Asante Empire - Knowledge

1718: 1435: 1423: 1447: 2154: 484: 3082: 2814:, resisting all overtures by the Asante to negotiate, led an invading force. The Asante defeated this, killed MacCarthy, took his head for a trophy and swept on to the coast. However, disease forced them back. The Asante were so successful in subsequent fighting that in 1826 they again moved on the coast. The Asante were stopped about 15 kilometres (10 mi) north of Accra by a British led force. They fought against superior numbers of British allied forces, including Denkyirans until the novelty of British rockets caused the Asante army to flee. In 1831, a treaty led to 30 years of peace, with the 1416:

was a stone house, Moorish in its style . . . with a flat roof and a parapet, and suites of apartments on the first floor. It was built by Fanti masons many years ago. The rooms upstairs remind me of Wardour Street. Each was a perfect Old Curiosity Shop. Books in many languages, Bohemian glass, clocks, silver plate, old furniture, Persian rugs, Kidderminster carpets, pictures and engravings, numberless chests and coffers. A sword bearing the inscription From Queen Victoria to the King of Ashantee. A copy of the Times, 17 October 1843. With these were many specimens of Moorish and Ashanti handicraft."

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faced a number of revolts and rebellions from these peoples over its long history. The political genius of the symbolic "golden stool" and the fusing effect of a national army however, provided the unity needed to keep the empire viable. Total potential strength was some 80,000 to 200,000, making the Asante army bigger than the well known Zulu, and comparable to possibly Africa's largest – the legions of Ethiopia. The Asante army was described as a fiercely organized one whose king could "bring 200,000 men into the field and whose warriors were evidently not cowed by

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fly-infested forest zone in the south, there was no cavalry. Asante high-ranking officers rode horses with the hauteur of European officers but they did not ride to battle. The approach to the battlefield was typically via converging columns, and tactics included ambushes and extensive maneuvers on the wings. Unique among African armies, the Asante deployed medical units to support their fighters. This force was to expand the empire substantially and continually for over a century, and defeated the British in several encounters.

3135: 2555: 2394:, which allowed much closer control of the Asante kingdom. The Asante kingdom was one of the most centralised states in sub-Saharan Africa. Osei Tutu and his successors oversaw a policy of political and cultural unification and the union had reached its full extent by 1750. It remained an alliance of several large city-states which acknowledged the sovereignty of the ruler of Kumasi and the Asante kingdom, known as the Asantehene. The Asante kingdom had dense populations, allowing the creation of substantial 1028: 1514: 93: 3188:

normally buried within 24 hours. Until that time the funeral party engage in dancing, drumming, shooting of guns, all accompanied by the wailing of relatives. This was done because the Asante typically believed that death was not something to be sad about, but rather a part of life. As the Asante believed in an after-life, families felt they would be reunited with their ancestors upon death. Funeral rites for the death of a king involved the whole kingdom and were a much more elaborate affair.

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two supporting pillars, which break the view and give it all the appearance of the proscenium or front of the stage of the older Italian theaters. They are lofty and regular, and the cornices of a very bold cane-work in alto-relievo. A drop-curtain of curiously plaited cane is suspended in front, and in each, we observed chairs and stools embossed with gold, and beds of silk, with scattered regalia.

109: 904:) was a means of centralization under Osei Tutu. According to legend, a meeting of all the clan heads of each of the Asante settlements was called just prior to declaring independence from Denkyira. Those included members from Nsuta, Mampong, Dwaben, Bekwai and Kokofu. In this meeting the Golden Stool was commanded down from the heavens by Okomfo Anokye, chief-priest or sage advisor to 2423: 2462:; the inner corners of adjacent buildings were linked by means of splayed screen walls, whose sides and angles could be adapted to allow for any inaccuracy in the initial layout. Typically, three of the buildings were completely open to the courtyard, while the fourth was partially enclosed, either by the door and windows, or by open-work screens flanking an opening. 2758:, a coalition of Asante and Ga fought against an alliance of Fante, Akwapim and Akim states. The Asante war machine was successful in defeating the alliance in open combat pushing their enemies towards the Akwapim hills. Asante however abandoned their campaign of pursuit after capturing a British fort and establishing their presence and authority on the coast. 703: 1270:(King of all Asante) reigned over all and was King of the division of Kumasi, the nation's capital, and the Asante Empire. He was elected in the same manner as all other chiefs. In this hierarchical structure, every chief or King swore fealty to the one above him—from village and subdivision, to division, to the chief of Kumasi, and finally the 3270:. They defend the "humanity" of Asante slavery by noting that those slaves were allowed to marry. If a master found a female slave desirable, he might marry her. He preferred such an arrangement to that of a free woman in a conventional marriage, because marriage to an enslaved woman allowed the children to inherit some of the father's 3105:

Menstruating women suffered numerous restrictions. The Asante viewed them as ritually unclean. They did not cook for men, nor did they eat any food cooked for a man. If a menstruating woman entered the ancestral stool (shrine) house, she was arrested, and the punishment could result in death. If this

1581:) himself followed a pattern. The senior female of the kingly lineage nominated the eligible males. This senior female then consulted the elders, male and female, of that line. The final candidate is then selected. That nomination was sent to a council of elders, who represented other lineages in the 1415:

also described his visit to the Asante Royal Palace of Kumasi in 1874: "We went to the king's palace, which consists of many courtyards, each surrounded with alcoves and verandahs, and having two gates or doors, so that each yard was a thoroughfare . . . But the part of the palace fronting the street

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wealth. The Asante also traded enslaved people. At this time the trade of enslaved people was focused towards the north. The army served as the effective tool to procure captives. These captives from war would go to Hausa and Mande traders and would be exchanged for goods from North Africa and other

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With the exception of a few Asante light skirmishes across the Pra in 1853 and 1854, the peace between the Asante and British Empire had remained unbroken for over 30 years. Then, in 1863, a large Asante delegation crossed the river pursuing a fugitive, Kwesi Gyana. There was fighting, casualties on

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The Kotoko was a government council in the Asante government. Politically, the kotoko council served as the counterweight to the king's council of elders and basically embodied the aristocratic party in the government. The council formed the Legislature of Asante governmental system. It was made up

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Realizing the strengths of a loose confederation of Akan states, Osei Tutu strengthened centralization of the surrounding Akan groups and expanded the powers of the judiciary system within the centralized government. This loose confederation of small city-states grew into a kingdom and eventually an

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People loathed being alone for long without someone available to perform this rite before the sick collapsed. The family dressed the deceased in their best clothes, and adorned them with packets of gold dust (money for the after-life), ornaments, and food for the journey "up the hill". The body was

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Some stout, forked sticks or posts are driven in the centre of the stream at convenient distances, across which are placed some strong beams, fastened to the posts with withes, from the numerous climbing plants on every hand. On these bearers are placed long stout poles which are covered with earth

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or Great Court served as the abode where the Council of Kumasi assembled. Marie-Joseph Bennet documented in the 1870s that "The meeting of the supreme court of justice and legislation takes place every day in the great court of the royal palace called Apramosso (Pramakeseso)." The court measured 30

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exuberantly adorned with bold fan and trellis work of Egyptian character. They have a suite of rooms over them, with small windows of wooden lattice, of intricate but regular carved work, and some have frames cased with thin gold. The squares have a large apartment on each side, open in front, with

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Asante Empire’s involvement in gold, cloth and slave trades brought in abundant wealth and fostered rich artistic traditions. During colonization, the British took many artifacts. In February 2024, some of these, on display in a U.S. museum, were returned to Ghana. The repatriation has been termed

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From 1806 until 1896, the Asante state was in a perpetual state of war involving expansion or defense of its domain. Asante exploits against other African forces made it the paramount power in the region. Its impressive performance against the British also earned it the respect of European powers.

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Organization was structured around an advance guard, main body, rear guard and two right and left wing flanking elements. This provided flexibility in the forest country the Asante armies typically operated in. Horses were known to survive in Kumasi but because they could not survive in the tsetse

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Although pre-literate, the Asante recruited literate individuals into its government to increase the efficiency of the state's diplomacy. Some written records were also kept. Historian Adjaye, gives estimates based on surviving letters by the Asante that documents from the Asante government "could

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was an important figure in Asante political systems. She was the most powerful female in the Empire. She had the prerogative of being consulted in the process of installing a chief or the king, as she played a major role in the nomination and selection. She settled disputes involving women and was

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Each village in Asante had a chief called Odikro who was the owner of the village. The Odikro was responsible for the maintenance of law and order. He also served as a medium between the people of his jurisdiction, the ancestor and the gods. As the head of the village, the Odikro presided over the

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Armament was primarily with firearms, but some historians hold that indigenous organization and leadership probably played a more crucial role in Asante successes. These are, perhaps, more significant when considering that the Asante had numerous troops from conquered or incorporated peoples, and

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system. Under this kinship system, children were considered born into the mother's clan and took their status from her family. Generally her eldest brother served as mentor to her children, particularly for the boys. She was protected by her family. Some Asante men felt more comfortable taking a

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Prominent people wore silk. The ordinary Asante wore cotton whiles slaves dressed in black cloth. Garments signalled the rank of the wearer in society and its colour expressed different meanings. White was worn by ordinary people after winning a court case. Dark colours were worn for funerals or

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Brass barrel blunderbuss were produced in some states in the Gold Coast including the Asante Empire around the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Various accounts indicate that Asante blacksmiths were not only able to repair firearms, but that barrels, locks and stocks were on occasion remade.

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When the Kingdom of Asante was conquered by the British in 1896, the British assured the chiefs that they would be allowed to keep their slaves; Asante became a colony in 1901 and in 1902 it was made illegal to "compel or attempt the compel the services" or another person, but slavery was not

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were divisional chiefs under the Amanhene. Their major function was to advise the Amanhene. The divisional chiefs were the highest order in various Asante state divisions. The divisions were made up of various villages put together. Examples of divisional chiefs included Krontihene, Nifahene,

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The British and their allies suffered considerable casualties in the war losing numerous soldiers and high ranking army officers. but in the end the firepower was too much to overcome for the Asante. The Asantehene (the king of the Asante) signed a British treaty in July 1874 to end the war.

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taken during his or her enstoolment, were destooled by Kingmakers. For instance, if a king punished citizens arbitrarily or was exposed as corrupt, he would be destooled. Destoolment entailed kingmakers removing the sandals of the king and bumping his buttocks on the ground three times. Once

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Successful entrepreneurs who accumulated large wealth and men as well as distinguished themselves through heroic deeds were awarded social and political recognition by being called "Abirempon" or "Obirempon" which means big men. By the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries AD, the appellation

958:, proclaiming its independence in 1701. Subsequently, through hard line force of arms and savoir-faire diplomacy, the duo induced the leaders of the other Asante city-states to declare allegiance and adherence to Kumasi, the Asante capital. From the beginning, King Osei Tutu and priest 2492:

and other trade cities. English visitors to Kumasi in the 19th century, noted the division of the capital into 77 wards with 27 main streets; one of which was 100 yards wide. Many houses especially those near the king's palace were two story buildings embodied with indoor

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to handle the state's affairs. Of particular note was Asante's Foreign Office based in Kumasi; despite its small size, it allowed the state to pursue complex negotiations with foreign powers. The Office was divided into departments to handle relations separately with the

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disapproved of the nominee, the process was restarted. Chosen, the new Kings were enstooled by the Elders, who admonished him with expectations. The chosen Kings swore a solemn oath to the Earth Goddess and to his ancestors to fulfill his duties honorably in which he

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received significant deference ritually, for the context was religious in that he was a symbol of the people in the flesh: the living, dead or yet to be born. When the king committed an act not approved of by the counsel of elders or the people, he could possibly be

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The Asante wanting to keep French and European colonial forces out of the territory (and its gold), the British were anxious to conquer Asante Empire once and for all. Despite being in talks with the state about making it a British protectorate, Britain began the

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In 1806, the Asante pursued two rebel leaders through Fante territory to the coast. The British refusal to surrender the rebels led to an Asante attack. This was devastating enough that the British handed over a rebel; the other escaped. In 1807 disputes with the

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as a sole unifying symbol. Osei Tutu oversaw a massive Asante territorial expansion, building up the army by introducing new organisation and turning a disciplined royal and paramilitary army into an effective fighting machine. In 1701, the Ashanti army conquered

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destooled from office, his sanctity and thus reverence were lost, as he could not exercise any of the powers he had as king; this includes Chief administrator, Judge, and Military Commander. The now previous king was dispossessed of the Stool, swords and other

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All Asante attempts at negotiations were disregarded. Wolseley took 2,500 British troops and several thousand West Indian and African troops to Kumasi. It arrived in Kumasi in January 1896 along a route cleared by an advance contingent under the command of

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The Asante readily heard and understood the phrases produced by these "talking drums". Standard phrases called for meetings of the chiefs or to arms, warned of danger, and broadcast announcements of the death of important figures. Some drums were used for

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which symbolized his office and authority. He also lost his position as custodian of the land. However, even if destooled from office, the king remained a member of the royal family from which he was elected. An impeachment occurred during the reign of

1616:. Upon the stool, the King was sacred. He served as the holy intermediary between the people and the ancestors. His powers theoretically were more apparent than real and hinged on his attention to the advice and decisions of the Council of Elders. 1466:

or paramount chiefs who were leaders of the various Asante states. The council also included other provincial chiefs. By law the Asantehene never ignored the decisions of the Asanteman council. Doing so could get him de-stooled from the throne.

2874:. The capital was briefly occupied. The British were impressed by the size of the palace and the scope of its contents, including "rows of books in many languages." The Asante had abandoned the capital after a bloody war. The British burned it. 2853:

In 1869 a European missionary family was taken to Kumasi. They were hospitably welcomed and were used as an excuse for war in 1873. Also, Britain took control of Asante land claimed by the Dutch. The Asante invaded the new British protectorate.

1547:"Abirempon" had formalized and politicized to embrace those who conducted trade from which the whole state benefited. The state rewarded entrepreneurs who attained such accomplishments with Mena (elephant tail) which was the "heraldic badge" 3262:

in funeral ceremonies. The Asante believed that slaves would follow their masters into the afterlife. Slaves could sometimes own other slaves, and could also request a new master if the slave believed he or she was being severely mistreated.

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both sides, but the governor's request for troops from England was declined and sickness forced the withdrawal of his West Indian troops. The war ended in 1864 as a stalemate with both sides losing more men to sickness than any other factor.

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and over thirty-five ornamental plants which beautified the environs of Asante. These tree/shrub-crop-animal (hen/fish) components were intensively integrated spatially and/or sequentially on the same land unit of individual Asante houses.

