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1974:, however, is a much less important industry, and many of the fertile riverside lands have been flooded by the construction of dams (most notably Libby Dam in Montana, which backs water into Canada). Only about two percent of the entire Kootenay basin (1,005 square kilometres (388 sq mi) is used for agriculture, and much of that is for pasture and foraging). Crops such as oats, barley and wheat account for 62 percent of the agricultural output of the region, much of which is used locally or exported by rail. The primary agricultural region is the Kootenai Valley of northern Idaho south of Kootenay Lake.
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2382:, which drops some 17 metres (56 ft) within a run of a few hundred meters, forms a natural boundary between fishes of the upper and lower river, but Libby Dam, several kilometres upstream, is an even more formidable barrier. Fish in the Kootenay have traditionally been abundant but the construction of the dam may have led to declines in the population of sturgeon, among other fishes, because of changes in water flow. The best season for fishing is from June to November. One may fish from banks, sandbars and islands, or from boats. Because of the size and strength of the river, fishing from
2023:, the first dam built on the river, the original goal was to improve navigation between Kootenay Lake and the Kootenay's mouth on the Columbia by drowning the dangerous Bonnington Falls rapids that also blocked fish migration, and hopefully introducing fish to the upper river by constructing a fish ladder. None of these amenities for steamboats or salmon were ever constructed — in fact, the dam ended up being built above the falls instead of below them— and Upper Bonnington Dam, when completed in 1906, only generated hydroelectric power, and has served that purpose ever since.
2176:, being very popular for summer swimming and boating activities. Diversion of the glacier-fed Kootenay River would have resulted in the Columbia River becoming much deeper and colder, flooding riverside communities and damaging tourism. At the opposite end of the scale, it would dry the bed of the Kootenay River downstream of Canal Flats, cutting off water supply to residents of the upper Kootenay Valley and invalidating the effectiveness of Libby Dam, whose construction was to begin in a few years. As a result, this proposed river diversion was never undertaken.
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584:. Fed mainly by glaciers and snowmelt, the river drains a rugged, sparsely populated region of more than 50,000 km (19,000 sq mi), of which over 70 percent is in Canada. From its headwaters to its confluence with the Columbia River, the Kootenay descends more than 2,000 metres (6,600 ft). At their confluence, the Columbia and Kootenay are similar in length, drainage area, and volume, but less of the Kootenay is impounded in reservoirs and thus it has more free-flowing stretches with rapids and falls. Part of the lower Kootenay forms
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1475:(though still known as Fisherville), also spelled Kootenay and Koutenais and also known as Wild Horse. Galbraith's Ferry was established across the Kootenay near Fort Steele to facilitate crossing by the incoming rush of prospectors and merchants. Most of the gold was mined out by 1864, in June of which one American prospector wrote that some 200 miners were arriving each day. By 1865 the peak of the rush was over, and the diggings had been found not as rich as previously believed when news arrived in 1865 of the strikes in the
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1826:, low nutrient content, shifting channels and coarse sediments, making it difficult for riparian zones to be established, as is with most of its upper and lower tributaries. Wetlands are found primarily where the river broadens into a series of sloughs, side-channels, marshes and small lakes before entering Kootenay Lake. This biologically diverse area, the Kootenay Flats, once supported over 1 million migratory birds every year, before the river was diked and many of the wetlands converted to agriculture.
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trail already existed along the
Kootenay River, terminating at Columbia Lake, but was in decrepit condition (having been out of use for many years) and "entirely impracticable for horses". They re-blazed the trail for many miles and returned to Kootenay Lake by mid-October of the same year. The expedition's findings were later to become important transportation routes through the Rockies to the Kootenays area, and the trail that they followed later became the route of the
666:, where the Columbia River starts north as a small stream and the Kootenay rushes south, already a powerful river. Already knowing from earlier maps that the region included two rivers called the Columbia and the Kootenay, Thompson thought that what is now called the Columbia was the Kootenay, and he thought that he had not yet found the real Kootenay. Thence he applied the name "McGillivray's River" to the real Kootenay in honor of his trading partners
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1491:. The Chinese miners continued to work the "played-out" claims abandoned by American and Canadian miners, taking what little gold was left. Fisherville eventually was abandoned, its buildings left to ruin, and little remains of the settlement today. Other gold rushes on the Moyie and Goat Rivers, tributaries of the Kootenay, were followed by the discovery of silver and
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1834:) has never been a significant stream for the annual runs of Columbia River salmon. However, landlocked salmon inhabit the upper reaches of the river above and in Kootenay Lake. This is attributed to a Kootenay River flood a long time ago, before the construction of any dams on the Columbia (Columbia River dams now block salmon from reaching any of the
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bankruptcy which caused the
Doukhobors to lose most of their lands. Verigin Jr. died in 1939 and by 1963, almost all Doukhobor lands were sold to the government. Today, little remains of the former settlement at Brilliant except for Verigin's tomb. The Doukhobor suspension bridge spanning the Kootenay River still stands, and was designated a
1721:. They also cleared areas of level ground in order to plant orchards and fields and constructed sawmills on the Columbia and Kootenay rivers to process the logs into lumber. After more settlers began arriving, they built larger buildings that housed multiple families instead of the small cabins then typical of the region. Each larger house or
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Kootanae House, Thompson "placed the two kegs on a vicious horse and by noon the kegs were empty and in pieces, the horse rubbing his load against the rocks to get rid of it ... I told them what I had done, and that I would do the same to every keg of alcohol." Of course, wine, beer, rum, and other intoxicating drinks were imported in time.
1393:.) His expedition made it downstream to Columbia Lake but had some trouble making their way back to Alberta; the return route they had chosen proved too dangerous to negotiate. After trading for some horses and new supplies from a band of Ktunaxa, they made it back over the Rockies later that year through North Kootenay Pass near
1931:. Boat travel on the upper river ceased when a rail line was built along the Kootenay upstream of the big bend. Steamboats also operated briefly on the lower river and Kootenay Lake to service silver mines in the nearby mountains. In modern times, boats continue to ply Kootenay Lake and limited reaches of the Kootenay River.
2146:. The other two dams built for the treaty, Keenleyside and Mica, are both on the Columbia River. Kootenay basin reservoirs provide nearly 8.6 cubic kilometres (7,000,000 acre⋅ft) of storage which constitutes almost half of the 19.1 cubic kilometres (15,500,000 acre⋅ft) stored in Columbia River Treaty reservoirs.
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alarm clock indicated that this was the work of people who intentionally wanted to kill
Verigin, most likely members of the Sons of Freedom, or as some historians put it, by the lover of one of Verigin's handmaidens. Over 7,000 people attended Verigin's funeral. The Doukhobor leader was buried in an elaborate tomb on a
1187:, which also was much enlarged at the time. Glacially deposited sediments buried the old streambed of the Kootenay River and created a natural dam where the Kootenay turns west out of Kootenay Lake. After the glaciers retreated, Kootenay Lake receded to its present level, and the Kootenay Flats were formed.
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between Canada and the United States. None provide for navigation or fish passage. In former times, the
Kootenay would rise each spring and early summers with "enormous freshets that every summer flood the Kootenay River valley",. Such extreme variations are no longer common on the river below Libby Dam.
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began in the 19th century as a result of white emigration to the
Kootenay region, and remains one of the primary industries of the area. In fact, much of the economy of the Pacific Northwest and Columbia Basin has historically been, and continues to be, to this day, dependent on the lumber industry.
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into the Pend
Oreille basin via the Purcell Trench formed a natural corridor through which natives of the area could interact. The barrier formed by the Rocky Mountains to the east, however, meant that tribes of the area, especially the Ktunaxa, were economically and linguistically isolated from the
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The usage of the term "Canadian portion of the
Columbia Basin" in this article denotes any parts of the Columbia River watershed that drain to the Columbia upstream of where it crosses the Canada-US border, regardless if the tributary passes through the United States as well (such as the Kootenay).
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which encompasses much of northeastern
Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern Montana and southern British Columbia. Fish fauna in the region are largely shared with those of the Columbia Unglaciated ecoregion to the south, which has about fifty species of fish and only one endemic species. There
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now stands. In 1909, he purchased about 14,000 acres (57 km) adjoining the mouth of the
Kootenay River partly using funds raised by sale of farm equipment in Saskatchewan, and added to other lands acquired throughout BC, Doukhobor-owned lands ultimately totaled 19,000 acres (77 km). There
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to the
Baillie-Grohman Canal, which was in decrepit condition. The lock was also too small to accommodate the vessel. Armstrong had two makeshift dams built to create a temporary lock 40 metres (130 ft) long, and then the forward dam was blown up so the ship could ride the surge of water ahead
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The Kootenay River watershed is defined by rugged parallel mountain ranges of the Rockies, which direct drainage along a northwest–southeast axis. The only large areas of flat land are in the Kootenay River valley from Bonners Ferry, Idaho to Kootenay Lake, and in parts of the Rocky Mountain Trench
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Rafting is also popular in some of the Canadian stretches of the river, especially those near the headwaters that have the steepest gradient and the most challenging rapids. Several Canadian outfitters provide trips on the river near Kootenay National Park ranging from a few hours to several days.
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on the Columbia River. He then proceeded up the Pend Oreille River (noted as 'Pendoreilles') and crossed into the Kootenay River valley, which in his records was either the "Kootanie" or "Flat Bow River". Kootenay Lake was called "Flat Bow Lake". Palliser was told by Ktunaxa tribal members that a
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through Howse Pass and eventually arrived on the banks of the Kootenay, which he thought to be the Columbia. Thompson traveled down the river ways but turned back when he was attacked by Native Americans. The following year, Thompson, his family, and several men made another attempt at finding the
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advanced southwards into present-day BC, Montana, and Idaho, blocking the Kootenay River at the outlet of Kootenay Lake, which did not yet exist. Glaciers covered most of the northern Kootenay River watershed and heavily shaped the peaks and valleys one sees today. The glacier that formed Kootenay
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This article is about the river. The name of this river changes as it crosses an international boundary. In this article, the spelling "Kootenay" is used when referring to the part of the river north of the US–Canada border or the river as a whole; the spelling "Kootenai" is used when referring to
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Mining is also an important economic sector of the Kootenay River area. Although originally valuable minerals such as gold and silver were unearthed, today coal is the primary resource extracted from underground. Conventional coal deposits underlie much of the East Kootenay, especially in the Elk
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In the 1970s, it was proposed that the Kootenay River be diverted into the Columbia River (the two rivers are separated by a distance of no more than 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) near Canal Flats in the Rocky Mountain Trench in southeastern British Columbia). This would allow for the generation of
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Dams, power plants and diversions of the Kootenay River, of which there are many, have been built for a variety of reasons throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. The seven dams on the Kootenay serve many purposes, ranging from generation of local electricity to regulation of Columbia River flow
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overlooking the city of Brilliant and the Kootenay and Columbia Rivers. Verigin was succeeded by his son, Peter P. Verigin, who arrived from Russia in 1927. Despite the economic reforms he created in response to debt to the federal government, his arrival coincided with a terrible depression and
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destroyed several public schools in Brilliant as an act against British Columbia law. Then in 1924, on a routine rail trip to Grand Forks, Peter Verigin and seven other people were killed by a dynamite explosion that completely destroyed the coach that he was traveling in. Pieces of battery and
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The West Kootenay, however, is transitioning from a coal-mining to a tourism-based economy, and the rest of the Kootenay region is also starting to do so. The economy of southeastern British Columbia is becoming increasingly reliant on tourism, and several Canadian national and state parks have
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Canoeing in the numerous sloughs, side-channels and distributaries of the Kootenay that thread through the wetlands of the Kootenay Flats has the additional benefit of watching birds and wildlife in the Creston Valley Wildlife Management Unit and other surrounding marshes. Larger craft such as
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spoken by tribes of the Lake Pend d'-Oreille area. They were semi-nomadic people and inhabited a large area of the Kootenay valley from the headwaters to Kootenay Lake. Four villages provided their shelter in the winter, while in the rest of the year, they traveled between fishing, hunting and
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The Kootenay is the third largest tributary of the Columbia by both watershed size and discharge. Over 70 percent of the Kootenay's watershed is in British Columbia, while 23 percent is in Montana and 6 percent is in Idaho. The Kootenay is one of only a few rivers that cross the
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Exploration—British North America: Further papers relative to the exploration by the expedition under Captain Palliser of that portion of British North America which lies between the northern branch of the river Saskatchewan and the frontier of the United States, and between the Red River and
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over the Canadian fur trade west of the Rockies, he outlawed alcoholic drinks altogether. He was known to have written, "I had made it a law to myself that no alcohol should pass the mountains in my company". When two of Thompson's trading partners tried to make him take two barrels of rum to
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rivers, many dams were built on the Kootenay in the 20th century to generate electricity and protect against floods and droughts. Water levels of Kootenay Lake are artificially regulated, and numerous hydroelectric dams block the river between Kootenay Lake and the Columbia River. Upstream of
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Exploration - British North America - the journals, detailed reports, and observations relative to the exploration, by Captain Palliser, of that portion of British North America, which, in latitude, lies between the British boundary line and the height of land or watershed of the northern or
2046:, has its inlet at Kootenay Lake next to Corra Linn. The canal travels several kilometers, parallel to and above the river to utilize the roughly 84-metre (276 ft) high water drop in elevation between Kootenay Lake and South Slocan, bypassing the old dams. The canal is used to generate
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is easier than from the shore. Also, because the Kootenay's primary sources are glaciers, fishing conditions are quite different from most rivers in Montana and Idaho, which are fed by snowmelt. In the United States, the Kootenay, with its "exceptional" trout fishing, is considered a
2111:. The uncontrolled discharge past the Canada-U.S. border created problems for electricity generation in the US, and Canada also wanted to utilize the Columbia river for the production of hydroelectric power. Negotiated in 1961 between the governments of the two countries, the
1951:. The East Kootenay is the most important coal-producing area of British Columbia, has since 1898 produced over 500 million tons, and about 25 percent of the world's steel-making coal comes from the region. Most of the coal from the East Kootenay coalfields is exported to
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Fisherville, which had a Hudson's Bay post and other businesses, continued on with a few hundred residents for a few years (most of them Chinese by the end, as was the case with many other BC gold towns also) but was eclipsed as a supply centre with the creation of nearby
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criss-cross the hills and mountainsides. Over 90 percent of the Kootenay basin is forested, but only about 10 percent of the area is not affected by some kind of lumber-industry development, now defined as about twenty "roadless areas" or "blocks", with 18 in the US.
