861:
districts of
Congaad, Manoor and Edratura formerly belonging to Palgautcherry") as a manager for the company. This was granted as per the agreement, valid for one year, between the Raja (or through his representative Kariat Moosa) and company representatives William G. Farmer Esq. and Major Alexander Dow, concluded at Kozhikode on 30 July 1792. The Raja undertook to pay a sum of Rs. 38,410.20 to the company within the year (later increased to Rs. 41,594.20). The agreement also mandated revenue collection from all minor landholders who, prior to Tipu's rule, only contributed to war efforts. The agreement, in essence, sought to continue revenue collection as per the reforms Tipu had made. Appointment of ministers or other employees in government, or employees engaged in revenue collection, had to be with the consent of the company. The agreement also stipulated that only the company's merchants had the right to procure pepper grown in Valluvanad. A detachment of sepoys would also be stationed at Angadipuram.
1101:
542:(until the 12th century). The chieftain of Valluvanad, the nadu-udayavar, claimed authority through kinship and descent. The Hundred, the military organisation of the chiefdom, was the "aru-nurruvar" (the Six Hundred). The Vellattiri chieftain (the udayavar) initially exercised suzerain rights over a large portion of central Kerala. A 10th century Chera inscription from Irinjalakuda temple, declaring its protection by the Six Hundred of Valluvanad, shows either the southern extent of the border (or influence) of the chiefdom.
41:
149:
The earliest mention of the term "Valluvanad" as a political entity, from the 9th and early 10th century, are references to a region within the Ay kingdom in the south Kerala, then a vassal to the Pandya kingdom. It is possible that the new chiefdom in central Kerala (within the kingdom of the Chera
864:
In May 1793 the Joint
Commissioners dismissed the Raja and assumed direct management of the country. Inability to preserve the peace of the district (primarily owing to Mappila uprisings prevalent in the region) and shortfall in revenue collections were cited as the main reasons. Dispute over the
860:
ceded half of his territories, including
Malabar, to the English East India Company. The Valluvanad Raja, back from exile in Travancore (where the family was since c. 1788), requested the holding of the territories he laid claim to ("Millattoor, Angarypooram, Vanarcaddo, Kaapil"; and "the three
653:
Malappuram, on the road between
Calicut and Vellattiri's headquarters, was entrusted by the zamorin a member of Varakkal Paranampi's family (Malappuram Paranampi) . Nilambur was placed under Taccharakkavu Eralan, and Vallappanattukara under Tarakkal Eroma Menon (the commander of Chunganad) and
639:
According to historians, "... the caver of
Valluvanatu died fighting to avenge the death or defeat of their master and died fighting regularly at Tirunavaya for a long period. It means that the caver died fighting at Tirunavaya even after many generations. Thus it takes the form of blood
545:
Some scholars state that the
Valluvanad in northern Kerala, ruled by hereditary chieftains, was possibly organised in the beginning of the 10th century with a chieftain or general from Valluvanad in the south Kerala nominated as hereditary chieftain so that the name of Valluvanad was also
517:
in
Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu is also stated as being within this region. The plates refer to Karunandadakan (having the title of "Sree Vallabhan") and the establishment of the temple at Parthivasekharapuram (Shri Parthasarathy Temple at Parthivapuram in the Kanyakumari district).
674:
According to the ancient laws of Kerala, many Nair chiefs and Nairs were liable to follow the
Valluvanad chieftain in battles. These chiefs were allowed hold their land without paying revenue or tribute to the chieftain. Mysore rulers destroyed this
589:(namely "Bhaskarapuram"), the protection of the area was given to the "aru-nurruvar" of Valluvanad (inscription dated to the close of the 10th century). - an example of the Hundred Organisation performing regulatory functions outside the chiefdom.
525:
states that he is from a place called "Nandikkarai Puttur" (present-day
Thirunandikkara), and is the son of the Valluvanad chieftain ('valabha rashtra natha') Rajasekhara. Vellan Kumaran is described as a commander in the Chola army in the famous
865:
management of the three districts formerly belonging to
Palgautcherry (Palakkad) had led to the withdrawal of Raja's authority of those districts even earlier. A pension agreement was then settled on between the Raja and the company.