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Slavery was historically a tradition in the Asante Empire, with slaves typically taken as captives from enemies in warfare. The Asante Empire was the largest slaveowning and slave trading state in the territory of today's Ghana during the

1943:. If there is only one witness, their sworn oath assures the truth is told. Moreover, that he favours or is hostile to either litigant is unthinkable. Cases with no witness, like sorcery or adultery are settled by ordeals, like drinking 666:, however, and following the final Asante defeat at the fifth Anglo-Ashanti War, the Asante empire became part of the Gold Coast colony on 1 January 1902. Today, the Asante Kingdom survives as a constitutionally protected, sub-national 1390:

as a present upon his return from exile. The original palace of the Asantehene in Kumasi was burned down by the British in 1874. From European accounts, the edifice was massive and ornately built. In 1819, English traveler and author,

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were responsible for maintaining law and order. In Kumasi, a uniformed police, who were distinguished by their long hair, maintained order by ensuring no one else entered and left the city without permission from the government. The

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into Asante after embarking on wars of conquest between 1720 and 1750. After the conquest of the Akyem in 1742, the Asante exerted power unto the coast. From 1730 to 1770, the Asante Empire expanded north into the Savannah states of

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strength, tens of thousands of soldiers were usually available to serve the needs of the empire. Mobilization depended on small cadres of regulars, who guided and directed levees and contingents called up from provincial governors.

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s had a fair amount of legislative power in their regions, more than the local nobles of Dahomey but less than the regional governors of the Oyo Empire. In addition to handling the region's administrative and economic matters, the

2975:. A mother's brother was the legal guardian of her children. The father on the other hand had fewer legal responsibilities for his children with the exception of ensuring their well-being. Women also had the right to initiate 2770:, the empire faced the Akim–Akwapim alliance. After several battles, the out numbered Akim–Akwapim alliance were defeated and became tributories to the Asantes. The Asante was established from the midlands down to the coast. 3931: 3222:

offers each food and a beverage. The public ceremony occurs outdoors, where all the people joined the dancing. Minstrels chant ritual phrases; the talking drums extol the chief and the ancestors in traditional phrases. The

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started to play out, the Asante kingdom rose to prominence as the major player in the gold trade. At the height of the Asante empire, the Asante people became wealthy through the trading of gold mined from their territory.

3285:(older male grandfather, father, uncle or brother) to intercede on her behalf when the couple argued. With an enslaved wife, the master and husband had total control of their children, as she had no kin in the community. 3046:

because they were seen as a sign of impending fortune. Ordinarily, boy twins joined the army and twin girls potential wives of the King. If the twins are a boy and girl, no particular career awaits them. Women who bear

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involved in decision-making alongside the Council of elders and chiefs. Not only did she participate in the judicial and legislative processes, but also in the making and unmaking of war, and the distribution of land.

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explicitly abolished due to British fear that an abolition would cause "internal disorganization"; chattel slavery was formally banned in 1908, but the British authorities did not enforce the law until the 1920s.

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In the early 19th century larger rivers were either forded in the dry season or crossed by canoe or line-and-raft ferries. Smaller rivers were either waded, or were bridged by a tree trunk: in both cases a rope

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An empire of a hundred thousand square miles, occupied by about three million people from different ethnic groups, made it imperative for the Asante to evolve sophisticated statal and parastatal institutions

2866:) and printed precise military and medical instructions to the troops. The British government refused appeals to interfere with British armaments manufacturers who were unrestrained in selling to both sides. 2357:

were trained to memorize the exact contents of the verbal message and by the 19th century, the Asante government relied on writing for diplomacy. In the 1810s, it was common for couriers to be deployed with

3441:, two characters, Kumi Berko, a pirate playable in the multiplayer mode under the pseudonym "The Mercenary", and Antó, a Master Assassin of the West Indies Brotherhood, were both born in the Ashanti Empire. 2809:

occurred in 1823. In these conflicts, the Asante empire faced off, with varying degrees of success, against the British Empire residing on the coast. The root of the conflict traces back to 1823 when Sir

2134:. The expansion into Dagbon is refuted by some researchers such as A.A. Lliasu. Scholar Karl J. Haas argues that "claims of Asante dominance over Dagbon in the precolonial era have been greatly exagged." 3097:

approaches, a girl goes to her mother's house. When the girl's menstruation is disclosed, the mother announces the good news in the village beating an iron hoe with a stone. Old women come out and sing

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As a final measure of resistance, the remaining Asante court not exiled to the Seychelles mounted an offensive against the British Residents at the Kumasi Fort. The resistance was led by Asante queen

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Tolerant parents are typical among the Asante. Childhood is considered a happy time and children cannot be responsible for their actions. The child is not responsible for their actions until after

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and official occupation of the Asante Empire in 1900. The wars were mainly due to Asante attempts to establish a stronghold over the coastal areas of present-day Ghana. Coastal peoples such as the

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mourning. Laws existed to restrict certain Kente designs to the nobility. Some cotton or silk patterns on the Kente were designed solely for the king and could only be worn with his permission.

1935:. Before the Council of Elders and the King's Court, the litigants orate comprehensively. Anyone present can cross-examine the defendant or the accuser, and if the proceedings do not lead to a 1236:, the King of Asante. Each Asantahene was enthroned on the sacred Golden Stool, the Sika 'dwa, an object that came to symbolise the very power of the King. Osei Kwadwo (r. 1764–1777) began the 2330:

is tonal and more meaning is generated by tone. The drums reproduced these tones, punctuations, and the accents of a phrase so that the cultivated ear heard the entirety of the phrase itself.

1019:, the first British consul in Kumasi, arrived on March 23, 1820. Both Bowdich and Dupuis secured a treaty with the Asantehene, but the governor, Hope Smith, did not meet Ashanti expectations. 2505:

or road wardens who served as the highway police; checking the movement of traders and strangers on all roads. They were also responsible for scouting and were charged with the collection of

1263:, although during the 19th century, the fighting was increasingly handled by the Ministry of War in Kumasi. Each member of the confederacy was also obliged to send annual tribute to Kumasi. 2390:

The population history of the Asante Kingdom was one of slow centralization. In the early 19th century the Asantehene used the annual tribute to set up a permanent standing army armed with

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is considered murder. They decapitate those who commit suicide, the conventional punishment for murder. The suicide thus had contempt for the court, for only the King may kill an Asante.

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in 1895 on the pretext of failure to pay the fines levied on the Asante monarch after the 1874 war. The British were victorious and the Asante was forced to sign a treaty and became

1213:, disagree over the power of this sophisticated bureaucracy in comparison to the Asantehene, but agree that it was a sign of a highly developed government with a complex system of 1161:

Panyin" who was head of a family or lineage. The family was the basic political unit in the empire. The family or lineage followed the village organization which was headed by the

1289:, and the chiefs of other divisions considerably checked the power of the King. This in practical effect created a system of checks and balances. As the symbol of the nation, the 3227:, the other large ceremony, occurs in September and typically lasted for a week or two. It is a time of cleansing of sin from society the defilement, and for the purification of 3055:

ensue for the third, sixth, and ninth child. The fifth child (unlucky five) can expect misfortune. Families with many children are well respected and barren women scoffed at.

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between the Asante Empire and Great Britain and its allies. The British lost or negotiated truces in several of these wars, with the final war resulting in British burning of

1070:. The Asantehene directed the Asante to not resist the British advance, as he feared reprisals from Britain if the expedition turned violent. Shortly thereafter, Governor 1873:

cannot be executed because of the absence of responsible intent – except for murder or cursing the King; in the case of cursing the king, drunkenness is a valid defense.

9406: 7209: 6173: 1137: 459: 445: 588:, the Asante Empire has been extensively studied and has more historic records written by European, primarily British, authors than any other indigenous culture of 4182: 1483:

or paramount chief. Each of these paramount chiefs served as principal rulers of their own states, where they exerted executive, legislative and judicial powers.

4830: 920:. The newly declared Ashanti union subsequently waged war against and defeated Denkyira. The stool remains sacred to the Asante as it is believed to contain the 1422: 1139: 9436: 9431: 2434:

The Asante traditional buildings are the only remnants of Asante architecture. Construction and design consisted of a timber framework filled up with clay and

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was named after the alternative name 'Ashanti empire'. This is because women had power and influence there, and her mother wanted her to follow that model.

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Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee, with a statistical account of that kingdom, and geographical notices of other parts of the interior of Africa

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and witchcraft receive death but not by decapitation, for their blood must not be shed. They receive execution by strangling, burning, or drowning.

9337: 7224: 7219: 7202: 5506: 7254: 6093: 1116:. the Asante kingdom was restored to self-rule on 31 January 1935. Asante King Prempeh II was restored in 1957, and the Asante kingdom entered a 3590: 2967:, a particular female line provides the chief. A committee of several men eligible for the post elects the chief. The typical Asante family was 3114:. Menstruating women lived in special houses during their periods as they were forbidden to cross the threshold of men's houses. They swore no 3020:

Education in the Asante Kingdom was conducted by Asante and imported scholars and Asante people would often attend schools in Europe for their

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of the Asante recalled the spirits of departed rulers with an offering of food and drink, asking their favour for the common good, called the

6274: 4147: 1206: 1131: 7244: 4625: 4587: 3962: 1109:. In the end, the British were victorious; they exiled Asantewaa and other Asante leaders to the Seychelles to join Asante King Prempeh I. 1446: 962:

followed an expansionist and an imperialistic provincial foreign policy. According to folklore, Okomfo Anokye is believed to have visited

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broadcast the approaching ceremonies. The stool treasurer gathers sheep and liquor that will be offered. The chief priest officiates the

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As an aside, Prempeh was banished to the Seychelles. Years later, B-P founded the Boy Scouts, and Prempeh became Chief Scout of Asante.

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in the form of toilets that were flushed with gallons of boiling water. Bowdich revealed in his 1817 account that all streets of Kumasi

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on 26 September 1901. Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh was deposed and arrested, and he and other Asante leaders were sent into exile in the

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The Asante armies served the empire well, supporting its long period of expansion and subsequent resistance to European colonization.

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The Asante Empire was made up of metropolitan and provincial states. The metropolitan states were made up of Asante citizens known as

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only for females. Fathers instruct their sons without public observance. The privacy of boys was respected in the Asante kingdom. As

1105:, Queen-Mother of Ejisu. From March 28 to late September 1900, the Asante and British were engaged in what would become known as the 98: 2529:

ordered proper bridges to be built across streams in the metropolitan area of Kumase. Thomas Freeman described the construction as:

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Standing among families was largely political. The royal family typically topped the hierarchy, followed by the families of the

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inherited his position from his queen mother, and he was assisted at the capital, Kumasi, by a civil service of men talented in

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secretaries were there to take notes of the transactions of the day." Wilks adds that such transcripts have not survived today.

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empire looking to expand its borders. Newly conquered areas had the option of joining the empire or becoming tributary states.

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The modern-day Asante claim that slaves were seldom abused, and that a person who abused a slave was held in high contempt by

2346:. Bowdich documented in the early nineteenth century about the "trial of Apea Nyano" on 8 July 1817 where he states that "the 1961:

sanctions. The link between mother and child centres the entire network, which includes ancestors and fellow men as well. Its

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Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 36

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the political process in the empire. The council of elders undertook actions only after consulting a representative of the

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contains a selected list of Internet sources on the topic, especially sites that serve as comprehensive lists or gateways

4669:"The Fanti Confederacy 1865–69: An Enquiry Into the Origins, Nature and Extent of an Early West African Protest Movement" 3465: 1251:. He was obliged to share considerable legislative and executive powers with Asante's sophisticated bureaucracy. But the 1133: 1132: 662:

and keeping his skull as a gold-rimmed drinking cup in 1824. British forces later burnt and sacked the Asante capital of

3258:. The welfare of their slaves varied from being able to acquire wealth and intermarry with the master's family to being 1479:. The provincial states were other kingdoms absorbed into the empire. Every metropolitan Asante state was headed by the 9218: 8218: 5163:

Kea, R. A. (1971). "Firearms and Warfare on the Gold and Slave Coasts from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries".

3854: 3437: 2219:. Fields are left fallow for a couple years, usually after two to four years of cultivation. Plants cultivated include 17: 7862: 6401: 5885: 5821: 5772: 5711: 5687: 5662: 5637: 5618: 5386: 4601: 4456: 4375: 3752: 3604: 3332: 2862:

were sent against the Asante. This was a modern war, replete with press coverage (including by the renowned reporter

2454:

which housed the tombs of several Asante leaders. Generally, houses whether designed for human habitation or for the

1912:. One who invokes another to commit such an act must pay a heavy indemnity. Practitioners of harmful (evil) forms of 1699: 1677: 3274:

and status This favoured arrangement occurred primarily because of what some men considered their conflict with the

2442:, but there have been many other buildings in the past with the same architectural style. These buildings served as 1919:

Ordinarily, families or lineages settle disputes between individuals. Nevertheless, such disputes can be brought to

1670: 6758: 5891: 3470: 2767: 1908:

Cursing the King, calling down powers to harm the King, is considered an unspeakable act and carries the weight of

1185: 706:

Kente cloth, the traditional garment worn by Asante royalty, has been widely adopted throughout the Asante kingdom.

889:

but in the mid-17th century the Oyoko under Chief Oti Akenten started consolidating the Asante clans into a loose

9391: 9386: 8844: 2026:

covered the northern part of the state. The Guinea Savanna consists of short deciduous and fire resistant trees.

8006: 1462:

This institution assisted the Asantehene and served as an advisory body to the king. The council was made up of

1011:

entered Kumasi. He remained there for several months, was impressed, and on his return to England wrote a book,

733:

The variant name "Ashanti" comes from British reports transcribing "Asante" as the British heard it pronounced,

5793: 4639: 4540: 3320: 2766:

In 1814 the Asante launched an invasion of the Gold Coast, largely to gain access to European traders. In the

9282: 2640: 2517:

was usually stretched across the river to assist the traveller. In response to the delivery of a carriage by

2023: 1792:

fails to punish such acts, he invokes the anger of the ancestors and the gods, and is therefore in danger of

1260: 631:. The economy of the Asante Empire was mainly based on the trade of gold and agricultural exports as well as 573: 6179: 5989: 3239:—of which both the living and the dead share—a new year begins in which all are clean, strong, and healthy. 1612:

power, including the ability to make judgments of life and death on his subjects. However, he did not enjoy

9277: 9161: 7656: 6286: 6221: 6214: 6122: 6117: 5934: 5903: 3073:

in their daily society. The symbols were used as a form of decoration, logos, arts, sculpture and pottery.

