478:
1106:
1071:
1085:
586:
549:
392:
320:
266:
785:
743:
701:
869:
827:
36:
1207:
1155:
680:
945:
457:
722:
1134:
245:
806:
1186:
764:
984:, Angevin pretender to the title, intervened and offered the same sum to purchase them. Through his purchase of the titles, Philip acquired the Burgundian claim to the titles as well, ensuring that there was now only a single line of pretenders. Louis of Bourbon likely only agreed to selling the titles because of the 1321 engagement between Philip's
848:
1236:
1313–1331). Younger son of
Charles II and heir to his claims in Greece. Also bought the claims of the Burgundian line of claimants in 1320/1321. Though he had heirs, who among other titles claimed the imperial one, Philip was the last person to claim the title 'King of Thessalonica'.
412:
After
Demetrius's death, the succession to the defunct kingdom was contested, with three separate, conflicting, lines of titular 'kings of Thessalonica' forming in the 13th century. Demetrius's own preferred heir was Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, who he ceded his titles to.
490:
1220–1250). Demetrius lacked heirs of his own and ceded the title 'King of
Thessalonica' to Frederick. The reason for Frederick's interest in the title is unclear; acquiring it might have been part of wider ambitions in the
193:, perceived Frederick II's use of the title as invalid as he was excommunicated and had been denounced as a heretic. At two points, Baldwin granted the title to nobles in Western Europe, first to
641:. Baldwin considered the rights of the Montferrat line of titular kings to be void as they had been granted the title by Frederick II, who was excommunicated and condemned as a heretic.
1012:, Prince of Achaea, it was agreed that Baldwin's sale of the title 'King of Thessalonica' to Hugh IV of Burgundy would only be considered valid if Hugh supported Baldwin (and his heir,
151:(1202–1204). The King of Thessalonica was not an independent ruler; the Kingdom of Thessalonica was one of several vassal states created by the crusaders, subservient to the new
1662:
42:
625:, William abandoned the title 'King of Thessalonica', with his titular claim to the city and region surrounding it returning to its actual owners, the Byzantine Empire.
3216:
1016:) in recapturing Constantinople. If this were to not occur, it was agreed among the signatories that the title should be transferred to Charles I and his heirs.
170:
in 1224, just twenty years after the kingdom had been founded. The last king, Demetrius of
Montferrat, escaped into exile and upon his death ceded the title to
1643:"Propaganda and Denominations of the Byzantine Successor States and the Crusader States (1204-1261): An Essay on the Political History of the Empire in Exile"
477:
2264:
2092:
2007:
1746:
2161:
174:, who some years later ceded it back to Demetrius's family. Their line of titular Kings of Thessalonica ended with the marriage of
2479:
1751:
2531:
2086:
1105:
989:
2496:
1076:
Son of
Charles I of Sicily. Granted the title by Baldwin II in 1274, as per the agreement reached in the Treaty of Viterbo.
1716:
2984:
2989:
1623:
1309:
1299:
571:
534:
325:
Son and heir of
Boniface I of Montferrat. The Kingdom of Thessalonica fell in 1224, when Thessalonica was captured by
2254:
1680:
1267:
251:
68:
2799:
1290:
463:
401:
171:
397:
Previously the ruling King of
Thessalonica. Escaped into exile after losing Thessalonica, fleeing to the court of
2197:
1741:
881:
1315–1349). Son of Robert. Inherited the title upon the death of his brother Louis I. Recorded as complaining to
190:
839:
1313–1316). Son of Robert. Granted the title by his brother Hugh II in exchange for his own rights to
Burgundy.
3334:
3306:
2776:
2279:
152:
1642:
972:
1327–1342). Odo sold his claims to the titles 'King of
Thessalonica' and 'Prince of Achaea' to Louis in 1320.
2613:
713:
1218–1272). Sold the title 'King of
Thessalonica' by Baldwin II, titular Emperor of Constantinople, in 1266.
