish eating before the elders or guests finish eating.

1902:

built by government allowed peasant farmers to produce larger crop volumes and produce crops not only for sustenance but also as

8933: 7164:"Effect of a balanced Korean diet on metabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Korean adults: a randomized controlled trial" 7115: 6865: 5946: 4731:

is made by boiling fruits, ginger, or nuts in water, and then forming the mix into the original fruit's shape, or other shapes.

2873:. Fish is often dried naturally to prolong storing periods and enable shipping over long distances. Fish commonly dried include 8757: 8091: 5568:, 소주방). These female cooks may have been assisted by male cooks from outside the palace during larger banquets when necessary. 2638: 2548:

includes rice, spinach, radish, bean sprouts. Sometimes beef is added to bibimbap. Another popular dish including gochujang is

2505: 4149: 3597: 2113:

word for "tax" is a compound character that uses the character for the rice plant. The preference for rice escalated into the

11611: 9588: 8968: 8923: 8910: 8897: 8884: 8871: 8858: 8845: 8832: 8700: 8606: 8449: 8303: 7857: 7140: 6875: 6836: 6776: 6746: 6237: 5446:

and cover his mouth when drinking alcohol. According to Hyang Eum Ju Rye (향음주례; 鄕飮酒禮), the drinking etiquette established in

4408:

is a clear spirit which was originally made from grain, especially rice, and is now also made from sweet potatoes or barley.

3994: 8612: 7961: 7927: 5387:

Other than the etiquette mentioned above, blowing one's nose when having a meal is considered an inappropriate act as well.

2670:

has played an important role as a protein in Korean history, evidenced by a number of myths. One myth tells of the birth of

11861: 8766: 6603:

Shin, Dong Hwa "Korean Traditional Food: Status, Prospects, and Vision for Globalization" Chonbuk National University, 2004

5620:, oysters, soy sauce, and other items. The porridge was thought to give vitality to the king and queen throughout the day. 1895:. Potatoes and sweet potatoes were particularly favored as they grew in soils and on terrains that were previously unused. 1343: 7162:

Kim, Seong-Ah; Shin, Sangah; Ha, Kyungho; Hwang, Young; Park, Young-Hee; Kang, Min-Sook; Joung, Hyojee (11 January 2020).

1641:

once brought all of the unique regional specialties together for the royal family. Foods are regulated by Korean cultural

8819: 4546:), or glutinous rice left whole, without pounding. It is served either filled or covered with sweetened mung bean paste, 4104:

of songpyeon came out without adding any filling, but it looks like it is full. It has the meaning of wishing good luck.

8742: 2386:

have a bland flavor, so are served seasoned with soy sauce, sesame oil and crumbled seaweed or other seasonings such as

11229: 9344: 7031: 4785:, corn, sweet potatoes or mixed grains. The steamed ingredients are lightly fermented and boiled in a large pot called 5138:

Food is an important part of traditions of Korean family ceremonies, which are mainly based on the Confucian culture.

4821:

Also this reputation spread nationwide from China, Koryeo's oil and honey pastry was generally known for festivities.

2370:), and are a subsidiary ingredient for soups and stews. The starch can be also used to make jelly-like foods, such as 11331: 8589: 8478: 8464: 8190: 7101: 6536: 4183:) which literally means "clear beverages". According to historical documents regarding Korean cuisine, 193 items of 3218:

a healthy diet around the world, and Hansik includes many vegetable dishes and fermented foods. Three dishes, soup,

2958: 2649:. The importance of cattle does not suggest Koreans ate an abundance of beef, however, as the cattle were valued as 2303: 2093:

During the pre-modern era, grains such as barley and millet were the main staples. They were supplemented by wheat,

1917:

saw the introduction of various seasonings imported from Japan via western traders and alcoholic drinks from China.

11621: 9421: 9409: 7270:

Song, Eunhye; Ang, Lin; Lee, Hye Won; Kim, Myung-Sunny; Kim, You Jin; Jang, Daija; Lee, Myeong Soo (3 April 2023).

6344: 1776:

through cultural exchanges with China during the fourth century CE began to change the distinct cultures of Korea.

7691: 6506: 6486: 8693:

Koreanisch vegetarisch: Die kaum bekannte, fettarme, phantasievolle und küchenfreundliche Art asiatisch zu kochen

8013: 5754: 2513:, which dates back to around 1433 during the Chosun dynasty, is one of the oldest writings mentioning gochujang. 1656: 1558:. Dairy is largely absent from the traditional Korean diet. Traditional Korean meals are named for the number of 8653: 5465: 3222:

and multigrain rice make up the basic meal pattern of Hansik called three Cheopbansang. Fermented soybean paste

2967:, as well as cooked in various stews, stir-fried dishes, and other hot dishes. Commonly used vegetables include 2216:

have been significant crops in Korean history and cuisine, according to the earliest preserved legumes found in

9680: 8073: 7789: 7721: 6560: 6468: 6440: 3099: 2784: 2573: 1496: 4426:, and is a favorite beverage of hard-up college students, hard-drinking businessmen, and blue-collar workers. 4243:

are still widely favored and consumed; however, the others almost disappeared by the end of the 20th century.

3856:(raw dishes): although the term originally referred to any kind of raw dish, it is generally used to refer to 2344:, which is eaten as a nutritional supplement and digestive aid, especially for ill patients. A popular snack, 11506: 11491: 10057: 8633: 5139: 4796:(약과).They are traditional desserts enjoyed during Chuseok, marriage or the sixtieth birthday (Hwangap - 환갑). 3326: 1477: 6766: 4475:(a blended wine of Korean grapes with French or American wines) and ginseng-based wines are also available. 3843: 3802: 11511: 11397: 9943: 8776: 8722: 7623:

Hongu, Nobuko; Kim, Angela S.; Suzuki, Asuka; Wilson, Hope; Tsui, Karen C.; Park, Sunmin (September 2017).

6184: 5133: 4588:

is a sweet rice cake made with glutinous rice, chestnuts, pine nuts, jujubes, and other ingredients, while

3538: 1190: 1076: 3601:

Japchae, a kind of Korean noodle dish made with marinated beef and vegetables in soy sauce and sesame oil.

11705: 11541: 11526: 11463: 11361: 10992: 7000:"South Korea passes bill to ban eating dog meat, ending controversial practice as consumer habits change" 6925: 4293: 3271: 3880: 3142:

people enjoyed dog meat, and the Koreans' appetite for canine cuisine seems to have come from that era.

11606: 11516: 11155: 11125: 9913: 8531: 8009: 7949: 7915: 5799: 5459: 5167: 5016: 4321: 3364:

are often made with meats, shellfish and vegetables. Soups can be made into more formal soups known as

2963:

Korean cuisine uses a wide variety of vegetables, which are often served uncooked, either in salads or

2718: 2046: 1638: 1393: 1278: 1050: 8668:

The Korea Economic Daily, "Brew master.. the only beer in the world" (브루 마스터 .. 세계 유일의 맥주) taken from

8077: 7793: 7725: 6590: 6586: 6564: 6472: 6444: 5189: 4984:(a fried and puffed rice snack) were served for Buddhist altars and have been developed into types of 3734:

is a term referring collectively to side dishes in Korean cuisine. Soups and stews are not considered

11521: 11481: 11207: 11165: 11160: 11135: 10681: 9578: 9468: 8961: 5439: 1668: 1489: 1263: 1258: 8392: 7590:

Jang, Dai-Ja; Chung, Kyung Rhan; Yang, Hye Jeong; Kim, Kang-sung; Kwon, Dae Young (September 2015).

2013:

At this point, the history of North and South Korea sharply diverged. In the 1960s under President

34: 11841: 11601: 11556: 11471: 11306: 11284: 11269: 11259: 11244: 11212: 11145: 11140: 11120: 10052: 9463: 9458: 9382: 9296: 8561: 8122: 5970: 5533: 4875: 4335: 3280:" (주식), "subsidiary dishes" (부식), and "dessert" (후식). The main dishes are made from grains such as 2863:. Smaller fish, shrimp, squid, mollusks and countless other seafood can be salted and fermented as 2030: 20: 8695:(Korean Vegetarian: Almost Unknown, Low Fat, Creative and Kitchen-friendly Way of Asian Cooking). 8535: 8233: 7495:

Patra, Jayanta Kumar; Das, Gitishree; Paramithiotis, Spiros; Shin, Han-Seung (28 September 2016).

7459: 7416: 4554:, a sweetened filling made with sesame seeds, sweet pumpkin, beans, jujubes, pine nuts or honey). 3935: 1750:(37 BCE – 668 CE) was located in the northern part of the peninsula along much of modern-day 11892: 11715: 11419: 11279: 11264: 11254: 11130: 11078: 11032: 10069: 9725: 9705: 9389: 9256: 8421:

Kim, Jong Su "Royal Banquets and Uigwe during the Late Chosun Period," Korea Journal, Summer 2008

5784: 5546:, 이조) contained positions specific for attaining rice for the royal family. The Board of Rights ( 5532:

Food was considered significant in the Joseon period. Official positions were created within the

4830: 4484: 3126: 3016:) are also harvested and eaten in season. Traditional medicinal herbs in Korean cuisine, such as 2487: 2404: 2117:, when new methods of cultivation and new varieties emerged that would help increase production. 1743: 1348: 1234: 1229: 1069: 1040: 800: 505: 6306: 3668:(cellophane noodles made from sweet potato with various vegetables) and others. In royal court, 11536: 11387: 11274: 11187: 10818: 10000: 9720: 9568: 9498: 9488: 9441: 9404: 9399: 9337: 9266: 8793: 5749: 5127: 2793: 2110: 2000:. Both of these periods continued the limited food provisions for Koreans, and the stew called 1685: 1045: 8484: 8201:

Lee Yeon-ja, "Jeongga's ancestral rites and food culture" Koreana, Vol. 24, No. 2, Summer 2010

2695:

and other ingredients in medicinal soups eaten during the summer months to combat heat called

2675: 11486: 11476: 11392: 11289: 11177: 10843: 10798: 10514: 10504: 10368: 10234: 10169: 10129: 9923: 9493: 9426: 9176: 9046: 8934:

https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kimjang-making-and-sharing-kimchi-in-the-republic-of-korea-00881

8519: 7885: 7059: 5794: 5789: 4943: 4578:

or another soft sweet material such as sweetened sesame or black beans are used as fillings.

3267: 2892:

Shellfish is widely eaten in all different types of preparation. They can be used to prepare

2175:, both in filtered and unfiltered versions. Grains have also been used for centuries to make 1467: 1462: 1217: 1212: 1030: 765: 10591: 9995: 8211: 8049: 4100:

Songpyeon represents the moon and hope, which is why while eating this Koreans make wishes.

11674: 11669: 11652: 11571: 11414: 11341: 11222: 11217: 11202: 11150: 10888: 10778: 10452: 10447: 10239: 9715: 9583: 9377: 9106: 9101: 8954: 7554: 5779: 5774: 5513:, was created for the singular purpose of setting wine cups afloat while they wrote poems. 5251: 4907: 4903: 4835: 3072:

include ginseng, chicken, black goat, abalone, eel, carp, beef bone soups, pig kidneys and

3009: 2975:, cucumber, potato, sweet potato, spinach, bean sprouts, scallions, garlic, chili peppers, 2362: 1948: 1930: 1926: 1689: 1603: 1452: 1288: 1283: 1035: 8457:

Asian ingredients: a guide to the foodstuffs of China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam

7592:"Discussion on the origin of kimchi, representative of Korean unique fermented vegetables" 6738: 5300:(뽑기) are two examples of original street foods many people have enjoyed since childhood. 5038: 1738:

tomb built around the 5th century shows a Goguryeo nobleman having a meal with two ladies.

73: 8: 11871: 10920: 10823: 10813: 10788: 10671: 10631: 10601: 10571: 10566: 10388: 10378: 9973: 9896: 9772: 9640: 9630: 9573: 9436: 9261: 9181: 9011: 9001: 8785: 8095: 7697: 6532: 6512: 6492: 5867: 5443: 5105: 4331: 4327: 3130: 3030: 2333: 2266:, which is used to thicken stews and porridges. Soybeans may also be one of the beans in 2217: 1758:(18 BCE – 660 CE), was in the southwestern portion of the peninsula, and the third, 1535:

reflects a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.