2979:

whiles the husband had some legal rights over his wife such as the right to cut off her nose for adultery.

2925: 2215:

The Asante prepared the fields by burning before the onset of the rainy season and cultivated with an iron

2143: 1282: 585: 577: 221: 92: 9416: 9287: 8324: 5880: 4680: 4538:

McCaskie, T. C. (1986). "Komfo Anokye of Asante: Meaning, History and Philosophy in an African Society".

3423:, the Ashanti Empire appears as one of many historical nations that players can play as or interact with. 5482:"Art of the Asante Kingdom | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History" 4228:

Aidoo, Agnes A. (1977). "Order and Conflict in the Asante Empire: A Study in Interest Group Relations".

646:

The Asante Empire fought several wars with neighboring kingdoms and lesser organized groups such as the

7385: 7166: 6746: 6112: 5629: 3744: 3596: 2471: 9245: 8393: 7957: 6577: 6416: 6161: 2153: 671: 243: 5673: 5507:"Ghana artifacts that were looted 150 years ago by British forces have been returned by a US museum" 3298:"the return of our souls" and activists hope that eventually all of the artifacts will be returned. 3039:, so the ritual funerals typically given to the deceased Asante are not as lavish for the children. 2398:. The Asante controlled over 250,000 square kilometers while ruling approximately 3 million people. 1796:. The penalty for some crimes (sins) is death, but this is seldom imposed; a more common penalty is 678:, Ghana's only natural lake. The state's current economic revenue is derived mainly from trading in 9203: 9178: 9028: 8687: 8682: 7269: 7134: 6156: 6127: 3495: 2909: 2899: 1664: 1232: 5405: 9426: 9381: 9376: 9270: 9151: 8692: 8645: 8588: 8287: 8231: 7979: 7369: 7156: 6052: 5927: 5909: 3586: 3181: 3081: 2627:, and to suppress rebellion. For most of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Asante 1837: 1805: 1526: 1136: 1106: 1063: 726:

meaning "because of". This name comes from the Asante's origin as a kingdom created to fight the

6269: 4476: 3959: 3822:

A fistful of shells : West Africa from the rise of the slave trade to the age of revolution

850: 9292: 9193: 9188: 8876: 8824: 8744: 8677: 8581: 8566: 8459: 8226: 8180: 8021: 7908: 7640: 7630: 7625: 6957: 4284: 3404: 3248: 2913: 1950: 1681: 1165:. All villages were then grouped together to form divisions headed by a divisional head called 1082: 1071: 640: 477: 299: 3708: 3623:

Arhin, Kwame (1990). "Trade, Accumulation and the State in Asante in the Nineteenth Century".

2382:." Wilks argues the tsetse fly nullified the extensive use of horses to speed communications. 946:

via diplomacy and warfare. King Osei Kofi Tutu I and his chief advisor, Okomfo Kwame Frimpong

108: 9223: 9183: 8996: 8871: 7935: 7925: 7884: 7855: 7161: 7064: 6722: 5584: 5453: 4967: 4739:"A View From the Periphery: A Re-Assessment of Asante-Dagbamba Relations in the 18th Century" 4416: 4088: 3556: 3409: 3002: 2743: 2661: 2411: 2209: 2185: 1392: 1093:

was permanently placed in the city of Kumasi, and soon after a British fort was built there.

1008: 817: 793: 773: 9111: 6042: 2286:, a favourite drink; and made use of the oil from palm for many culinary and domestic uses. 1639: 1240:

system of appointing central officials according to their ability, rather than their birth.

1157:

The Asante state was a centralized state made up of a hierarchy of heads starting from the "

9316: 9146: 9116: 8991: 8922: 8893: 8812: 8146: 7984: 7974: 7711: 7635: 7457: 7442: 6570: 6483: 6409: 5979: 4583: 3255: 2863: 2798: 2518: 2367: 2314:. They drummed messages to distances of over 300 kilometres (200 mi), as rapidly as a 2264: 1214: 1113: 954:

who held the Asante kingdom in its thrall. The Asante kingdom utterly defeated them at the

797: 632: 611: 173: 9096: 5852: 5837: 1333:. Their views were taken seriously as they participated in decision-making in the empire. 8: 9008: 8888: 8854: 8756: 8576: 8571: 8383: 8102: 8038: 7913: 7898: 7813: 7301: 6763: 6647: 6440: 6209: 6081: 6007: 5876: 5654: 5481: 5401: 3420: 3396: 3307: 2374:. The chief of these messengers "rode on a strong Asante pony, with an Arabic or Moorish 1302: 1177:. Finally, all Asante states formed the Asante Empire with the Asantehene as their king. 54: 8724: 8714: 3996: 2746:, in which the Asante were victorious under Asantehene Osei Bonsu ("Bonsu, the whale"). 1169:. The various divisions were politically grouped to form a state which was headed by an 9121: 9101: 9084: 9035: 8900: 8709: 8660: 8593: 8511: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8398: 8368: 8260: 8158: 8026: 8001: 7620: 7512: 7492: 7437: 6204: 6076: 6047: 5871: 5870:

at the Ethnographic Atlas, maintained at Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing,

5266: 5232: 5196: 5188: 5021: 4847: 4758: 4692: 4565: 4557: 4309: 4301: 4261: 4253: 4210: 3648: 3640: 3480: 3446: 3428: 3383: 2806: 2789: 2779: 2682: 2671: 2220: 1932: 1902: 1874: 1841: 1809: 1762: 1256: 1040: 1015:. His praise of the kingdom was disbelieved as it contradicted prevailing prejudices. 757: 655: 589: 7029: 6431: 2904:

In 1895, the Asante turned down an unofficial offer to become a British protectorate.

950:

led a coalition of influential Asante city-states against their mutual oppressor, the

9230: 9126: 9062: 9057: 8986: 8883: 8598: 8526: 8521: 8363: 8292: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8065: 8016: 7733: 7589: 7578: 7462: 7452: 7112: 6505: 6367: 6037: 6017: 5847: 5817: 5789: 5768: 5743: 5727: 5707: 5683: 5658: 5633: 5614: 5533: 5382: 5200: 5180: 4949: 4750: 4700: 4684: 4635: 4617: 4597: 4569: 4482: 4452: 4422: 4371: 4313: 4265: 4245: 4214: 4202: 4092: 3911: 3850: 3825: 3748: 3734: 3714: 3652: 3600: 3562: 3432:, the Ashanti Empire is one of the many nations that players can play or interact as. 2877: 2815: 2583: 2294: 2181: 2131: 2127: 1565:

of the Asantehene, the Queen mother as well as the state chiefs and their ministers.

1248: 1004: 955: 769: 765: 752:

migrated into the forest belt of Southern Ghana and established several Akan states:

667: 647: 233: 157: 7395: 7139: 7103: 3118:

and no oaths were sworn for or against them. They did not participate in any of the

2085:

which became the national emblem of the state, as well as about thirty multipurpose

1784:. Antisocial acts disrespect the ancestors, and are only secondarily harmful to the 979:, Osei Tutu's successor, extended the borders, embracing much of Ghana's territory. 9079: 8866: 8861: 8817: 8804: 8734: 8702: 8697: 8561: 8556: 8538: 8499: 8432: 8415: 8356: 8346: 8341: 8282: 8238: 8208: 8168: 8151: 8134: 8097: 7848: 7482: 7472: 7467: 7336: 7283: 7151: 7098: 7036: 6824: 6734: 6032: 5172: 4939: 4839: 4631: 4593: 4549: 4398: 4293: 4237: 4194: 3632: 3490: 3363: 3021: 2831: 2755: 2343: 2049:

or food rich wildlife and animal species encountered in the Asante Empire were the

2019: 2006:

The Asante Empire was one of a series of states along the coast including Dahomey,

1592:

The Elders then presented the nomination to the assembled people. If the assembled

1556:

also acted as the Supreme Judge of their jurisdiction, presiding over court cases.

1306: 1090: 939: 628: 197: 6879: 6690: 5703:

Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order

5016:

Joseline Donkoh, Wilhelmina (2004). "Kumasi: Ambience of Urbanity and Modernity".

4148:"Historical Reminisciences: Great Empires Of Yore (Part 15) By Mike Ozekhome, SAN" 2458:, consisted of four separate rectangular single-room buildings set around an open 1869:

is accidental, the murderer pays compensation to the lineage of the deceased. The

908:

Osei Tutu I and floated down from the heavens into the lap of Osei Tutu I. Okomfo

9297: 9265: 9138: 9106: 9089: 9045: 9040: 9018: 9013: 8971: 8964: 8939: 8799: 8794: 8635: 8516: 8410: 8405: 8373: 8198: 8188: 8082: 8075: 8070: 8055: 8011: 7893: 7879: 7594: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7119: 7093: 7057: 6982: 6698: 5811: 5783: 5751: 5701: 5679: 5648: 5608: 5558: 5414: 5379:

A History of Indigenous Slavery in Ghana : from the 15th to the 19th century

5273: 4446: 4365: 4327: 4063: 3984: 3966: 3679: 3259: 3155: 3134: 3070: 3064: 2968: 2628: 2554: 2415: 2342:

have exceeded several thousands." Writing was also used in record keeping during

2224: 2027: 1882: 1275: 1117: 870: 8719: 7088: 5265:

by Robert Baden-Powell, 1896, the American edition is available for download at

4828:

Adjaye, Joseph K. (1985). "Indigenous African Diplomacy: An Asante Case Study".

4053: 3977: 2362:. For Wilks, evidence exists on the use of mounted couriers during the reign of 1027: 9240: 9235: 9198: 9173: 9156: 9067: 9052: 9023: 8981: 8829: 8789: 8784: 8739: 8665: 8625: 8615: 8605: 8420: 8299: 8193: 8060: 7942: 7775: 7771: 7615: 7279: 7144: 7071: 7043: 7022: 6989: 6968: 6962: 6889: 6869: 6801: 6794: 6770: 6710: 6671: 6549: 6544: 6257: 6166: 6027: 5984: 5950: 5604: 4478:

Asante Catholicism; Religious and Cultural Reproduction among the Akan of Ghana

4442: 4418:

Asante Catholicism; Religious and Cultural Reproduction among the Akan of Ghana

3794: 3704: 3558:

Asante Catholicism: Religious and Cultural Reproduction Among the Akan of Ghana

3275: 3048: 2882: 2616: 2612: 2477: 2319: 1821: 1625: 1383: 1326: 1190: 988: 881:, settled in the Asante's sub-tropical forest region, establishing a centre at 785: 753: 670:

in union with the Republic of Ghana. The current king of the Asante kingdom is

651: 624: 620: 561: 325: 230: 146: 74: 31: 6814: 5176: 4704: 4553: 4198: 2018:

surpluses. The southern part of the Asante Empire was covered with moist semi-

1259:

in cases of crime. During wartime, the King acted as Supreme Commander of the

9370: 9352: 9339: 9321: 9208: 9003: 8976: 8949: 8927: 8905: 8672: 8655: 8640: 8484: 8437: 8425: 8351: 8243: 8117: 8112: 8087: 7969: 7830: 7694: 7582: 7566: 7477: 7447: 7390: 7357: 7341: 7083: 6919: 6904: 6874: 6839: 6834: 6819: 6663: 6654: 6466: 6250: 6245: 6098: 5184: 4953: 4754: 4688: 4627:

The Early State in African Perspective: Culture, Power, and Division of Labor

4249: 4206: 3847:

Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism

3485: 3343: 3202: 3170: 3032: 2960: 2946: 2931: 2859: 2722: 2674:

and 7-pounder guns" While actual forces deployed in the field were less than

2650: 2603: 2595: 2481: 2371: 2327: 2323: 2162: 2066: 1996: 1801: 1754: 1613: 1518: 1412: 1102: 1016: 959: 890: 675: 607: 257:

Asante Kotoko (Council of Kumasi) and the Asantemanhyiamu (National Assembly)

169: 8749: 8729: 2204: 9213: 8954: 8944: 8910: 8839: 8834: 8761: 8551: 8533: 8494: 8489: 8469: 8464: 8336: 8329: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8203: 8141: 8122: 8107: 8043: 7738: 7728: 7699: 7689: 7679: 7550: 7127: 7005: 6996: 6929: 6924: 6864: 6808: 6510: 6500: 6471: 6461: 6451: 6375: 6012: 5755: 5650:

The Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred-Year War For Africa's Gold Coast

4621: 3475: 3378: 3339: 3324: 3151: 3111: 3094: 3090: 3043: 3007: 2739: 2395: 2359: 2307: 2236: 2193: 2123: 2106: 2034:

and streams of the savanna zone. Soils in Asante were mainly of two types;

1513: 1237: 1048: 976: 897: 854: 823:

Asante had a flourishing trade with other African states due to the Asante

809: 236: 5919: 4928:"The symbolic significance of motifs on selected Asante religious temples" 3161: 2370:

documented the arrival of a party of messengers sent by the Asantehene to

1829: 1403:...an immense building of a variety of oblong courts and regular squares 8932: 8917: 8766: 8479: 8388: 8378: 8304: 7952: 7947: 7753: 7721: 7599: 7573: 7561: 7529: 7487: 6939: 6884: 6849: 6715: 6641: 6624: 6593: 6527: 6493: 6436: 6432: 6311: 6306: 6301: 4944: 4927: 3824:(Kindle-Version ed.). London: Penguin Books Ltd. pp. 108, 247. 3328: 3051:

are greatly honored because three is regarded as a lucky number. Special

2988: 2972: 2836: 2526: 2498: 2489: 2363: 2130:

and Krakye. By 1816, the Asante had absorbed coastal states such as the

2102: 2098: 2031: 2015: 1928: 1920: 1793: 1635: 1593: 1404: 1352: 1322: 1295: 1198: 1181: 943: 749: 691: 565: 553: 520: 411: 403: 339: 322: 122: 5765:

Le royaume asante (Ghana): parenté, pouvoir, histoire, XVIIe–XXe siècles

5591:. Vol. 102, no. 2. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 58–61. 5025: 4762: 4738: 4696: 4668: 3399:, along with being characters in video games with origins from the area 1820:; they are regulated in such a way that they should not be mistaken for 1361: 8959: 8776: 8650: 8610: 8543: 7760: 7274: 6894: 6727: 6678: 6608: 6534: 6341: 6104: 5966: 5697: 4305: 3884: 3644: 3518:

Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred Year War for Africa's Gold Coast

3415: 3349: 3236: 2881:

In January 1896, the British formally annexed the Asante empire to the

2451: 2315: 2303: 2216: 2173: 2158: 2097:

Between 1700 and 1715, Osei Tutu I conquered the neighboring states of

2074: 2050: 2011: 1987: 1958: 1913: 1773: 1210: 1086: 1078: 1059: 991:

coast region of Africa began in the 15th century. This led to trade in

829: 683: 537: 5192: 4851: 4561: 4257: 3306:

The Asante Empire has been depicted in a number of different works of

2941: 2826: 2406: 8849: 8620: 8504: 8474: 8255: 8129: 7920: 7554: 7421: 6914: 6336: 6331: 4901: 3935: 3232: 3211: 3147: 3031:. A child is harmless and there is no worry for the control of their 2645: 2624: 2620: 2571: 2506: 2459: 2435: 2311: 2279: 2268: 2082: 1966: 1962: 1940: 1785: 1769: 1609: 1598: 1387: 1346: 1317:

political power, Asante instituted an organization of young men, the

1310: 1052: 963: 596: 209: 4297: 3636: 2710: 2109:

who succeeded Osei Tutu, led the integration of Akan states such as

1112:

In January 1902, Britain finally designated the Asante kingdom as a

8250: 8033: 7991: 7930: 7765: 7545: 7331: 6899: 6751: 6703: 6659: 6617: 6539: 6346: 6296: 6291: 4843: 4397:

Arhin, Kwame, "The Political and Military Roles of Akan Women", in

4241: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3271: 3197: 3143: 3119: 3107: 2964: 2687: 2575: 2514: 2494: 2354: 2177: 2110: 1992: 1954: 1890: 1870: 1866: 1605: 1586: 1574: 1463: 1314: 951: 886: 727: 687: 679: 616: 450: 286: 4926:

Asante, Eric Appau; Kquofi, Steve; Larbi, Stephen (January 2015).