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Because of the rugged terrain and rough waters on the two rivers, especially on the glacier-fed Kootenay, steamboat operation was extremely difficult and proved to be anything but cost-effective. The roughest water was in Jennings Canyon, now mostly submerged in the
2135:, on the Kootenai in Montana. However, operation of the dams has led to environmental problems in both rivers because they have caused unnatural flow fluctuations, blocked fish migration, flooded fertile agricultural land, and forced over 2,000 people to relocate.
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to sail on the Columbia instead, finding business on the Kootenay less and less profitable as the mines in the region played out, as the CPR established its Kootenay Central Railway branch, and for a variety of other reasons. In June of that year, Armstrong took
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To a limited extent, the Kootenay River has also been used for navigation. Commercial navigation began with steamboats in the 19th century to transport ores, lumber, passengers and other imported and exported products between the Kootenay River valley and the
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Lumber was required for the construction of buildings, forts, railroad tracks, and boats, and today is exported from the region in great amounts providing jobs and income for inhabitants of the area. Even in relatively uninhabited regions of the watershed,
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Rafting the middle Kootenay between Libby Dam and Bonners Ferry is best at flows of 230 to 340 cubic metres per second (8,000 to 12,000 cu ft/s). The run, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) from east to west, includes Class IV+ rapids and includes
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Naturally, the Kootenay has a high sediment content because of high erosion of glacial sediments in the mountains. Because of the steep rapids and falls between Kootenay Lake and the river's mouth, the Kootenay (with the exception of its tributary, the
1127:, in turn, stratified into several subgroups with slightly different characteristics and ages. However, most of the rocks have one thing in common; the rocks are generally hard and erosion-resistant. The Rocky Mountain Trench is thought to be a partial
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Many river basins border the Kootenay—some are part of the Columbia Basin, while others drain to distant shores of the North American continent. On the south and southeast, the divide formed by the Cabinet and Whitefish ranges separate the Kootenay and
2322:, on the northeast shore of Lake Koocanusa, includes campgrounds and access to boat launches on the east shore of the lake. The Kootenai River Trail along the Montana section of the river, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) long, follows the river from
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is noted for its spring floods, major flood years were 1876, 1894, 1948 and 1964. As recently as the mid-1960s, the upper Columbia and Kootenay rivers in British Columbia were still free-flowing and unaffected by dams and reservoirs, resulting in the
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Even before non-aboriginal people came to the region, the Kootenay River valley was an important path of trade and transport between the tribes of the Canadian Rockies and the Idaho Panhandle, mostly between the Ktunaxa (who practiced agriculture and
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and subalpine reaches of the watershed, while grasslands dominate the low terraces and plateaus surrounding the river, especially in the Lake Koocanusa area and the Montana-Idaho portion of the watershed. In the Canada portion of the watershed, an
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once raised the level of the lake by up to 8 metres (26 ft), inundating the lowlands around it. There were also never-implemented plans to divert part of the Kootenay enlarged Columbia River through a tunnel to the headwaters of the
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Riparian vegetation is mostly found along the lower two-thirds of the Kootenay and many of the tributaries that join within the United States. The other sections of the river flow through far more rugged terrain and are characterized by
1725:, holding 70-100 persons each, was constructed on roughly 41-hectare (100-acre) plots of land that Verigin had divided the entire community into back in 1911. The Doukhobors then constructed a brick factory at the present-day site of
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Many national, provincial and state parks, wilderness preserves, protected areas and national forests lie partially or wholly within the Kootenay River watershed. In Canada, these include those listed below as well as many others.
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are popular on the park's trails in the winter. Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park, which sits right next to Kootenay in the Rocky Mountains, also has an extensive trail system affording extensive views of the surrounding ranges.
1729:, from where they made bricks to be used mostly in the Brilliant settlement. Brilliant was one of the first cities in the area to have running water; a reservoir was constructed to hold water from the Kootenay River and a local
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was built; it had to be moved when it was discovered the town sat atop some of the richest deposits. Originally, the river (and the area) were known as "Stud Horse" by the early miners, but government officials changed it to
1690:, decided to move them to British Columbia in 1909, seeking land and improved life. He chose a townsite on the north bank of the Kootenay, where it joins the Columbia, across the big river from where the present-day town of
704:(USGS) topographic maps from the 20th century show many misinterpretations or alternative names being applied to the segment of the river within the United States. These include "Kootanie", "Kootenie", and "Kootienay". The
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The proposal was strongly opposed by both environmentalists as well as local residents. The economy of southeastern British Columbia is strongly dependent on tourism, with the Columbia River, including Columbia Lake and
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language. It may also mean "deer robes," referring to their excellent skill for hunting deer. In some written records from the early 19th century, also by the French, the Ktunaxa were sometimes called the Flatbows
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Populations of large land mammals such as caribou, moose, deer, elk, have been declining dramatically since the reintroduction of wolves. Species almost entirely gone that were once common in the area include the
1842:) which overflowed into Columbia Lake. It was with the creation of this temporary body of water that salmon somehow managed to swim over the submerged Canal Flats and into the Kootenay, where they became trapped.
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on both sides. Faults in the Kootenay River watershed trend north-northwest to south-southeast as is common in much of British Columbia. The underlying rock is generally stable and contains more outcroppings of
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is popular on the Kootenay in two stretches: in Jennings Canyon between the Libby Dam in Montana and Bonners Ferry in Idaho, and in the upper reaches of the river in Kootenay National Park in British Columbia.
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at Canal Flats. Kootenay's steamboat era was short and lasted for only about 28 years. In 1882, as part of an incentive to help navigation on the Golden-Jennings run and possibly divert water northwards to the
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sailed up to the canal, which unfortunately was unusable because the gates of the lock had been dynamited due to a Kootenay flood. Armstrong was forced to portage the vessel and eventually made it to Golden.
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In September 1859, Palliser traveled into the Kootenay River valley to find a suitable path for a trade route and possibly a railroad. Instead of crossing the Rockies, as Thompson did, Palliser set out from
1618:, sank when transporting miners to the Wild Horse gold rush on the Kootenay. Both ships had not even reached Canal Flats when they hit rocks in the Columbia. The first steamboat to run the Kootenay was the
949:(Percells in the U.S.) on the west in southeastern British Columbia (BC), and is used to mean more the area drained by the Kootenay River, namely including the lower Canadian stretches of the Columbia from
595:(Kootenai) were the first people to live along the Kootenay River. For hundreds of years, they hunted and fished on the river, quite isolated from neighboring tribes. In the 19th century, Canadian explorer
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After the falls and the junction with the Slocan River the last 18 kilometres (11 mi) of the river is a gradual slope to the merger with the Columbia. In 1944 the last privately owned development
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in the 16th century. The Ktunaxa are considered quite isolated from other Pacific Northwest and Great Plains tribes. Their language is an "isolate", which is only distantly related (if at all) to the
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to a reservoir 45 kilometres (28 mi) long. Because of its purpose, it has no power generation facilities. Libby Dam, the fourth and last dam built under the treaty, was completed in 1975 by the
1634:, who had piloted several earlier steamboats on the Golden-Jennings run, was her builder and when she was about three-quarters completed, Armstrong decided to take her to Golden to complete the job.
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Solely built for the purpose of regulating water flow into Kootenay Lake, Duncan Dam, the first dam built for the treaty, was raised in 1967 and increased the 25-kilometre (16 mi) long size of
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proposed the creation of a canal between the Kootenay River and Columbia Lake. Construction of the 2-kilometre (1.2 mi)-long, 14-metre (46 ft)-broad channel was finished in 1889. The
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The Canadian portion of the Columbia basin encompasses 102,823 square kilometres (39,700 sq mi) of which 50,298 square kilometres (19,420 sq mi) drain to the Kootenay River
1413:. Palliser's earlier travels were credited for being a "vital forerunner to the European settlement of the Prairies , providing volumes of information on the resources of this vast region."
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The geologic story of the Kootenay is strongly connected to the geology of the Columbia, Selkirk, and Rocky Mountains. The mountains in much of the Kootenay River catchment are composed of
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Steep and strewn with rapids, the Kootenay, despite being unsuitable for commercial transportation of agricultural and mineral products, is considered an outstanding whitewater river.
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system, whose watershed is almost entirely within the United States, is considered part of the "Canadian portion" because the Pend Oreille meets the Columbia just north of the border.
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mines in the Kootenay Lake and Slocan Valley areas (Silvery Slocan), leading rapidly to the settlement of the region and the creation of various "silver city" boomtowns, notably
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increased hydroelectric power on the Columbia. It would also make easier the reclamation of the Kootenay Flats, an area south of Kootenay Lake, for agricultural purposes—spring
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Under this usage, for example, the Kootenay, which originates in Canada, flows back to the US, and returns to Canada, is considered part of the "Canadian portion", whereas the
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1813:, almost half of which is part of the Kootenay River basin, there are 447 species of terrestrial vertebrates. Most of the Kootenay basin lies within the Columbia Glaciated
1258:, while the southerners mainly fished. Notably, the Ktunaxa were the first tribe west of the Rockies to capture and use feral European-introduced horses for their own use.
1737:, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) up the Kootenay from Brilliant, to produce jam and marmalade. The Doukhobors then established a ferry across the Columbia River, and a
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began to ply the upper Columbia and Kootenay Rivers, carrying passengers, produce, ore, and other trade items through the region to be distributed via the CPR's line at
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type, the 4.5 km length of the falls is now impounded in small lakes. All except Corra Linn, which was built to raise and regulate the level of Kootenay Lake. The
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1409:, or officially, the British North American Exploring Expedition, which, although involved some travel west of the Rockies, was mostly limited to the east side of the
925:. The watershed stretches almost 400 kilometres (250 mi) from north to south and 250 kilometres (160 mi) from east to west, roughly defining a region of the
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2823:"A River Runs Over It: To the Kootenai Tribe, the Falls is a sacred site - the center of the world, a place where tribal members can commune with spiritual forces"
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on the Kootenay. She was also the only ship to ever travel through the canal by proper means and made two of the only three steamboat trips through the canal.
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strikes in the late 19th century drew thousands of miners and settlers to the region, bringing developments such as railroads and steamboat navigation. The
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and the well known Swinging Bridge across the Kootenai. Skattebo Reach Trail, on the lower river, is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long, running from
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or "Lardo" district at the north end of Kootenay Lake, and also on the upper Kootenay River between the Cranbrook-Fort Steele area and points in Montana.