1374: 1180: 1025: 1020: 892: 11847: 6216:"Korean Gastro Diplomacy: Strategy to Enhance Country Promotion Toward Moslem Countries" 1898:

Government further developed agriculture through technology and lower taxation. Complex

11684: 11551: 11431: 11047: 11027: 11022: 10910: 10878: 10853: 10803: 10783: 10731: 10701: 10686: 10676: 10636: 10611: 10544: 10519: 10509: 10489: 10373: 10358: 10348: 10246: 10204: 10179: 10154: 10109: 10064: 9990: 9928: 9903: 9700: 9650: 9620: 9558: 9548: 9543: 9226: 9186: 9161: 9066: 7531: 7496: 7345: 7199: 5924: 5889: 5837: 5726: 5631:, 수라상), were usually set with two types of rice, two types of soup, two types of stew ( 5338: 5312:, Bbopki/Dalgona, Korean chicken skewers consisting of grilled small pieces of chicken. 5070: 4782: 4259: 3972:(숙채, literally "heated vegetables"), although the term generally indicates the latter. 3118: 2754: 2351: 1827:, and the use of seasonings such as black pepper, all have their roots in this period. 1519:

has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient

92: 8298:

Jeong, H. (2011). Story of alcoholic drink by Professor Jeong Hun Bae . Seoul: Yedam.

7982: 7077: 5019:

is closely related to Korean temple cuisine. In the past, when the royal court maids,

4258:

that can be served hot or cold. Not necessarily related to the leaves, leaf buds, and

3750:, a grilled Korean dish; the meat and vegetables shown here have not yet been grilled. 3172:(동국세시기), a book written by Korean scholar Hong Seok-mo in 1849, contains a recipe for 1692:(1500 BCE), agricultural traditions began to develop with new migrant groups from the 11763: 11637: 11501: 11402: 11366: 11336: 11085: 11017: 11007: 11002: 10955: 10950: 10940: 10903: 10833: 10746: 10666: 10656: 10596: 10576: 10551: 10534: 10427: 10398: 10316: 10311: 10301: 10276: 10224: 10209: 10159: 10094: 10089: 10074: 9958: 9861: 9856: 9824: 9819: 9787: 9767: 9762: 9752: 9747: 9690: 9670: 9645: 9610: 9553: 9431: 9394: 9330: 9306: 9271: 9156: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9091: 9031: 9016: 8696: 8602: 8585: 8474: 8460: 8445: 8299: 8186: 8160: 8069: 8041: 7992: 7953: 7919: 7853: 7785: 7717: 7536: 7518: 7350: 7332: 7293: 7272:"Effects of kimchi on human health: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials" 7252: 7203: 7191: 7183: 7112: 7097: 6871: 6832: 6772: 6742: 6582: 6556: 6464: 6436: 6233: 5988: 5929: 5911: 5470: 4953: 4694: 4389: 4373: 4264: 3036: 2599: 2246:) and whole soybeans are seasoned and served as a side dish. They are also made into 1899: 1783:, the Goguryeo people were skilled at fermenting and widely consumed fermented food. 1520: 1417: 1224: 1164: 928: 8754: 8499:, "North Korean beer: great taste, low proliferation risk", Mar 9, 2008, taken from 7477: 5520: 5051: 4501: 3145:

Koreans have distinguished Chinese terms for dog ("견; 犬", which refers to pet dogs,

1637:

Ingredients and dishes vary by province. Many regional dishes have become national.

11831: 11787: 11770: 11700: 11679: 11586: 11546: 11448: 11409: 11382: 11316: 11301: 11192: 11090: 10987: 10972: 10967: 10915: 10898: 10893: 10873: 10863: 10858: 10711: 10691: 10646: 10641: 10626: 10616: 10606: 10586: 10529: 10524: 10494: 10484: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10393: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10256: 10251: 10174: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10114: 10084: 10047: 10032: 10022: 10012: 9968: 9953: 9948: 9933: 9908: 9866: 9834: 9829: 9777: 9742: 9730: 9685: 9675: 9660: 9635: 9625: 9615: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9515: 9475: 9448: 9372: 9311: 9146: 9126: 9086: 9056: 9051: 9021: 9006: 8996: 8881: 7636: 7603: 7526: 7508: 7340: 7324: 7283: 7242: 7175: 6223: 6215: 5919: 5901: 5403: 4947: 4599: 4381: 3021: 2984: 2456:

are divided into fermented and nonfermented variants. Fermented condiments include

2430: 2290: 2225: 1957: 1806: 1674: 1607: 1333: 1300: 1137: 1118: 8920: 8907: 8894: 8868: 8855: 8842: 8829: 8518:

Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation. "Introduction of Eumcheongryu" taken from

7136: 4930: 4414:

made from grain is considered superior (as is also the case with grain vs. potato

2340:

with sesame oil, garlic, and salt. Ground Nokdu is used to make a porridge called

2171:) and mixed with other grains, meat, or seafood. Koreans also produce a number of 1746:

period (57 BCE – 668 CE) was one of rapid cultural evolution. The kingdom of

1720: 11591: 11581: 11561: 11453: 11326: 11296: 11115: 11095: 11042: 10997: 10982: 10977: 10925: 10883: 10848: 10808: 10773: 10736: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10621: 10581: 10561: 10539: 10479: 10464: 10459: 10405: 10363: 10353: 10343: 10338: 10323: 10229: 10199: 10119: 10079: 10017: 10005: 9980: 9938: 9891: 9876: 9844: 9839: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9782: 9757: 9710: 9695: 9655: 9605: 9367: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9171: 9121: 9111: 9081: 9071: 9041: 9036: 9026: 8940: 8927: 8914: 8901: 8888: 8875: 8862: 8849: 8836: 8823: 8800: 8770: 8761: 8749: 8728: 8675: 8648: 8596: 8567: 8541: 8525: 8506: 8490: 8240: 8218: 7989: 7497:"Kimchi and Other Widely Consumed Traditional Fermented Foods of Korea: A Review" 7119: 7084: 7065: 6920: 6731: 6228: 5953: 5759: 5505:), was created with multiple pavilions and halls for the sole purpose of opulent 5447: 5399: 5381: 5351: 4770: 4738: 3700: 3497: 3331: 3068:, as well as sexual and physical stamina lost in the summer heat. Commonly eaten 2913:, for the preparation of some types of kimchi. Large shrimp are often grilled as 2860: 2848: 2735: 2646: 2417:, which is a bowl of rice mixed with the beans, or as a filling and covering for 1423: 1338: 1207: 1195: 1154: 1147: 1055: 133: 11851: 11351: 7247: 7230: 7163: 5181:, rice (bap) and various filler ingredients, rolled in sheets of dried seaweed ( 3412:

include seafood such as clams, dried anchovies, and shrimp. For a spicier soup,

11710: 11647: 11616: 11576: 11346: 11249: 11197: 11182: 11105: 11100: 11037: 10935: 10868: 10838: 10828: 10761: 10706: 10696: 10651: 10556: 10499: 10469: 10437: 10432: 10306: 10271: 10261: 10214: 10164: 10124: 10104: 10099: 10042: 10027: 9985: 9963: 9886: 9849: 9523: 9483: 9453: 9251: 9231: 9191: 9166: 9116: 9096: 9061: 8991: 7312: 7288: 7271: 7179: 5363: 4993: 4969: 4883: 4547: 4539: 3606: 3521: 3292: 3157: 3122: 2976: 2924: 2878: 2874: 2667: 2388: 2308: 2014: 1910: 1892: 1838: 1824: 1369: 1159: 1109: 851: 613: 191: 8816: 7814:

Reuters, "North Korean beer: great taste, low proliferation risk", Mar 9, 2008

7641: 7624: 7608: 7591: 7328: 5659:(장) and twelve side dishes, called 12 cheop (12첩). The meals were set in the 2200: 2146:

is still used today, much in the same manner as it was in the past centuries.

11886: 11743: 11664: 11596: 11496: 11321: 11311: 11239: 11110: 11012: 10945: 10930: 10766: 10756: 10751: 10661: 10383: 10333: 10328: 10266: 10219: 10037: 9918: 9881: 9871: 9735: 9665: 9598: 9510: 9416: 9221: 9196: 9151: 9076: 8977: 8156: 7522: 7513: 7336: 7297: 7256: 7187: 7032:"Why is dog meat so popular in South Korea and what is 'Bosintang' dog soup?" 6301: 5915: 5667: 5525: 4989: 4612: 4590: 4464: 4308: 4061: 3888: 3687: 3582: 3515: 3502: 2995: 2968: 2821: 2433:, a Korean traditional holiday which falls on December 22, Korean people eat 2367: 2284: 2183:, drinks made from grain powder that are sometimes used as meal supplements. 2139: 2114: 1935: 1239: 885: 729: 586: 5859: 5334:(meal table). Each person was given a table in a traditional dining setting. 4867:

where these food and culinary traditions were preserved until modern times.

3741: 3133:

which dates from 4th century AD, depicts a slaughtered dog in a storehouse.

1842:(literally "Straight Talk on Farming"), an agricultural book compiled under 58: 11821: 11758: 11566: 11073: 11068: 10962: 10741: 10281: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10134: 9201: 8773: (archived April 6, 2009) at the Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation 8483:

Food in Korea, "Jontongjoo – Kinds of Traditional Liquors" taken from

8185:

Jang, J. et al. (2005). Understanding the food culture. . Seoul: Bomungak.

7540: 7354: 7195: 5933: 5616: 5273: 5219:(포장마차) become small tents that sell food, drinks, and alcoholic beverages. 4961: 4778: 4468: 4397: 4377: 4014: 3977: 3611:

Noodles or noodle dishes in Korean cuisine are collectively referred to as

3578: 3398: 3250: 3241:

is often eaten during summer to reduce heat exhaustion and regain stamina.

2972: 2943: 2932: 2893: 2408: 2002: 1978: 1940: 1880: 1876: 1819: 1773: 1631: 1619: 1268: 1202: 933: 286: 211: 180: 7096:

S. Huh. (2004, p.83). 비주, 숨겨진 우리 술을 찾아서 . Paju, Korea: Woongjin Thinkbig.

4715:, literally "medicinal confectionery", is a flower-shaped biscuit made of 4154: 2889:. Dried anchovies, along with kelp, form the basis of common soup stocks. 2142:, and these pots have even been found in tombs from the Silla period. The 1969:, while the remainder of the year was filled with cheaper grains, such as 11809: 11441: 11234: 10474: 7625:"Korean kimchi : promoting healthy meals through cultural tradition" 5769: 5740: 5577: 5510: 5498: 5474: 5230: 5211: 4871: 4844: 4674: 4626: 4459: 4385: 4288: 4041: 4025: 3980:

powder and salt to give a tangy and refreshing taste. On the other hand,

3912: 3900: 3893: 3817: 3695: 3646: 3568: 3564: 3446: 3366: 3286: 3277: 3238: 3187: 2813: 2771: 2740: 2713: 2650: 2564: 2346: 2327: 2007: 1997: 1993: 1868: 1843: 1551: 1361: 1100: 902: 481: 380: 259: 151: 6340: 5100:

dish. Menus change with seasons. Wine with the alcohol removed and fine

4960:

traditions have strongly influenced Korean cuisine, as well. During the

4457:, various fruit wines and herbal wines exist in Korean cuisine. Acacia, 4444:

is a thick unrefined liquor made with grains, with the best known being

4434:

is a refined pure liquor fermented from rice, with the best known being

2337: 8045: 7923: 7769:

Sohn Gyeong-hee, Historical overview of Korean traditional eumcheongryu

5586: 5392: 5343: 5308: 5242: 5195: 5182: 5109: 5101: 4911: 4720: 4276: 4255: 4247: 4211: 4193: 4143: 3985: 3947: 3852: 3755: 3640: 3586: 3533: 3529: 3468: 3234: 3042: 2947: 2928: 2915: 2886: 2856: 2762: 2697: 2616: 2549: 2441:(새알심), a ball made from glutinous rice flour. In old Korean tradition, 2396: 2378: 1985: 1802: 1693: 1591: 1185: 907: 860: 811: 772: 738: 720: 675: 445: 409: 400: 200: 171: 64: 8440:

Coultrip-Davis, Deborah, Young Sook Ramsay, and Deborah Davis (1998).

6916:"초복 앞둔 유통가 '보양식' 열기 (Popularity of boyangshik ahead of coming chobok)" 5906: 4582:

needles can be used for imparting flavor during the steaming process.