3085:

An Asante fetish temple in the village of Jufu by the 19th century

2263:. Manioc and corn are New World transplants introduced during the 1729: 8163: 8092: 8048: 7903: 7797: 7748: 7416: 6934: 6775: 6683: 6613: 6522: 5838:

the Ashanti Kingdom Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia

3267: 3036: 3028: 2976: 2522: 2450:

as well as houses for the affluent. The Asante Empire also built

2347: 2335: 2272: 2228: 2039: 1969:, which favours harmony among the people. The rules were made by 1936: 1894: 1852: 1833: 1825: 1817: 1812:. These commuted sentences by King and chiefs sometimes occur by 1630: 1000: 464: 7964: 5747: 5585:"Ashanti: New singer reigns as music's princess of hip-hop soul" 4049: 4047: 3885:"Asante – The People Of A Wealthy Gold-Rich Empire – BlackFaces" 3761: 3106:

punishment is not exacted, the Asante believe, the ghost of the

2484:

throughout the empire was maintained via a network of well-kept

2366:

around the Metropolitan districts. He cites a case In 1841 when

1081:

the territories of the Asante and the Fanti and constituted the

916:) and allegiance was sworn to the stool and to Osei Tutu as the 30:"Ashanti Empire" redirects here. For the modern-day region, see 7996: 7871: 7716: 7706: 7661: 7400: 6739: 6667: 6488: 6478: 6316: 6132: 3528: 3526: 3444:

The Ashanti Empire appears as a playable minor civilization in

3281: 3228: 3219: 3166: 3123: 3052: 2591: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2427: 2379: 2375: 2256: 2252: 2240: 2189: 2070: 2035: 1944: 1878: 1859: 1848: 1813: 1194: 1158: 1044: 1032: 947: 922: 909: 882: 801: 781: 663: 556:

state that lasted from 1701 to 1901, in what is now modern-day

136: 6562: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 1313:

tendency in Asante political life. Though older men tended to

1129: 1055:

came to rely on British protection against Asante incursions.

8630: 7684: 7362: 6909: 6859: 6854: 6844: 6829: 6456: 6321: 4044: 2587: 2567: 2455: 2391: 2260: 2248: 2232: 2118: 2114: 2090: 2086: 2054: 2046: 2007: 1924: 1909: 1898: 1862: 1797: 1777: 1522: 1367:

Manhyia Palace. Current official residence of the Asantehene.

1031:

English officers selecting quarters in the chief's palace at

996: 935: 878: 866: 833: 813: 805: 789: 777: 761: 702: 636: 557: 516: 491: 126: 78: 4282:

Prussin, Labelle (1980). "Traditional Asante Architecture".

3932:"Ashanti Empire/ Asante Kingdom (18th to late 19th century)" 3523: 2275:(manioc), after a two-year growth, provides a starchy root. 2208:

Asante yam ceremony in the Asante Kingdom, 19th century, by

2168:

The lands within the Asante Kingdom were also rich in river-

912:

declared the stool to be symbolic of the new Ashanti Union (

5441:

Ashanti Proverbs: (the primitive ethics of a savage people)

5381:. Legon, Accra, Ghana: Sub-Saharan Publishers. p. 23. 3535: 3115: 2794: 2485: 2438:

with sheaves of leaves. The surviving designated sites are

2283: 2244: 2169: 2078: 2062: 2058: 2000: 1886: 1789: 1582: 1202: 992: 824: 569: 524: 395: 7840: 5407:

The Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa

3512: 3510: 3279:

slave girl or pawn wife in marriage, as she would have no

1608:

with much spectacle and celebration. He reigned with much

1062:

with an expeditionary force to start what is known as the

6975: 6262: 4796: 4794: 4792: 3338:

It was later adapted into an opera in 2007 by the author

2422: 1976: 1931:

is the sentencing court, for only the King can order the

1781: 1604:

This elected and enstooled King enjoyed a great majestic

715: 151: 4823: 4821: 2525:

across water bodies for transport that year. Asantehene

2042:

ochrosols were confined to northern part of the empire.

865:

Asante political organization was originally centred on

737:. The hyphenation was subsequently dropped and the name 5843:

UC San Diego - Asante Language Program - Directed Study

4831:

The International Journal of African Historical Studies

4743:

The International Journal of African Historical Studies

4616: 4076:

Africa in World History: From Prehistory to the Present

3507: 3395:

The Asante Empire has been depicted in some historical

3382:

episodes "Static in Africa" and "Out of Africa", where

3042:

The Asante adored twins when they were born within the

2501:. Stationed at various points of Asante roads were the 1965:

emphasizes the Asante conception of rectitude and good

1881:

within the female or male line, and intercourse with a

885:. The Asante became tributaries of another Akan state, 5428:

The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery, Volume 1

5360: 5358: 5107: 5105: 4789: 3849:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 281. 3710:

West Africa before the Colonial Era: A History to 1850

3625:

Africa: Journal of the International African Institute

3331:, from when he and his cousin Kwame Poku were sent to 1979:) and the ancestors, and one must behave accordingly. 1601:

himself and his life for the betterment of the state.

1255:

was the only person in Asante permitted to invoke the

4818: 1180:

The Asante government was built upon a sophisticated

5267:

http://www.thedump.scoutscan.com/dumpinventorybp.php

3870: 3868: 3866: 2038:

ochrosols in the southern part of Asante whilst the

1939:, a special witness is called to provide additional 1120:

with Ghana on independence from the United Kingdom.

5583:Clarence Waldron; et al., eds. (1 July 2002). 5355: 5313:"The Daily Advertiser - Google News Archive Search" 5102: 4370:. K4 Series Investment Ventures. pp. 205–206. 2801:

under the command of Col. Sutherland, July 11, 1824

1624:Kings of the Asante Empire who violated any of the 1096: 748:Between the 10th and 12th centuries AD, the ethnic 595:Starting in the late 17th century, the Asante king 9407:1935 establishments in Gold Coast (British colony) 5848:BBC News | Africa | Funeral rites for Ashanti king 5740:The Drums of Kumasi: the story of the Ashanti wars 5225: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 3352:'s protagonist Amari comes from the Asante Empire. 1776:-legal postulates. What the modern state views as 1386:built in 1925 by the British and presented to the 1355:at the time of the Third Anglo-Ashanti War in 1874 714:means "because of war". The word derives from the 4925: 4521: 4519: 4363: 3863: 3218:in the stool house where the ancestors came. The 9368: 5582: 4320: 3899: 1247:held immense power in Asante, but did not enjoy 541: 46: 5018:Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 5015: 4769: 4673:Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 2602:. In the metropolitan areas of Asante, several 1957:, and it provides the principal foundation for 1828:to the state, which for the most part welcomes 1382:The current residence of the Asantehene is the 1230:At the top of Asante's power structure sat the 1123: 27:Former Akan empire centred on present-day Ghana 7294: 5097:Wars of Imperial Conquest in Africa: 1830–1914 4582: 4516: 4441: 4277: 4275: 4041:, New York: St. Martin's, 1995 (1989), p. 194. 4033: 4031: 2271:crops could be harvested twice a year and the 1893:with any of the wives of a chief or the King. 9437:States and territories disestablished in 1957 9432:States and territories disestablished in 1902 7856: 6578: 6417: 5935: 5454:"Marraige [sic] and Divorce-T.E Kyei" 4367:Concise Notes on African and Ghanaian History 3618: 3616: 1927:oath of a chief or the King. In the end, the 9313:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 5624:Collins, Robert O.; Burns, James M. (2007). 5623: 5099:, Indiana University Press, 1998, pp. 16–37. 4800: 4470: 4468: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3142:Sickness and death were major events in the 3076: 2558:Akofena, ceremonial sword used by the Asante 2180:, and the Asante were soon trading with the 1735:Ruins in the late 19th or early 20th century 1067: 5949: 5486:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 4451:. Princeton University Press. p. 112. 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4272: 4028: 3908:The Fante and the transatlantic slave trade 3813: 2893: 2821: 2761: 1373:Former and current residences of Asantehene 741:remained, with various spellings including 564:to include most of Ghana and also parts of 9447:States and territories established in 1935 9442:States and territories established in 1670 7863: 7849: 7235:Rulers of the Akan state of Assin Atadanso 7230:Rulers of the Akan state of Assin Apimenem 6585: 6571: 6424: 6410: 5942: 5928: 5531: 5156: 4589:Ideology and the Formation of Early States 3613: 2848: 2784: 2521:in 1841, the Asante Empire began to build 1748:to 35 meters long by 14 to 15 meters wide. 1146: 1013:Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee 627:coastal trade with Europeans, notably the 107: 7240:Rulers of the Akan state of Bono-Tekyiman 7198:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Anafo 7193:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Okere 5767:. Paris: KARTHALA Editions. p. 582. 4943: 4465: 3659: 3313: 3154:cause of the illness and treated it with 2997: 2830:An Asante force engaged with the British 1742: 1700:Learn how and when to remove this message 610:established the Asante Kingdom, with the 361:259,000 km (100,000 sq mi) 7225:Rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Kotoku 7220:Rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Bosume 7203:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Guan 5879:at the Wonders of the African World, at 5813:State and Society in Pre-colonial Asante 5809: 5781: 5762: 5646: 5364: 5349: 5337: 5150: 5074: 4991: 4812: 4666: 4537: 4348: 4329:The Monthly Review, Or, Literary Journal 4133: 4129: 4127: 4125: 3930:MARIAQuintana, Maria (11 January 2010), 3781: 3703: 3335:in 1837 to receive a European education. 3310:, detailing the structure of the empire 3160: 3133: 3080: 3001: 2940: 2876: 2825: 2788: 2709: 2681: 2644: 2553: 2421: 2410:Picture of Asante architecture drawn by 2405: 2293: 2203: 2152: 1986: 1663:This section includes a list of general 1512: 1496:Benkumhene, Adontenhene and Kyidomhene. 1026: 987:European contact with the Asante on the 849: 701: 697: 650:. The Asante held their own against the 9137: 7255:Rulers of the Akan state of Manya Krobo 6128:Owabi Forest Reserve and Bird Sanctuary 5671: 5532:Mendelsohn, Daniel (27 November 2000). 4724: 4654: 4281: 4180: 4087: 3733: 3376:The Asante Empire is referenced in the 3129: 1205:. Scholars of Ashanti history, such as 942:, began another rapid consolidation of 311:• Self-rule within British colony 14: 9369: 5706:. Cambridge University Press Archive. 4827: 4145: 3844: 3838: 3740:A History of African Societies to 1870 3585: 2919: 2686:An Asante captain depicted in an 1820 2544: 1153:Political systems of the Asante Empire 926:— spirit or soul of the Asante people. 7844: 6566: 6405: 5923: 5737: 5696: 5376: 5062: 5050: 5038: 5003: 4968:"Ghana Museums & Monuments Board" 4888: 4876: 4864: 4525: 4510: 4474: 4414: 4342: 4227: 4122: 3819: 3622: 3554: 3301: 3231:of ancestors and the gods. After the 2773: 2705: 2014:. The Asante had mountains and large 1865:, intent must be established. If the 6174:Ashanti parliamentary constituencies 5900:Web dossier about the Asante Kingdom 5479: 4736: 3592:Africans: The History of a Continent 3461:African military systems (1800–1900) 2598:; all of whom were appointed by the 2426:Palace of King Kwaku Dua of Kumasi, 1772:. It invokes religious, rather than 1765:constitution of the Ashanti Empire. 1649: 1457: 1089:. The Asante Union was dissolved. A 1039:From 1824 till 1899 there were five 1022: 745:common into the early 20th century. 674:. The Asante kingdom is the home to 639:work and trade with markets further 7188:Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem 6023:1733 slave insurrection on St. John 5785:History of Ghana: Since Pre-history 5480:Bortolot, Authors: Alexander Ives. 5162: 4932:Journal of Aesthetics & Culture 4025:, London: Panther, 1964, pp. 21–24. 3905: 3680:"Osei Tutu | king of Asante empire" 3466:African military systems after 1900 2732: 2594:were employed in the Asante empire 2534:from fourth to six inches thick.... 1768:The Asante state, in effect, was a 1058:In December 1895, the British left 982: 619:, giving the Ashanti access to the 24: 7250:Rulers of the Akan state of Dwaben 5132:from the original on 13 March 2016 4181:Tordoff, William (November 1962). 4101:from the original on 25 March 2016 3323:(1997) is based on the memoirs of 3122:observances and did not visit any 3058: 2963:of territorial divisions. In each 1840:tend to be far more frequent than 1759:Seventy-Seven Laws of Komfo Anokye 1669:it lacks sufficient corresponding 1007:. On May 15, 1817, the Englishman 969: 25: 9458: 7265:Rulers of the Fante Confederation 6113:Bobiri Forest Butterfly Sanctuary 5863:Asante Catholicism at Googlebooks 5831: 5124:The Newfoundlander - Dec 16, 1873 4003:from the original on 3 March 2016 3874:Collins and Burns (2007), p. 139. 3772:Collins and Burns (2007), p. 140. 2623:to the Asantehene, as sources of 2465: 1757:was responsible for creating the 1559: 1220: 9412:1957 disestablishments in Africa 9402:1902 disestablishments in Africa 7825: 7824: 7210:Rulers of Akwamu and Twifo-Heman 6391: 6390: 5319:from the original on 13 May 2016 4586:; Oosten, Jarich Gerlof (1996). 4405:, London: Allen and Unwin, 1983. 3997:"Ghana - THE PRECOLONIAL PERIOD" 3471:African military systems to 1800 2488:from the Asante mainland to the 2289: 1728: 1716: 1654: 1445: 1433: 1421: 1360: 1345: 1097:Uprisings of 1900 and since 1935 496: 482: 457: 443: 183:Constitutional Elective Monarchy 91: 9422:Countries in precolonial Africa 6592: 5734:, New York: St. Martin's Press. 5626:A History of Sub-Saharan Africa 5598: 5576: 5551: 5525: 5499: 5473: 5464: 5446: 5433: 5420: 5395: 5370: 5343: 5331: 5305: 5296: 5287: 5278: 5256: 5247: 5238: 5216: 5207: 5144: 5114: 5089: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5009: 4997: 4985: 4960: 4919: 4894: 4882: 4870: 4858: 4806: 4730: 4718: 4660: 4648: 4610: 4576: 4531: 4504: 4495: 4435: 4408: 4391: 4336: 4221: 4174: 4165: 4146:Chioma, Unini (15 March 2020). 4139: 4113: 4081: 4068: 4015: 3989: 3971: 3953: 3941: 3924: 3877: 3820:Green, Toby (31 January 2019). 3787: 3775: 3438:Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag 3196:The greatest and most frequent 2945:Asante Kingdom family and city 2749: 2401: 1923:before a chief by uttering the 1804:. The King typically exacts or 1645: 1428:Odumata's Sleeping Room (1819). 1285:circumscribed the power of the 929: 672:Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Asantehene 658:, killing British army general 298:• Annexed to form British 5872:University of Kent, Canterbury 5857:Encyclopedia Britannica Online 5816:. Cambridge University Press. 5610:African Civilization Revisited 5439:Johann Gottlieb Christaller, 5165:The Journal of African History 4902:"Asante Traditional Buildings" 4541:The Journal of African History 4403:Female and Male in West Africa 4187:The Journal of African History 3910:. Rochester, NY. p. 237. 3727: 3697: 3579: 3532:Ashanti Order in Council 1901. 3390: 3321:The Two Hearts of Kwasi Boachi 3035:, the original purpose of all 2338:and ceremonial presentations. 2199: 1780:, Ashanti view practically as 1619: 606:– 1717) and his adviser 13: 1: 9397:1670 establishments in Africa 5805:– via Books.google.com. 5723:– via Books.google.com. 4387:– via Books.google.com. 4055:History of the Ashanti Empire 3555:Obeng, J. Pashington (1996). 3501: 3370: 3356: 3174: 3011: 2950: 2715: 2654: 2641:Military of the Asante Empire 2385: 2310:, and they also invented the 1897:or insults of a chief or the 1577:of Kings and the Asantehene ( 1298:, and demoted to a commoner. 1225: 1127: 934:In the 1670s the head of the 861:) in the Asante Kingdom, 1935 845: 654:in the first two of the five 600: 542: 47: 6759:Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans 6222:Economy of the Asante Empire 6215:Kumasi International Airport 6123:Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve 6118:Bomfobiri Wildlife Sanctuary 6088:Districts and Municipalities 5788:. Excellent Pub. and Print. 5647:Edgerton, Robert B. (2010). 5613:, Africa World Press, 1991, 5377:Perbi, Akosua Adoma (2004). 4906:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 4475:Obeng, J.Pashington (1996). 4415:Obeng, J.Pashington (1996). 3327:, the son of the Asantehene 2926:Culture of the Asante Empire 2148: 2144:Economy of the Asante Empire 1982: 1568: 1541: 1440:Piazza in the Palace (1819). 1336: 1309:of elders is evidence of an 1124:Territorial history timeline 7: 7870: 5893:The Story of Africa: Asante 4681:Historical Society of Ghana 3454: 3386:and his family visit Ghana. 3191: 2982: 2634: 1470: 1074:arrived in Kumasi as well. 1003:, and other goods with the 877:. One particular clan, the 10: 9463: 7772:Ashanti Empire (Asanteman) 7167:Akan Orthography Committee 6747:Afro-Dominicans (Dominica) 5782:Gadzekpo, Seth K. (2005). 5630:Cambridge University Press 4801:Collins & Burns (2007) 4667:Agbodeka, Francis (1964). 4364:Prince A. Kuffour (2015). 4183:"The Ashanti Confederacy1" 3960:Kings And Queens Of Asante 3745:Cambridge University Press 3713:. Routledge. p. 174. 3597:Cambridge University Press 3419:(2022), both developed by 3246: 3242: 3062: 2986: 2929: 2923: 2897: 2777: 2638: 2615:were used as the empire's 2472:Roads of the Asante Empire 2469: 2141: 2137: 1640:failed invasion of Dahomey 1499: 1150: 840: 29: 9306: 9258: 8775: 8179: 7878: 7822: 7806: 7790: 7672: 7649: 7608: 7538: 7525: 7430: 7409: 7378: 7350: 7324: 7317: 7175: 6948: 6786: 6633: 6601: 6447: 6388: 6360: 6241: 6234: 6200: 6193: 6162:Emperor-King Osei Tutu II 6152: 6145: 6072: 6065: 6000: 5965: 5958: 5763:Pescheux, Gérard (2003). 5678:. Westport, Connecticut: 5534:"Telltale Hearts - Nymag" 5458:Centre of African Studies 5177:10.1017/S002185370001063X 4554:10.1017/S0021853700036690 4199:10.1017/S0021853700003327 3077:Menstruation and impurity 2936: 2578:, with a head called the 2549: 2353:Before the 19th century, 1901:or the King also carried 1184:in Kumasi, with separate 828:European goods. When the 512: 422: 388: 384: 374: 370: 365: 358: 353: 349: 336: 319: 309: 296: 285:• Independence from 283: 273: 269: 261: 253: 249: 227: 215: 203: 193:• 1670–1717 (first) 191: 187: 179: 164: 142: 132: 118: 106: 88: 63: 41: 5810:McCaskie, T. C. (2003). 5086:Davidson (1991), p. 242. 4786:Davidson (1991), p. 240. 4618:Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah. 4292:(2): 57–65+78–82+85–87. 3496:List of rulers of Asante 3397:war strategy video games 2910:Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War 2900:Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War 2894:Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War 2822:Second Anglo-Ashanti War 2818:accepted as the border. 2768:Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War 2762:Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War 2302:The Asante invented the 2282:, maize and millet into 2157:Golden mask property of 1889:of a married woman, and 1824:, but are considered as 1579:King of Kings or emperor 1508: 1486: 896:The introduction of the 217:• 1931–1957 (last) 205:• 1888–1896 (13th) 113:Map of the Asante Empire 7215:Rulers of Akyem Abuakwa 7157:Adamorobe Sign Language 6371:(Ghana National Anthem) 6180:Governance and politics 6053:War of the Golden Stool 5914:Encyclopædia Britannica 5672:Gocking, Roger (2005). 5272:27 October 2016 at the 5263:The Downfall of Prepmeh 3845:Roeder, Philip (2007). 3684:Encyclopedia Britannica 3169:(okomfo) performing an 2849:Third Anglo-Ashanti War 2785:First Anglo-Ashanti War 2476:Infrastructure such as 2278:The Asante transformed 2265:Atlantic European trade 1953:establishes the Asante 1847:Asante are repulsed by 1684:more precise citations. 1527:War of the Golden Stool 1147:Government and politics 1107:War of the Golden Stool 1064:Third Anglo-Ashanti War 582:sophisticated hierarchy 560:. It expanded from the 9392:20th century in Africa 9387:19th century in Africa 6958:Central Tano languages 5990:Ashanti independentism 5904:African Studies Centre 4737:Haas, Karl J. (2017). 4501:Pescheux 2003, p. 449. 4481:. Vol. 1. BRILL. 4421:. Vol. 1. BRILL. 4230:African Studies Review 4089:Bowdich, Thomas Edward 3314:Literature and theatre 3292: 3249:Slavery in West Africa 3184: 3139: 3086: 3017: 2998:Education and children 2956: 2886: 2841: 2802: 2725: 2694: 2664: 2559: 2542: 2431: 2419: 2326:, the language of the 2299: 2212: 2165: 2003: 1743: 1530: 1410: 1305:organizations and the 1036: 893:against the Denkyira. 862: 707: 612:Golden Stool of Asante 572:. Due to the empire's 9283:Medieval great powers 7530:Ashantiland Peninsula 7162:Nanabin Sign Language 6625:Ashantiland Peninsula 6437:Ashantiland Peninsula 5426:Rodriguez, Junius P. 4097:. London: J. Murray. 3561:. BRILL. p. 20. 3410:Europa Universalis IV 3235:and feast of a black 3206:. The day before the 3164: 3137: 3084: 3063:Further information: 3005: 2944: 2880: 2829: 2792: 2713: 2685: 2648: 2557: 2531: 2425: 2412:Thomas Edward Bowdich 2409: 2297: 2207: 2156: 2089:species of trees and 2030:also occur along the 1990: 1761:which served as the 1516: 1401: 1393:Thomas Edward Bowdich 1030: 853: 705: 698:Etymology and origins 660:Sir Charles MacCarthy 548:), also known as the 229:• 1999–present ( 143:Common languages 9293:European colonialism 9278:Ancient great powers 7488:Fetu Afahye Festival 7458:Fancy Dress Festival 7443:Ashanti Yam Festival 5980:Ashanti protectorate 5742:. London: Longmans. 