3267:
2249:
2237:
1756:
3130:
3044:
2939:
2854:
2771:
2269:
2141:
1996:
1407:
1334:
1192:
981:
728:
86:
561:
1225–1253). Son of William VI of Montferrat and grandson of Boniface I. Granted the title by Frederick.
3339:
3277:
3192:
2781:
2679:
1070:
2969:
3247:
2934:
2869:
2859:
2844:
2179:
2126:
2036:
1317:
985:
686:
638:
634:
611:
194:
186:
179:
3069:
2689:
2669:
2634:
2587:
2541:
1893:
1709:
1398:
1380:
1351:
1084:
1009:
930:
854:
770:
326:
284:
201:. Claims to the title did not cease until the 1330s, more than a century after the kingdom's fall.
163:
2567:
2259:
2242:
2232:
2207:
2051:
1777:
1280:
1025:
373:
305:
292:
182:
in 1284, at which point titular ownership of Thessalonica passed back to the Byzantine emperors.
137:
78:
3287:
3202:
3049:
2761:
2694:
2562:
2511:
2443:
2343:
2333:
2131:
2066:
1873:
1802:
951:
585:
548:
391:
319:
265:
3272:
3252:
3232:
3095:
3059:
3014:
2959:
2751:
2746:
2521:
2468:
2293:
2202:
2171:
2111:
2061:
1843:
1833:
175:
2423:
3257:
3176:
3140:
3090:
2949:
2874:
2659:
2536:
2328:
2103:
2081:
2076:
2041:
1983:
1670:
1388:
1140:
8:
3282:
3227:
3064:
3054:
3039:
3029:
2994:
2924:
2839:
2809:
2756:
2473:
2227:
2222:
2121:
2116:
1883:
1838:
1797:
1702:
1013:
1005:
607:
288:
167:
3181:
3004:
2999:
2964:
2944:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2884:
2879:
2824:
2731:
2577:
2448:
2338:
2318:
2274:
2217:
2212:
2189:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2018:
1629:
1360:
1091:
398:
276:
1125:
1278–1285). Father of Philip of Anjou, inherited the title upon Philip's early death.
3207:
3197:
3160:
3034:
3019:
2894:
2864:
2834:
2829:
2804:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2597:
2546:
2433:
2428:
2151:
1787:
1772:
1676:
1619:
1369:
1212:
1001:
812:
650:
784:
742:
700:
3223:
3187:
3105:
2929:
2699:
2644:
2607:
2582:
2572:
2506:
2458:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2046:
1792:
1342:
1056:
899:
868:
198:
156:
3100:
2849:
2819:
2814:
2674:
2664:
2629:
2619:
2602:
2438:
2393:
2308:
2026:
2001:
1848:
962:
141:
3242:
3024:
3009:
2974:
2714:
2709:
2592:
2526:
2398:
2056:
2031:
1936:
1853:
1807:
1666:
1160:
882:
826:
272:
148:
35:
1633:
1609:
3328:
2889:
2654:
2649:
2071:
1929:
1888:
1868:
1672:
A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
280:
2418:
1206:
1154:
679:
2979:
2501:
2463:
2363:
1946:
1615:
Transcultural Approaches to the Concept of Imperial Rule in the Middle Ages
1613:
944:
427:
244:
144:
287:, Boniface was made the King of Thessalonica in 1204. Killed in battle by
162:
The kingdom proved to be short-lived, with Thessalonica being captured by
3211:
2720:
2516:
2408:
2403:
2323:
1914:
1898:
721:
2766:
2704:
2623:
1863:
1828:
1675:. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 104–140.
1133:
885:
about the "usurpation" by the Angevins of the Principality of Achaea.
3125:
3115:
2684:
1991:
1878:
456:
215:
805:
3262:
3145:
3135:
2954:
2453:
1725:
3155:
3110:
3085:
2639:
2348:
1966:
1919:
1858:
1782:
1736:
1498:
1185:
1612:. In Scholl, Christian; Gebhardt, Torben R.; Clauß, Jan (eds.).