4180: 4177: 4174: 4006: 2399:

dates back to ancient times according to an excavation from Odong-ri,

998: 989: 980: 971: 962: 953: 914: 883: 869: 858: 849: 840: 831: 809: 798: 788: 779: 770: 745: 736: 727: 718: 709: 700: 691: 682: 673: 661: 649: 640: 631: 622: 611: 602: 593: 584: 575: 566: 557: 548: 539: 530: 521: 510: 488: 479: 470: 461: 452: 443: 434: 425: 416: 407: 398: 389: 378: 369: 360: 348: 338: 329: 320: 311: 302: 284: 275: 266: 257: 243: 234: 209: 198: 189: 178: 169: 158: 149: 140: 131: 11642: 11063: 8808: 8575:

The Korean Kitchen: Classic Recipes from the Land of the Morning Calm

7957: 6771:. Dee M. Graham, K. D. Murrell, Wai-Kit Nip. CRC Press. p. 191. 5992: 5411: 5359: 4952:

Korean temple cuisine originated in Buddhist temples of Korea. Since

4887: 4766: 4727: 4679: 4641: 4560: 4454: 4446: 4393: 4346: 4302: 4268:

plant, they are made from diverse substances, including fruits (e.g.

4090: 4035: 3964: 3862: 3823: 3682: 3658: 3542: 3491: 3442: 3414: 3227: 3206: 3173: 3114: 3085: 3073: 3025: 2989: 2902: 2837: 2817: 2707: 2632: 2587: 2482: 2470: 2453: 2322: 2296: 2252: 2242: 2205: 2180: 2172: 2098: 2018: 1903: 1856: 1751: 1642: 1625: 1613: 1559: 1543: 1528: 1379: 991: 871: 842: 747: 711: 693: 604: 559: 550: 472: 371: 268: 7760:

Introduction of Eumcheongryu, Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation

3113:

meat can be traced back to antiquity. Dog bones were excavated in a

11733: 7849: 5502: 5478: 5377: 5289: 5092: 5074: 5063: 5057: 5021: 4980: 4957: 4935: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4870:

Although Korea has been divided into two nation-states since 1948 (

4864: 4749: 4733: 4708: 4703: 4653: 4647: 4635: 4282: 4270: 4119: 4047: 3766: 3673: 3652: 3457: 3426: 3421: 3404: 3336: 3309: 3223: 3196: 3105: 2980: 2964: 2909: 2852: 2679: 2671: 2545: 2525: 2464: 2400: 2372: 2314: 2278: 2258: 2247: 2079: 1989: 1769: 1747: 1735: 1597: 1583: 916: 833: 702: 642: 633: 624: 541: 532: 463: 427: 277: 236: 142: 79: 7751:

Baek Un-hwa, The industrialization of Korean traditional beverages

4093:(송편, 松䭏) is a Korean dish made of rice powder mostly eaten during 3176:

including a boiled dog, green onion, and red chili pepper powder.

1791: 1590:

is served at nearly every meal. Commonly used ingredients include

11738: 11436: 11356: 9353: 8496: 5764: 5645: 5592: 5506: 5295: 5287:(닭꼬치) is a popular food in Korea with various sauces on chicken. 5279: 5224: 4840: 4741:-like confection made by boiling sour fruits, starch, and sugar. 4570: 4507: 4297: 4199: 4165:

All Korean traditional nonalcoholic beverages are referred to as

4094: 3919: 3908: 3871: 3829: 3746: 3735: 3731: 3719: 3708: 3690:

kimchi) and beef brisket broth was eaten in court during summer.

3664: 3495:) in which it is cooked. The most common version of this stew is 3463: 3450: 3390: 3355: 3017: 3001: 2920: 2870: 2865: 2833: 2805: 2788: 2753:

A number of foods have been avoided while eating pork, including

2692: 2684: 2583: 2579: 2537: 2529: 2458: 2423:(rice cake) and breads. A porridge made with azuki beans, called 2411:(approximately 1500–300 BCE). Azuki beans are generally eaten as 2356: 2268: 2229: 2126: 2094: 2083: 2024: 1814: 1731: 1648: 1577: 1547: 1532: 1457: 1441: 1429: 1410: 1385: 1326: 1251: 1142: 1000: 923: 781: 684: 362: 351: 322: 245: 49: 8946: 8743:공공 용어의 외국어 번역 및 표기 지침 (List of names of Korean foods in English) 8513:

Extreme Cuisine: The Weird & Wonderful Foods that People Eat

7229:

Jung, Su-Jin; Chae, Soo-Wan; Shin, Dong-Hwa (15 November 2022).

6341:"All About Misugaru + Misugaru Dalgona Latte Recipe | 미수가루" 4777:

is a Korean traditional candy in liquid or solid form made from

4693:

is a ring-shaped confection made of wheat flour, vegetable oil,

3672:(literally "white noodles") consisting of buckwheat noodles and 8680:

Yi Kyubo, Tongmyǒng-wang p'yǒn' (The lay of King Tongmyǒng) in

7832:

Food in Korea, "Jontongjoo – Kinds of Traditional Liquors"

5705: 5633: 5602: 5423: 5257: 5236: 5177: 5154: 5083: 5078: 5004: 4974: 4915: 4811: 4793: 4698: 4685: 4611:

is a general term referring to all types of Korean traditional

4607: 4584: 4551: 4522: 4205: 4066: 4018: 3867: 3574: 3559: 3510: 3489:

is often both cooked and served in the glazed earthenware pot (

3481: 3433: 3372: 3304: 3219: 3212: 3161: 3150: 3138: 2951: 2829: 2799: 2655: 2425: 2413: 2213: 2156: 2106: 2071: 2067: 2055: 1974: 1970: 1888: 1884: 1864: 1851: 1795: 1780: 1764: 1755: 1701: 1697: 1652: 1587: 1354: 1321: 1246: 955: 790: 651: 568: 513: 340: 331: 252: 160: 28: 7055: 7053: 6863: 3577:

refers to often fermented vegetable dishes, usually made with

2138:(무쇠솥). This method of rice cookery dates back to at least the 11748: 11170: 8804: 5863: 5556: 5538: 5494: 5482: 5407: 5347: 5303: 5263: 5201: 5114: 5097: 4757:, is made by boiling fruits, plant roots and seeds in honey, 4743: 4716: 4659: 4575: 4558:

is usually served as dessert or as a snack. Among varieties,

4531: 4516: 4494: 4440: 4430: 4415: 4369: 4150:

List of Korean dishes § Types of non-alcoholic beverages

4059:(소라) (a kind of shellfish popular in street food tents), and 3958: 3788: 3713: 3620: 3342: 3314: 3276:

Korean foods can be largely categorized into groups of "main

3146: 3090: 2919:(대하구이) or dried, mixed with vegetables and served with rice. 2841: 2688: 2626: 2604: 2578:

In antiquity, most meat in Korea was likely obtained through

2568:

Koreans enjoying grilled meat and alcohol in the 18th century

2419: 2221: 2164: 2155:

in over two hundred varieties. It is also cooked down into a

2151: 2102: 2087: 2063: 1872: 1860: 1798: 1759: 1705: 1524: 1293: 1126: 982: 964: 878: 664: 595: 523: 454: 436: 391: 11804: 8469:

Crawford, Gary W. (2006) East Asian Plant Domestication. In

8400: 6728: 5734: 4340: 4082: 2485:

can be found in many writings. Some of the writings are the

2209:, a cold noodle dish with a broth made from ground soy beans 43: 11782: 11753: 11426: 9322: 8755:

Official site of Korea National Tourism List of Korean Food

8285: 8283: 7050: 5947:

Kimjang, making and sharing kimchi in the Republic of Korea

5639: 5551: 5435: 5419: 5147: 5087: 4998: 4758: 4665: 4621: 4579: 4450:, a white, milky rice wine traditionally drunk by farmers. 4410: 4404: 4359: 3811: 3350: 2825: 2747: 2723: 2611: 2237: 2176: 2082:. Yet another myth speaks of the three founding deities of 2075: 2006:, which makes use of inexpensive meats such as sausage and 1709: 1555: 1539: 973: 577: 490: 418: 19:"Hansik" redirects here. For the Korean food festival, see 8369: 8345: 8212:"Guide to pojangmacha: Why Koreans love drinking in tents" 6119: 6117: 5326: 4934:

Korean temple cuisine at Sanchon, a restaurant located in

2445:

is believed to have the power to drive evil spirits away.

11775: 8686:

The Collected Works of Minister Yi of the Eastern Country

8270: 8268: 8266: 7494: 7004: 6153: 6129: 5422:. Vegetables remain on the left along with the rice, and 5172: 4423: 3360: 3110: 3000:), are a popular dish, and other wild vegetables such as 2869:. Fish can also be grilled either whole or in fillets as 2621: 1696:

basin of Manchuria. During the Mumun period, people grew

897: 313: 304: 8280: 4489: 3182: 7439: 7385: 6896: 6806: 6703: 6701: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6648: 6114: 6066: 5209:

In South Korea, inexpensive food may be purchased from

3844:

List of steamed dishes commonly found in Korean cuisine

3803:

List of grilled dishes commonly found in Korean cuisine

3064: 2705:(닭발), are often roasted and covered with hot and spicy 2250:, which is used as the base for the noodle dish called 1984:

The country remained in a state of turmoil through the

8357: 8333: 8321: 8309: 8263: 6824: 5398:

In Korea, unlike in other East Asian cuisines such as

2987:. Several types of wild greens, known collectively as 6864:

David Clive Price; Masano Kawana (15 November 2002).

6764: 6165: 6102: 5969:. Korean Overseas Information Service. Archived from 5649:(a casserole of meat and vegetables), three types of 5426:

is set to the back while sauces remain in the front.

4400:

beers and bars are growing in popularity after 2002.

2803:, marinated crabs in soy sauce and plates of various 2240:), while soybean sprouts are sauteed as a vegetable ( 2078:

sent by his mother after establishing the kingdom of

8120: 7622: 7397: 7373: 7231:"Fermented Foods of Korea and Their Functionalities" 6698: 6686: 6660: 6636: 6624: 6321: 6276: 6141: 6090: 6078: 6054: 6022:

Park, Kun-Young; Cheigh, Hong-Sik (2003). "Kimchi".

5716: 5358:

Dining etiquette in Korea can be traced back to the

4858: 3988:, chopped garlic, or sometimes chili pepper powder. 3676:

broth, was regarded as the top quality noodle dish.

3121:, South Gyeongsang Province. A wall painting in the 2524:, fermented bean paste. Some variations can include 1859:

began to appear, acquired through trade with China,

1623: 1611: 1595: 1575: 77: 62: 47: 32: 8006:"(Korean Food Culture Series – Part 7) Local Foods" 7845:

Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia

6030: 6003: 5077:traditions that influenced Korean culture from the 4882:) according to the administrative districts of the 4526:are eaten as treats during holidays and festivals. 3881:

list of raw dishes commonly found in Korean cuisine

3441:(곰탕), and they are made from boiling beef bones or 3230:used in kimchi add health benefits to these foods. 2959:

List of Korean dishes § Vegetable-based dishes

1920: 8721:, outing at night" (오늘 어때? 포장마차 ‘밤마실’) taken from 8386: 8384: 7078:A Study of the Favorite Foods of the Balhae People 6730: 4123:chase away bad luck and happiness and well-being. 3207:Health Effects of Traditional Korean Diet (Hansik) 3040:, are often used as ingredients in cooking, as in 2683:chicken are used in Korean cuisine, including the 1952:Korean chicken dish (Jjimdak) in Sydney, Australia 7704: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7311:Shin, Aesun; Kim, Jeongseon; Park, Sohee (2011). 6768:Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing 6737:. Rob Whyte. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 6297:"The reason why kongbap changed to boribap (콩사연)" 6042: 6024:Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing 5112:and a long-handled shallow spoon called together 2429:, is commonly eaten during the winter season. On 11884: 8882:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/7544# 8473:, edited by Miriam Stark. Wiley-Blackwell, 2006 7589: 7460:"[바다정보다잇다] 미역의 효능과 좋은 미역 고르는 방법 - 해양/레저" 4824: 4376:market is dominated by the two major breweries: 3376:are a thicker, heavier seasoned soups or stews. 2325:(Mung bean) is commonly used in Korean cuisine. 2086:, who were to be wed to the three princesses of 1944:, a spicy stew originated during the Korean War. 8921:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/7981 8908:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/4128 8895:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/7963 8869:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/7777 8856:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/7858 8843:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/7929 8830:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/7618 8381: 7763: 6948:"보양식 드시고 건강하세요 (Eat boyangshik and be healthy)" 6368:"Current Status of Fresh Fruit Export in Korea" 5824: 5822: 5466:List of Korean dishes § Royal court dishes 5442:. Each diner is expected to face away from the 2354:). The dangmyeons are the main ingredients for 8442:Flavors of Korea: Delicious Vegetarian Cuisine 7878: 7679: 7161: 6976:(in Korean). lifehanbang.co.kr. Archived from 5888:Lee, Kyung Won; Cho, Wookyoun (19 June 2017). 4223:(장, fermented grain juice with a sour taste), 4191:can be divided into the following categories: 4010:(side dishes accompanying alcoholic beverages) 3984:(숙채) is blanched and seasoned with soy sauce, 3837:is made with vegetable stuffed with fillings. 2785:List of Korean dishes § Fish-based dishes 2574:List of Korean dishes § Meat-based dishes 9338: 8962: 8056: 7269: 6729:Martin Robinson; Andrew Bender (April 2004). 5852: 3532:(miyeok-guk; 미역국).This soup is made of dried 3370:, often served as the main dish of the meal. 3156:Around 1816, Jeong Hak-yu, the second son of 3062:. Hot foods consumed are believed to restore 2236:1000–900 BCE. They are still made into dubu ( 1497: 1077: 7228: 6765:Yiu H. Hui; Sue Ghazala (1 September 2003). 6294: 5819: 5584:, 죽) made with ingredients such as abalone ( 5036: 5030: 4852: 3782:is often omitted in the names of meat-based 3712:refers to Korean instant noodles similar to 3327:List of Korean dishes § Soups and stews 3226:used in soups and fermented red chili paste 3160:, a prominent politician and scholar of the 2844:and hogs were reserved for the upper class. 2691:, and feet. Young chickens are braised with 1569: 1563: 115: 109: 8817:https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/ 8028: 7745: 7310: 6966: 6831:. Lerner Publishing Group. pp. 13–14. 6825:Okwha Chung; Judy Monroe (September 2002). 6213: 4874:and South Korea), it was once divided into 4765:, liquid candy) or sugar. It is similar to 3537:period after giving birth to the newborn); 2448: 9345: 9331: 8969: 8955: 8636:. "농사직설(農事直說), Nongsa jikseol" taken from 8558:National Assembly of the Republic of Korea 8256: 8254: 8252: 7892:. Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corporation. 7826: 6797: 6050:National Assembly of the Republic of Korea 6021: 5234:, which are enjoyed in autumn and winter. 4137: 3650:(cold noodle dish mixed with vegetables), 3541:(백일: the 100th day after a baby is born); 1504: 1490: 1084: 1070: 91: 69:, Korean-style cold noodles with buckwheat 8712:Elementary Etiquette for Scholar Families 8691:Yi Yang-Cha, and Armin E. Möller (1999). 7640: 7607: 7530: 7512: 7344: 7287: 7246: 6227: 5923: 5905: 5805:List of oldest restaurants in South Korea 5374:Elementary Etiquette for Scholar Families 4111:cinnamon powder to make the dough brown. 2318:(a mung bean starch jelly) and vegetables 2220:in Korea. The excavation at Okbang site, 8644:"Hanjeongsik, a full-course Korean meal" 8534:. "Experience Royal Cuisine" taken from 6908: 6758: 5519: 5469: 5337: 5325: 5302: 5246:(떡볶이)are also very popular street food. 5188: 5171: 5050: 4929: 4834: 4500: 4488: 4339: 4153: 4081: 4013: 3946: 3887: 3860:(생선회, raw fish dishes). It is dipped in 3740: 3630:In Korean traditional noodle dishes are 3596: 3563: 3330: 3089: 2942: 2792: 2734: 2598: 2563: 2302: 2256:. A byproduct of soy milk production is 2199: 2045: 1947: 1934: 1790: 1719: 1715: 72: 57: 42: 27: 8577:. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1993. 8249: 8084: 6940: 6818: 5834:Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism 5564:, 생과방) or the bureau of cooking foods ( 4898:Province. The central region comprised 3999:dishes commonly found in Korean cuisine 3940:dishes commonly found in Korean cuisine 2540:(mixture of other jangs and seafoods). 39:, Korean-style delicate and fine dining 11885: 8598:Korean cuisine: an illustrated history 8594: 8560:. "King Sejong's Humanism" taken from 8444:. Tennessee: Book Publishing Company. 8375: 8363: 8351: 8339: 8327: 8315: 8274: 8114: 8102:from the original on 23 September 2015 8068:[Hyangto eumsik] (in Korean). 8040:[Hyangto eumsik] (in Korean). 7716:[Noodle (guksu)] (in Korean). 7696:[Noodle (guksu)] (in Korean). 7445: 7403: 7391: 7379: 7313:"Gastric Cancer Epidemiology in Korea" 7137:"시민 72% "개고기 섭취 의향 없어"…42% "요즘엔 안 먹어"" 7126:. In Korean. Retrieved 12 August 2015. 6902: 6812: 6707: 6692: 6671: 6654: 6642: 6630: 6327: 6282: 6171: 6159: 6147: 6135: 6123: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6072: 6060: 6036: 6009: 5887: 5453: 4918:Province made up the southern region. 4619:mainly consist of grain flour, honey, 4315: 3968:(생채, literally "fresh vegetables") or 3918:There are some sweet varieties called 2586:. Ancient records indicate rearing of 2022:consumption brought about the rise of 11532:Historical North Indian and Pakistani 9326: 8950: 8782:List of articles about Korean cuisine 8615:from the original on 9 September 2023 8515:, Singapore: Tuttle Publishing, 2004. 8224:. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-13 7866:from the original on 9 September 2023 7361:from the original on 9 September 2023 7210:from the original on 9 September 2023 6950:. Kyounggikdoin Times. Archived from 6884:from the original on 9 September 2023 6870:. Periplus Editions. pp. 24–25. 6845:from the original on 9 September 2023 6785:from the original on 9 September 2023 6722: 6288: 6246:from the original on 9 September 2023 6185:"Eight Great Gastrodiplomacy Nations" 5830:"Korean Food in History (역사 속 한식이야기)" 5046: 3662:(noodles with a cold soybean broth), 3183:Samgyetang (삼계탕)-Ginseng chicken soup 1813:During the latter Goryeo period, the 84:, Korean New Year soup with rice cake 21:Cold Food Festival § South Korea 11837: 8459:. New York: Harper Perennial, 2000. 8234:"Best specialty food carts in Seoul" 7998: 7896:from the original on 23 January 2008 7823:The Korea Economic Daily, 2006-12-01 7754: 6857: 5610:). The side dishes could consist of 5524:A model of the royal kitchen in the 5145:For example, ancestral rites called 4471:, and pomegranate are most popular. 3778:), and other seasonings. The suffix 3485:, and are often a shared side dish. 2950:, a soup made from the sea seaweed, 54:, Korean-style marinated sliced meat 16:Culinary traditions of Korean people 11857: 8717:Yu Jisang (유지상). "How about today? 8390: 8246:. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-11 8121:Song, Min-seop (송민섭) (8 May 2005). 7841: 7835: 7772: 7667:from the original on 4 October 2023 7457: 6384:from the original on 15 August 2023 5699:. A typical banquet ingredient was 4925: 4886:. The northern region consisted of 4677:or frying pieces of dough, such as 4534:made from either pounded rice (메떡, 4280:), leaves, roots, and grains (e.g. 4021: : pig's feet, a type of Anju. 3792:, the name of which was originally 2778: 1992:, which separated the country into 1538:Korean cuisine is largely based on 1521:agricultural and nomadic traditions 100:This article is part of a series on 13: 8163:News. 1 April 2008. Archived from 7964:from the original on 21 March 2007 7930:from the original on 21 March 2007 7012:from the original on 14 April 2024 6177: 5121: 4292:) or herbs and substances used in 3922:(화전) which means flower pancakes. 3638:(noodles with a hot clear broth), 3320: 3049: 2701:. The feet of the chicken, called 14: 11904: 8976: 8736: 8012:. 5 February 2008. Archived from 7784:[Tea (cha)] (in Korean). 7427:from the original on 6 March 2019 7143:from the original on 18 June 2020 7038:from the original on 7 April 2019 6511:[Dangmyeon] (in Korean). 6347:from the original on 29 July 2021 5283:(호빵) are also enjoyed in winter. 4114: 4077: 3976:is mostly seasoned with vinegar, 3911:- 반찬) or accompanied by alcohol ( 3379:Some popular types of soups are: 2407:, which is assumed to be that of 2332:are often served as a side dish, 2010:, originated during this period. 11866: 11856: 11846: 11836: 11827: 11826: 11815: 11803: 8552:The History of the Koryǒ Dynasty 8415: 8292: 8227: 8204: 8195: 8179: 8143: 8131:from the original on 2 July 2015 7561:from the original on 20 May 2015 7484:. The Academy of Korean Studies. 6531:[Nokdumuk] (in Korean). 6491:[Nokdujuk] (in Korean). 6195:from the original on 6 June 2023 5733: 5719: 5709:was a favorite banquet dessert. 5497:kingdom, where a man-made lake ( 2923:eaten in Korean cuisine include 1921:Colonial period to modern period 1830: 1786: 1630:(fermented red chili paste) and 1099: 11867: 7976: 7942: 7908: 7817: 7808: 7732: 7649: 7616: 7583: 7573: 7547: 7488: 7470: 7451: 7409: 7304: 7263: 7222: 7155: 7129: 7106: 7090: 7071: 7024: 6992: 6713: 6677: 6615: 6606: 6597: 6571: 6543: 6519: 6499: 6479: 6451: 6423: 6414: 6405: 6396: 6365: 6359: 6333: 6267: 6258: 6207: 5755:Delivery culture in South Korea 5438:while dining is significant in 5267:(오뎅/어묵) which are popular with 4392:produced at a brewery based in 4072: 2232:were cultivated as a food crop 1657:UNESCO Intangible Heritage List 11522:Historical Indian subcontinent 9292:British Indian Ocean Territory 8584:. Elizabeth, NJ:Hollym, 1997. 8437:on 2008-06-15. pp. 75~95. 8074:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 7790:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 7722:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 6561:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 6469:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 6441:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 6420:Crawford and Lee, (2003), p.90 6189:USC Center on Public Diplomacy 6015: 5977: 5959: 5940: 5881: 5222:Seasonal street foods include 5161: 5073:in Korea may be linked to the 5055:Closeup of the ingredients in 5037: 5031: 4853: 4227:(숙수, beverage made of herbs), 3100:South Korean National Assembly 2711:-based sauce and served as an 2624:. Beef can also be dried into 2053:, cooked rice in a stone pot ( 1679: 1570: 1564: 1: 8634:The Academy of Korean Studies 7168:European Journal of Nutrition 6377:. Seoul National University. 6048:King Sejong's Humanism, from 5813: 5277:(계란빵) which is Egg Bread and 4825:Regional and variant cuisines 4625:, and sugar, or of fruit and 4254:, refers to various types of 4045:(tofu with kimchi), peanuts, 3870:, and served with lettuce or 3164:dynasty, wrote a poem called 2938: 2717:, or side dish, to accompany 2536:(gochujang and vinegar), and 2532:(soybeans, water, and salt), 2036: 1779:Attributed with the earliest 1478:100 Cultural Symbols of Korea 9352: 8794:Categories of Korean cuisine 6463:[Kong] (in Korean). 6435:[Jang] (in Korean). 6229:10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.42 5860:"Korean Cuisine (한국요리 韓國料理)" 5509:, and a spring fed channel, 5316: 5134:Korean Traditional Festivals 4132: 3680:with a cold soup mixed with 2477: 7: 11706:List of historical cuisines 11542:History of alcoholic drinks 9559:Lowcountry (South Carolina) 8595:Pettid, Michael J. (2008). 8092:"Sachal eumsik (사찰음식 寺刹飮食)" 7417:"Korean food was the theme" 7248:10.3390/fermentation8110645 7068:2008 Seoul Shinmoon article 6924:(in Korean). Archived from 6555:[Pat] (in Korean). 6305:(in Korean). Archived from 6214:Herningtyas, Ratih (2019). 