636:
Ever since, the Vellattiri used to send groups of suicide warriors (known as the Chavers) to kill the king of Calicut during the Mamankam and the Thaippuyam festivals and recover the long-lost right.
142:
that held power from the early 12th century to the end of the 18th century. Prior to that, and since the late 10th century, Valluvanad existed as an autonomous chiefdom within the kingdom of the
181:
The geographical bounds of Valluvanad are hard to assess from available sources, and did vary significantly in time. It has been generally described as the region between the knolls of
625:
became a major force in Kerala, they made inroads into Valluvanad and even usurped the right to preside over the Mamankam . The zamorin eventually extended his kingdom as east as
146:. The disintegration of the Chera Perumal kingdom in early 12th century led to the independence of the various autonomous chiefdoms of the kingdom, Valluvanad being one of them.
678:
Grants were made of the lands to the temples, and to the Brahmins, all which lands were by the sultans brought to account in the revenue (the lands were taken from the Brahmins)
598:
With the fall of the Chera Perumal kingdom around the 12th century, the various autonomous chiefdoms became independent. A Valluvanad ruler is mentioned as a witness in the
666:
The country marked as "Valluvanad Proper" in the Company records was the sole remaining territory under the control of the Valluvanad "Raja" (chieftain) at the time of the
657:
Kariyur Mussad (the Brahmin minister and general of Vellattiri) was captured and put to death at Pataparamba and his lands (the Tens Kalams and Pantalur) were occupied .
1672:
Perumāḷs of Kerala : Brahmin oligarchy and ritual monarchy : political and social conditions of Kerala under the Cēra Perumāḷs of Makōtai (c. AD 800-AD 1124)
465:
682:
At the time of the Mysore conquest the following amsams (of the 1887 Valluvanad and Ernad taluks, the Valluvanad Proper) remained to Vellattiri
807:
The following regions (known as Valluvanad-zamorin) were controlled the zamorin of Calicut ("latest acquisition" by zamorin from Vellattiri)
567:
Irayira Chekaran of Valluvanad was involved in a temple resolution to take over the village of Taviranur and bring it under the village of
1715:
Ganesh, K. N. (2009). Historical Geography of Natu in South India with Special Reference to Kerala. Indian Historical Review, 36(1), 3–21.
1908:
1726:
650:
Tradition says that the zamorin, despair for success at Tirunavaya, sought divine help by propitiating the Tirumandhamkunnu Bhagavati .
647:
Brahmin Raja of Tirumanasseri ceded Ponnani to the zamorin as the price for his protection from Valluvanad and Perumpatappu (Cochin) .
2085:
2038:
Reports of a Joint Commission from Bengal and Bombay appointed to inspect into the state and condition of the province of Malabar
578:
Irayiravar, the Valluvanad chief, is seen in three temple transaction-related inscriptions from Avattiputhur/Avittathur (near
1773:
509:
The Huzur Office Copper Plates (865 CE) (also known as the Parthivapuram plates) mention Valluvanad as a region within the
1636:
1891:
280:
Taluks within it, with Ponnani port providing the main access to the sea. At that time a larger part of the basins of
1679:
2090:
1158:. Nedunganad was added to Valluvanad Taluk only in 1860's. Valluvanad Taluk was one of the two Taluk added in the
460:
river near present-day Shoranur . Another possible location for the original home of the family is in the present
440:. The guardian deity of the Valluvanad royal family was Thirumandhamkunnu Bhagavati at Thirumandhamkunnu Temple .
550:
2006:"A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Other Papers of Importance Relating to British Affairs in Malabar"
40:
667:
363:
taking over its management directly, and the hereditary ruling family settling for a pension arrangement.