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for recreational purposes from Libby Dam to the Montana-Idaho border. Class I represents bodies of water that are navigable and suitable for recreation.
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937:, which includes the whole region, is formally defined; the name indirectly refers to the territory of the Kootenay indigenous people spanning from the
541:, the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean. The Kootenay River runs 781 kilometres (485 mi) from its headwaters in the
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2342:. West Arm Provincial Park is on the impounded stretch of the Kootenay River just west of Kootenay Lake, and to the northeast of Nelson. Smaller
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615:, at the Kootenay's mouth; subsequently dispersing into many settlements, they contributed to the region's timber and agricultural industries.
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serving the same purpose was completed in 1913. For many years, Brilliant continued to be a major center in the region's lumber industry.
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1577:. The total run was about 500 kilometres (310 mi) long, ranging from Golden to the north to Jennings, Montana in the south, with a
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system which borders the Kootenay watershed on the southwest. The upper Columbia River basin forms the boundary on the north, and the
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In Kootenay National Park alone, there are over 200 kilometres (120 mi) of hiking trails, ranging from short day hikes to long
1339:. In the spring of 1808, he set off down the Kootenay River, this time reaching present-day Montana and Idaho, where he established
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1790:
1670:
to Columbia Lake was the last time the canal was ever used by a steamboat and marked the end of the steamboat era on the Kootenay.
1717:
When they first arrived in British Columbia, the Doukhobors began felling trees in the Kootenay River valley to build their first
744:, which is actually the larger of the two where they meet near Kootenay Crossing. The Kootenay continues southeast, receiving the
6873:
2519:
2509:
577:
5966:. Western Americana, frontier history of the trans-Mississippi West. G.E. Eyre & W. Spottiswoode for H.M. Stationery Office.
5763:
298:
4252:
4223:
5155:
1686:
in central Canada were facing persecution, internal problems, and land confiscation by the Canadian government. Their leader,
6105:
6088:
5932:
5845:
3526:
3372:
3008:
5982:
3068:
213:
5667:
4108:
2256:
1359:
but failed in this attempt, eventually returning to Kootenae House via the Kootenay River northwards the following spring.
6040:
5133:
2426:, which rarely has been run safely, in the middle of its course. In Montana, the river is rated a Class I water under the
1586:
in order to provide flood control for a low-lying area south of Kootenay Lake, called Kootenay Flats, European adventurer
1239:"I have created you Kootenai people to look after this beautiful land, to honor and guard and celebrate my Creation here."
708:
of the USGS lists "Swan River" as an alternate name, although the origin of this name is uncertain. (There is, however, a
6898:
6758:
5010:
2968:
2861:
705:
137:
4815:
1539:
6214:
6140:
4195:
2539:
2173:
1939:
1013:
865:, and flows through a marshy area called the Kootenay Flats before emptying into the 100-kilometre (62 mi)-long
741:
5092:
4606:(Map). Cartography by S. Paquin and D. Hortsing. Province of British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines. 2001-12-16
6300:
6226:
6011:
5951:
5913:
5894:
5875:
5820:
5705:
5432:
3645:
3605:
3445:
2246:
2035:
1767:
1753:
1261:
The origin and meaning of the name "Kootenai" are uncertain. Before their discovery by Europeans, they were known as
1033:
890:
776:
655:
used to call the Ktunaxa, for their "powerful, stylish bows", and was later recorded by French-Canadian fur traders.
477:
3859:
5191:
2534:
2529:
2261:
974:
3228:
2438:
are able to travel on Kootenay and Koocanusa Lakes. Rafting and kayaking is also an activity on the swift-flowing
6067:
2947:
2900:
2866:
2299:
2231:
2128:
1523:, to process ore from the mines. Serving the mines and settlers, steamer companies plied the Kootenai River from
1009:
870:
493:
4873:
1703:, meaning "valley of consolation". By 1913, there were already more than 5,000 Doukhobors living in the region.
599:
became the first recorded European to reach the Kootenay and established trading posts throughout the region. A
6492:
6487:
6472:
5354:
4691:
3314:
3310:
2287:
2139:
1962:
Lead, zinc, copper and silver are still mined at some places in the Kootenay River basin, notably at the giant
1652:
1551:
1025:
1017:
445:
17:
5617:
5156:"Treaty relating to cooperative development of the water resources of the Columbia River Basin (with Annexes)"
4960:
2115:
attempted to ratify these problems. Construction of the first three of the four dams authorized by the treaty—
4989:
2856:
2600:
2343:
2339:
2319:
2103:
1879:
1810:
1726:
1587:
1463:
1443:
1008:
from Canal Flats to Lake Koocanusa. Of the Kootenay's many tributaries, the 206-kilometre (128 mi)-long
990:
885:. The final westbound stretch of the river flows through a deep canyon, forming several waterfalls including
788:
752:
685:
to refer to the Ktunaxa in the 19th century. "Kootenai" is thought to be a word meaning "water people" in an
600:
449:
4902:
4573:
4103:
1389:, a tributary of the Kootenay River now named in his honor. (However, at first, his party referred to it as
1362:
5129:
2442:, the lowermost major tributary of the Kootenay, and in parts of other major Kootenay tributaries as well.
2378:
are among the many species found in the river. Kokanee and rainbows are commonly found in Lake Koocanusa.
2143:
1797:, wetlands, grassland/shrubs, moderately wet forest, and dry forest. The forested zones extend through the
1520:
1459:
1402:
1037:
950:
800:
453:
4931:
1519:
in the 1880s and 1890s. By 1889, a smelter had been constructed close to the mouth of the Kootenay, near
1158:
composes much of the streambed in the upper and lower reaches of the Kootenay, but in the middle portion,
728:. Columbia Lake is near the center, and the Kootenay River flows from the upper right into the foreground.
4632:(Map). Cartography by Susan Paquin. Province of British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines. 2002-01-31
4293:
2331:
2067:
1967:
1738:
1696:
1691:
1545:
1508:
1355:, respectively. After spending a winter in Montana, he tried to reach the Columbia by traveling down the
1053:
906:
894:
612:
566:
489:
276:
4458:
1370:
Through the early 19th century, Thompson continued to trade furs throughout the Kootenay region for the
1221:
The First Peoples of the Kootenay River valley (the residents at the time of European contact) were the
31:
the part of the river south of the US–Canada border. For the Kootenai, Kutenai, or Kootenay tribes, see
6883:
5068:
2221:
2016:
1891:
1472:
5269:
4177:, which begins in Canada but joins the Columbia in the US, is not part of the "Canadian portion". The
2346:, one of the more popular recreation areas in the West Kootenay, sits across the river from West Arm.
4661:
2559:
2549:
2427:
2407:
2355:
2216:
2188:
1626:
1583:
1319:
1307:
874:
862:
792:
659:
596:
4844:
4713:
1733:, and by 1912, each household had running water. In 1913, Verigin converted an abandoned factory in
6878:
2306:
2291:
2271:
2266:
2127:—was implemented in 1964. Of the four dams, the first two are on the Columbia, the third is on the
1928:
1924:
1734:
1574:
1566:
1516:
1512:
1496:
1427:
1093:
958:
878:
772:
3555:
2619:
1012:
is the largest. Hundreds of other tributaries join the river in its winding course, including the
720:
6848:
5925:
Paddling Washington: Flatwater and Whitewater Routes in Washington State and the Inland Northwest
3052:
2544:
2335:
2295:
2226:
2206:
1847:
1500:
1270:
854:
before the river enters the gentle terrain of the Kootenai Valley and turns north, flowing past
826:
just downstream of the dam and turns west, forming the "Big Bend" around the southern end of the
581:
5592:
5542:
5453:
5325:
4363:
1898:
in the north. The physiographic continuation of the Kootenai Valley southwards from present-day
1752:
However, Doukhobor views on education and the extremist actions of a Doukhobor group called the
6738:
6585:
6507:
6462:
6369:
6312:
5399:
4624:
2241:
1620:
1595:
1041:
1001:
934:
823:
804:
737:
701:
457:
191:
5374:
3637:
3631:
2701:
2580:
Source elevations and coordinates derived from Google Earth using data from Canadian topo maps
1462:
in which between three and ten thousand men descended upon the area and the gold rush town of
1335:
to the Columbia, eventually discovering Columbia Lake and establishing there the trading post
51:
6457:
6334:
5567:
4745:
4714:"Fording Coal LTD Investigating Possibility of Developing Coal Mine in Flathead's North Fork"
2732:
2112:
2086:
1718:
1591:
1398:
1394:
1246:
1175:
1131:, or a long narrow strip of land that has dropped in elevation over time because of parallel
760:
725:
652:
643:(Kootenai) Indian tribes. These indigenous people who lived along the upper river knew it as
5240:
4552:
2354:
Fishing is generally good on the middle reaches of the Kootenay River and in Kootenay Lake.
5495:
5035:
4598:
2310:
2108:
1947:
River valley which is home to the Elk Valley Coalfield, and the Crowsnest Coalfield in the
1899:
1874:
1730:
1524:
1406:
1278:
1081:
922:
855:
709:
686:
5153:
736:
of southeastern British Columbia and flows initially southeast through a marshy valley in
8:
5856:
5675:
5625:
4777:
2388:
2279:
1851:
1650:
The last ship ever to pass through the canal and one of the last on the Kootenay was the
1171:
1077:
667:
5838:
Forgotten highways: wilderness journeys down the historic trails of the Canadian Rockies
4493:
3584:
3147:
3032:
1990:
Map highlighting major dams and reservoirs in the Kootenay River watershed and surrounds
651:, a name whose meaning is not certain. The name "Flatbow River" comes from the name the
6893:
6753:
6565:
6249:
6077:
5764:"Stream Access in Montana—Rights and Responsibilities of Landowners and Recreationists"
4182:
2414:
2283:
1855:
1631:
1410:
1371:
1356:
1352:
1331:
Columbia. They crossed over the Rockies at a more northerly spot and traveled down the
1250:
1073:
671:
2062:
was built, just 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) before the Kootenay river flows into the
6733:
6658:
6422:
6402:
6354:
6269:
6084:
5947:
5928:
5909:
5890:
5871:
5858:
The search for the western sea: the story of the exploration of north-western America
5841:
5816:
5767:
5701:
3641:
3441:
3004:
1948:
1405:. The series of expeditions he would later lead through 1859 were to be known as the
1348:
1286:) and the river called the Flatbow River. Other inhabitants of the area included the
1184:
1080:
watershed also borders the north side of the Kootenay basin. To the southwest is the
986:
946:
942:
926:
827:
764:
619:
518:
71:
Map of the Kootenay/Kootenai River, its main tributaries and lakes, and major cities.
4660:. British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources. Archived from
4260:
4231:
3253:
2727:
2020:
2004:
1695:
was already a small settlement on the site, called Waterloo, but Verigin renamed it
748:
from the left, and flows south into a gorge at the confluence with the White River.