5712: 5429: 5002:(wraps made with lettuce), 4956:was introduced into Korea, 4859: 4294:traditional Korean medicine 4033:include steamed squid with 3272:List of North Korean dishes 3079: 2659:become regular table fare. 1624: 1612: 1596: 1576: 999: 990: 981: 972: 963: 954: 915: 884: 870: 859: 850: 841: 832: 810: 799: 789: 780: 771: 746: 737: 728: 719: 710: 701: 692: 683: 674: 662: 650: 641: 632: 623: 612: 603: 594: 585: 576: 567: 558: 549: 540: 531: 522: 511: 489: 480: 471: 462: 453: 444: 435: 426: 417: 408: 399: 390: 379: 370: 361: 349: 339: 330: 321: 312: 303: 285: 276: 267: 258: 244: 235: 210: 199: 190: 179: 170: 159: 150: 141: 132: 78: 63: 48: 33: 10: 11909: 10993:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 8532:Korea Tourism Organization 8427: 8289:Jang et al. (2005, p.102). 8010:Korea Tourism Organization 7289:10.1186/s42779-023-00173-8 7180:10.1007/s00394-019-02141-y 6803:Korea Tourism Organization 5800:List of Korean restaurants 5463: 5460:Korean royal court cuisine 5457: 5168:Street food in South Korea 5165: 5131: 5125: 4941: 4851:Korean regional cuisines ( 4828: 4482: 4325: 4322:Korean alcoholic beverages 4319: 4147: 4141: 3726: 3644:(cold buckwheat noodles), 3604: 3592: 3557: 3324: 3265: 3210: 3131:UNESCO World Heritage site 3083: 2956: 2782: 2662: 2636:, as with seafood, called 2571: 2520:Many variations come from 2330:namuls (Mung bean sprouts) 2276:, such as soybean pastes, 2195: 1924: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1639:Korean royal court cuisine 1051:Korean royal court cuisine 18: 11798: 11726: 11693: 11630: 11462: 11375: 11056: 9509: 9360: 9280: 9240: 8984: 8760:28 September 2013 at the 8127:(in Korean). Seyeo Ilbo. 7995:Korean-English Dictionary 7642:10.1016/j.jef.2017.08.005 7609:10.1016/j.jef.2015.08.005 7501:Frontiers in Microbiology 7329:10.5230/jgc.2011.11.3.135 7317:Journal of Gastric Cancer 6579:"팥 (Phaseolus angularis)" 6411:Crawford and Lee, (2003). 6026:. CRC Press. p. 190. 5643:(meat stew), one dish of 5321: 5249:People also enjoy to eat 5090:being the main features. 4520:and Korean confectionery 4478: 3553: 3549:, originated in Goguryeo. 3479:Stews are referred to as 3408:. Common ingredients for 3388:(맑은국), are flavored with 3261: 2186: 2041: 1669:History of Korean cuisine 116: 110: 11612:Scottish royal household 11557:History of vegetarianism 9795:Central African Republic 9047:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 8926:21 February 2022 at the 8913:21 February 2022 at the 8900:21 February 2022 at the 8887:21 February 2022 at the 8874:21 February 2022 at the 8861:21 February 2022 at the 8848:21 February 2022 at the 8822:21 February 2022 at the 8727:11 December 2008 at the 8674:12 December 2008 at the 8471:Archaeology of East Asia 8151: 8123: 8064: 8036: 7780: 7712: 7692: 7514:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01493 6551: 6527: 6507: 6487: 6459: 6431: 6402:Crawford, (2006), p. 81. 5528:theme park, South Korea. 4964:(57 BCE – 935 CE), 4633:is largely divided into 4514:Traditional rice cakes, 4336:List of Korean beverages 3402:(된장국) are seasoned with 2900:, which is a mixture of 2449:Condiments and seasoning 2360:(a salad-like dish) and 2294:, chili pepper paste or 1610:, salt, garlic, ginger, 9302:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8939:5 February 2021 at the 8835:6 February 2022 at the 8748:20 October 2022 at the 8682:Tongguk Yi Sangguk chip 8540:26 January 2009 at the 8505:26 October 2021 at the 8152:사찰 음식, 정신을 수양하며 건강을 먹는다 7842:Roy, Christian (2005). 7629:Journal of Ethnic Foods 7596:Journal of Ethnic Foods 7276:Journal of Ethnic Foods 6753:shellfish korean broth. 6587:Encyclopædia Britannica 5985:"Gakjeochong (각저총 角抵塚)" 5952:5 February 2021 at the 5785:List of Korean desserts 5440:Korean dining etiquette 5434:The manner of drinking 5025:, who were assigned to 4831:Korean regional cuisine 4639:(fried confectionery), 4530:refers to all kinds of 4485:List of Korean desserts 4138:Non-alcoholic beverages 3127:South Hwanghae Province 2730: 2594: 2559: 2405:North Hamgyong Province 2124:(rice with barley) and 1871:; these crops included 1823:, grilled meat dishes, 1041:Korean regional cuisine 11537:History of agriculture 8652:. 2001. Archived from 7118:12 August 2015 at the 6828:Cooking the Korean Way 5750:Culture of South Korea 5529: 5489:Collectively known as 5486: 5366:. Guidebooks, such as 5355: 5335: 5313: 5206: 5186: 5128:Korean ceremonial food 5067: 4978:(a fried dessert) and 4968:(찰밥, a bowl of cooked 4939: 4848: 4839:A traditional meal in 4511: 4498: 4354: 4162: 4087: 4022: 3954: 3897: 3751: 3699:, a staple Koreanized 3602: 3571: 3347: 3095: 2954: 2810: 2744: 2608: 2569: 2319: 2210: 2060: 1953: 1945: 1810: 1754:. The second kingdom, 1739: 1686:Jeulmun pottery period 1046:Korean Chinese cuisine 85: 70: 55: 40: 11507:Early modern European 11235:Indigenous Australian 10794:São Tomé and Príncipe 9681:Bosnian-Herzegovinian 8582:Let's Eat Korean Food 8524:13 March 2009 at the 8124:심신이 맑아지는 사찰음식…마음까지 정갈 7742:Nate Hanja Dictionary 7083:10 March 2012 at the 6539:on 27 September 2008. 6273:Koryǒsa, 57, 53b-54b. 5795:List of Korean drinks 5790:List of Korean dishes 5523: 5473: 5341: 5329: 5306: 5192: 5175: 5104:are also served. The 5054: 4988:, Korean traditional 4944:Korean temple cuisine 4942:Further information: 4933: 4838: 4789:(솥) for a long time. 4615:. The ingredients of 4504: 4492: 4343: 4157: 4085: 4017: 3950: 3891: 3744: 3656:(knife-cut noodles), 3600: 3567: 3501:, which is a stew of 3334: 3268:List of Korean dishes 3098:In January 2024, the 3093: 2946: 2796: 2738: 2602: 2567: 2528:(soybean and brine), 2511:Hyangyak-jipseongbang 2306: 2288:, a soy sauce called 2203: 2049: 1951: 1938: 1794: 1723: 1716:Three Kingdoms period 1673:Further information: 1651:, which means making 1468:Emblem of South Korea 1463:Emblem of North Korea 1031:List of Korean dishes 766:List of Korean drinks 76: 61: 46: 31: 11670:Molecular gastronomy 11602:Pre-contact Hawaiian 11512:Historical Argentine 11398:Mangalorean Catholic 9579:Pacific Northwestern 9217:United Arab Emirates 8566:22 June 2008 at the 7139:. 6 September 2019. 7064:3 March 2016 at the 5973:on 21 December 2008. 5780:South Korean cuisine 5775:North Korean cuisine 5362:philosophies of the 4904:Chungcheong Province 4550:, mashed red beans, 4209:(sweet rice drink), 4065:(small octopus) and 3962:may refer to either 3866:, or soy sauce with 3615:in native Korean or 3254:benefits of kimchi. 2506:Hyangyak-jipsongbang 2218:archaeological sites 1988:(1950–1953) and the 1931:North Korean cuisine 1927:South Korean cuisine 1690:Mumun pottery period 1604:fermented bean paste 1473:World Heritage Sites 1036:North Korean cuisine 11527:Historical Japanese 11362:Transylvanian Saxon 11230:Indigenous American 9242:States with limited 8799:21 May 2008 at the 8786:Doosan Encyclopedia 8489:23 May 2008 at the 8403:on 13 November 2018 8378:, pp. 134–135. 8354:, pp. 130–132. 8096:Doosan Encyclopedia 7698:Doosan Encyclopedia 7122:(24 October 2006). 7113:"한국 개고기 시장 1조4000억" 6980:on 19 February 2013 6974:"Spring boyangshik" 6533:Doosan Encyclopedia 6513:Doosan Encyclopedia 6493:Doosan Encyclopedia 6162:, pp. 164–165. 6138:, pp. 29, 163. 5868:Doosan Encyclopedia 5840:on 27 November 2011 5554:, liquor, tea, and 5454:Royal court cuisine 5106:Korean tea ceremony 5017:royal court cuisine 5015:On the other hand, 4605:On the other hand, 4564:is a chewy stuffed 4453:In addition to the 4332:Beer in South Korea 4328:Beer in North Korea 4316:Alcoholic beverages 4306:) and ginger (e.g. 4246:In Korean cuisine, 4219:(탕, boiled water), 4215:(persimmon punch), 3031:Codonopsis pilosula 2809:(small side dishes) 2719:alcoholic beverages 2312:, a dish made with 2228:province indicates 1956:Japan occupied the 1173:Arts and literature 1026:Kimchi refrigerator 1021:Kimchi Field Museum 11607:Korean royal court 11552:History of seafood 11517:Historical Chinese 11492:Antebellum America 11332:Pennsylvania Dutch 9944:Equatorial Guinean 9914:Dominican Republic 8601:. Reaktion Books. 8397:www.koreafoods.net 8239:2011-10-19 at the 8217:2012-03-30 at the 7988:2011-07-14 at the 7916:"Jeonggwa (정과 正果)" 7008:. 9 January 2024. 6309:on 26 January 2009 6295:Yu Ji-sang (유지상). 6222:. Atlantis Press. 5727:South Korea portal 5530: 5487: 5356: 5336: 5314: 5207: 5193:Korea Street Food 5187: 5071:Vegetarian cookery 5068: 5047:Vegetarian cuisine 4940: 4849: 4783:glutinous kaoliang 4781:, glutinous rice, 4512: 4499: 4355: 4163: 4088: 4039:, assorted fruit, 4023: 3955: 3898: 3752: 3603: 3572: 3348: 3284:(a bowl of rice), 3166:Nongga Wollyeongga 3096: 2955: 2811: 2755:Chinese bellflower 2745: 2609: 2570: 2352:cellophane noodles 2320: 2211: 2061: 2031:culinary diplomacy 1954: 1946: 1900:irrigation systems 1811: 1740: 1586:short-grain rice. 805:(alcoholic drinks) 86: 71: 56: 41: 11880: 11879: 11622:Thirteen Colonies 11482:Ancient Israelite 10682:Papua New Guinean 9480:Intercontinental 9320: 9319: 9284:other territories 8701:978-3-7750-0457-2 8608:978-1-86189-348-2 8573:Marks, Copeland. 8495:Herskovitz, Jon. 8450:978-1-57067-053-4 8304:978-89-5913-611-7 7950:"Jeonggwa (정과 正果" 7886:"Kinds of Hangwa" 7859:978-1-57607-089-5 7657:"Document Viewer" 7448:, pp. 57–58. 7423:. 15 April 1971. 7421:The Daily Gleaner 7394:, pp. 56–57. 7034:. 7 August 2018. 6905:, pp. 84–85. 6877:978-962-593-026-8 6838:978-0-8225-4115-8 6815:, pp. 65–66. 6778:978-0-8247-4301-7 6748:978-1-74059-449-3 6657:, pp. 59–60. 6239:978-94-6252-813-0 6126:, pp. 19–20. 6075:, pp. 18–19. 5907:10.3390/nu9060630 5653:, three types of 5481:, the capital of 4723:and wheat flour. 4390:North Korean beer 4374:South Korean beer 4274:), flowers (e.g. 4265:Camellia sinensis 3358:. Soups known as 3340:, soup made with 3037:Angelica sinensis 3010:Korean bellflower 2896:, eaten raw with 2674:, founder of the 2497:Nonggawolryeongga 2437:, which contains 1582:) that accompany 1550:and (at least in 1514: 1513: 1094: 1093: 929:Persimmon vinegar 297:Soups & stews 11900: 11870: 11869: 11860: 11859: 11850: 11840: 11839: 11830: 11829: 11822:Drink portal 11820: 11819: 11818: 11808: 11807: 11788:Meal preparation 11701:List of cuisines 11547:History of bread 11472:Ancient Egyptian 11449:Ritual slaughter 11307:Louisiana Creole 11245:Italian American 11064:African American 10053:Greek Macedonian 9347: 9340: 9333: 9324: 9323: 9297:Christmas Island 9282:Dependencies and 8985:Sovereign states 8971: 8964: 8957: 8948: 8947: 8813: 8790: 8665: 8663: 8661: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8580:O'Brien, Betsy. 8511:Hopkins, Jerry. 8422: 8419: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8399:. Archived from 8393:"koreafoods.net" 8388: 8379: 8373: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8343: 8337: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8313: 8307: 8296: 8290: 8287: 8278: 8272: 8261: 8258: 8247: 8231: 8225: 8208: 8202: 8199: 8193: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8080:on 10 June 2011. 8076:. Archived from 8060: 8054: 8053: 8052:on 10 June 2011. 8048:. Archived from 8032: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8002: 7996: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7839: 7833: 7830: 7824: 7821: 7815: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7792:. Archived from 7776: 7770: 7767: 7761: 7758: 7752: 7749: 7743: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7728:on 10 June 2011. 7724:. Archived from 7708: 7702: 7701: 7688: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7587: 7581: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7551: 7545: 7544: 7534: 7516: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7348: 7308: 7302: 7301: 7291: 7267: 7261: 7260: 7250: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7174:(7): 3023–3035. 7159: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7133: 7127: 7110: 7104: 7094: 7088: 7075: 7069: 7057: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6954:on 26 April 2012 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6912: 6906: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6822: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6736: 6726: 6720: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6604: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6593:on 11 June 2011. 6589:. Archived from 6575: 6569: 6568: 6567:on 11 June 2011. 6563:. Archived from 6547: 6541: 6540: 6535:. Archived from 6523: 6517: 6516: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6475:on 11 June 2011. 6471:. Archived from 6455: 6449: 6448: 6447:on 11 June 2011. 6443:. Archived from 6427: 6421: 6418: 6412: 6409: 6403: 6400: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6383: 6372: 6366:Lee, Seung Koo. 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6343:. 2 April 2020. 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6292: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6231: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5999:on 10 June 2011. 