1788:
S. Rajendu - History of Valluvanad - from pre-historic times to A.D. 1792, Malayalam, Perintalmanna, 2012
1439:
921:(the designates), in order of seniority (eldest male member in the matrilineal system), were titled as:
150:
Perumals) derives its origin from this eponymous subdivision in south Kerala. Valluvanad was ruled by a
1449:
360:
1840:
613:
After the fall of Chera Perumal kingdom in the 12th century, the right to preside over the Tirunavaya
1419:
599:
539:
143:
437:
1254:
853:
617:(as the 'Rakshapurusha') passed on to the Vellattiri (according to local traditions). When the
549:
Rayiran Chathan, the chieftain (the udayavar) of Valluvanad, is mentioned as a witness in the
448:
The house/dynasty that had hereditary control over the region (in the north) was known as the
2036:
1524:
1312:
768:
707:
521:
Inscriptions at the Shiva temple at Thiruvotriyur (late 10th century) describing the life of
1386:
1104:
830:
622:
58:
205:
basin in the south to the Pandalur Hills in the north. On the west, it was bounded by the
8:
1138:
in the Taluk. The Taluk was created in 1860–61. The headquarters of Valluvanad Taluk was
202:
62:
2055:
King court and culture in medieval Kerala - The Zamorins of Calicut A AD 1200 to AD 1767
1667:
1624:
1572:
1427:
1415:
1352:
1218:
1197:
1155:
527:
469:
461:
345:
313:
80:
1887:
1769:
1675:
1576:
1459:
1213:
1029:) who looked after the affairs of the eastern boundary and hilly areas of Vellattiri.
743:
614:
349:
2059:
1614:
1297:
1292:
1244:
1163:
1108:
753:
748:
697:
477:
1763:
1746:
1454:
1391:
1100:
1020:
835:
582:) - an example of the chief performing regulatory functions outside his chiefdom.
417:
Irayaran Chattan, the utaiyavar of Valluvanatu, in Jewish Copper Plates (1000 CE)
285:
873:
Some details and characteristics of Valluvanad kingdom/principality (northern).
533:
1470:
1282:
1204:
in this division was part of the Ernad Taluk. It consisted of the following 26
1196:. A major part of Ernad Taluk was under Walluvanad before the expansion of the
1146:. Until 1860's Nedunganad (Pattambi-Ottapalam-Cherpulassery are south of River
1139:
692:
522:
457:
433:
372:
Valluvanad - Valluvanadu - Valluvanatu - Valluvanat - Walluvanad - Walluvanatu.
151:
2079:
2041:. Madras: H. Smith, at the Fort Saint George Gazette Press. 1862. p. 75.
2005:
1480:
1381:
1287:
1267:
1193:
825:
725:
717:
586:
473:
453:
337:
312:
region was originally under the Kingdom of Valluvanad before the conquest of
277:
233:
1751:. Superintendent of Government Presses,University of Michigan. p. 224.
1514:
1327:
1302:
763:
758:
241:
1855:
A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, DC Books, Kottayam (2007)
1142:, which is located three km (1.9 mi) away from its main suburb
1568:
1564:
1490:
1277:
1147:
1143:
1048:
857:
687:
579:
530:(948-49 CE) and considered a close confidante of Chola prince Rajaditya.
429:
297:
293:
257:
206:
54:
2063:
1532:
1509:
1485:
1444:
1396:
1322:
1307:
1272:
1262:
1159:
840:
784:
702:
510:
493:
489:
391:
Official title of the Raja - Vallabha Raja (in the treaty with English)
353:
273:
261:
253:
190:
969:
The eldest two female members were titled as (both were eligible for
2053:
1543:
1475:
1423:
1332:
1317:
1249:
1154:, was a separate Taluk, and was considered as the ruling area of the
885:
Tavalis in the senior lineage of Valluvanad - the House of Arangottu
800:
789:
773:
630:
568:
329:
269:
265:
245:
217:
182:
167:
163:
452:, possibly because the original home of the family was at Arangode (
1519:
1376:
1231:
1057:
820:
730:
626:
618:
333:
325:
305:
301:
281:
225:
221:
91:
1619:
1498:
1239:
1226:
1118:
included in Walluvanad Taluk was classified into four divisions-
1013:
738:
712:
572:
514:
481:
292:. In its maximal extend, its northern boundary was Thrikkulam at
249:
229:
213:
198:
194:
1368:
1167:
812:
309:
237:
186:
159:
139:
66:
1991:
Haridas V.V. "DYING FOR A CAUSE: 'CAVER' OF MEDIEVAL KERALA."