6768:
6688:
6653:
6550:
6482:
6467:
6432:
6132:
5159:
4323:
4178:
3210:
3113:
2047:
2008:
1859:
1839:
1476:
1451:
1340:
1327:
1137:
1120:
1069:
1029:
962:
886:
780:
733:
546:
522:
280:
195:
142:
106:
91:
6097:
3783:
3376:
2976:
1793:
divides the Kootenay River watershed into six biomes: aquatic (rivers and lakes),
1179:
Lake caused the river to back up into an enormous body of water that stretched to
674:. In his writings, the Columbia from Columbia Lake to the Big Bend was called the
66:
6791:
6668:
6570:
6545:
6530:
6412:
6397:
6359:
5810:
5521:
5474:
4301:
3076:
2998:
2120:
1699:, for the "sparkling waters" of the river. The whole area was known by the name,
1332:
1273:
and other companies in the early 19th century were the first to refer to them as
1132:
1124:
938:
682:
639:
The river was described with slightly different names by two groups of the local
558:
542:
5302:
4419:
3710:
2027:
810:
Stretching 130 kilometres (81 mi) south and crossing the US-Canada Border,
6816:
6728:
6713:
6595:
6555:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6407:
6392:
6377:
6329:
6294:
6259:
6208:
6153:
6148:
4174:
3056:
2501:
2423:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2327:
2323:
2236:
2211:
2161:
2063:
2039:
2031:
1823:
1798:
1603:
1386:
1336:
1287:
1255:
1180:
1084:, a Pend Oreille tributary. On the east side, over the Continental Divide, the
1065:
1021:
978:
918:
902:
882:
835:
831:
819:
811:
796:
745:
628:
573:
538:
441:
381:
373:
264:
187:
57:
5742:
5014:
6842:
6821:
6801:
6786:
6776:
6743:
6723:
6708:
6698:
6638:
6633:
6600:
6590:
6540:
6427:
6417:
6387:
6382:
6349:
6274:
6264:
6254:
6244:
6203:
6193:
6183:
6173:
2514:
2473:
2459:
2371:
2096:
2059:
1963:
1803:
1794:
1783:
1710:
1687:
1455:
1418:
1385:
crossed the Rockies through a pass in 1858 that led to the headwaters of the
1382:
1344:
1241:
However, linguistic and other evidence suggests that they are descended from
1230:
1166:
over a broader valley floor. The sediments probably originated through heavy
966:
866:
851:
839:
768:
756:
663:
585:
562:
550:
377:
313:
300:
228:
215:
130:
5266:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
5065:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4986:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4957:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4928:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4899:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4870:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4812:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4774:
Balance of Power: Hydroelectric Development in Southeastern British Columbia
4199:
1934:
6806:
6683:
6643:
6628:
6623:
6560:
6515:
6497:
6477:
6437:
6344:
6279:
6198:
6158:
5100:
4514:
3885:"Doukhobors exodus from Saskatchewan to BC because of land loss, 1908-1913"
2487:
2439:
2399:
2165:
2085:
on the Duncan River regulates water flow into Kootenay Lake as part of the
2012:
1915:
1831:
1683:
1569:(CPR) finished its transcontinental line across southern British Columbia,
1422:
1323:
1242:
1141:
1089:
1057:
982:
917:
At 50,298 square kilometres (19,420 sq mi), the Kootenay river's
623:
Kootenay Lake, most of the river is free-flowing with the exception of the
554:
497:
3609:
2601:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kootenai River
1778:
6811:
6663:
6618:
6535:
6339:
6321:
6289:
6284:
6239:
6188:
6168:
6128:
5154:
The Governments of the United States of America and Canada (1961-01-17).
3863:
3277:
2314:
1971:
1887:
1488:
1266:
1117:
1049:
954:
898:
847:
784:
485:
259:
2822:
2338:. Further downstream, five separate sites around Kootenay Lake form the
1656:, also piloted by Captain Armstrong. In 1902, Armstrong decided to take
953:
to the US border, and also the reaches of the upper Columbia north from
658:
While searching for the ultimate source of the Columbia River, explorer
6748:
6678:
6610:
6525:
6520:
6234:
6178:
4198:. Wildlife Habitat Relationships in BC's Columbia Basin. Archived from
3254:"Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes / Flathead Indian Reservation"
3232:
2383:
2359:
2124:
2082:
2034:, at the rapids above Bonnington in 1932. Three of the dams are of the
2011:
from Bonnington Falls in the Kootenay River near the confluence of the
1835:
1806:
ecozone occupies most of the high ridges and valleys of the mountains.
1504:
1200:
1152:
rock also appear in small amounts in the U.S. portion of the Kootenay.
1097:
1045:
843:
481:
149:
6039:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. 2005-10-31. Archived from
6010:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. 2005-10-31. Archived from
5981:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. 2005-10-31. Archived from
5887:
The Columbia: The Classic Portrait of the Great River of the Northwest
5093:"Dams of the Columbia Basin & Their Effects on the Native Fishery"
3000:
A Geological Reconnaissance in Northern Idaho and Northwestern Montana
1756:
eventually spelled the end of their settlement. In the 1920s, unknown
1598:
which was 30 metres (98 ft) long and 9 metres (30 ft) wide.
1183:, near where the Libby Dam now stands, and possibly even connected to
1108:
6064:
2908:
2785:. G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode for H.M. Stationery Off. p. 162.
2435:
2403:
2132:
2092:
1895:
1814:
1679:
1607:
1570:
1291:
1265:, "people of the standing arrow". It is thought that French-Canadian
1085:
930:
815:
647:, simply meaning "river". The people along the lower river called it
624:
608:
534:
1713:(left) and group of followers in Glade, British Columbia, circa 1907
1678:
In the 20th century, members of a Russian religious sect called the
1294:(in the north), but these tribes were mostly not on the main river.
740:. The river becomes significantly larger at its confluence with the
724:
1913 bird's-eye view map of the Kootenay and Columbia Rivers in the
6065:
Bathymetric Surveys of the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho
2904:
2116:
2043:
1978:
already been established, and several national forests in the U.S.
1904:
1762:
1744:
1644:
1375:
1159:
1149:
1145:
803:, the Kootenay's longest tributary, enters Lake Koocanusa south of
5906:
Epic wanderer: David Thompson and the mapping of the Canadian West
5766:. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. January 2005. Archived from
5696:
Jepson, Tim; Lee, Phil; Tania, Smith; Williams, Christian (2004).
5188:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers & Bonneville Power Administration
4457:. Montana Office of Public Instruction. April 2009. Archived from
1302:
996:
933:. In Canada, the term "Kootenays" is loosely defined although the
2252:
Purcell Wilderness Conservancy Provincial Park and Protected Area
2156:
1910:
1818:
are no endemic fish within the Columbia Glaciated region itself.
1578:
1528:
1222:
1204:
1167:
1163:
1155:
640:
592:
526:
154:
32:
3112:. Commission for Environmental Cooperation. 2006. Archived from
2662:"Kootenay Lake Outflow Near Corra Linn – Monthly Mean Discharge"
2026:
Commercial demand led to two more dams at the falls, these were
1986:
1862:. After exploitation of the Kootenay basin by fur trappers, the
4305:. Alaska Resources Library & Information System. 2004-03-04
3375:. Mountain Man Plains Indian Canadian Fur Trade. Archived from
2184:
2078:
1863:
1492:
1245:
tribes that were driven out of their historic territory by the
1128:
755:
the Kootenay River passes within 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of
604:
284:
199:
126:
5923:
Landers, Rich; Hansen, Dan; Huser, Verne; North, Doug (2008).
4549:
International Alliance for Water Quality and Aquatic Resources
4490:
International Alliance for Water Quality and Aquatic Resources
4420:"Historical and Cultural Overview of the Flathead Reservation"
3144:
International Alliance for Water Quality and Aquatic Resources
3029:
International Alliance for Water Quality and Aquatic Resources
2698:
International Alliance for Water Quality and Aquatic Resources
1942:
is a tributary of the Kootenay River in Kootenay National Park
1706:
1438:
1217:
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation
759:, the headwaters of the Columbia River, as it merges into the
611:, a Russian religious sect, established a short-lived colony,
5190:. Bonneville Power Administration. April 2008. Archived from
3552:
Kootenay—an exploration of Historic Prejudice and Intolerance
2290:
in the northeast. The U.S. portion of the watershed includes
1956:
1952:
1757:
530:
158:
6079:
Saving Homewaters: The Story of Montana's Streams and Rivers
1233:
state that their people were created by the Quilxka Nupika (
2899:
2827:
The Western News – Kootenai Country Spring and Summer Guide
1208:
834:. About 15 km (9.3 mi) below Libby it drops over
5431:. British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Archived from
2975:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. Archived from
2941:
846:
joins from the north as the river crosses into idaho. The
572:
The river is known as the "Kootenay" in Canada and by the
3146:. Kootenai River Network, Inc. 2010-03-14. Archived from
3031:. Kootenai River Network, Inc. 2010-03-14. Archived from
2700:. Kootenai River Network, Inc. 2010-03-14. Archived from
1366:
Falls of the Kootenay River below Kootenay Lake, ca. 1936
1326:
to find the source of the Columbia. He crossed over the
1306:
1814 map of the Pacific Northwest and central Canada by
588:, one of the largest natural lakes in British Columbia.
576:, and as the "Kootenai" in the United States and by the
5922:
4486:"Kootenai River Basin – Economic Base of the Watershed"
3633:
British Columbia 100 years ago: portraits of a province
2003:
As early as 1898, without building a dam, the original
1310:. The Kootenay River is shown near the bottom left as
533:
in the United States. It is one of the uppermost major
5695:
1907:, whose territory spanned both sides of the Rockies).
5181:"Columbia River Treaty: History and 2014/2024 Review"
5268:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. 2007. Archived from
4551:. Kootenai River Network. 2010-03-14. Archived from
4492:. Kootenai River Network. 2010-03-14. Archived from
4259:. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Archived from
4230:. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Archived from
4218:
4216:
2656:
2654:
2449:
1561:
Steamboats of the upper Columbia and Kootenay Rivers
973:
US–Canada border multiple times: the others are the
693:
in the United States, while in Canada it is spelled
6127:
5400:"Cross-Country Skiing, Snowshoeing and Ski Touring"
5158:. Center for Columbia River History. Archived from
5099:. Center for Columbia River History. Archived from
6076:
4566:
3860:"Shining Waters: Doukhobors in the Castlegar Area"
3373:"David Thompson: Canadian Fur Trader and Mapmaker"
2905:"United States Geological Survey Topographic Maps"
1970:, which is the largest in the Kootenay watershed.
1479:and the bulk of the mining population moved there
5961:Palliser, John; Blakiston, Thomas Wright (1860).
5960:
4213:
3938:"Grand Forks, BC orchard and village Circa 1920s"
2651:
1643:eventually sailed back south to Jennings to haul
1254:berry-picking areas. The northern Ktunaxa hunted
1237:) and have always lived in the region; one reads
822:. The Kootenai (as it is now named) receives the
6840:
4257:World Wildlife Foundation and Nature Conservancy
4228:World Wildlife Foundation and Nature Conservancy
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3778:
3776:
3629:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2722:
2720:
2718:
1450:In 1863, a gold strike at the confluence of the
881:, where the Kootenay River exits the lake below
732:The Kootenay rises on the northeast side of the
5307:(Map). Cartography by NAVTEQ. Google Maps. 2009
4545:"Kootenai River Basin—LAND USE (Economic Base)"
3548:"Looking Up Wild Horse Creek/Wild Horse Bridge"
3075:. Universitat de Valencia. 1995. Archived from
2668:. Environment Canada. 1937–2010. Archived from
1903:Great Plains tribes (with the exception of the
1068:watersheds. The Flathead is a tributary of the
5067:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4988:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4959:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4930:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4901:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4872:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4814:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4776:. The Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
4539:
4537:
4535:
4075:Community Memories, Doukhobor Discovery Centre
4041:Community Memories, Doukhobor Discovery Centre
4004:Community Memories, Doukhobor Discovery Centre
3979:Community Memories, Doukhobor Discovery Centre
3942:Community Memories, Doukhobor Discovery Centre
3917:Community Memories, Doukhobor Discovery Centre
3913:"Early Doukhobor community sawmill Circa 1910"
3889:Community Memories, Doukhobor Discovery Centre
3673:"The Kootenay Country—For Returned Soldiers".
3519:"Fisherville—The Town That Sat on a Gold Mine"
3513:
3511:
2131:, a tributary of the Kootenay, and the fourth
1229:) from whom the river's name derives. Ktunaxa
965:is sometimes referred to as being part of the
6113:
4448:"Montana Indians: Their History And Location"
3862:. Doukhobor Genealogy Website. Archived from
3840:
3773:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3102:
3046:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2807:
2755:The American antiquarian and oriental journal
2715:
873:, the river's highest-volume tributary. Near
98:
83:
27:River in Western Canada and the United States
5870:. Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 207–208.
5036:"Columbia River Treaty: Design and Purposes"
4835:
4833:
4684:"The Kootenays: Flathead Valley Controversy"
3440:. Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 207–208.
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2525:List of dams in the Columbia River watershed
2302:, which stretch southwards into the state).
1866:population was nearly exterminated as well.
1374:, and for the few years when he had a total
689:language. The river is still referred to as
5087:
5085:
4736:
4578:The Sternwheeler Companies of Kootenay Lake
4532:
3608:. Fort Steele Heritage Town. Archived from
3508:
2775:
2773:
2688:
2686:
1471:. The new town's site was officially named
1421:, a Hudson's Bay Company trading post near
1144:as one progresses westwards. Formations of
6120:
6106:
5599:. British Columbia Ministry of Environment
5574:. British Columbia Ministry of Environment
5549:. British Columbia Ministry of Environment
5456:. British Columbia Ministry of Environment
5042:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council
4521:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council
4370:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council
4330:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council
4294:"Wetland Action Plan for British Columbia"
3975:"Brilliant Suspension Bridge opening 1913"
3790:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council
3696:
3127:
3061:
2961:
2921:
2746:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2576:
2574:
414:4,930 m/s (174,000 cu ft/s)
5840:. Brindle & Glass. pp. 131–134.