5995:. Archived from 5981: 5975: 5974: 5963: 5957: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5927: 5909: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5836:. Archived from 5826: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5729: 5724: 5723: 5722: 5436:alcoholic drinks 5414:after the meal. 5330:A single-person 5140:Gwan Hon Sang Je 5042: 5041: 5034: 5033: 4948:Buddhist cuisine 4926:Buddhist cuisine 4908:Gangwon Province 4862: 4856: 4855: 4600:sweet bean paste 3290:(porridge), and 3054:Medicinal food ( 3022:lingzhi mushroom 2779:Fish and seafood 2651:beasts of burden 2620:) or boiling in 2493:The Three States 2226:South Gyeongsang 1958:Korean peninsula 1768:. The spread of 1675:History of Korea 1629: 1617: 1601: 1581: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1566: 1506: 1499: 1492: 1129: 1121: 1119:Culture of Korea 1103: 1096: 1095: 1086: 1079: 1072: 1004: 995: 986: 977: 968: 959: 920: 889: 875: 864: 855: 846: 837: 815: 806: 804: 794: 785: 776: 751: 742: 733: 724: 715: 706: 697: 688: 679: 669: 655: 646: 637: 628: 617: 608: 599: 590: 581: 572: 563: 554: 545: 536: 527: 518: 494: 485: 476: 467: 458: 449: 440: 431: 422: 413: 404: 395: 384: 375: 366: 356: 344: 335: 326: 317: 308: 290: 281: 272: 263: 249: 240: 215: 204: 195: 184: 175: 164: 155: 146: 137: 119: 118: 113: 112: 95: 88: 87: 83: 68: 53: 38: 11908: 11907: 11903: 11902: 11901: 11899: 11898: 11897: 11883: 11882: 11881: 11876: 11816: 11814: 11810:Food portal 11802: 11794: 11722: 11689: 11626: 11458: 11371: 11079:Arab-Indonesian 11052: 11033:Western Saharan 10505:Liechtensteiner 10070:Guinea-Bissauan 9706:Channel Islands 9594:Southwestern US 9514: 9505: 9356: 9351: 9321: 9316: 9285: 9283: 9276: 9257:Northern Cyprus 9245: 9243: 9236: 9027:Burma (Myanmar) 8980: 8975: 8941:Wayback Machine 8928:Wayback Machine 8915:Wayback Machine 8902:Wayback Machine 8889:Wayback Machine 8876:Wayback Machine 8863:Wayback Machine 8850:Wayback Machine 8837:Wayback Machine 8824:Wayback Machine 8811: 8801:Wayback Machine 8788: 8771:Wayback Machine 8762:Wayback Machine 8750:Wayback Machine 8739: 8734: 8729:Wayback Machine 8688:), Seoul, 1982. 8676:Wayback Machine 8659: 8657: 8649:The Chosun Ilbo 8642: 8618: 8616: 8609: 8568:Wayback Machine 8542:Wayback Machine 8526:Wayback Machine 8507:Wayback Machine 8491:Wayback Machine 8430: 8425: 8420: 8416: 8406: 8404: 8389: 8382: 8374: 8370: 8362: 8358: 8350: 8346: 8338: 8334: 8326: 8322: 8314: 8310: 8297: 8293: 8288: 8281: 8273: 8264: 8259: 8250: 8241:Wayback Machine 8232: 8228: 8219:Wayback Machine 8209: 8205: 8200: 8196: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8153: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8134: 8132: 8125: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8066: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8004: 8003: 7999: 7990:Wayback Machine 7981: 7977: 7967: 7965: 7948: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7914: 7913: 7909: 7899: 7897: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7860: 7852:. p. 285. 7840: 7836: 7831: 7827: 7822: 7818: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7796:on 10 June 2011 7782: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7768: 7764: 7759: 7755: 7750: 7746: 7737: 7733: 7714: 7710: 7709: 7705: 7694: 7690: 7689: 7680: 7670: 7668: 7661:www.wikim.re.kr 7655: 7654: 7650: 7621: 7617: 7588: 7584: 7578: 7574: 7564: 7562: 7555:"Kimchi - food" 7553: 7552: 7548: 7493: 7489: 7476: 7475: 7471: 7456: 7452: 7444: 7440: 7430: 7428: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7402: 7398: 7390: 7386: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7309: 7305: 7268: 7264: 7227: 7223: 7213: 7211: 7160: 7156: 7146: 7144: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7120:Wayback Machine 7111: 7107: 7095: 7091: 7085:Wayback Machine 7076: 7072: 7066:Wayback Machine 7058: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7013: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6983: 6981: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6928:on 13 June 2011 6921:The Korea Times 6914: 6913: 6909: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6878: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6839: 6823: 6819: 6811: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6779: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6706: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6683:Yu Jisang (유지상) 6682: 6678: 6670: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6641: 6637: 6629: 6625: 6620: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6529: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6489: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6461: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6433: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6410: 6406: 6401: 6397: 6387: 6385: 6381: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6348: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6293: 6289: 6281: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6240: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6191:. 2 July 2015. 6183: 6182: 6178: 6170: 6166: 6158: 6154: 6146: 6142: 6134: 6130: 6122: 6115: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6083: 6079: 6071: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6047: 6043: 6035: 6031: 6020: 6016: 6008: 6004: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5965: 5964: 5960: 5954:Wayback Machine 5945: 5941: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5828: 5827: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5760:Korean New Year 5739: 5732: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5637:), one dish of 5606:), and sesame ( 5590:), white rice ( 5491:gungjung eumsik 5468: 5462: 5456: 5448:Choseon dynasty 5432: 5382:table etiquette 5352:stainless steel 5324: 5319: 5170: 5164: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5122:Ceremonial food 5049: 4950: 4928: 4876:eight provinces 4833: 4827: 4663:(tea food) and 4487: 4481: 4368:in Korean) are 4338: 4324: 4318: 4203:(fruit punch), 4152: 4146: 4140: 4135: 4117: 4080: 4075: 4012: 3729: 3609: 3595: 3562: 3556: 3498:doenjang jjigae 3329: 3323: 3321:Soups and stews 3274: 3264: 3215: 3209: 3185: 3094:Gaegogi Jeongol 3088: 3082: 3052: 3050:Medicinal foods 2961: 2941: 2861:Pacific herring 2791: 2781: 2733: 2665: 2607:before grilling 2597: 2576: 2562: 2480: 2451: 2395:Cultivation of 2198: 2189: 2074:seeds from two 2070:, who received 2044: 2039: 1933: 1925:Main articles: 1923: 1833: 1789: 1730:(각저총 "Tombs of 1718: 1682: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1655:, is listed on 1510: 1424:Paektu Mountain 1127: 1117: 1090: 1061: 1060: 1056:Korean barbecue 1016: 1008: 1007: 949: 941: 940: 827: 819: 818: 797: 763: 755: 754: 508: 498: 497: 227: 219: 218: 127: 114: 108: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11906: 11896: 11895: 11893:Korean cuisine 11878: 11877: 11875: 11874: 11864: 11854: 11844: 11834: 11824: 11812: 11799: 11796: 11795: 11793: 11792: 11791: 11790: 11780: 11779: 11778: 11768: 11767: 11766: 11761: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11730: 11728: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11718: 11711:Lists of foods 11708: 11703: 11697: 11695: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11661: 11660: 11655: 11645: 11640: 11634: 11632: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11468: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11445: 11444: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11412: 11407: 11406: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11385: 11379: 11377: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11293: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11195: 11190: 11188:Greek-American 11185: 11180: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11082: 11081: 11071: 11066: 11060: 11058: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10959: 10958: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10907: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10819:Sierra Leonean 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10770: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10548: 10547: 10542: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10456: 10455: 10450: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10424: 10423: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10402: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10244: 10243: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10061: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10009: 10008: 10003: 10001:French Guianan 9998: 9993: 9983: 9978: 9977: 9976: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9791: 9790: 9785: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9739: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9721:Northern Irish 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9520: 9518: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9501: 9499:Middle Eastern 9496: 9491: 9489:Latin American 9486: 9478: 9473: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9446: 9445: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9387: 9386: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9364: 9362: 9358: 9357: 9350: 9349: 9342: 9335: 9327: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9288: 9286: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9248: 9246: 9241: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8988: 8986: 8982: 8981: 8974: 8973: 8966: 8959: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8931: 8918: 8905: 8892: 8879: 8866: 8853: 8840: 8827: 8814: 8791: 8779: 8774: 8764: 8752: 8738: 8737:External links 8735: 8733: 8732: 8731:on 2008-06-13. 8715: 8704: 8689: 8678: 8666: 8656:on 7 July 2003 8640: 8639:on 2008-06-10. 8631: 8630:on 2008-06-16. 8625: 8607: 8592: 8578: 8571: 8570:on 2008-06-10. 8555: 8554:, Seoul, 1990. 8545: 8544:on 2008-06-13. 8529: 8528:on 2008-05-22. 8516: 8509: 8493: 8481: 8467: 8453: 8438: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8423: 8414: 8380: 8368: 8366:, p. 133. 8356: 8344: 8342:, p. 132. 8332: 8330:, p. 130. 8320: 8318:, p. 129. 8308: 8291: 8279: 8277:, p. 159. 8262: 8248: 8226: 8203: 8194: 8178: 8167:on 3 July 2015 8142: 8113: 8083: 8055: 8027: 8016:on 31 May 2012 7997: 7975: 7941: 7907: 7877: 7858: 7834: 7825: 7816: 7807: 7771: 7762: 7753: 7744: 7731: 7703: 7678: 7648: 7635:(3): 172–180. 7615: 7602:(3): 126–136. 7582: 7572: 7546: 7487: 7469: 7450: 7438: 7408: 7396: 7384: 7372: 7323:(3): 135–140. 7303: 7262: 7221: 7154: 7128: 7105: 7089: 7070: 7049: 7023: 6991: 6965: 6939: 6907: 6895: 6876: 6856: 6837: 6817: 6805: 6796: 6777: 6757: 6747: 6721: 6712: 6697: 6685: 6676: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6623: 6614: 6605: 6596: 6570: 6542: 6518: 6498: 6478: 6450: 6422: 6413: 6404: 6395: 6358: 6332: 6320: 6287: 6275: 6266: 6264:Yi Kyubo, 1-9. 6257: 6238: 6206: 6176: 6174:, p. 166. 6164: 6152: 6140: 6128: 6113: 6111:, p. 163. 6101: 6089: 6077: 6065: 6053: 6041: 6029: 6014: 6002: 5976: 5958: 5939: 5880: 5851: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5730: 5714: 5711: 5600:), pine nuts ( 5596:), mushrooms ( 5534:Six Ministries 5458:Main article: 5455: 5452: 5431: 5428: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5166:Main article: 5163: 5160: 5126:Main article: 5123: 5120: 5048: 5045: 4994:Goryeo dynasty 4970:glutinous rice 4927: 4924: 4884:Joseon dynasty 4860:hyangto eumsik 4829:Main article: 4826: 4823: 4792:Yugwa(유과) and 4548:red bean paste 4540:glutinous rice 4480: 4477: 4465:Chinese quince 4422:is around 22% 4320:Main article: 4317: 4314: 4187:are recorded. 