538:
Valluvanad was one of the chiefdoms within the kingdom of the
847:
534:
A district in Central Kerala within the Chera Perumal kingdom
155:
70:
1351:
in this division was comparatively later acquisition by the
1184:(Walluvanad Proper) was the sole remaining territory of the
220:. In the 12th century, Valluvanad had parts of present-day
210:
484:, where the Kovilakam of Valluvanad royal family known as
946:
Padinjarekkara Thampuran – nominated by Vellattiri (the
605:
The Brahmins of Sukapuram were supporters of Valluvanad.
411:
Rajasekhara (or Rayaran/Irayira Chekaran or Irayiravar)
388:
Official name of the kingdom - the Kingdom of Vellattiri
1975:
Gurukkal, Rajan. "A NEW EPIGRAPH REFERRING TO ERNADU."
468:
area. There is an Arangottu Siva temple as well there.
1845:. Madras: PRINTED BY R. HILL, AT THE GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1095:
902:
Junior lineage of Valluvanad - the Vallotis (Vellodis)
952:
had rights over some landed property and privileges).
1571:, who owed a sort of nominal allegiance both to the
414:
Rajasekhara and his son Vellan Kumaran (inscription)
1744:
1039:
1024:
998:
997:Apart from this, the eldest female members of each
989:
980:
970:
957:
947:
926:
916:
670:. The chieftain and his family fled to Travancore.
170:. The rulers of Valluvanad were known by the title
138:was an independent chiefdom in present-day central
16:Independent chiefdom in present-day central Kerala
1762:Schneider, David Murray; Gough, Kathleen (1961).
1422:, Nedunganad became independent. It was ruled by
359:The chiefdom was disestablished in 1793 with the
2077:
1916:. Madras Methodist Publishing House. p. 5.
1768:. University of California Press. p. 307.
1734:. Madras Methodist Publishing House. p. 5.
308:. A larger portion of what is presently called
1761:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
1166:. The other Taluk in Malappuram Division was
988:Kadanna Mootha Thampuratti – the next eldest
375:Swaroopam (Svarupam) - Arangottu (Aarangottu)
1745:Kerala (India); Menon, A. Sreedhara (1986).
504:
378:Vellattiri - Vellatiri - Velatra - Velnatera
1418:for some time. After the disintegration of
2020:
1998:
1993:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1977:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
848:Takeover by the English East India Company
608:
39:
1666:
1032:Chondathil Mannadiar (Puthumana Panicker)
906:
643:Notes from historian K. V. Krishna Ayyar
366:
1937:
1935:
1886:(1999 ed.). University of Calicut.
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1099:
585:When a market centre was established at
344:. However Nedunganad was annexed by the
189:Taluk from Valluvanad Taluk, located in
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
593:
472:was a part of Valluvanad kingdom while
154:clan known as Vellodis, similar to the
2078:
1987:
1985:
1944:Rama Varma Research Institute Bulletin
1192:), who had once ruled majority of the
1003:have their own rights and privileges.
1971:
1969:
1932:
1881:
1838:
1711:
876:
2051:
1858:
1791:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1200:in 13th-14th centuries. Some of the
661:
356:belongs to Valluvanad Royal family.
1982:
1906:
1724:
1579:. It consisted of the following 6
1430:. It consisted of the following 27
1359:. It consisted of the following 7
1096:Valluvanad Taluk under British Rule
631:Venkattakota (now called Kottakkal)
428:The headquarters of Valluvanad was
405:
340:area), which was under the rule of
13:
1966:
1150:), which was the original land of
1038:Other dignitaries consisted of 14
979:Kulathur Thampuratti – the eldest
14:
2102:
1688:
1649:
1630:
382:
1910:Travancore Archaeological Series
1728:Travancore Archaeological Series
868:
443:
395:
2045:
1954:
1920:
1900:
964:
563:Other references to Valluvanad
560:) issued by the Chera Perumal.