5836:Brink, Nicky L; Bown, Stephen R. (2007).
5835:
5700:(5 ed.). Rough Guides. p. 697.
4830:
3231:. Kootenai Tribe of Idaho. Archived from
3221:
3193:
3191:
3166:
3164:
2884:
2610:
2608:
2555:List of tributaries of the Columbia River
2168:valley of southwestern British Columbia.
2042:Generating Station, completed in 1976 by
561:and returning to British Columbia in the
6074:
5884:
5496:"Kootenai Falls and the Swinging Bridge"
5082:
4648:
4646:
4390:The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine
3960:
3958:
3833:
3831:
3636:. Heritage Group Distribution. pp.
3017:
2871:United States Department of the Interior
2779:
2770:
2683:
2618:. Balance of Power. 2007. Archived from
2398:
2282:lies just across the BC-Alberta border,
2183:
2091:
2077:
2073:
1985:
1933:
1873:
1791:Northwest Power and Conservation Council
1777:
1743:
1705:
1538:
1437:
1361:
1301:
1199:
1107:
995:
921:is one of the largest sub-basins of the
877:an arm of the lake branches westward to
719:
6083:. Woodstock, VT: The Countryman Press.
5295:
4480:
4478:
4429:. Indigenous Math and Science Institute
4147:
4145:
4132:
4130:
4031:
4029:
2996:
2634:
2571:
2520:List of crossings of the Kootenay River
2510:Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
2212:Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area
1673:
1433:
1092:take rise. Both are tributaries of the
858:and back towards the US-Canada Border.
791:at the settlement of the same name. At
578:Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
565:region, where it joins the Columbia at
394:782 m/s (27,600 cu ft/s)
351:50,298 km (19,420 sq mi)
14:
6841:
5941:
5903:
5854:
5808:
4711:
4346:
4344:
3907:
3905:
3857:
3668:
3666:
3630:Thirkell, Fred; Scullion, Bob (2002).
3188:
3161:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
1981:
993:, a tributary of the Columbia River.
783:rivers at the historic mining town of
404:104 m/s (3,700 cu ft/s)
6904:International rivers of North America
6864:Regional District of Central Kootenay
6101:
5865:
5239:. BritishColumbia.com. Archived from
4681:
4643:
4071:"Early Verigin tomb — 29 August 1925"
4037:"The Death of Peter 'Lordly' Verigin"
3955:
3828:
3435:
3284:. Yinka Déné Language Institute. 2006
2149:
2015:in order to supply water to mines in
1112:Relief map of the Kootenay River area
681:The name "Kootenai" was also used by
5519:
4475:
4142:
4127:
4109:Canadian Register of Historic Places
4026:
3711:"Upper Kootenay River Sternwheelers"
2752:
2164:in the northwest, and thence to the
1894:of the south and east, and with the
1624:in 1893. Later vessels, such as the
1555:on the Kootenay at Jennings, Montana
1195:
861:The river re-enters Canada south of
380:(rates given for Kootenay Lake near
5944:Fort Steele: gold rush to boom town
5855:Burpee, Lawrence Johnstone (1908).
5610:
4388:"Hunting the Rocky Mountain Goat".
4364:"Grand Coulee Dam: Impacts on fish"
4341:
3902:
3663:
3569:
3540:
3328:
3295:
3198:Kootenai Subbasin Plan Introduction
3183:Kootenai Subbasin Plan Introduction
3171:Kootenai Subbasin Plan Introduction
3097:Kootenai Subbasin Plan Introduction
2862:Geographic Names Information System
2646:Kootenai Subbasin Plan Introduction
2583:
1666:into Columbia Lake. The transit of
1277:, which means "water people" in an
891:run-of-the river hydroelectric dams
763:along the eastern foothills of the
706:Geographic Names Information System
24:
6869:Regional District of East Kootenay
6058:
5262:"Region One: The Columbia Wetland"
4744:. Western Investor. Archived from
4658:British Columbia Geological Survey
4000:"Doukhobor Prayer Home Circa 1912"
3370:
2820:
2757:. Vol. 15. Jameson and Morse.
2694:"Kootenai River Basin - Hydrology"
2540:List of rivers of British Columbia
2053:
1499:, at the outlet of Kootenay Lake,
897:the Kootenay forms a small inland
838:. The Kootenai turns northwest at
557:, then west into the northernmost
549:, flowing from British Columbia's
25:
6915:
6889:Tributaries of the Columbia River
6859:Rivers of Lincoln County, Montana
5812:Frontier Days in British Columbia
5429:Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park
5328:. U.S. Forest Service. 2004-04-12
3683:. Pan-American Magazine Co. 1918.
2257:St. Mary's Alpine Provincial Park
2247:Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park
1610:. Two of the first steamers, the
869:. The lake is also joined by the
771:near Skookumchuck Station of the
6854:Rivers of Boundary County, Idaho
5908:. University of Nebraska Press.
5790:
5781:
5756:
5743:"Kootenai River, Lincoln County"
5735:
5714:
5689:
5660:
5647:"Fly Fishing the Kootenai River"
5639:
5585:
5560:
5535:
5513:
5488:
5467:
5446:
5417:
5404:Kootenay National Park of Canada
5392:
5379:Kootenay National Park of Canada
5367:
5351:Idaho Panhandle National Forests
5339:
5318:
5283:
5254:
5229:
5217:
5208:
5173:
5147:
5114:
5053:
5028:
5003:
4974:
4945:
4916:
4887:
4858:
4800:
4791:
4762:
4730:
4705:
4688:Environment & Sustainibility
4675:
4617:
4591:
4507:
3055:section of Knowledge article on
2943:USGS Topo Maps for United States
2535:List of longest streams of Idaho
2530:List of longest rivers of Canada
2494:
2480:
2466:
2452:
2300:Idaho Panhandle National Forests
2262:Top of the World Provincial Park
1890:) and the Salish, Blackfeet and
1878:1887 illustration of logging at
1768:National Historic Site of Canada
65:
50:
6068:United States Geological Survey
6030:"Fish and Wildlife Communities"
5946:. Heritage Group Distribution.
5815:. Heritage Group Distribution.
5593:"Kokanee Creek Provincial Park"
5543:"Kootenay Lake Provincial Park"
5454:"Kikomun Creek Provincial Park"
4737:O'Brien, Frank (October 2006).
4440:
4412:
4400:
4381:
4356:
4316:
4286:
4274:
4245:
4188:
4166:
4157:
4115:
4097:
4088:
4063:
4054:
4017:
3992:
3967:
3930:
3877:
3819:
3810:
3801:
3764:
3755:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3687:
3654:
3623:
3598:
3499:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3429:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3390:
3364:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3270:
3246:
3203:
3176:
3090:
2990:
2948:United States Geological Survey
2901:United States Geological Survey
2867:United States Geological Survey
2849:
2840:
2798:
2789:
2666:HYDAT Archived Hydrometric Data
2232:Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park
1809:In the Canadian portion of the
795:, the Kootenay widens into the
712:further southeast in Montana.)
6874:Rivers of the Canadian Rockies
5802:
5355:U.S. Department of Agriculture
5326:"The Kootenai National Forest"
4112:. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
3140:"Kootenai River Basin—Geology"
2761:
2753:Peet, Stephen Denison (1893).
1297:
1174:. About 15,000 years ago, the
292: • coordinates
207: • coordinates
177:South flank of Castle Mountain
13:
1:
5722:"Floating the Kootenai River"
4690:. MyWestworld. Archived from
4407:Fish and Wildlife Communities
3583:. Fort Steele. Archived from
3554:. Fort Steele. Archived from
2565:
2344:Kokanee Creek Provincial Park
2340:Kootenay Lake Provincial Park
2320:Kikomun Creek Provincial Park
2179:
1880:Canal Flats, British Columbia
1630:, had mixed success. Captain
1588:William Adolf Baillie-Grohman
1534:
1225:people (often referred to as
1162:sediments allow the river to
165:Physical characteristics
6001:"Characterization of Biomes"
5809:Basque, Garnet, ed. (1993).
5130:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
4712:Conner, James (1998-01-17).
4455:Division of Indian Education
4396:. The Century Co.: 202 1885.
4104:Doukhobor Suspension Bridgey
3715:Crowsnest Pass Railway Route
3525:. HeritageBC. Archived from
3003:. BiblioBazaar. p. 68.
2144:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
2005:Lower Bonnington Power Plant
1998:
1782:The south (Kootenay) arm of
1594:, as it was called, had one
1584:Interior of British Columbia
912:
331: • elevation
250:2,261 m (7,418 ft)
246: • elevation
7:
5885:Holbrook, Stewart (1990) .
2445:
1968:Kimberley, British Columbia
1503:, midway up its north arm,
1454:and Kootenay Rivers in the
369: • location
272: • location
183: • location
10:
6920:
6899:Rivers of British Columbia
5868:Historical Atlas of Canada
5861:. Musson Book Company Ltd.
5568:"West Arm Provincial Park"
5011:"Floods and flood control"
4843:. FortisBC. Archived from
4682:Quinn, Dave (2010-01-18).
4580:. Virtual Museum of Canada
4427:Flathead Cultural Overview
4281:Characterization of Biomes
4152:Characterization of Biomes
4137:Characterization of Biomes
4122:Characterization of Biomes
4077:. Virtual Museum of Canada
4043:. Virtual Museum of Canada
4006:. Virtual Museum of Canada
3981:. Virtual Museum of Canada
3944:. Virtual Museum of Canada
3919:. Virtual Museum of Canada
3891:. Virtual Museum of Canada
3438:Historical Atlas of Canada
2394:
2349:
2237:Kootenai Falls County Park
2222:Goat Range Provincial Park
2017:Rossland, British Columbia
1869:
1773:
1558:
1214:
1190:
1103:
410: • maximum
400: • minimum
390: • average
335:420 m (1,380 ft)
29:
6767:
6609:
6506:
6368:
6320:
6311:
6225:
6139:
6075:Sullivan, Gordon (2008).
5698:The rough guide to Canada
4654:"East Kootenay Coalfield"
4196:"Introduction to Species"
2560:Montana Stream Access Law
2550:List of rivers of Montana
2428:Montana Stream Access Law
2408:Balfour, British Columbia
2356:Westslope cutthroat trout
2217:Gilnockie Provincial Park
2191:in Kootenay National Park
2109:1948 Vanport Oregon flood
1852:pygmy short-horned lizard
1442:The mining settlement of
1401:, after traveling up the
1000:Kootenay River valley in
863:Creston, British Columbia
793:Wardner, British Columbia
715:
503:
471:
435:
427:
422:
418:
408:
398:
388:
367:
359:
355:
347:
343:780 km (480 mi)
339:
329:
290:
270:
258:
254:
244:
205:
181:
173:
169:
164:
148:
136:
122:
117:
76:
64:
49:
40:
5672:Kootenai National Forest
5622:Kootenai National Forest
4626:East Kootenay Coalfields
4600:East Kootenay Coalfields
3606:"History of Fort Steele"
2292:Kootenai National Forest
2272:West Arm Provincial Park
2267:Valhalla Provincial Park
2195:
2050:, as are the four dams.
1929:Golden, British Columbia
1925:Canadian Pacific Railway
1682:living in the plains of
1567:Canadian Pacific Railway
1477:Big Bend of the Columbia
1428:Canadian Pacific Railway
1094:South Saskatchewan River
893:impound the river. Near
773:Canadian Pacific Railway
627:in Montana, which forms
517:is a major river of the
473: • right
229:51.314889°N 116.286278°W
5904:Jenish, D'Arcy (2004).
3278:"The Kootenay Language"
3259:. Communities Committee
3211:"BC Geographical Names"
3073:Encyclopædia Britannica
2780:Palliser, John (1863).
2545:List of rivers of Idaho
2296:Kaniksu National Forest
2286:sits to the north, and
2227:Kianuko Provincial Park
2207:Bugaboo Provincial Park
1848:white-tailed jackrabbit
1096:, which is part of the
700:Comparisons of various
634:
603:followed by silver and
582:Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
525:, Canada, and northern
437: • left
384:some 10 miles upstream)
99:
84:
6739:Strait of Juan de Fuca
6586:Queen Charlotte Strait
6463:Princess Royal Channel
6037:Kootenai Subbasin Plan
6008:Kootenai Subbasin Plan
5979:Kootenai Subbasin Plan
5942:Miller, Naomi (2002).