5738:Lloyd, Alan (1964). 5675:The History of Ghana 5655:Simon & Schuster 5413:10 June 2016 at the 4972:www.ghanamuseums.org 4945:10.3402/jac.v7.27006 4620:; Abitbol, Michael; 4584:Claessen, Henri J.M. 4332:. 1819. p. 291. 4171:Shillington, p. 195. 4037:Shillington, Kevin, 3516:Edgerton, Robert B. 3256:Atlantic slave trade 3130:Healthcare and death 2914:British protectorate 2864:Henry Morton Stanley 1529:against the British. 1274:swore fealty to the 1083:Ashanti Crown Colony 478:Ashanti Crown Colony 300:Ashanti Crown Colony 9349: / 9288:Modern great powers 7641:Western Ashantiland 7631:Eastern Ashantiland 7626:Central Ashantiland 7539:Geographic entities 7302:New Patriotic Party 6764:Antigua and Barbuda 6648:List of Akan people 6210:Boankra Inland Port 6008:Battle of Nsamankow 5896:— BBC World Service 5559:"Kwasi & Kwame" 5460:. 5 September 2013. 5443:, 1916, pp. 119–20. 5402:Alfred Burdon Ellis 5095:Vandervort, Bruce, 4803:, pp. 140–141. 4448:Ghana in Transition 4023:The Drums of Kumasi 3707:(29 October 2014). 3520:. Free Press, 1995. 3421:Paradox Interactive 3110:would strangle the 3102:(menstrual) songs. 2920:Culture and society 2872:Robert Baden-Powell 2631:remained powerful. 2545:Police and military 1951:Ancestor Veneration 1723:Pramakeseso in 1820 1452:Adum Street (1819). 1249:absolute royal rule 1215:checks and balances 914:the Ashanti Kingdom 275:• Established 9417:Autonomous regions 7513:Mmoaninko Festival 7493:Fofie Yam Festival 7438:Akwasidae Festival 7245:Rulers of Denkyira 6205:Economy of Ashanti 6157:Ashanti Asantehene 6048:Anglo-Ashanti wars 6043:Battle of Atakpamé 5728:Shillington, Kevin 5293:Lloyd, pp. 172–74. 5244:Lloyd, pp. 88–102. 5233:Anglo-Ashanti wars 5122:"News.google.com: 5111:Vandervort (1998). 5006:, p. 376–377. 4062:2012-04-13 at the 3983:2012-04-13 at the 3965:2012-10-30 at the 3906:Shumway, Rebecca. 3735:Isichei, Elizabeth 3481:Anglo-Ashanti wars 3447:Age of Empires III 3429:Crusader Kings III 3302:In popular culture 3185: 3140: 3087: 3018: 2957: 2887: 2842: 2807:Anglo-Ashanti wars 2803: 2780:Anglo-Ashanti wars 2774:Anglo-Ashanti Wars 2726: 2706:Wars of the Asante 2695: 2665: 2560: 2432: 2420: 2300: 2213: 2166: 2004: 1903:capital punishment 1788:. If the chief or 1531: 1041:Anglo-Ashanti wars 1037: 863: 722:meaning "war" and 708: 656:Anglo-Ashanti Wars 590:sub-Saharan Africa 18:Kingdom of Ashanti 9332: 9331: 9254: 9253: 9219:Polish–Lithuanian 8394:Gurjara-Pratihara 7838: 7837: 7786: 7785: 7665: 7650:Major settlements 7590:Cape Three Points 7586: 7570: 7558: 7521: 7520: 7463:Aboakyer Festival 7453:Awukudae Festival 7366: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7287: 7260:Rulers of Gyaaman 7122: 7115: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7008: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6779: 6767: 6755: 6743: 6731: 6723:Afro–Costa Ricans 6719: 6707: 6695: 6687: 6675: 6621: 6560: 6559: 6441:Gold Coast Region 6399: 6398: 6384: 6383: 6369:Yen Ara Asaase Ni 6317:Anansi the spider 6230: 6229: 6189: 6188: 6141: 6140: 6133:Kumasi Metropolis 6061: 6060: 6038:Second Maroon War 6018:Battle of Feyiase 5732:History of Africa 5538:New York Magazine 5513:. 9 February 2024 5367:, pp. 41–42. 5222:Lloyd, pp. 39–53. 5213:Lloyd, pp. 24–27. 4657:, pp. 21–23. 4488:978-90-04-10631-4 4428:978-90-04-10631-4 4119:Lloyd, pp. 28–38. 4039:History of Africa 3917:978-1-78204-572-4 3831:978-0-241-00328-2 3801:. 31 October 2018 3720:978-1-317-88265-7 3568:978-90-04-10631-4 3138:Asante soulwasher 2812:Charles MacCarthy 2805:The first of the 2744:Ashanti–Fante War 2662:Thomas E. Bowdich 2584:Arabian Peninsula 2344:court proceedings 2210:Thomas E. Bowdich 2186:Sao Jorge da Mina 2132:Fante Confederacy 1710: 1709: 1702: 1505:village council. 1458:Asanteman council 1321:, that tended to 1301:The existence of 1023:British relations 956:Battle of Feyiase 770:Mankessim Kingdom 766:Fante Confederacy 668:traditional state 530: 529: 508: 507: 504: 503: 470: 469: 415: 234:absolute monarchy 155: 73:1957–present (as 16:(Redirected from 9454: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9350: 9347: 9346: 9345: 9342: 9135: 9134: 8800:Austro-Hungarian 8500:Chagatai Khanate 7865: 7858: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7828: 7827: 7779: 7659: 7576: 7564: 7548: 7536: 7535: 7483:Bakatue Festival 7473:Akwambo Festival 7468:Akrokre Festival 7360: 7337:Akan Goldweights 7322: 7321: 7304: 7292: 7291: 7284:Akan chieftaincy 7277: 7270:Rulers of Asante 7183:Rulers of Adanse 7152:Avatime language 7118: 7111: 7108:Avikam–Alladian 7084:Lagoon languages 7070: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7042: 7035: 7028: 7021: 7016: 7004: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6773: 6761: 6749: 6737: 6735:Afro-Panamanians 6725: 6713: 6701: 6693: 6681: 6657: 6611: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6564: 6563: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6403: 6402: 6394: 6393: 6239: 6238: 6198: 6197: 6150: 6149: 6070: 6069: 6033:First Maroon War 5963: 5962: 5944: 5937: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5827: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5778: 5759: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5693: 5668: 5643: 5593: 5592: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5477: 5471: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5450: 5444: 5437: 5431: 5424: 5418: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5309: 5303: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5285: 5282: 5276: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5236: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5214: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5100: 5093: 5087: 5084: 5078: 5077:, p. 29–30. 5072: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5041:, pp. 48–55 5036: 5030: 5029: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4947: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4825: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4787: 4784: 4767: 4766: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4679:. Accra, Ghana: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4412: 4406: 4399:Christine Oppong 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4361: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4279: 4270: 4269: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4152:TheNigeriaLawyer 4143: 4137: 4136:, p. 91–92. 4131: 4120: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4085: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4051: 4042: 4035: 4026: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3993: 3987: 3975: 3969: 3957: 3951: 3948:"Slave Kingdoms" 3945: 3939: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3861: 3860: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3795:"Asante Kingdom" 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3759: 3758: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3676: 3657: 3656: 3620: 3611: 3610: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3552: 3533: 3530: 3521: 3514: 3491:History of Ghana 3179: 3176: 3156:herbal medicines 3089:The Asante held 3069:The Asante used 3022:higher education 3016: 3013: 3010:and Kwame Poku, 2955: 2952: 2856:General Wolseley 2832:42nd Highlanders 2733:Asante–Fante War 2720: 2717: 2659: 2656: 2649:Asante Military 2540: 2267:. Many of these 2184:at coastal fort 2045:The predominant 2028:Riparian forests 2020:deciduous forest 1877:include murder, 1746: 1732: 1720: 1705: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1685: 1680:this section by 1671:inline citations 1658: 1657: 1650: 1449: 1437: 1425: 1364: 1349: 1091:British Resident 983:European contact 940:Osei Kofi Tutu I 605: 602: 580:, architecture, 574:military prowess 547: 500: 499: 486: 485: 474: 473: 461: 460: 447: 446: 440: 439: 424: 423: 416: 409: 406: 399: 149: 111: 95: 58: 50: 39: 38: 21: 9462: 9461: 9457: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9451: 9367: 9366: 9357: 9355: 9353:5.450°N 0.967°W 9351: 9348: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9328: 9317:American Empire 9302: 9298:African empires 9250: 9133: 8825:Central African 8771: 8589:Romano-Germanic 8175: 7909:Middle Assyrian 7882: 7874: 7869: 7839: 7834: 7818: 7802: 7782: 7770: 7673:Historic states 7668: 7645: 7604: 7595:Bobowasi Island 7527: 7517: 7508:Kundum Festival 7503:Kobine Festival 7498:Gmayem Festival 7426: 7405: 7374: 7346: 7309: 7295:Political party 7290: 7171: 7135:Potou languages 6950: 6944: 6782: 6699:Afro-Barbadians 6629: 6597: 6591: 6561: 6556: 6443: 6430: 6400: 6395: 6380: 6356: 6226: 6185: 6137: 6057: 6001:Major conflicts 5996: 5954: 5948: 5910:"Asante empire" 5886:Ashanti Culture 5877:Ashanti Kingdom 5834: 5824: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5775: 5730:, 1995 (1989), 5718: 5716: 5714: 5690: 5680:Greenwood Press 5665: 5640: 5605:Davidson, Basil 5601: 5596: 5581: 5577: 5567: 5565: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5490: 5488: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5465: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5438: 5434: 5425: 5421: 5417:, 1887. p. 290 5415:Wayback Machine 5400: 5396: 5389: 5375: 5371: 5365:Edgerton (2010) 5363: 5356: 5350:Edgerton (2010) 5348: 5344: 5338:Gadzekpo (2005) 5336: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5274:Wayback Machine 5261: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5239: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5161: 5157: 5151:Edgerton (2010) 5149: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5094: 5090: 5085: 5081: 5075:Edgerton (2010) 5073: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5037: 5033: 5014: 5010: 5002: 4998: 4992:Edgerton (2010) 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4908: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4826: 4819: 4813:Edgerton (2010) 4811: 4807: 4799: 4790: 4785: 4770: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4665: 4661: 4653: 4649: 4642: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4581: 4577: 4536: 4532: 4524: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4413: 4409: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4362: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4298:10.2307/3335517 4280: 4273: 4226: 4222: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4144: 4140: 4134:Gadzekpo (2005) 4132: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4086: 4082: 4074:Gilbert, Erik, 4073: 4069: 4064:Wayback Machine 4052: 4045: 4036: 4029: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3985:Wayback Machine 3976: 3972: 3967:Wayback Machine 3958: 3954: 3946: 3942: 3929: 3925: 3918: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3887:. November 2019 3883: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3864: 3857: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3782:McCaskie (2003) 3780: 3776: 3771: 3762: 3755: 3747:. p. 346. 3732: 3728: 3721: 3705:Davidson, Basil 3702: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3678: 3677: 3660: 3637:10.2307/1160206 3621: 3614: 3607: 3599:. p. 143. 3584: 3580: 3569: 3553: 3536: 3531: 3524: 3515: 3508: 3504: 3457: 3393: 3373: 3359: 3348:The 2006 novel 3333:the Netherlands 3316: 3304: 3295: 3251: 3245: 3194: 3177: 3146:. The ordinary 3132: 3079: 3071:Adinkra symbols 3067: 3065:Adinkra symbols 3061: 3059:Adinkra Symbols 3014: 3000: 2991: 2985: 2953: 2939: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2902: 2896: 2858:and his famous 2851: 2824: 2787: 2782: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2735: 2718: 2708: 2668: 2657: 2643: 2637: 2629:sovereign state 2582:. Men from the 2552: 2547: 2541: 2538: 2509:from traders. 2474: 2468: 2416:Adinkra symbols 2404: 2388: 2292: 2202: 2151: 2146: 2140: 1985: 1963:judicial system 1752: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1706: 1695: 1689: 1686: 1676:Please help to 1675: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1622: 1571: 1562: 1544: 1521:led her state, 1511: 1502: 1489: 1473: 1460: 1453: 1450: 1441: 1438: 1429: 1426: 1379: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1357: 1356: 1350: 1339: 1228: 1223: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1126: 1099: 1072:William Maxwell 1025: 985: 972: 970:Under Osei Tutu 964:Agona-Akrofonso 932: 871:paramount chief 848: 843: 700: 603: 523: 519: 497: 483: 458: 444: 408: 407: 402: 394: 377: 342: 329: 312: 302: 289: 276: 240: 218: 206: 194: 114: 102: 101: 99:National emblem 96: 84: 59: 52: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9460: 9450: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9427:Former empires 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9382:Ashanti Region 9379: 9377:Ashanti Empire 9330: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9319: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9274: 9273: 9262: 9260: 9256: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9154: 9149: 9143: 9141: 9132: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9099: 9094: 9093: 9092: 9082: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9055: 9050: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9033: 9032: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9001: 9000: 8999: 8994: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8930: 8920: 8915: 8914: 8913: 8908: 8898: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8881: 8880: 8879: 8874: 8864: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8827: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8815: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8781: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8753: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8712: 8707: 8706: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8670: 8669: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8596: 8586: 8585: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8430: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8403: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8360: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8339: 8334: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8253: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8236: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8185: 8183: 8181:Post-classical 8177: 8176: 8174: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8161: 8156: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8127: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8079: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8036: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7980:Middle Kingdom 7977: 7967: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7936:Neo-Babylonian 7933: 7928: 7926:Old Babylonian 7918: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7901: 7896: 7890: 7888: 7876: 7875: 7868: 7867: 7860: 7853: 7845: 7836: 7835: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7814:Akan Knowledge 7810: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7731: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7682: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7666: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7571: 7559: 7542: 7540: 7533: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7382: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7298: 7296: 7289: 7288: 7280:Manhyia Palace 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7185: 7179: 7177: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7116: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7013:Bia languages 7011: 7010: 7009: 7002: 7001: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6972: 6963:Akan languages 6954: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6771:Afro-Jamaicans 6768: 6756: 6744: 6732: 6720: 6711:Afro-Bahamians 6708: 6696: 6688: 6676: 6672:Coffy (person) 6652: 6651: 6650: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6575: 6567: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6520: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6503: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6454: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6435:states of the 6429: 6428: 6421: 6414: 6406: 6397: 6396: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6312:Kente clothing 6309: 6304: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6283: 6282: 6272: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6258:Asante dialect 6255: 6254: 6253: 6242: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6201: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6176: 6171: 6170: 6169: 6167:Manhyia Palace 6164: 6153: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6096: 6091: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5985:Ashanti Region 5982: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5953: articles 5951:Ashanti/Asante 5947: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5907: 5897: 5889: 5883: 5874: 5865: 5860: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5833: 5832:External links 5830: 5829: 5828: 5822: 5807: 5794: 5779: 5773: 5760: 5735: 5725: 5712: 5694: 5688: 5669: 5663: 5644: 5638: 5621: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5575: 5550: 5524: 5498: 5472: 5463: 5445: 5432: 5430:, 1997. p. 53. 