423:
2086:History of Malappuram district
1929:27 (1947–48), no. 47: 292–304.
1849:
1782:
1755:
1738:
1718:
1053:Two persons of the royal house
654:Manjeri under the Karanappad .
551:Jewish copper plates of Cochin
496:are also located near Kuruva.
436:, which is now famous for its
320:conquered a larger portion of
300:Taluk and southern border was
1:
2058:(PhD). Mangalore University.
1995:, vol. 61, 2000, pp. 492–500.
1979:, vol. 37, 1976, pp. 526–531.
1176:Vellatiri (Walluvanad Proper)
1120:Vellatiri (Walluvanad proper)
1016:chief minister of Vellattiri.
1006:
554:
2016:(Second Edition): 155. 1891.
1882:Ayyar, K.V. Krishna (1999).
1019:Kunnathattil Madambil Nair (
925:Valluvakkonathiri – eldest
316:. In early medieval period,
7:
1608:
1040:
1025:
999:
990:
981:
971:
958:
956:all five were eligible for
948:
927:
917:
668:Mysorean invasion of Kerala
185:(a hill that separates old
10:
2107:
1748:Kerala District Gazetteers
1642:
1426:. Later it came under the
499:
480:. Kuruva is situated near
432:, a suburb of present day
361:British East India Company
201:. The country covered the
197:area) and the seashore of
1420:Perumals of Mahodayapuram
600:Viraraghava Copper Plates
505:An entity in south Kerala
129:
119:
109:
105:
97:
87:
76:
50:
38:
33:
23:
1674:. Thrissur: CosmoBooks.
1355:in the territory of the
1012:Karuvayoor Moosad – the
438:Thirumandhamkunnu Temple
348:in 15th century CE. The
45:Thirumandhamkunnu Temple
2091:Feudal states of Kerala
1907:Rao, Gopinatha (1910).
1884:The Zamorins of Calicut
1839:Logan, William (1887).
1725:Rao, Gopinatha (1910).
1068:Uppamkalathil Pisharody
609:Zamorin's encroachments
2052:V.V., Haridas (2003).
1111:
854:treaty of Seringapatam
367:Variations of the name
121:• Disestablished
1486:Naduvattam-Karalmanna
1103:
915:The eldest five male
77:Common languages
25:Kingdom of Valluvanad
1162:Revenue Division of
1071:Pathiramanna Vellodi
621:(the samoothiri) of
594:Independent chiefdom
546:transplanted there.
59:Perinthalmanna taluk
1765:Matrilineal Kinship
1414:had been under the
1089:Cherukara Pisharody
1023:) – the chieftain (
894:Katannamanna tavali
450:Arangottu Swaroopam
216:and on the east by
203:Bharathapuzha river
111:• Established
63:Malappuram district
1963:, Vol. V, No. 775.
1625:Zamorin of Calicut
1588:Mundakkottukurissi
1573:Zamorin of Calicut
1467:Moothedath Madamba
1223:Mankada-Pallipuram
1156:Zamorin of Calicut
1112:
1062:Elampulakkad Achan
943:Kolathur Thampuran
931:and supreme leader
877:Branches (Tavalis)
528:Battle of Takkolam
478:Nedunganad kingdom
346:Zamorin of Calicut
314:Zamorin of Calicut
1927:Epigraphia Indica
1775:978-0-520-02529-5
1668:Narayanan, M.G.S.