4142:Main article: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4116: 4115:Ogok-bap (오곡밥) 4113: 4079: 4078:Songpyeon (송편) 4076: 4074: 4071: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3942: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3770:(a mixture of 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3717: 3705: 3607:Korean noodles 3605:Main article: 3594: 3591: 3558:Main article: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3522:sundubu jjigae 3477: 3476: 3472: 3454: 3430: 3419: 3395: 3322: 3319: 3263: 3260: 3208: 3205: 3184: 3181: 3170:Dongguk Sesigi 3158:Jeong Yak-yong 3123:Goguryeo tombs 3117:settlement in 3084:Main article: 3081: 3078: 3051: 3048: 2940: 2937: 2875:yellow corvina 2780: 2777: 2732: 2729: 2664: 2661: 2647:lunar New Year 2596: 2593: 2561: 2558: 2479: 2476: 2450: 2447: 2389:tangpyeongchae 2309:Tangpyeongchae 2197: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2015:Park Chung Hee 1965:of white rice 1922: 1919: 1911:Joseon dynasty 1877:sweet potatoes 1839:Nongsa jikseol 1832: 1829: 1805:entombed with 1788: 1785: 1744:Three Kingdoms 1724:In a mural of 1717: 1714: 1708:, legumes and 1681: 1678: 1667:Main article: 1664: 1661: 1517:Korean cuisine 1512: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1501: 1494: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1426: 1421: 1414: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1377: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1358: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1183: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1160:Names of Korea 1157: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1123: 1122: 1114: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1074: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 996: 987: 978: 969: 960: 950: 947: 946: 943: 942: 939: 938: 937: 936: 931: 921: 912: 911: 910: 905: 895: 890: 881: 876: 867: 866: 865: 856: 838: 828: 825: 824: 821: 820: 817: 816: 807: 795: 786: 777: 764: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 743: 734: 725: 716: 707: 698: 689: 680: 659: 658: 657: 656: 647: 638: 620: 619: 618: 609: 591: 582: 573: 564: 555: 546: 537: 528: 509: 504: 503: 500: 499: 496: 495: 486: 477: 468: 459: 450: 441: 432: 423: 414: 405: 396: 387: 386: 385: 367: 346: 345: 336: 327: 318: 309: 294: 293: 292: 291: 282: 273: 264: 250: 241: 230:Pickled dishes 228: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 207: 206: 205: 187: 186: 185: 167: 166: 165: 156: 147: 128: 125: 124: 121: 120: 106:Korean cuisine 102: 101: 97: 96: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11905: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11873: 11865: 11863: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11843: 11835: 11833: 11825: 11823: 11813: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11800: 11797: 11789: 11786: 11785: 11784: 11781: 11777: 11774: 11773: 11772: 11769: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11744:Culinary arts 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11725: 11717: 11714: 11713: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11692: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11650: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11635: 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10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10844:South African 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10799:Saudi Arabian 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10515:Luxembourgish 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10445: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10422: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10346: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10248: 10245: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10235:Uttar Pradesh 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10170:Maharashtrian 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10130:Chhattisgarhi 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9975: 9972: 9971: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9924:East Timorese 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9812: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9564:Midwestern US 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9512: 9508: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9494:Mediterranean 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9447: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9418: 9415: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9392: 9391: 9388: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9348: 9343: 9341: 9336: 9334: 9329: 9328: 9325: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9279: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9267:South Ossetia 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9239: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8978:Asian cuisine 8972: 8967: 8965: 8960: 8958: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8942: 8938: 8935: 8932: 8929: 8925: 8922: 8919: 8916: 8912: 8909: 8906: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8890: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8867: 8864: 8860: 8857: 8854: 8851: 8847: 8844: 8841: 8838: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8821: 8818: 8815: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8795: 8792: 8787: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8777:Food in Korea 8775: 8772: 8768: 8767:Food in Korea 8765: 8763: 8759: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8747: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8730: 8726: 8723: 8720: 8716: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8677: 8673: 8670: 8667: 8655: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8600: 8599: 8593: 8591: 8590:1-56591-071-0 8587: 8583: 8579: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8536: 8533: 8530: 8527: 8523: 8520: 8517: 8514: 8510: 8508: 8504: 8501: 8498: 8494: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8479:1-4051-0213-6 8476: 8472: 8468: 8466: 8465:0-06-093204-X 8462: 8458: 8455:Cost, Bruce. 8454: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8418: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8387: 8385: 8377: 8372: 8365: 8360: 8353: 8348: 8341: 8336: 8329: 8324: 8317: 8312: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8286: 8284: 8276: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8260:Yi Tǒngmu 62. 8257: 8255: 8253: 8245: 8242: 8238: 8235: 8230: 8223: 8220: 8216: 8213: 8207: 8198: 8192: 8191:89-91060-34-X 8188: 8182: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8157:JoongAng Ilbo 8155:(in Korean). 8154: 8146: 8130: 8126: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8094:(in Korean). 8093: 8087: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8059: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8031: 8015: 8011: 8007: 8001: 7994: 7991: 7987: 7984: 7979: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7952:(in Korean). 7951: 7945: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7918:(in Korean). 7917: 7911: 7895: 7891: 7890:Food in Korea 7887: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7838: 7829: 7820: 7811: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7775: 7766: 7757: 7748: 7741: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7652: 7643: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7610: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7586: 7576: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7542: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7491: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7465: 7461: 7454: 7447: 7442: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7412: 7406:, p. 57. 7405: 7400: 7393: 7388: 7382:, p. 56. 7381: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7307: 7299: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7225: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7158: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7109: 7103: 7102:89-01-04720-9 7099: 7093: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7074: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7056: 7054: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7011: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6995: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6927: 6923: 6922: 6917: 6911: 6904: 6899: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6869: 6868: 6867:Food of Korea 6860: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6821: 6814: 6809: 6800: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6761: 6754: 6750: 6744: 6740: 6735: 6734: 6725: 6716: 6710:, p. 63. 6709: 6704: 6702: 6695:, p. 61. 6694: 6689: 6680: 6674:, p. 62. 6673: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6656: 6651: 6645:, p. 60. 6644: 6639: 6633:, p. 58. 6632: 6627: 6618: 6609: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6581:(in Korean). 6580: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6546: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6522: 6514: 6510: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6454: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6426: 6417: 6408: 6399: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6362: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6330:, p. 34. 6329: 6324: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6302:JoongAng Ilbo 6298: 6291: 6285:, p. 33. 6284: 6279: 6270: 6261: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6180: 6173: 6168: 6161: 6156: 6150:, p. 20. 6149: 6144: 6137: 6132: 6125: 6120: 6118: 6110: 6105: 6099:, p. 19. 6098: 6093: 6087:, p. 18. 6086: 6081: 6074: 6069: 6063:, p. 17. 6062: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039:, p. 15. 6038: 6033: 6025: 6018: 6012:, p. 13. 6011: 6006: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5987:(in Korean). 5986: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5943: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5884: 5869: 5865: 5862:(in Korean). 5861: 5855: 5839: 5835: 5832:(in Korean). 5831: 5825: 5823: 5818: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5736: 5731: 5728: 5717: 5710: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5668:sura sanggung 5664: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5578:rice porridge 5575: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5562:Saenggwa-bang 5559: 5558: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5527: 5526:Dae Jang Geum 5522: 5518: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5501:, located in 5500: 5496: 5492: 5484: 5483:Silla Kingdom 5480: 5476: 5472: 5467: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5396: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5364:Joseon period 5361: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5333: 5328: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5253: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5197: 5191: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5143: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5053: 5044: 5040: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5006: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4992:. During the 4991: 4990:confectionery 4987: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4932: 4923: 4919: 4917: 4914:Province and 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4894:Province and 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4861: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4795: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4613:confectionery 4610: 4609: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4591:chapssaltteok 4587: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4518: 4510: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4309:saenggang-cha 4305: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4084: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4020: 4016: 4009: 4000: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3859: 3858:saengseonhweh 3855: 3854: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3813: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3757: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3636:guksu jangguk 3633: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3608: 3599: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3583:Korean radish 3580: 3576: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3516:kimchi jjigae 3512: 3508: 3504: 3503:soybean paste 3500: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3483: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3295: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3103: 3101: 3092: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2997: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2983:, mushrooms, 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:Korean radish 2966: 2960: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2728: 2726: 2725: 2721:, especially 2720: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2660: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2606: 2601: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2368:blood sausage 2365: 2364: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2324: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2286: 2285:cheonggukjang 2281: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2207: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2140:Goryeo period 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2115:Joseon period 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2034: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1950: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1914: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881:chili peppers 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1831:Joseon period 1828: 1826: 1825:noodle dishes 1822: 1821: 1816: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1787:Goryeo period 1784: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1722: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1676: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1527:and southern 1526: 1522: 1518: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1003: 1002: 997: 994: 993: 988: 985: 984: 979: 976: 975: 970: 967: 966: 961: 958: 957: 952: 951: 945: 944: 935: 932: 930: 927: 926: 925: 922: 919: 918: 913: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 899: 896: 894: 893:Mustard sauce 891: 888: 887: 882: 880: 877: 874: 873: 868: 863: 862: 857: 854: 853: 848: 847: 845: 844: 839: 836: 835: 830: 829: 823: 822: 814: 813: 808: 803: 802: 796: 793: 792: 787: 784: 783: 778: 775: 774: 769: 768: 767: 759: 758: 750: 749: 744: 741: 740: 735: 732: 731: 730:Mujigae-tteok 726: 723: 722: 717: 714: 713: 708: 705: 704: 699: 696: 695: 690: 687: 686: 681: 678: 677: 672: 671: 670: 668: 667: 666: 654: 653: 648: 645: 644: 639: 636: 635: 630: 629: 627: 626: 621: 616: 615: 610: 607: 606: 601: 600: 598: 597: 592: 589: 588: 587:Yeotgangjeong 583: 580: 579: 574: 571: 570: 565: 562: 561: 556: 553: 552: 547: 544: 543: 538: 535: 534: 529: 526: 525: 520: 519: 517: 516: 515: 507: 502: 501: 493: 492: 487: 484: 483: 478: 475: 474: 469: 466: 465: 460: 457: 456: 451: 448: 447: 442: 439: 438: 433: 430: 429: 424: 421: 420: 415: 412: 411: 406: 403: 402: 397: 394: 393: 388: 383: 382: 377: 376: 374: 373: 368: 365: 364: 359: 358: 357: 355: 354: 353: 343: 342: 337: 334: 333: 328: 325: 324: 319: 316: 315: 310: 307: 306: 301: 300: 299: 298: 289: 288: 283: 280: 279: 274: 271: 270: 265: 262: 261: 256: 255: 254: 251: 248: 247: 242: 239: 238: 233: 232: 231: 223: 222: 214: 213: 208: 203: 202: 197: 196: 194: 193: 188: 183: 182: 177: 176: 174: 173: 168: 163: 162: 157: 154: 153: 148: 145: 144: 139: 138: 136: 135: 130: 129: 123: 122: 107: 104: 103: 99: 98: 94: 90: 89: 82: 81: 75: 67: 66: 60: 52: 51: 45: 37: 36: 30: 26: 22: 11675:Note by Note 11653:New American 11342:Pontic Greek 11223:South Indian 11218:North Indian 10889:Extremaduran 10779:Saint Lucian 10453:South Korean 10448:North Korean 10442: 10312:Palembangese 10240:Uttarakhandi 9726:Saint Helena 9716:Gibraltarian 9584:Puerto Rican 9212:Turkmenistan 9177:Saudi Arabia 8943:(in English) 8718: 8711: 8707: 8692: 8685: 8681: 8658:. 