5419: 5394: 5387: 5369: 5354: 5342: 5330: 5304: 5302:Lloyd, p. 175. 5295: 5286: 5277: 5255: 5246: 5237: 5224: 5215: 5206: 5171:(2): 185–213. 5155: 5143: 5113: 5101: 5088: 5079: 5067: 5055: 5043: 5031: 5020:(8): 167–183. 5008: 4996: 4984: 4959: 4918: 4893: 4881: 4869: 4867:, p. 344. 4857: 4844:10.2307/218650 4838:(3): 487–503. 4817: 4805: 4788: 4768: 4749:(2): 205–224. 4729: 4725:Gocking (2005) 4717: 4659: 4655:Gocking (2005) 4647: 4640: 4634:. p. 68. 4609: 4602: 4596:. p. 89. 4575: 4548:(2): 315–339. 4530: 4528:, p. 206. 4515: 4513:, p. 377. 4503: 4494: 4487: 4464: 4457: 4443:Apter David E. 4434: 4427: 4407: 4390: 4376: 4347: 4335: 4319: 4271: 4242:10.2307/523860 4220: 4193:(3): 399–417. 4173: 4164: 4138: 4121: 4112: 4080: 4067: 4043: 4027: 4014: 3988: 3978:Ashanti.com.au 3970: 3952: 3940: 3923: 3916: 3898: 3876: 3862: 3856:978-0691134673 3855: 3837: 3830: 3812: 3786: 3774: 3760: 3753: 3726: 3719: 3696: 3658: 3631:(4): 524–537. 3612: 3605: 3578: 3567: 3534: 3522: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3424: 3405:grand strategy 3392: 3389: 3388: 3387: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3346: 3336: 3315: 3312: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3244: 3241: 3193: 3190: 3171:Akan religious 3131: 3128: 3078: 3075: 3060: 3057: 2999: 2996: 2987:Main article: 2984: 2981: 2938: 2935: 2924:Main article: 2921: 2918: 2895: 2892: 2883:British Empire 2850: 2847: 2823: 2820: 2799:British forces 2786: 2783: 2778:Main article: 2775: 2772: 2763: 2760: 2751: 2748: 2734: 2731: 2714:Asante scout, 2707: 2704: 2692:William Hutton 2639:Main article: 2636: 2633: 2617:special forces 2613:special police 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2536: 2519:Thomas Freeman 2478:road transport 2467: 2466:Infrastructure 2464: 2403: 2400: 2387: 2384: 2360:despatch boxes 2320:Asante dialect 2291: 2288: 2237:sweet potatoes 2201: 2198: 2192:,and with the 2150: 2147: 2142:Main article: 2139: 2136: 2024:Guinea savanna 1984: 1981: 1875:Capital crimes 1740: 1739: 1734: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1662: 1660: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1638:, caused by a 1621: 1618: 1570: 1567: 1561: 1560:Kotoko council 1558: 1543: 1540: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1488: 1485: 1472: 1469: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1420: 1397:palace complex 1395:described the 1384:Manhyia Palace 1372: 1371: 1366: 1359: 1358: 1351: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1257:death sentence 1227: 1224: 1222: 1221:Administration 1219: 1151:Main article: 1148: 1145: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1098: 1095: 1024: 1021: 1009:Thomas Bowdich 989:Gulf of Guinea 984: 981: 971: 968: 931: 928: 847: 844: 842: 839: 818:Western region 794:Eastern region 774:Central region 699: 696: 625:Atlantic Ocean 621:Gulf of Guinea 562:Ashanti Region 550:Ashanti Empire 528: 527: 514: 510: 509: 506: 505: 502: 501: 494: 488: 487: 480: 471: 468: 467: 462: 454: 453: 448: 436: 435: 430: 420: 419: 418: 417: 412:shell currency 400: 390: 386: 385: 382: 381: 378: 375: 372: 371: 368: 367: 363: 362: 359: 356: 355: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 337: 334: 333: 330: 326:Ashanti Region 320: 317: 316: 313: 310: 307: 306: 303: 297: 294: 293: 290: 284: 281: 280: 277: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 255: 251: 250: 247: 246: 241: 239:within Ghana) 237:national state 231:Ashanti region 228: 225: 224: 219: 216: 213: 212: 207: 204: 201: 200: 195: 192: 189: 188: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 166: 162: 161: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 120: 116: 115: 112: 104: 103: 97: 90: 89: 86: 85: 83: 82: 75:Ashanti Region 71: 68: 67:1670/1701–1902 64: 61: 60: 45: 42: 32:Ashanti Region 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9459: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9365: 9362: 9358:5.450; -0.967 9323: 9322:Soviet empire 9320: 9318: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9307:Miscellaneous 9305: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9144: 9142: 9140: 9136: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9104: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9091: 9088: 9087: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9034: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9006: 9005: 9002: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8938: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8906:German Empire 8904: 8903: 8902: 8899: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8885: 8882: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8869: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8671: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8647: 8646:Turco-Persian 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8590: 8587: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8553: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8513: 8510: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8407: 8404: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8386: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8298: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8178: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8128: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8058: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7866: 7861: 7859: 7854: 7852: 7847: 7846: 7843: 7833: 7832: 7821: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7671: 7663: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7636:Greater Accra 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7607: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7584: 7583:Lake Bosumtwi 7580: 7575: 7572: 7568: 7567:Kwahu Plateau 7563: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7531: 7524: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7478:Apoo Festival 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7448:Adae Festival 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7359: 7358:Akan Religion 7356: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7342:Akan calendar 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7320: 7316: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7293: 7285: 7281: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7082: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7007: 7003: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6804: 6803: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6777: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6748: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6721: 6717: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6700: 6697: 6694:(Ivory Coast) 6692: 6689: 6685: 6680: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6664:French Guiana 6661: 6656: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6583: 6581: 6576: 6574: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6427: 6422: 6420: 6415: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6404: 6387: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6246:Asante people 6244: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6099:Lake Bosumtwi 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6064: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5975:Asante Empire 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5938: 5933: 5931: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5825: 5823:9780521894326 5819: 5815: 5814: 5808: 5797: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5780: 5776: 5774:2-84586-422-1 5770: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5726: 5715: 5713:9780521379946 5709: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5689:0-313-31894-8 5685: 5681: 5677: 5676: 5670: 5666: 5664:9781451603736 5660: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5645: 5641: 5639:9780521867467 5635: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5620: 5619:9780865431232 5616: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5564: 5563:Jonathan Dove 5560: 5554: 5539: 5535: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5442: 5436: 5429: 5423: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5390: 5388:9789988550325 5384: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5352:, p. 40. 5351: 5346: 5340:, p. 75. 5339: 5334: 5318: 5314: 5308: 5299: 5290: 5281: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5253:Lloyd, p. 96. 5250: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5228: 5219: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5153:, p. 56. 5152: 5147: 5131: 5127: 5125: 5117: 5108: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5083: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5059: 5052: 5047: 5040: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4994:, p. 26. 4993: 4988: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4907: 4903: 4897: 4891:, p. 41. 4890: 4885: 4879:, p. 40. 4878: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4824: 4822: 4815:, p. 35. 4814: 4809: 4802: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4727:, p. 30. 4726: 4721: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4622:Chazan, Naomi 4619: 4613: 4605: 4603:9789027979049 4599: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4534: 4527: 4522: 4520: 4512: 4507: 4498: 4490: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4469: 4460: 4458:9781400867028 4454: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4430: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4379: 4377:9789988159306 4373: 4369: 4368: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4345:, p. 201 4344: 4339: 4331: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4278: 4276: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4168: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4116: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4084: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4050: 4048: 4040: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4018: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3974: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3956: 3949: 3944: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3886: 3880: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3833: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3800: 3799:Irie Magazine 3796: 3790: 3783: 3778: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3756: 3754:9780521455992 3750: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3730: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3700: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3619: 3617: 3608: 3606:9780521484220 3602: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3519: 3513: 3511: 3506: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3344:Jonathan Dove 3342:and composer 3341: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3309: 3299: 3290: 3286: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3189: 3183: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3136: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3096: 3092: 3091:puberty rites 3083: 3074: 3072: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3037:funeral rites 3034: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3009: 3004: 2995: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2948: 2947:neighbourhood 2943: 2933: 2932:Asante people 2927: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2873: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2860:Wolseley ring 2857: 2846: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2800: 2797:engaged with 2796: 2791: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2730: 2724: 2723:Joseph Dupuis 2712: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2672:Snider rifles 2663: 2652: 2651:Field Marshal 2647: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2604:police forces 2601: 2597: 2596:civil service 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2556: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2482:communication 2479: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2399: 2397: 2396:urban centres 2393: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2337: 2331: 2329: 2328:Asante people 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2296: 2290:Communication 2287: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2206: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2163:Kofi Karikari 2160: 2155: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2002: 1998: 1997:Lake Bosumtwi 1994: 1989: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1933:death penalty 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810:capital cases 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755:Okomfo Anokye 1745: 1731: 1719: 1704: 1701: 1693: 1683: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1661: 1652: 1651: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1615: 1614:absolute rule 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1539: 1536: 1533:The queen or 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519:Yaa Asantewaa 1515: 1506: 1497: 1494: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1468: 1465: 1448: 1443: 1436: 1431: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1413:Winwood Reade 1409: 1406: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1363: 1354: 1348: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1243:As King, the 1241: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1144: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1103:Yaa Asantewaa 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1034: 1029: 1020: 1018: 1017:Joseph Dupuis 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 980: 978: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 927: 925: 924: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 894: 892: 891:confederation 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 860: 856: 852: 838: 835: 831: 826: 821: 819: 816:(present-day 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 798:Greater Accra 795: 792:(present-day 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 772:(present-day 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 746: 744: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 704: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:Lake Bosumtwi 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 633:slave trading 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 609: 608:Okomfo Anokye 598: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 546: 545: 539: 535: 534:Asante Empire 526: 522: 518: 515: 513:Today part of 511: 495: 493: 490: 489: 481: 479: 476: 475: 472: 466: 463: 456: 455: 452: 449: 442: 441: 438: 437: 434: 431: 429: 426: 425: 421: 413: 405: 401: 397: 393: 392: 391: 387: 383: 379: 373: 369: 364: 360: 357: 352: 348: 344: 341: 335: 331: 327: 324: 318: 314: 308: 304: 301: 295: 291: 288: 282: 278: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 245: 242: 238: 235: 232: 226: 223: 220: 214: 211: 208: 202: 199: 196: 190: 186: 182: 178: 175: 172:, later also 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Retrieved 5784: 5764: 5739: 5731: 5717:. Retrieved 5702: 5674: 5649: 5625: 5609: 5599:Bibliography 5588: 5578: 5566:. Retrieved 5562: 5553: 5541:. Retrieved 5537: 5527: 5515:. Retrieved 5510: 5501: 5489:. Retrieved 5485: 5475: 5466: 5457: 5448: 5440: 5435: 5427: 5422: 5406: 5397: 5378: 5372: 5345: 5333: 5321:. Retrieved 5307: 5298: 5289: 5280: 5262: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5231: 5227: 5218: 5209: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5146: 5134:. Retrieved 5123: 5116: 5096: 5091: 5082: 5070: 5065:, p. 38 5058: 5053:, p. 38 5046: 5034: 5017: 5011: 5004:Wilks (1989) 4999: 4987: 4975:. Retrieved 4971: 4962: 4938:(1): 27006. 