1637:Valluvanad Vamsam
1577:Kingdom of Cochin
1428:Zamorin's kingdom
1392:Thachchanattukara
1107:in the erstwhile
1044:, which included
662:Mysore's Invasion
615:Mamankam festival
486:Mankada Kovilakam
350:Nedumpuram Palace
133:
132:
2098:
2068:
2067:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2018:
2017:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1686:
1685:
1664:
1450:Sreekrishnapuram
1373:Thiruvizhamkunnu
1190:Valluvakonathiri
1164:Malabar District
1152:Nedungathirippad
1134:. There were 64
1109:Malabar District
1105:Valluvanad Taluk
1065:Kulathur Warrier
1043:
1028:
1002:
993:
984:
974:
961:
951:
930:
920:
897:Ayiranali tavali
817:Thiruvizhamkunnu
575:) (inscription).
559:
556:
406:Hereditary title
342:Nedungathirippad
318:Valluvakonathiri
290:Valluvakonathiri
172:Valluvakonathiri
158:of neighbouring
43:
21:
20:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2050:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2021:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1983:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1880:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1837:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1689:
1682:
1665:
1650:
1645:
1633:
1611:
1606:
1554:
1540:Eledath Madamba
1520:Nethirimangalam
1455:Kadampazhipuram
1401:
1357:Walluvanad Raja
1337:
1186:Walluvanad Raja
1098:
1086:Naduvakkat Nair
1080:Mannarmala Nair
1021:Mannarghat Nair
1009:
967:
913:
879:
871:
850:
845:
836:Thachanattukara
805:
664:
640:feud ..."
629:and as deep as
611:
596:
557:
536:
507:
502:
446:
426:
408:
398:
385:
369:
286:Kadalundi River
218:Attappadi Hills
122:
112:
46:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2104:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2070:
2069:
2044:
2019:
1997:
1981:
1965:
1953:
1931:
1919:
1899:
1893:978-8177480009
1892:
1857:
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466:Makkaraparamba
458:Bharathappuzha
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401:Vallabhakshoni
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383:Official names
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288:were ruled by
183:Pandalur Hills
152:Samanthan Nair
144:Chera Perumals
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1942:"Volume IX".
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1481:Cherpulassery
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1464:Vadakkumpuram
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869:State Details
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826:Kumaramputhur
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451:
444:Family origin
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396:Sanskrit name
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338:Cherpulassery
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2064:10603/131929
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2013:
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1615:Vettathunadu
1580:
1567:had its own
1563:
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1529:Kalladipatta
1515:Perumudiyoor
1495:Chundambatta
1471:Thrikkadeeri
1431:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1328:Chembrassery
1303:Kuruvambalam
1205:
1201:
1189:
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1175:
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1172:
1151:
1135:
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1123:
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1113:
1049:Namboothiris
996:
968:
965:Thampurattis
955:
937:Thacharalpad
914:
908:
880:
872:
863:
851:
806:
797:Chembrasseri
764:Pulamanthole
759:Kuruvambalam
722:chettanallur
681:
665:
642:
638:
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612:
604:
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562:
548:
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537:
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508:
485:
449:
447:
427:
424:Headquarters
358:
341:
321:
317:
289:
276:areas), and
180:
175:
171:
148:
135:
134:
18:
1600:Kuzhappalli
1565:Kavalappara
1559:Kavalappara
1537:Kothakurssi
1525:Pallippuram
1491:Kulukkallur
1460:Kalladikode
1278:Angadipuram
1255:Kottoppadam
1236:Karyavattam
1148:Thuthapuzha
1144:Angadipuram
1132:Kavalappara
1083:Kongad Nair
991:thampuratti
982:thampuratti
940:Edathralpad
858:Tipu Sultan
735:Karyavattam
708:Pallippuram
688:Angadipuram
602:from 1225.