5927:. Mountaineers Books.
5796:Landers et al., p. 306
5787:Landers et al., p. 317
5618:"Recreational Fishing"
5522:"Skattebo Reach Trail"
5502:. Libby, Montana. 2008
5500:Libby Area Attractions
5475:"Kootenai River Trail"
5126:USACE Seattle District
5040:Columbia River History
4866:"Upper Bonnington Dam"
4808:"Lower Bonnington Dam"
4519:Columbia River History
4368:Columbia River History
4328:Columbia River History
4253:"Columbia Unglaciated"
3788:Columbia River History
3025:"Kootenai River Basin"
2997:Calkins, F.C. (2008).
2973:Columbia River History
2946:(Map). Cartography by
2616:"The Rivers - Stories"
2410:
2406:on Kootenay Lake near
2242:Kootenay National Park
2192:
2099:
2089:
1991:
1943:
1882:
1786:
1749:
1714:
1556:
1447:
1399:Upper Kananaskis Lakes
1367:
1315:
1212:
1113:
1004:
1002:Kootenay National Park
935:Kootenay Land District
805:Elko, British Columbia
738:Kootenay National Park
729:
702:U.S. Geological Survey
314:49.31667°N 117.65111°W
234:51.314889; -116.286278
192:Kootenay National Park
56:The Kootenai River at
6473:Queen Charlotte Sound
6458:Prince Rupert Harbour
5889:. Comstock Editions.
5866:Hayes, Derek (2006).
5097:Columbia River Treaty
4094:Holbrook, pp. 206-207
4060:Holbrook, pp. 204-205
3825:Holbrook, pp. 196-198
3816:Holbrook, pp. 171-172
3807:Holbrook, pp. 170-171
3717:. The Royal BC Museum
3676:Pan-American Magazine
3436:Hayes, Derek (2006).
2846:Landers et al., p. 28
2733:BC Geographical Names
2402:
2288:Glacier National Park
2187:
2113:Columbia River Treaty
2095:
2087:Columbia River Treaty
2081:
2074:Columbia River Treaty
1989:
1937:
1877:
1781:
1747:
1709:
1592:Baillie-Grohman Canal
1559:Further information:
1542:
1527:to Nelson and to the
1441:
1365:
1305:
1203:
1176:Cordilleran Ice Sheet
1111:
999:
985:, a tributary of the
977:, a tributary of the
941:on the east and the,
923:Columbia River system
761:Rocky Mountain Trench
751:At the small town of
726:Rocky Mountain Trench
723:
5375:"Hiking and Walking"
4847:on November 25, 2010
4751:on November 14, 2006
4224:"Columbia Glaciated"
3577:"Kootenay Gold Rush"
3317:on December 23, 2002
3079:on February 22, 2012
2704:on September 6, 2007
2311:Cross-country skiing
1900:Bonners Ferry, Idaho
1674:Doukhobor settlement
1525:Bonners Ferry, Idaho
1460:Wild Horse Gold Rush
1456:East Kootenay region
1434:Gold and silver boom
1407:Palliser Expeditions
1290:(in the south), and
1271:Hudson's Bay Company
1170:during the previous
787:, then receives the
555:northwestern Montana
319:49.31667; -117.65111
5676:U.S. Forest Service
5626:U.S. Forest Service
3352:Holbrook, pp. 41-42
3311:National Geographic
2622:on November 6, 2011
2389:Blue Ribbon fishery
2280:Banff National Park
1982:River modifications
1347:, trading posts on
1312:McGillivray's River
1078:Kicking Horse River
957:at least as far as
423:Basin features
310: /
225: /
6754:Trincomali Channel
6566:Loughborough Inlet
5520:Volovsek, Walter.
5347:"About the Forest"
4895:"South Slocan Dam"
4555:on August 19, 2011
4324:"British Columbia"
3424:Forgotten highways
3405:Holbrook, p. 41-42
3303:"Kootenai Indians"
3150:on August 19, 2011
3110:"Watersheds (map)"
3035:on August 19, 2011
2415:Whitewater rafting
2411:
2284:Yoho National Park
2193:
2150:Diversion proposal
2100:
2090:
1992:
1944:
1883:
1856:band-tailed pigeon
1787:
1750:
1715:
1701:Dolina Ooteschenie
1632:Frank P. Armstrong
1557:
1448:
1411:Continental Divide
1372:North West Company
1368:
1357:Pend Oreille River
1318:In 1806, explorer
1316:
1251:Salishan languages
1213:
1114:
1074:Pend Oreille River
1005:
767:. It receives the
730:
672:Duncan McGillivray
6884:Rivers of Montana
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6734:Strait of Georgia
6719:Satellite Channel
6659:Discovery Passage
6423:Grenville Channel
6403:Finlayson Channel
6355:Skidegate Channel
6090:978-0-88150-679-2
5934:978-1-59485-056-1
5847:978-1-897142-24-0
5724:. Big Sky Fishing
5649:. Big Sky Fishing
3752:Basque, pp. 75-77
3307:Lewis & Clark
3010:978-0-554-92374-1
1949:Purcell Mountains
1739:suspension bridge
1606:reservoir behind
1349:Lake Pend Oreille
1196:First inhabitants
1185:Lake Pend Oreille
987:Assiniboine River
927:Pacific Northwest
828:Purcell Mountains
765:Purcell Mountains
620:Pacific Northwest
519:Northwest Plateau
507:
506:
16:(Redirected from
6911:
6769:Vancouver Island
6759:Victoria Harbour
6694:Okisollo Channel
6689:Malaspina Strait
6654:Desolation Sound
6551:Johnstone Strait
6483:Seaforth Channel
6468:Principe Channel
6433:Juan Perez Sound
6318:
6317:
6313:Coastal features
6133:British Columbia
6122:
6115:
6108:
6099:
6098:
6094:
6082:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6045:
6034:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6016:
6005:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5987:
5976:
5967:
5957:
5938:
5919:
5900:
5881:
5862:
5851:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5797:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5668:"Kootenai River"
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:. Trails in Time
5517:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5196:
5185:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5132:. Archived from
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5089:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5013:. Archived from
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4953:"Kootenay Canal"
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4924:"Corra Linn Dam"
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4750:
4743:
4739:"West Kootenays"
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4631:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4605:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4541:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4452:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4298:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4220:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4192:
4186:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4140:
4134:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4033:
4024:
4023:Holbrook, p. 202
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3971:
3965:
3964:Holbrook, p. 200
3962:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3858:Plotnikoff, Vi.
3855:
3838:
3837:Holbrook, p. 199
3835:
3826:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3780:
3771:
3770:Holbrook, p. 169
3768:
3762:
3761:Holbrook, p. 167
3759:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3743:Holbrook, p. 166
3741:
3735:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3707:
3694:
3693:Holbrook, p. 164
3691:
3685:
3684:
3670:
3661:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3515:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3371:Eddins, O. Ned.
3368:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3313:. Archived from
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3136:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3069:"Kootenay River"
3065:
3059:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3021:
3015:
3014:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2938:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2897:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2818:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2728:"Kootenay River"
2724:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2612:
2603:
2598:
2581:
2578:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2366:(the landlocked
2048:hydroelectricity
2036:run-of-the-river
2028:South Slocan Dam
2021:Upper Bonnington
2009:hydroelectricity
1860:passenger pigeon
1840:Chief Joseph Dam
1748:Verigin Memorial
1458:resulted in the
1391:Palliser's River
1341:Kullyspell House
1328:Canadian Rockies
1121:sedimentary rock
1100:drainage basin.
1070:Clark Fork River
963:Boundary Country
901:then enters the
887:Bonnington Falls
734:Beaverfoot Range
683:French Canadians
547:Canadian Rockies
523:British Columbia
521:in southeastern
474:
438:
411:
401:
391:
370:
325:
324:
322:
321:
320:
315:
311:
308:
307:
306:
303:
281:British Columbia
247:
240:
239:
237:
236:
235:
230:
226:
223:
222:
221:
218:
208:
196:British Columbia
184:
143:British Columbia
110:
102:
95:
87:
69:
54:
38:
37:
21:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6879:Rivers of Idaho
6839:
6838:
6835:
6826:
6792:Clayoquot Sound
6763:
6669:Homfray Channel
6649:Captain Passage
6605:
6571:Nodales Channel
6546:Goletas Channel
6531:Cordero Channel
6502:
6413:Fitz Hugh Sound
6398:Douglas Channel
6364:
6360:Skidegate Inlet
6307:
6221:
6135:
6126:
6091:
6061:
6059:Further reading
6049:
6047:
6043:
6032:
6028:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6003:
5999:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5974:
5970:
5954:
5935:
5916:
5897:
5878:
5848:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5773:
5771:
5762:
5761:
5757:
5748:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5727:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5708:
5694:
5690:
5681:
5679:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5652:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5631:
5629:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5602:
5600:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5577:
5575:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5552:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5527:
5525:
5518:
5514:
5505:
5503:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5480:
5478:
5477:. trailsnet.com
5473:
5472:
5468:
5459:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5438:
5436:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5409:
5407:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5384:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5359:
5357:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5331:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5310:
5308:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5288:
5284:
5275:
5273:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5246:
5244:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5200:
5198:
5197:on June 4, 2011
5194:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5165:
5163:
5152:
5148:
5139:
5137:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5106:
5104:
5091:
5090:
5083:
5074:
5072:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5045:
5043:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5020:
5018:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4995:
4993:
4982:"Brilliant Dam"
4980:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4964:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4937:
4935:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4908:
4906:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4879:
4877:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4850:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4797:Burpee, p. xlvi
4796:
4792:
4783:
4781:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4735:
4731:
4722:
4720:
4710:
4706:
4697:
4695:
4680:
4676:
4667:
4665:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4583:
4581:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4558:
4556:
4543:
4542:
4533:
4524:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4499:
4497:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4432:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4373:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4349:
4342:
4333:
4331:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4308:
4306:
4302:Ducks Unlimited
4296:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4279:
4275:
4266:
4264:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4237:
4235:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4205:
4203:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4150:
4143:
4135:
4128:
4120:
4116:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4009:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3945:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3922:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3894:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3867:
3856:
3841:
3836:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3793:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3628:
3624:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3561:
3559:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3487:Palliser, p. 16
3486:
3482:
3478:Palliser, p. 15
3477:
3473:
3469:Palliser, p. 14
3468:
3464:
3460:Palliser, p. 13
3459:
3455:
3448:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3414:Holbrook, p. 42
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3382:
3380:
3369:
3365:
3361:Holbrook, p. 43
3360:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3343:Holbrook, p. 40
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3320:
3318:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3238:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3082:
3080:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3051:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3011:
2995:
2991:
2982:
2980:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2940:
2939:
2922:
2913:
2911:
2898:
2885:
2876:
2874:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2821:Thomas, Shari.