4935: 4931: 4921: 4909:. Retrieved 4905: 4896: 4889:Wilks (1989) 4884: 4877:Wilks (1989) 4872: 4865:Wilks (1989) 4860: 4835: 4829: 4808: 4746: 4742: 4732: 4720: 4708:. Retrieved 4676: 4672: 4662: 4650: 4626: 4612: 4588: 4578: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4526:Wilks (1989) 4511:Wilks (1989) 4506: 4497: 4477: 4447: 4437: 4417: 4410: 4402: 4393: 4381:. Retrieved 4366: 4338: 4328: 4322: 4289: 4285:African Arts 4283: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4167: 4155:. Retrieved 4151: 4141: 4115: 4103:. Retrieved 4093: 4083: 4075: 4070: 4054: 4038: 4022: 4021:Alan Lloyd, 4017: 4005:. Retrieved 3991: 3973: 3955: 3943: 3926: 3907: 3901: 3889:. Retrieved 3879: 3846: 3840: 3821: 3815: 3803:. Retrieved 3798: 3789: 3784:, p. 2. 3777: 3739: 3729: 3709: 3699: 3687:. Retrieved 3683: 3628: 3624: 3591: 3587:Iliffe, John 3581: 3572: 3557: 3517: 3476:Akyempimhene 3445: 3436: 3427: 3414: 3408: 3407:video games 3394: 3379:Static Shock 3377: 3340:Arthur Japin 3325:Kwasi Boachi 3305: 3296: 3287: 3280: 3265: 3252: 3224: 3215: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3186: 3165:Traditional 3152:supernatural 3150:divined the 3141: 3104: 3099: 3095:menstruation 3088: 3068: 3044:royal family 3041: 3026: 3019: 3008:Kwasi Boakye 2992: 2958: 2906: 2903: 2888: 2868: 2852: 2843: 2835: 2804: 2765: 2756:Ga–Fante War 2754:In the 1811 2753: 2750:Ga–Fante War 2736: 2727: 2700: 2696: 2675: 2666: 2625:intelligence 2608: 2599: 2579: 2563: 2561: 2532: 2511: 2502: 2475: 2433: 2418:on the walls 2402:Architecture 2389: 2352: 2340: 2332: 2308:talking drum 2306:, an Asante 2301: 2277: 2214: 2167: 2107:Opoku Ware I 2096: 2044: 2016:agricultural 2005: 1999:, a natural 1971: 1970: 1959:governmental 1955:moral system 1949: 1929:King's Court 1918: 1907: 1883:menstruating 1857: 1846: 1838:Commutations 1802:imprisonment 1767: 1758: 1753: 1696: 1687: 1668: 1646:Legal system 1623: 1603: 1599:"sacrificed" 1591: 1578: 1572: 1563: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1534: 1532: 1503: 1492: 1490: 1480: 1476: 1474: 1461: 1411: 1405:entablatures 1402: 1381: 1378: 1330: 1318: 1303:aristocratic 1300: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1252: 1244: 1242: 1238:meritocratic 1231: 1229: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1156: 1142: 1114:protectorate 1111: 1100: 1076: 1057: 1038: 1012: 986: 977:Opoku Ware I 973: 944:Akan peoples 933: 930:Independence 921: 917: 913: 905: 901: 898:Golden Stool 895: 874: 869:headed by a 864: 858: 855:Golden Stool 822: 747: 742: 738: 734: 732: 723: 719: 711: 709: 645: 594: 549: 543: 533: 531: 433:Succeeded by 432: 427: 244:Osei Tutu II 174:Christianity 36: 9356: / 8661:Khwarezmian 8594:Carolingian 8399:Rashtrakuta 8103:Shaishunaga 8002:Hellenistic 7985:New Kingdom 7975:Old Kingdom 7722:Twifo-Heman 7621:Brong-Ahafo 7609:Territories 7600:Dodi Island 7574:Birim River 7562:Atewa Range 6949:Linguistics 6716:The Bahamas 6642:Akan people 6550:Ashanti Twi 6494:Twifo-Heman 6287:Health care 6094:Settlements 6028:Tacky's War 5853:"Osei Tutu" 5801:27 December 5719:29 December 5698:Wilks, Ivor 4977:24 February 4911:24 February 4710:9 September 4383:16 December 4236:(1): 1–36. 3413:(2013) and 3391:Video games 3362:The singer 3329:Kwaku Dua I 3276:matrilineal 3178: 1873 3015: 1840 2989:Kente cloth 2973:matrilineal 2954: 1873 2837:The Graphic 2793:The Asante 2742:led to the 2719: 1824 2658: 1819 2490:Niger river 2364:Kwaku Dua I 2259:, and many 2200:Agriculture 2105:and Aowin. 2075:guinea fowl 2032:Afram River 2022:whilst the 1794:impeachment 1744:Pramakeseso 1682:introducing 1636:Kusi Obodom 1620:Impeachment 1353:Aban Palace 1323:democratize 1261:Asante army 1207:Larry Yarak 1182:bureaucracy 1118:state union 758:Brong-Ahafo 750:Akan people 692:agriculture 604: 1695 566:Ivory Coast 521:Ivory Coast 428:Preceded by 404:Cowry shell 340:State union 328:with Ghana 323:State union 254:Legislature 123:State union 9371:Categories 9231:Portuguese 9112:Revival Le 9102:Vietnamese 8745:Later Tran 8715:Vietnamese 8611:Singhasari 8599:Holy Roman 8223:Bulgarian 8159:Satavahana 8130:Phoenician 8066:Achaemenid 8027:Indo-Greek 8007:Macedonian 7921:Babylonian 7275:Asantehene 6951:(language) 6895:Coromantee 6728:Costa Rica 6679:Coromantee 6609:Bono state 6342:Prempensua 6105:Lake Volta 5967:Chronology 5795:9988070810 5323:20 January 5136:25 October 5063:Wilks 1989 5051:Wilks 1989 5039:Wilks 1989 4705:5545091926 4683:: 82–123. 4641:9004083553 4343:Wilks 1989 4105:25 October 4007:20 January 3805:4 December 3502:References 3416:Victoria 3 3371:Television 3357:Literature 3350:Copper Sun 3319:The novel 3308:nonfiction 3260:sacrificed 3247:See also: 3212:Akan drums 3198:ceremonies 3182:Jules Gros 3173:ceremony, 3120:ceremonial 2930:See also: 2898:See also: 2621:bodyguards 2600:Asantehene 2580:Gyaasehene 2574:, and the 2564:Asantehene 2503:Nkwansrafo 2499:were named 2470:See also: 2452:mausoleums 2386:Demography 2322:(Twi) and 2304:Fontomfrom 2182:Portuguese 2159:Asantehene 2081:, and the 1842:executions 1834:litigation 1798:banishment 1665:references 1327:liberalize 1315:monopolize 1311:oligarchic 1291:Asantehene 1287:Asantehene 1272:Asantehene 1268:Asantehene 1253:Asantehene 1245:Asantehene 1233:Asantehene 1226:Asantehene 1211:Ivor Wilks 1186:ministries 1087:Seychelles 1060:Cape Coast 1005:Portuguese 918:Asantehene 906:Asantehene 846:Foundation 830:gold mines 764:-Denkyira- 538:Asante Twi 366:Population 222:Prempeh II 180:Government 168:Initially 55:Asante Twi 9224:Couronian 8862:Ethiopian 8850:Manchukuo 8805:Brazilian 8651:Ghaznavid 8621:Srivijaya 8572:Trebizond 8557:Byzantine 8539:North Sea 8534:Norwegian 8522:Almoravid 8505:Ilkhanate 8475:Majapahit 8448:Muromachi 8357:Solomonic 8342:Ethiopian 8256:Caliphate 8189:Aragonese 8017:Ptolemaic 7807:Knowledge 7734:Mankessim 7579:Pra River 7555:Kpong Dam 7526:Geography 7431:Festivals 7422:Akan Drum 7052:South Bia 7017:North Bia 6825:Adjoukrou 6787:Subgroups 6545:Asanteman 6506:Mankessim 6353:Mythology 6337:Atenteben 6332:Aburukuwa 6275:Education 6082:Geography 6066:Geography 5201:163027192 5185:0021-8537 4954:2000-4214 4755:0361-7882 4689:0855-3246 4570:145530470 4314:191603652 4266:143436033 4250:0002-0206 4215:159479224 4207:1469-5138 3936:BlackPast 3653:145522016 3233:sacrifice 3148:herbalist 3108:ancestors 2816:Pra River 2676:potential 2572:diplomacy 2527:Kwaku Dua 2460:courtyard 2316:telegraph 2312:Akan Drum 2298:Akan drum 2280:palm wine 2269:vegetable 2221:plantains 2178:kola nuts 2149:Resources 2083:porcupine 1993:Mountains 1983:Geography 1975:(Supreme 1967:behaviour 1941:testimony 1786:community 1770:theocracy 1690:July 2013 1569:Elections 1554:obirempon 1549:Obirempon 1542:Obirempon 1525:, in the 1388:Prempeh I 1337:Residence 1296:impeached 730:kingdom. 710:The name 688:kola nuts 680:gold bars 597:Osei Tutu 552:, was an 544:Asanteman 380:3,000,000 210:Prempeh I 198:Osei Tutu 165:Religion 70:1935–1957 48:Asanteman 9204:Japanese 9167:Scottish 9147:American 9139:Colonial 9068:Imperial 9036:Moroccan 8972:Japanese 8950:Afsharid 8809:Burmese 8795:Austrian 8750:Later Le 8725:Early Le 8710:Venetian 8636:Tiwanaku 8549:Hellenic 8512:Moroccan 8443:Kamakura 8433:Japanese 8416:Saffarid 8369:Georgian 8283:Chalukya 8261:Rashidun 8251:Calakmul 8219:Bruneian 8098:Haryanka 8076:Sasanian 8071:Parthian 8022:Bactrian 8012:Seleucid 7992:Goguryeo 7970:Egyptian 7904:Assyrian 7894:Akkadian 7885:Colonies 7831:Category 7776:Ashantis 7766:Denkyira 7546:Akosombo 7391:Asasa Ya 7332:Akan Art 7176:Politics 7113:Alladian 6900:Denkyira 6752:Dominica 6704:Barbados 6660:Suriname 6618:Denkyira 6540:Denkyira 6439:and the 6347:Seperewa 6297:Alkayida 6292:Akrafena 6146:Politics 5906:, Leiden 5756:5937815M 5748:65006132 5700:(1989). 5517:8 August 5491:8 August 5411:Archived 5317:Archived 5270:Archived 5130:Archived 5026:41406712 4763:44723447 4697:41405766 4624:(1988). 4445:(2015). 4099:Archived 4091:(2019). 4060:Archived 4001:Archived 3981:Archived 3963:Archived 3737:(1997). 3589:(1995). 3455:See also 3272:property 3192:Ceremony 3126:places. 3049:triplets 3006:Princes 2983:Clothing 2969:extended 2965:chiefdom 2688:aquatint 2635:Military 2576:military 2539:Freeman. 2537:— 2515:handrail 2495:plumbing 2436:thatched 2355:couriers 2336:proverbs 2257:tomatoes 2196:states. 2188:, later 2111:Tekyiman 1895:Assaults 1891:adultery 1867:homicide 1830:quarrels 1806:commutes 1763:codified 1610:despotic 1606:ceremony 1594:citizens 1587:district 1575:election 1535:Ohenemaa 1481:Amanhene 1471:Amanhene 1464:Amanhene 1331:nmerante 1319:nmerante 1175:Amanhene 1171:Omanhene 1077:Britain 1051:and the 952:Denkyira 902:Sika dwa 887:Denkyira 859:Sika dwa 743:Ashantee 735:as-hanti 728:Denkyira 623:and the 617:Denkyira 451:Denkyira 389:Currency 376:• 287:Denkyira 158:official 9271:largest 9266:Empires 9246:Swedish 9241:Spanish 9236:Russian 9199:Italian 9174:Chinese 9162:English 9157:British 9152:Belgian 9127:Vietnam 9117:Tay son 9063:Tsarist 9058:Russian 9053:Ottoman 9019:Dzungar 9014:Khoshut 8987:Mexican 8982:Maratha 8965:Pahlavi 8945:Safavid 8940:Iranian 8867:Haitian 8830:Chinese 8790:Ashanti 8762:Wagadou 8688:Eastern 8683:Western 8666:Timurid 8626:Tibetan 8616:Songhai 8606:Serbian 8527:Almohad 8517:Idrisid 8421:Samanid 8411:Tahirid 8406:Iranian 8384:Kannauj 8364:Genoese 8300:Chinese 8293:Eastern 8288:Western 8276:Fatimid 8271:Abbasid 8266:Umayyad 8239:Burmese 8199:Ayyubid 8194:Angevin 8164:Xianbei 8152:Eastern 8147:Western 8093:Magadha 8056:Iranian 8049:Xiongnu 8034:Hittite 7943:Chinese 7931:Kassite 7880:Ancient 7872:Empires 7798:Oheneba 7749:Gyaaman 7745:Dwabena 7712:Akuapem 7695:Abuakwa 7616:Ashanti 7417:Hiplife 7379:Deities 7318:Culture 7099:Adjukru 7037:Chakosi 6983:Akuapem 6935:Tchaman 6890:Chokosi 6870:Avatime 6802:Akuapem 6795:Ashanti 6776:Jamaica 6684:Jamaica 6614:Gyaaman 6602:History 6523:Gyaaman 6518:Dwabena 6484:Akuapem 6467:Abuakwa 6361:Symbols 6235:Society 6194:Economy 6077:Climate 5959:History 5568:5 April 5543:5 April 5511:AP News 4401:(ed.), 4306:3335517 4078:, 2004. 3645:1160206 3486:Asantes 3403:In the 3364:Ashanti 3268:society 3243:Slavery 3229:shrines 3144:kingdom 3053:rituals 3029:puberty 2977:divorce 2609:ankobia 2523:bridges 2456:deities 2448:shrines 2444:palaces 2440:shrines 2414:, with 2368:Freeman 2348:Moorish 2273:cassava 2253:peanuts 2138:Economy 2040:savanna 1991:Asante 1937:verdict 1914:sorcery 1885:woman, 1853:suicide 1826:revenue 1774:secular 1678:improve 1631:regalia 1500:Odikuro 1307:council 1191:British 1079:annexed 875:manhene 841:History 832:in the 800:), and 786:Akuapem 754:Ashanti 739:Ashanti 652:British 586:culture 465:Bonoman 345:Present 338:• 321:• 262:History 133:Capital 77:within 9344:0°58′W 9341:5°27′N 9209:Mongol 9194:German 9189:French 9179:Danish 9122:Dainam 9097:Tongan 9085:Somali 9080:Sokoto 9046:'Alawi 9024:Kalmyk 9004:Mongol 8997:Second 8977:Korean 8928:Mughal 8918:Indian 8901:German 8894:Second 8884:French 8877:Second 8813:Second 8785:Afghan 8777:Modern 8703:Kyrgyz 8698:Uighur 8693:Second 8673:Turkic 8641:Toltec 8577:Epirus 8562:Nicaea 8485:Mongol 8438:Yamato 8374:Huetar 8232:Second 8169:Rouran 8118:Shunga 8113:Maurya 8088:Kushan 8061:Median 8039:Hunnic 7997:Harsha 7791:Titles 7717:Akwamu 7707:Adanse 7700:Kotoku 7690:Bosome 7662:Obuasi 7657:Kumasi 7401:Anansi 7396:Abosom 7351:Faiths 7325:Topics 7145:M'Bato 7120:Avikam 7094:Abidji 7058:Ahanta 7030:Baoulé 6990:Asante 6920:Ndyuka 6915:M'Bato 6905:Evalue 6880:Baoule 6875:Avikam 6840:Akwamu 6835:Ahanta 6820:Abidji 6740:Panama 6691:Baoule 6668:Guyana 6655:Ndyuka 6596:topics 6489:Akwamu 6479:Adanse 6472:Kotoku 6462:Bosome 6328:Music 5820: 5792: 5771: 5754: 5746: 5710: 5686: 5661: 5636: 5617: 5385: 5199: 5193:180879 5191: 5183: 5024: 4952: 4852:179951 4850: 4761: 4753: 4703: 4695: 4687: 4638: 4600: 4568: 4562:181138 4560: 4485: 4455: 4425: 4374: 4312: 4304: 4264: 4258:523860 4256: 4248: 4213: 4205: 4157:30 May 3950:, PBS. 3914: 3891:30 May 3853: 3828: 3751: 3717: 3689:30 May 3651: 3643: 3603: 3565: 3384:Static 3282:abusua 3225:Odwera 3220:priest 3167:priest 3124:sacred 2961:chiefs 2937:Family 2592:Europe 2590:, and 2550:Police 2430:, 1887 2428:Kumasi 2392:rifles 2380:bridle 2376:saddle 2261:fruits 2249:onions 2241:millet 2229:manioc 2190:Elmina 2128:Dagbon 2091:shrubs 2071:rabbit 2067:turkey 2036:forest 2010:, and 1945:poison 1879:incest 1871:insane 1860:murder 1851:, and 1849:murder 1814:ransom 1778:crimes 1667:, but 1517:Queen 1477:amanfo 1283:elders 1201:, and 1195:French 1163:Odikro 1159:Abusua 1066:, see 1045:Kumasi 1033:Fomena 1001:slaves 960:Anokye 948:Anokye 938:clan, 923:Sunsum 910:Anokye 883:Kumasi 802:Ahanta 782:Akwamu 718:words 712:Asante 664:Kumasi 578:wealth 265: 147:Asante 137:Kumasi 119:Status 51: 9259:Lists 9214:Omani 9184:Dutch 9090:Isaaq 9041:Saadi 9009:Oirat 8992:First 8960:Qajar 8889:First 8872:First 8845:China 8818:Third 8678:First 8631:Tikal 8582:Morea 8552:Roman 8470:Latin 8465:Khmer 8460:Kanem 8426:Buyid 8352:Zagwe 8347:Aksum 8337:Chola 8244:First 8227:First 8214:Bornu 8209:Benin 8204:Aztec 8142:Roman 8123:Gupta 8108:Nanda 8044:White 7754:Abron 7739:Fante 7685:Akyem 7680:Efutu 7410:Music 7386:Nyame 7363:Nyame 7305:(NPP) 7140:Ebrié 7104:Attié 7072:Nzema 7044:Sehwi 7023:Anyin 6969:Fante 6930:Sefwi 6925:Nzema 6910:Kwahu 6865:Attie 6860:Assin 6855:Aowin 6845:Akyem 6830:Ahafo 6809:Fante 6528:Abron 6511:Fante 6457:Akyem 6452:Efutu 6322:Oware 6302:Adowa 6280:KNUST 5197:S2CID 5189:JSTOR 5022:JSTOR 4848:JSTOR 4759:JSTOR 4693:JSTOR 4632:Brill 4594:Brill 4566:S2CID 4558:JSTOR 4310:S2CID 4302:JSTOR 4262:S2CID 4254:JSTOR 4211:S2CID 3649:S2CID 3641:JSTOR 3180:, by 3116:oaths 3112:chief 2740:Fante 2721:, by 2660:, by 2588:Sudan 2568:trade 2507:tolls 2486:roads 2372:Kaase 2245:beans 2194:Hausa 2174:cocoa 2124:Gonja 2119:Kwahu 2115:Akyem 2103:Wassa 2099:Twifo 2087:flora 2055:sheep 2047:fauna 2008:Benin 1972:Nyame 1925:taboo 1921:trial 1910:death 1899:court 1863:trial 1858:In a 1822:fines 1818:bribe 1626:oaths 1523:Ejisu 1509:Queen 1493:Ohene 1487:Ohene 1276:State 1203:Arabs 1199:Dutch 1167:Ohene 1068:below 1049:Fante 997:ivory 936:Oyoko 879:Oyoko 867:clans 834:Sahel 814:Wassa 810:Sefwi 806:Aowin 790:Kwahu 778:Akyem 762:Assin 684:cocoa 648:Fante 641:north 637:craft 629:Dutch 558:Ghana 517:Ghana 492:Ghana 127:Ghana 125:with 79:Ghana 9029:Bogd 8955:Zand 8933:Sikh 8840:Qing 8835:Ming 8767:Wari 8735:Tran 8720:Dinh 8490:Yuan 8480:Mali 8389:Pala 8379:Inca 8330:Yuan 8320:Song 8315:Liao 8310:Tang 8083:Kush 7965:Dʿmt 7761:Bono 7729:Asen 7006:Wasa 6997:Bono 6940:Wasa 6885:Bono 6850:Anyi 6815:Abbe 6666:and 6594:Akan 6535:Bono 6501:Asen 6433:Akan 5818:ISBN 5803:2020 5790:ISBN 5769:ISBN 5744:LCCN 5721:2020 5708:ISBN 5684:ISBN 5659:ISBN 5634:ISBN 5615:ISBN 5570:2022 5545:2022 5519:2024 5493:2024 5383:ISBN 5325:2015 5181:ISSN 5138:2015 4979:2020 4950:ISSN 4913:2020 4751:ISSN 4712:2021 4701:OCLC 4685:ISSN 4636:ISBN 4598:ISBN 4483:ISBN 4453:ISBN 4423:ISBN 4385:2020 4372:ISBN 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