580:Kodungallur
558: 1000
430:Angadipuram
298:Tirurangadi
294:Tirurangadi
207:Arabian Sea
55:Angadipuram
2080:Categories
1594:Koonathara
1533:Vallapuzha
1510:Muthuthala
1506:Naduvattam
1445:Vellinezhi
1424:Nedungadis
1412:Nedunganad
1406:Nedunganad
1397:Aliparamba
1387:Karimpuzha
1342:Walluvanad
1308:Pulamantol
1273:Chethallur
1263:Tachampara
1259:Arakurissi
1160:Malappuram
1128:Nedunganad
1124:Walluvanad
1007:Government
841:Aliparamba
831:Karimpuzha
785:Tachampara
781:Arakurissi
778:Kottopadam
703:Keezhattur
511:Ay kingdom
494:Tirunavaya
490:Kadampuzha
354:Thiruvalla
322:Nedunganad
274:Valanchery
262:Tirunavaya
254:Malappuram
191:Malappuram
176:Vellattiri
168:Nedunganad
164:Nedungadis
136:Valluvanad
88:Government
28:Valluvanad
1603:Mundamuka
1591:Panamanna
1544:Chunangad
1503:Pulasseri
1476:Chalavara
1333:Pandikkad
1318:Anamangad
1313:Elamkulam
1250:Vettattur
1182:Vellatiri
1058:Panickers
1041:swaroopis
1026:desavazhi
1000:kovilakam
972:malikhana
959:malikhana
949:thampuram
934:Vellalpad
801:Pandikkad
790:Anamangad
774:Vettattur
769:Elamkulam
569:Sukapuram
330:Ottapalam
270:Kottakkal
266:Athavanad
246:Pandikkad
81:Malayalam
34:1124–1793
1950:(I): 44.
1670:(2013).
1609:See also
1597:Karakkad
1575:and the
1548:Mulanjur
1377:Thenkara
1298:Kolathur
1245:Melattur
1232:Valambur
881:Source:
856:(1792),
821:Thenkara
754:Kolathur
731:Valambur
698:Melattur
627:Nilambur
488:exists.
456:) along
334:Shoranur
326:Pattambi
306:Palakkad
302:Edathara
282:Chaliyar
256:areas),
226:Nilambur
222:Nilambur
92:Monarchy
1643:Sources
1620:Ponnani
1499:Vilayur
1416:Zamorin
1353:Zamorin
1240:Nenmini
1227:Mankada
1014:Brahmin
918:sthanis
909:Sthanis
852:By the
739:Nenmini
713:Mankada
675:custom.
623:Calicut
619:zamorin
573:Edappal
515:Eraniel
500:History
482:Mankada
278:Ponnani
250:Manjeri
240:area),
230:Wandoor
214:Ponnani
209:at the
199:Ponnani
195:Manjeri
98:History
51:Capital
1890:
1772:
1678:
1581:Amsoms
1432:Amsoms
1369:Tuvvur
1361:Amsoms
1349:Amsoms
1219:Kuruva
1206:Amsoms
1202:Amsoms
1168:Eranad
1136:Amsoms
1130:, and
1116:Amsoms
928:sthani
813:Tuvvur
492:, and
470:Kuruva
462:Kuruva
310:Eranad
242:Eranad
238:Tuvvur
187:Eranad
160:Eranad
156:Eradis
140:Kerala
101:
67:Kerala
1914:(PDF)
1732:(PDF)
1569:Nairs
1551:Perur
1323:Paral
1214:Kodur
1198:Ernad
1056:Four
794:Paral
744:Kodur
352:near
304:near
258:Tirur
71:India
2010:XIII
1888:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1676:ISBN
1347:The
1293:Pang
1114:The
1047:Two
749:Pang
284:and
211:port
162:and
125:1793
115:1124
2060:hdl
1961:SII
1556:4.
1403:3.
1339:2.
1208::
1173:1.
296:in
166:of
2082::
2022:^
2014:ii
2012:.
2008:.
1984:^
1968:^
1948:IX
1946:.
1934:^
1860:^
1793:^
1690:^
1651:^
1583::
1434::
1363::
1170:.
1126:,
1122:,
975:)
633:.
555:c.
513:.
178:.
69:,
65:,
61:,
57:,
2066:.
2062::
1896:.
1778:.
1684:.
1188:(
911:)
571:(
553:(
464:-
336:-
332:-
328:-
324:(
272:-
268:-
264:-
260:(
252:-
248:-
244:(
236:-
232:-
228:-
224:(
193:-
174:/
83:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