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Retrieved 5838:the original 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5685:hwayang jeok 5684: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5622: 5617:nabak kimchi 5615: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5581: 5573: 5570: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5547: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5515: 5490: 5488: 5433: 5416: 5397: 5389: 5386: 5373: 5367: 5357: 5331: 5307: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5274:Gyeran-ppang 5272: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5200: 5194: 5176: 5153: 5146: 5144: 5137: 5113: 5096:is a common 5091: 5069: 5062: 5056: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5009: 5003: 4999:sangchu ssam 4997: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4965: 4962:Silla period 4951: 4920: 4879: 4869: 4850: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4791: 4786: 4779:steamed rice 4774: 4762: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4712: 4702: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4627:edible roots 4620: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4598:filled with 4595: 4589: 4583: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4555: 4543: 4535: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4513: 4506: 4493: 4473:Majuang wine 4472: 4458: 4452: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4419: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4398:Microbrewery 4396:since 2002. 4365: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350:, a type of 4345: 4307: 4301: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4251: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4189:Eumcheongnyu 4188: 4185:eumcheongnyu 4184: 4171:eumcheongnyu 4170: 4166: 4164: 4161:(jujube tea) 4158: 4128: 4125: 4118: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4099: 4089: 4073:Holiday food 4060: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4007: 3996: 3981: 3978:chili pepper 3973: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3937: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3904: 3899: 3892: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3745: 3730: 3707: 3694: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3629: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3610: 3579:napa cabbage 3573: 3546: 3530:Seaweed soup 3520: 3514: 3506: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3462: 3456: 3438: 3432: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3399:Doenjang-guk 3397: 3389: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3349: 3341: 3335: 3308: 3300: 3299:Many Korean 3298: 3291: 3285: 3281: 3278:staple foods 3275: 3256: 3247: 3243: 3232: 3216: 3201: 3193: 3186: 3178: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3144: 3137: 3135: 3104: 3097: 3069: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3053: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3013: 3005: 3002:bracken fern 2994: 2988: 2973:napa cabbage 2962: 2914: 2908: 2901: 2898:chogochujang 2897: 2891: 2882: 2864: 2846: 2812: 2804: 2798: 2775:(삼겹살, 三--). 2770: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2739: 2722: 2712: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2666: 2644: 2637: 2631: 2630:, a type of 2625: 2615: 2610: 2577: 2554: 2542: 2534:chogochujang 2521: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2481: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2452: 2442: 2438: 2435:donji patjuk 2434: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2409:Mumun period 2394: 2387: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2361: 2355: 2345: 2341: 2326: 2321: 2313: 2307: 2300:and others. 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2241: 2233: 2212: 2204: 2190: 2168: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2092: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2023: 2012: 2003:budae jjigae 2001: 1983: 1979:World War II 1966: 1963: 1955: 1941:Budae jjigae 1939: 1915: 1908: 1897: 1850: 1848: 1837: 1834: 1818: 1812: 1778: 1774:Confucianism 1763: 1741: 1725: 1683: 1647: 1636: 1632:napa cabbage 1584:steam-cooked 1537: 1516: 1515: 1416: 1384: 1375:Martial arts 1360: 1353: 1316: 1181:Architecture 934:Rice vinegar 663: 660: 512: 350: 347: 296: 295: 287:Nabak-kimchi 229: 105: 25: 11862:WikiProject 11442:Kosher food 10824:Singaporean 10814:Seychellois 10789:Sammarinese 10672:Palestinian 10632:New Zealand 10602:Montenegrin 10572:Mauritanian 10567:Marshallese 10379:Piedmontese 10307:Minangkabau 10277:Gorontalese 10058:Heptanesean 9974:Kapampangan 9897:Greenlandic 9773:Cameroonian 9641:Bangladeshi 9631:Azerbaijani 9589:Southern US 9574:New Mexican 9569:New English 9544:Californian 9361:Continental 9244:recognition 9162:Philippines 9107:South Korea 9102:North Korea 8992:Afghanistan 8930:(in Korean) 8917:(in Korean) 8904:(in Korean) 8891:(in Korean) 8878:(in Korean) 8865:(in Korean) 8852:(in Korean) 8839:(in Korean) 8826:(in Korean) 8812:(in Korean) 8789:(in Korean) 8719:Pojangmacha 8706:Yi Tǒngmu, 8619:22 November 8376:Pettid 2008 8364:Pettid 2008 8352:Pettid 2008 8340:Pettid 2008 8328:Pettid 2008 8316:Pettid 2008 8275:Pettid 2008 8210:Ho, Esther 7446:Pettid 2008 7404:Pettid 2008 7392:Pettid 2008 7380:Pettid 2008 7241:(11): 645. 7087:Yang Ouk-da 6903:Pettid 2008 6813:Pettid 2008 6708:Pettid 2008 6693:Pettid 2008 6672:Pettid 2008 6655:Pettid 2008 6643:Pettid 2008 6631:Pettid 2008 6375:un-csam.org 6328:Pettid 2008 6283:Pettid 2008 6172:Pettid 2008 6160:Pettid 2008 6148:Pettid 2008 6136:Pettid 2008 6124:Pettid 2008 6109:Pettid 2008 6097:Pettid 2008 6085:Pettid 2008 6073:Pettid 2008 6061:Pettid 2008 6037:Pettid 2008 6010:Pettid 2008 5770:Hanjeongsik 5741:Food portal 5511:Poseokjeong 5499:Anapji Lake 5475:Anapji Lake 5444:eldest male 5231:bungeoppang 5217:pojangmacha 5212:pojangmacha 5162:Street food 4872:North Korea 4845:North Korea 4675:stir frying 4673:is made by 4538:), pounded 4386:Taedonggang 4289:hyeonmi-cha 4042:dubu kimchi 3903:(전, 煎) (or 3894:Bindaeddeok 3696:Jajangmyeon 3647:bibim guksu 3569:Baek-kimchi 3519:) or tofu ( 3346:, rice cake 3296:(noodles). 3125:complex in 3119:Changnyeong 2772:samgyeopsal 2767:yeonn ppuri 2761:, 도라지) and 2741:Samgyeopsal 2488:Mangi Yoram 2397:azuki beans 2347:bindaetteok 2111:Sino-Korean 2084:Jeju Island 1998:South Korea 1994:North Korea 1869:Philippines 1844:King Sejong 1807:King Injong 1727:Gakjeochong 1680:Prehistoric 1560:side dishes 1552:South Korea 1447:South Korea 1435:North Korea 1394:Video games 1279:Traditional 903:Perilla oil 260:Baek-kimchi 226:Ancillaries 152:Bokkeum-bap 35:Hanjeongsik 11685:Vegetarian 11464:Historical 11208:Indonesian 11156:Indonesian 11126:Australian 11048:Zimbabwean 11028:Vietnamese 11023:Venezuelan 10911:Sri Lankan 10879:Cantabrian 10854:Andalusian 10804:Senegalese 10784:Salvadoran 10732:Circassian 10702:Portuguese 10687:Paraguayan 10677:Panamanian 10637:Nicaraguan 10612:Mozambican 10592:Monégasque 10545:Sarawakian 10520:Macedonian 10510:Lithuanian 10374:Neapolitan 10247:Indonesian 10205:Rajasthani 10180:Meghalayan 10155:Jharkhandi 10110:Arunachali 10065:Guatemalan 9996:La Réunion 9929:Ecuadorian 9904:Djiboutian 9651:Belarusian 9621:Australian 9549:Floribbean 9222:Uzbekistan 9197:Tajikistan 9117:Kyrgyzstan 9097:Kazakhstan 9012:Bangladesh 9002:Azerbaijan 8046:Britannica 8020:1 December 7924:Britannica 7870:26 October 7800:23 October 6888:26 October 6849:26 October 6789:26 October 6351:31 January 5900:(6): 630. 5814:References 5701:chogyetang 5689:honghapcho 5598:beoseotjuk 5587:jeonbokjuk 5464:See also: 5393:chopsticks 5344:chopsticks 5309:Dak-kkochi 5293:(번데기) and 5285:Dak-kkochi 5269:tteokbokki 5261:(튀김), and 5243:tteokbokki 5199:(떡볶이) and 5196:tteokbokki 5132:See also: 5110:chopsticks 5058:goldongban 4912:Gyeongsang 4902:Province, 4890:Province, 4721:sesame oil 4568:served at 4532:rice cakes 4483:See also: 4467:, cherry, 4344:A bowl of 4326:See also: 4296:, such as 4277:gukhwa-cha 4260:internodes 4256:herbal tea 4241:sujeonggwa 4212:sujeonggwa 4159:Daechu cha 4148:See also: 4144:Korean tea 3986:sesame oil 3678:Naengmyeon 3641:naengmyeon 3587:jangdokdae 3469:sesame oil 3410:tojang guk 3385:Malgeunguk 3325:See also: 3266:See also: 3239:Samgyetang 3235:Naengmyeon 3211:See also: 3188:Samgyetang 3147:feral dogs 3070:boyangshik 3056:boyangshik 3043:samgyetang 2985:lotus root 2957:See also: 2948:Miyeok guk 2939:Vegetables 2929:cuttlefish 2797:A bowl of 2783:See also: 2763:lotus root 2698:samgyetang 2676:Kim family 2603:Marinated 2572:See also: 2550:tteokbokki 2503:, and the 2501:Gijaejapgi 2454:Condiments 2379:hwangpomuk 2173:rice wines 2037:Food crops 1986:Korean War 1904:cash crops 1867:, and the 1803:chopsticks 1694:Liao River 1592:sesame oil 1544:vegetables 1264:Television 1225:Literature 908:Sesame oil 852:Gukganjang 826:Condiments 812:Sujeonggwa 739:Siru-tteok 721:Jeungpyeon 676:Baekseolgi 201:Naengmyeon 65:Naengmyeon 11764:sociology 11643:Fast food 11638:Classique 11502:Byzantine 11403:Mennonite 11388:Christian 11376:Religious 11337:Peranakan 11285:Sephardic 11270:Ethiopian 11260:Ashkenazi 11213:Malaysian 11166:Pakistani 11161:Malaysian 11136:Cambodian 11086:Aromanian 11018:Vanuatuan 11008:Uruguayan 11003:Ukrainian 10956:Zanzibari 10951:Tanzanian 10941:Taiwanese 10904:Valencian 10899:Manchegan 10834:Slovenian 10747:Mordovian 10667:Pakistani 10657:Norwegian 10597:Mongolian 10577:Mauritian 10552:Maldivian 10535:Malaysian 10428:Jordanian 10389:Sardinian 10349:Abruzzese 10317:Sundanese 10302:Minahasan 10225:Telangana 10210:Sikkimese 10160:Karnataka 10095:Icelandic 10090:Hungarian 9959:Ethiopian 9909:Dominican 9862:Congolese 9857:Colombian 9825:Hong Kong 9820:Cantonese 9788:Québécois 9768:Cambodian 9763:Burundian 9753:Burkinabé 9748:Bulgarian 9701:Anguillia 9691:Brazilian 9671:Bhutanese 9646:Barbadian 9611:Argentine 9432:Levantine 9422:Caucasian 9395:Caribbean 9307:Hong Kong 9262:Palestine 9187:Sri Lanka 9182:Singapore 9067:Indonesia 8809:EncyKorea 8407:22 August 8391:Olimiko. 8065:향토음식 鄕土飮食 8037:향토음식 鄕土飮食 7958:EncyKorea 7671:2 October 7580:Abstract. 7523:1664-302X 7482:디지털진도문화대전 7337:2093-582X 7298:2352-6181 7257:2311-5637 7204:210135076 7188:1436-6207 6719:Marks, 8. 6388:15 August 5993:EncyKorea 5967:"Ssireum" 5916:2072-6643 5894:Nutrients 5697:mulgimchi 5677:sinseollo 5574:mieumsang 5566:Soju-bang 5412:toothpick 5360:Confucian 5317:Etiquette 5240:(김밥) and 4888:Hamgyeong 4865:provinces 4771:jam/jelly 4767:marmalade 4728:Suksilgwa 4709:pine nuts 4691:Maejakgwa 4680:maejakgwa 4642:suksilgwa 4561:songpyeon 4544:chaltteok 4469:pine cone 4455:rice wine 4447:makgeolli 4394:Pyongyang 4347:makgeolli 4303:insam-cha 4167:eumcheong 4133:Beverages 4091:Songpyeon 4086:Songpyeon 4036:gochujang 3974:Saengchae 3965:saengchae 3905:buchimgae 3863:gochujang 3824:gochujang 3794:galbi gui 3772:gochujang 3683:dongchimi 3670:baekmyeon 3659:kongguksu 3543:doljanchi 3492:ttukbaegi 3443:cartilage 3422:Tteok-guk 3418:is added. 3415:gochujang 3317:galbi"). 3228:Gochujang 3174:Bosintang 3115:neolithic 3086:Bosintang 3026:wolfberry 2993:(such as 2990:chwinamul 2916:daeha gui 2903:gochujang 2879:anchovies 2818:shellfish 2708:gochujang 2588:livestock 2483:Gochujang 2478:Gochujang 2471:gochujang 2431:Dongjinal 2297:gochujang 2264:kong-biji 2253:kongguksu 2243:kongnamul 2206:Kongguksu 2181:misu-garu 2136:musoe sot 2099:buckwheat 2051:Dolsotbap 2019:Livestock 1967:each year 1857:New World 1752:Manchuria 1732:Wrestlers 1643:etiquette 1626:gochujang 1622:flakes), 1614:gochugaru 1608:soy sauce 1531:, Korean 1529:Manchuria 1418:Mugunghwa 1380:Taekwondo 1334:Mythology 992:Ttukbaegi 872:Gochujang 861:Eoganjang 748:Songpyeon 712:Jeolpyeon 694:Gyeongdan 605:Gangjeong 560:Suksilgwa 551:Kkultarae 372:Buchimgae 269:Dongchimi 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