2819:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2568:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2397:
2352:
2276:
2198:
2182:
2174:Windermere Lake
2152:
2076:
2056:
2054:The Lower River
2007:was generating
2001:
1984:
1940:Vermilion River
1892:Pend d'Oreilles
1872:
1776:
1754:Sons of Freedom
1676:
1563:
1537:
1436:
1333:Blaeberry River
1300:
1219:
1198:
1193:
1125:Belt Supergroup
1106:
915:
799:reservoir. The
742:Vermilion River
718:
637:
559:Idaho Panhandle
543:Kootenay Ranges
472:
436:
409:
399:
389:
368:
332:
318:
316:
312:
309:
304:
301:
299:
297:
296:
293:
273:
245:
233:
231:
227:
224:
219:
216:
214:
212:
211:
206:
182:
113:
104:
89:
72:
60:
45:
42:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6917:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6849:Kootenay River
6832:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6817:Quatsino Sound
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6773:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6729:Stuart Channel
6726:
6721:
6716:
6714:Sansum Narrows
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6674:Hoskyn Channel
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6596:Sutlej Channel
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6556:Kingcome Inlet
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6512:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6453:Portland Inlet
6450:
6448:Milbanke Sound
6445:
6443:Laredo Channel
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6408:Fisher Channel
6405:
6400:
6395:
6393:Dixon Entrance
6390:
6385:
6380:
6378:Arthur Passage
6374:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6330:Cumshewa Inlet
6326:
6324:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6125:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6089:
6071:
6070:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6026:
5997:
5972:"Introduction"
5968:
5958:
5952:
5939:
5933:
5920:
5914:
5901:
5895:
5882:
5876:
5863:
5852:
5846:
5833:
5821:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5789:
5780:
5755:
5734:
5713:
5706:
5688:
5659:
5638:
5609:
5584:
5559:
5534:
5512:
5487:
5466:
5445:
5416:
5406:. Parks Canada
5391:
5381:. Parks Canada
5366:
5338:
5317:
5294:
5282:
5253:
5228:
5216:
5207:
5172:
5146:
5113:
5081:
5052:
5027:
5002:
4973:
4944:
4915:
4886:
4857:
4829:
4799:
4790:
4761:
4729:
4704:
4674:
4642:
4616:
4590:
4565:
4531:
4506:
4474:
4439:
4411:
4399:
4380:
4355:
4340:
4315:
4285:
4273:
4244:
4212:
4187:
4175:Okanogan River
4165:
4156:
4141:
4126:
4114:
4096:
4087:
4062:
4053:
4025:
4016:
3991:
3966:
3954:
3929:
3901:
3876:
3839:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3695:
3686:
3662:
3660:'Basque, p. 68
3653:
3646:
3622:
3597:
3568:
3539:
3523:Crowsnest Tour
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3446:
3428:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3294:
3269:
3245:
3220:
3215:apps.gov.bc.ca
3202:
3187:
3175:
3160:
3126:
3101:
3089:
3060:
3057:Columbia River
3045:
3016:
3009:
2989:
2960:
2920:
2883:
2848:
2839:
2806:
2804:Burpee, p. lix
2797:
2795:Jenish, p. 133
2788:
2769:
2767:Jenish, p. 139
2760:
2745:
2714:
2682:
2650:
2633:
2604:
2582:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2502:Montana portal
2491:
2477:
2463:
2447:
2444:
2424:Kootenai Falls
2396:
2393:
2380:Kootenai Falls
2376:white sturgeon
2368:Pacific salmon
2364:kokanee salmon
2351:
2348:
2328:Kootenai Falls
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2181:
2178:
2162:Thompson River
2151:
2148:
2104:Columbia Basin
2075:
2072:
2064:Columbia River
2055:
2052:
2040:Kootenay Canal
2032:Corra Linn Dam
2000:
1997:
1983:
1980:
1871:
1868:
1838:streams above
1811:Columbia Basin
1795:riparian zones
1775:
1772:
1675:
1672:
1604:Lake Koocanusa
1543:Sternwheelers
1536:
1533:
1435:
1432:
1387:Palliser River
1337:Kootenae House
1320:David Thompson
1308:David Thompson
1299:
1296:
1288:Montana Salish
1231:creation myths
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1181:Libby, Montana
1105:
1102:
1066:Flathead River
979:Missouri River
914:
911:
903:Columbia River
883:Corra Linn Dam
836:Kootenai Falls
820:Libby, Montana
812:Lake Koocanusa
797:Lake Koocanusa
746:Palliser River
717:
714:
660:David Thompson
636:
633:
629:Lake Koocanusa
597:David Thompson
574:Ktunaxa Nation
539:Columbia River
515:Kootenai River
511:Kootenay River
505:
504:
501:
500:
478:St. Mary River
475:
469:
468:
442:Palliser River
439:
433:
432:
429:
425:
424:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
406:
405:
402:
396:
395:
392:
386:
385:
382:Corra Linn Dam
374:Columbia River
371:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
294:
291:
288:
287:
274:
271:
268:
267:
265:Columbia River
262:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
242:
241:
209:
203:
202:
188:Mount Hungabee
185:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
162:
161:
152:
146:
145:
140:
134:
133:
124:
120:
119:
115:
114:
112:
111:
96:
80:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
58:Libby, Montana
55:
47:
46:
44:Kootenai River
43:
41:Kootenay River
26:
18:Kootenai River
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6916:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6837:
6823:
6822:San Josef Bay
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6802:Kyuquot Sound
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6787:Checleset Bay
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6777:Barkley Sound
6775:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6766:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6744:Sutil Channel
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6724:Sechelt Inlet
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6709:Saanich Inlet
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6699:Port San Juan
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6639:Burrard Inlet
6637:
6635:
6634:Boundary Pass
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6602:
6601:Wells Passage
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6591:Seymour Inlet
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:Pryce Channel
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6541:Frederick Arm
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6508:Central Coast
6505:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6428:Hecate Strait
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6418:Gardner Canal
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6388:Chatham Sound
6386:
6384:
6383:Burke Channel
6381:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6350:Rennell Sound
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:Great Central
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6123:
6118:
6116:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6092:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6046:on 2011-05-17
6042:
6038:
6031:
6027:
6017:on 2011-05-17
6013:
6009:
6002:
5998:
5988:on 2009-03-25
5984:
5980:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5955:
5953:1-894384-38-5
5949:
5945:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5915:0-8032-2600-4
5911:
5907:
5902:
5898:
5896:0-89174-051-1
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5877:1-55365-077-8
5873:
5869:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5824:
5822:1-894384-01-6
5818:
5814:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5793:
5784:
5770:on 2010-01-17
5769:
5765:
5759:
5744:
5738:
5723:
5717:
5709:
5707:1-84353-266-2
5703:
5699:
5692:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5648:
5642:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5523:
5516:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5476:
5470:
5455:
5449:
5435:on 2013-06-19
5434:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5327:
5321:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5286:
5272:on 2013-05-22
5271:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5243:on 2013-08-20
5242:
5238:
5237:"Canal Flats"
5232:
5225:
5220:
5214:Basque, p. 81
5211:
5193:
5189:
5182:
5176:
5162:on 2010-07-06
5161:
5157:
5150:
5136:on 2009-07-09
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5103:on 2015-09-15
5102:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5071:on 2012-08-29
5070:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5017:on 2013-02-10
5016:
5012:
5006:
4992:on 2011-06-05
4991:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4963:on 2011-06-05
4962:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4934:on 2011-10-04
4933:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4905:on 2011-06-05
4904:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4876:on 2013-01-15
4875:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4818:on 2008-09-17
4817:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4794:
4780:on 2010-01-28
4779:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4719:
4718:Flathead Memo
4715:
4708:
4694:on 2010-01-24
4693:
4689:
4685:
4678:
4664:on 2011-07-06
4663:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4496:on 2010-02-20
4495:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4464:on 2013-02-02
4460:
4456:
4449:
4443:
4428:
4421:
4415:
4408:
4403:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4304:
4303:
4295:
4289:
4282:
4277:
4263:on 2011-07-26
4262:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4234:on 2011-07-26
4233:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4202:on 2010-03-26
4201:
4197:
4191:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4153:
4148:
4146:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4123:
4118:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4091:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4057:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4020:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3961:
3959:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3866:on 2011-09-28
3865:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3734:Basque, p. 80
3731:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3667:
3657:
3649:
3647:1-894384-50-4
3643:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3612:on 2010-04-09
3611:
3607:
3601:
3587:on 2011-07-06
3586:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3558:on 2009-03-06
3557:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3529:on 2013-03-24
3528:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3505:Miller, p. 12
3502:
3496:Brink, p. 135
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3449:
3447:1-55365-077-8
3443:
3439:
3432:
3426:, pp. 131-134
3425:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3396:Burpee, p. 48
3393:
3379:on 2012-11-28
3378:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3334:Miller, p. 10
3331:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3255:
3249:
3235:on 2013-05-25
3234:
3230:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3116:on 2008-04-14
3115:
3111:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3012:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2993:
2979:on 2013-07-01
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:"Canal Flats"
2964:
2950:. ACME Mapper
2949:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2843:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2774:
2764:
2756:
2749:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2672:on 2012-04-21
2671:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Dewdney Trail
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2492:
2489:
2478:
2475:
2474:Canada portal
2464:
2461:
2460:Rivers portal
2450:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:rainbow trout
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2298:(part of the
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2097:Kootenay Lake
2094:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:Brilliant Dam
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:in 1928, and
2029:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1988:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:Sullivan Mine
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1916:logging roads
1912:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1804:alpine meadow
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1784:Kootenay Lake
1780:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1711:Peter Verigin
1708:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1688:Peter Verigin
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1646:
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1637:
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1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
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1445:
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1431:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1419:Fort Colville
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:John Palliser
1380:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:Saleesh House
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1322:set out from
1321:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:supreme being
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
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1126:
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1067:
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1055:
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1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
998:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
970:
968:
967:West Kootenay
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
929:known as the
928:
924:
920:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
889:, where four
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:Kootenay Lake
864:
859:
857:
856:Bonners Ferry
853:
852:Moyie Springs
849:
845:
842:, before the
841:
840:Troy, Montana
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
814:is formed by
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:Lussier River
766:
762:
758:
757:Columbia Lake
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
727:
722:
713:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:Columbia Lake
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
632:
630:
626:
621:
618:As with many
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
586:Kootenay Lake
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
563:West Kootenay
560:
556:
552:
551:East Kootenay
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
470:
467:
463:
462:Tobacco River
459:
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447:
443:
440:
434:
430:
426:
421:
417:
413:
407:
403:
397:
393:
387:
383:
379:
378:Castlegar, BC
375:
372:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
328:
323:
295:
289:
286:
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275:
269:
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263:
261:
257:
253:
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243:
238:
220:116°17′10.6″W
210:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
160:
156:
153:
151:
147:
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139:
135:
132:
131:United States
128:
125:
121:
116:
108:
101:
97:
93:
86:
82:
81:
79:
75:
68:
63:
59:
53:
48:
39:
34:
19:
6836:
6807:Nootka Sound
6684:Jervis Inlet
6644:Calm Channel
6629:Boundary Bay
6624:Baynes Sound
6576:Phillips Arm
6561:Knight Inlet
6516:Belize Inlet
6498:Wright Sound
6478:Rivers Inlet
6438:Lama Passage
6345:Masset Inlet
6335:Darwin Sound
6299:
6213:
6163:
6078:
6048:. Retrieved
6041:the original
6036:
6019:. Retrieved
6012:the original
6007:
5990:. Retrieved
5983:the original
5978:
5962:
5943:
5924:
5905:
5886:
5867:
5857:
5837:
5826:. Retrieved
5811:
5792:
5783:
5772:. Retrieved
5768:the original
5758:
5747:. Retrieved
5745:. RiverFacts
5737:
5726:. Retrieved
5716:
5697:
5691:
5680:. Retrieved
5678:. 2004-04-15
5671:
5662:
5651:. Retrieved
5641:
5630:. Retrieved
5628:. 2003-11-17
5621:
5612:
5601:. Retrieved
5596:
5587:
5576:. Retrieved
5571:
5562:
5551:. Retrieved
5546:
5537:
5526:. Retrieved
5515:
5504:. Retrieved
5499:
5490:
5479:. Retrieved
5469:
5458:. Retrieved
5448:
5437:. Retrieved
5433:the original
5428:
5419:
5408:. Retrieved
5403:
5394:
5383:. Retrieved
5378:
5369:
5358:. Retrieved
5350:
5341:
5330:. Retrieved
5320:
5309:. Retrieved
5303:
5297:
5290:The Columbia
5289:
5285:
5274:. Retrieved
5270:the original
5265:
5256:
5245:. Retrieved
5241:the original
5231:
5224:The Columbia
5223:
5219:
5210:
5199:. Retrieved
5192:the original
5187:
5175:
5164:. Retrieved
5160:the original
5149:
5138:. Retrieved
5134:the original
5125:
5116:
5105:. Retrieved
5101:the original
5096:
5073:. Retrieved
5069:the original
5064:
5061:"Duncan Dam"
5055:
5044:. Retrieved
5039:
5030:
5019:. Retrieved
5015:the original
5005:
4994:. Retrieved
4990:the original
4985:
4976:
4965:. Retrieved
4961:the original
4956:
4947:
4936:. Retrieved
4932:the original
4927:
4918:
4907:. Retrieved
4903:the original
4898:
4889:
4878:. Retrieved
4874:the original
4869:
4860:
4849:. Retrieved
4845:the original
4841:"Generation"
4822:17 September
4820:. Retrieved
4816:the original
4811:
4802:
4793:
4782:. Retrieved
4778:the original
4773:
4764:
4753:. Retrieved
4746:the original
4732:
4721:. Retrieved
4717:
4707:
4696:. Retrieved
4692:the original
4687:
4677:
4666:. Retrieved
4662:the original
4657:
4634:. Retrieved
4625:
4619:
4608:. Retrieved
4599:
4593:
4582:. Retrieved
4577:
4568:
4557:. Retrieved
4553:the original
4548:
4523:. Retrieved
4518:
4509:
4498:. Retrieved
4494:the original
4489:
4466:. Retrieved
4459:the original
4454:
4442:
4431:. Retrieved
4426:
4414:
4409:, p. 181-182
4406:
4402:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4372:. Retrieved
4367:
4358:
4351:The Columbia
4350:
4332:. Retrieved
4327:
4318:
4307:. Retrieved
4300:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4265:. Retrieved
4261:the original
4256:
4247:
4236:. Retrieved
4232:the original
4227:
4204:. Retrieved
4200:the original
4190:
4183:Pend Oreille
4168:
4159:
4151:
4136:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4099:
4090:
4079:. Retrieved
4074:
4065:
4056:
4045:. Retrieved
4040:
4019:
4008:. Retrieved
4003:
3994:
3983:. Retrieved
3978:
3969:
3946:. Retrieved
3941:
3932:
3921:. Retrieved
3916:
3893:. Retrieved
3888:
3879:
3868:. Retrieved
3864:the original
3821:
3812:
3803:
3792:. Retrieved
3787:
3784:"Steamboats"
3766:
3757:
3748:
3739:
3730:
3719:. Retrieved
3714:
3689:
3680:
3674:
3656:
3632:
3625:
3614:. Retrieved
3610:the original
3600:
3589:. Retrieved
3585:the original
3580:
3571:
3560:. Retrieved
3556:the original
3551:
3542:
3531:. Retrieved
3527:the original
3522:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3437:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3381:. Retrieved
3377:the original
3366:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3319:. Retrieved
3315:the original
3306:
3297:
3286:. Retrieved
3281:
3272:
3261:. Retrieved
3248:
3237:. Retrieved
3233:the original
3223:
3214:
3205:
3197:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3152:. Retrieved
3148:the original
3143:
3118:. Retrieved
3114:the original
3104:
3096:
3092:
3081:. Retrieved
3077:the original
3072:
3063:
3048:
3037:. Retrieved
3033:the original
3028:
3019:
2999:
2992:
2981:. Retrieved
2977:the original
2972:
2963:
2952:. Retrieved
2942:
2912:. Retrieved
2875:. Retrieved
2873:. 1980-04-04
2860:
2857:"Swan River"
2851:
2842:
2831:. Retrieved
2826:
2800:
2791:
2781:
2763:
2754:
2748:
2737:. Retrieved
2731:
2706:. Retrieved
2702:the original
2697:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:the original
2665:
2645:
2626:September 3,
2624:. Retrieved
2620:the original
2488:Idaho portal
2440:Slocan River
2432:
2420:
2412:
2353:
2304:
2277:
2199:
2189:Stanley Peak
2170:
2166:Fraser River
2153:
2137:
2129:Duncan River
2101:
2057:
2025:
2013:Slocan River
2002:
1993:
1976:
1961:
1945:
1921:
1909:
1884:
1844:
1832:Slocan River
1828:
1820:
1808:
1788:
1751:
1722:
1716:
1700:
1684:Saskatchewan
1677:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1600:
1564:
1550:
1546:J.D. Farrell
1544:
1485:
1480:
1468:
1449:
1423:Kettle Falls
1415:
1390:
1381:
1369:
1324:Saskatchewan
1317:
1311:
1283:
1274:
1267:fur trappers
1262:
1260:
1243:Great Plains
1238:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1211:, circa 1900
1154:
1142:igneous rock
1115:
1090:Oldman River
1082:Priest River
1062:
1010:Duncan River
1006:
991:Kettle River
983:Souris River
971:
916:
871:Duncan River
860:
850:enters near
824:Fisher River
809:
750:
731:
699:
694:
690:
680:
675:
662:encountered
657:
649:aqkoktlaqatl
648:
644:
638:
617:
590:
571:
553:region into
514:
510:
508:
498:Slocan River
494:Duncan River
458:Fisher River
217:51°18′53.6″N
100:aqkoktlaqatl
6812:Pachena Bay
6664:Haro Strait
6619:Active Pass
6536:Drury Inlet
6493:Smith Sound
6488:Smith Inlet
6370:North Coast
6340:Laskeek Bay
6322:Haida Gwaii
6129:Hydrography
5803:Works cited
5304:Google Maps
5122:"Libby Dam"
3053:Tributaries
2384:drift boats
2315:snowshoeing
2307:backpacking
2140:Duncan Lake
2121:Keenleyside
1972:Agriculture
1927:station at
1888:aquaculture
1727:Grand Forks
1513:Slocan City
1489:Fort Steele
1464:Fisherville
1444:Fort Steele
1298:Exploration
1207:group with
1138:metamorphic
1118:Precambrian
955:Canal Flats
848:Moyie River
785:Fort Steele
753:Canal Flats
535:tributaries
486:Moyie River
446:White River
428:Tributaries
317: /
232: /
77:Native name
6843:Categories
6797:Hansen Bay
6782:Brooks Bay
6749:Toba Inlet
6704:Ramsay Arm
6679:Howe Sound
6611:Salish Sea
6526:Call Inlet
6521:Bute Inlet
6050:2010-04-17
6021:2010-03-28
5992:2010-03-25
5828:2010-04-12
5774:2008-09-17
5749:2010-03-31
5728:2010-03-31
5682:2010-04-29
5653:2010-04-29
5632:2010-04-29
5603:2010-05-10
5578:2010-05-10
5553:2010-05-10
5528:2010-04-29
5506:2010-03-31
5481:2010-04-01
5460:2010-04-29
5439:2010-04-29
5410:2010-03-31
5385:2010-03-31
5360:2010-04-29
5332:2010-04-29
5311:2010-04-29
5276:2010-03-25
5247:2010-03-25
5201:2010-03-26
5166:2010-03-26
5140:2010-04-29
5107:2010-03-25
5075:2010-04-17
5046:2010-04-17
5021:2011-07-12
4996:2010-03-26
4967:2010-03-26
4938:2010-03-26
4909:2010-03-26
4880:2011-07-06
4851:2010-04-14
4784:2010-04-14
4770:"The Dams"
4755:2010-04-28
4723:2010-04-28
4698:2010-04-28
4668:2010-04-28
4636:2010-04-28
4610:2010-04-28
4584:2010-04-28
4559:2010-04-28
4525:2010-04-28
4500:2010-04-28
4468:2010-05-09
4433:2010-05-01
4374:2010-03-28
4334:2010-04-28
4309:2010-03-28
4283:, p. 89-92
4267:2010-04-17
4238:2010-04-17
4206:2010-04-17
4179:Clark Fork
4081:2010-03-27
4047:2010-03-27
4010:2010-03-27
3985:2010-03-27
3948:2010-03-27
3923:2010-03-27
3895:2010-03-27
3870:2010-03-25
3794:2010-03-26
3721:2010-03-27
3638:7–8, 72–74
3616:2010-03-31
3591:2010-03-27
3562:2010-03-27
3533:2010-03-31
3383:2010-03-26
3321:2010-03-26
3288:2010-03-27
3263:2010-03-26
3239:2010-03-26
3154:2010-03-27
3120:2010-04-27
3083:2010-03-25
3039:2010-03-25
2983:2010-03-25
2954:2010-03-28
2914:2010-03-28
2877:2010-04-27
2833:2010-03-26
2829:. KooteNet
2739:2010-04-13
2708:2010-03-25
2676:2011-11-25
2566:References
2436:houseboats
2404:Boathouses
2360:bull trout
2180:Recreation
2083:Duncan Dam
1836:salmon run
1719:homesteads
1680:Doukhobors
1668:North Star
1663:North Star
1658:North Star
1653:North Star
1641:Gwendoline
1636:Gwendoline
1627:Gwendoline
1571:steamboats
1552:North Star
1535:Steamboats
1521:Revelstoke
1505:New Denver
1469:Wild Horse
1452:Wild Horse
1353:Clark Fork
1284:Arcs plats
1279:Algonquian
1215:See also:
1168:glaciation
1098:Hudson Bay
1030:Wild Horse
989:; and the
975:Milk River
951:Revelstoke
844:Yaak River
789:Bull River
781:Wild Horse
710:Swan River
687:Algonquian
645:aqkinmiluk
609:Doukhobors
490:Goat River
482:Yaak River
466:Lake Creek
450:Bull River
348:Basin size
305:117°39′4″W
85:aqkinmiluk
6894:Kootenays
6295:Williston
6260:Kinbasket
4574:"History"
4515:"Logging"
3229:"History"
2909:TopoQuest
2332:Brilliant
2068:Castlegar
1999:The Falls
1815:ecoregion
1770:in 1995.
1758:arsonists
1697:Brilliant
1692:Castlegar
1608:Libby Dam
1565:When the
1509:Silverton
1403:Elk River
1247:Blackfeet
1086:Bow River
1014:Vermilion
931:Kootenays
919:watershed
913:Watershed
907:Castlegar
895:Brilliant
816:Libby Dam
801:Elk River
653:Blackfeet
625:Libby Dam
613:Brilliant
601:gold rush
567:Castlegar
454:Elk River
360:Discharge
302:49°19′0″N
277:Castlegar
123:Countries
6275:Okanagan
6265:Kootenay
6255:Harrison
6245:Cowichan
6209:Thompson
6164:Kootenay
6154:Cowichan
6149:Columbia
5425:"Hiking"
5292:, p. 326
5226:, p. 325
2446:See also
2278:Popular
2157:freshets
2044:BC Hydro
1905:Shoshone
1824:braiding
1763:headland
1645:iron ore
1614:and the
1481:en masse
1473:Kootenai
1376:monopoly
1351:and the
1275:Kootenai
1227:Kootenai
1205:Kootenai
1160:alluvial
1150:Devonian
1146:Cambrian
1060:rivers.
1034:St. Mary
1022:Palliser
947:Purcells
943:Selkirks
818:east of
777:St. Mary
775:and the
695:Kootenay
691:Kootenai
676:Kootenae
138:Province
118:Location
6280:Shuswap
6270:Nechako
6204:Stikine
6194:Quesnel
6184:Nechako
6174:Nanaimo
5597:BCParks
5572:BCParks
5547:BCParks
4154:, p. 87
4139:, p. 85
4124:, p. 83
3581:History
3200:, p. 28
3185:, p. 27
3173:, p. 26
3099:, p. 12
2648:, p. 11
2395:Boating
2350:Fishing
2309:trips.
1911:Logging
1896:Shuswap
1870:Economy
1774:Ecology
1621:Annerly
1612:Duchess
1579:portage
1529:Lardeau
1446:in 1910
1292:Shuswap
1269:of the
1256:buffalo
1223:Ktunaxa
1191:History
1172:Ice Age
1164:meander
1156:Bedrock
1123:of the
1104:Geology
939:Rockies
875:Balfour
668:William
641:Ktunaxa
593:Ktunaxa
545:of the
537:of the
527:Montana
155:Montana
107:Kutenai
92:Kutenai
33:Ktunaxa
6290:Teslin
6285:Tagish
6240:Babine
6199:Skeena
6159:Fraser
6141:Rivers
6087:
5950:
5931:
5912:
5893:
5874:
5844:
5819:
5704:
4353:, p. 8
3644:
3444:
3007:
2125:Duncan
2019:. For
1864:beaver
1799:alpine
1735:Nelson
1731:spring
1575:Golden
1517:Sandon
1497:Nelson
1493:galena
1263:Ksanka
1209:tepees
1133:faults
1129:graben
1058:Slocan
1056:, and
1042:Fisher
981:; the
959:Golden
879:Nelson
716:Course
605:galena
431:
363:
340:Length
285:Canada
200:Canada
174:Source
150:States
127:Canada
103:
88:
6235:Atlin
6227:Lakes
6189:Peace
6169:Liard
6044:(PDF)
6033:(PDF)
6015:(PDF)
6004:(PDF)
5986:(PDF)
5975:(PDF)
5195:(PDF)
5184:(PDF)
4749:(PDF)
4742:(PDF)
4630:(PDF)
4604:(PDF)
4462:(PDF)
4451:(PDF)
4423:(PDF)
4297:(PDF)
3257:(PDF)
2336:Glade
2324:Libby
2196:Parks
2133:Libby
1966:near
1957:Korea
1953:Japan
1616:Cline
1501:Kaslo
1395:Lower
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