1610:"Intoxication with Virtuality: French Princes and Aegean Titles"
1428:
185:
Other lines of titular kings of Thessalonica originated in that
3237:
3150:
2413:
2313:
1956:
1812:
1588:
1586:
492:
1694:
622:
1583:
1571:
1549:
1547:
3120:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1924:
337:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1544:
847:
763:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1559:
1469:
1452:
1440:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1510:
1273:
893:
421:
628:
204:
1527:
1229:1307–1313) and titular Emperor of Constantinople (
980:During Louis of Bourbon's purchase of the titles,
275:. Due to already being a figure of influence, the
503:
342:
209:
3326:
644:
633:In 1266, the titular Emperor of Constantinople,
283:. Despite conflicting with the elected emperor,
416:
1710:
1245:
1019:
995:
637:, sold the title 'King of Thessalonica' to
1717:
1703:
1205:
1184:
1153:
1132:
1104:
1083:
1069:
943:
867:
846:
825:
804:
783:
762:
741:
720:
699:
678:
584:
547:
476:
455:
390:
318:
264:
243:
1640:
1607:
1592:
1577:
1565:
1504:
1492:
1463:
1446:
1434:
1406:
1386:
1358:
1329:
338:Titular Kings of Thessalonica, 1224–1331
3304:
1660:
1553:
1538:
1521:
126:Hereditary, vassal of the Latin Emperor
3327:
1752:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
1982:
1698:
797:1306–1315). Son and heir of Robert.
755:1272–1306). Son and heir of Hugh I.
1618:. Peter Lang AG. pp. 295–320.
738:27/30 October 1272 – 21 March 1306
13:
1747:List of current sovereign monarchs
386:(previously ruling king 1207–1224)
14:
3351:
1170:1285–1309) and Prince of Achaea (
1118:1266–1285) and Prince of Achaea (
894:House of Bourbon (1320–1320/1321)
422:House of Hohenstaufen (1230–1239)
315:4 September 1207 – December 1224
2265:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
629:Burgundian line (1266–1320/1321)
598:1253–1292). Son of Boniface II.
205:Kings of Thessalonica, 1204–1224
172:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
34:
1742:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
1601:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1172:
1165:
1120:
1113:
967:
956:
876:
834:
792:
750:
708:
616:
593:
556:
485:
261:16 May 1204 – 4 September 1207
191:Latin Emperor of Constantinople
1724:
1690:
1222:1294–1331), Prince of Achaea (
1202:5 May 1309 – 26 December 1331
1177:1285–1289). Son of Charles I.
864:2 August 1316 – 14 April 1320
610:married the Byzantine emperor
504:House of Aleramici (1239–1284)
343:House of Aleramici (1224–1230)
210:House of Aleramici (1204–1224)
153:Latin Empire of Constantinople
1:
1422:
645:House of Burgundy (1266–1320)
1757:List of monarchy referendums
1396:
1378:
1368:
1350:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1265:
1150:7 January 1285 – 5 May 1309
7:
3307:"The Angevins in the South"
1669:; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.).
1641:Nishimura, Michiya (2006).
621:1282–1328) in 1284. As her
417:Montferrat line (1230–1284)
155:, which had supplanted the
10:
3356:
1608:Burkhardt, Stefan (2017).
1246:Table of rival successions
1023:
1020:House of Anjou (1274–1331)
940:14 April 1320 – 1320/1321
897:
696:1266 – 27/30 October 1272
648:
425:
279:opposed Boniface becoming
213:
3305:Mariani, Ornella (2005).
3169:
3078:
2792:
2555:
2489:
2301:
2292:
2188:
2170:
2102:
2017:
1975:
1907:
1821:
1765:
1732:
1507:, pp. 304, 309, 316.
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
639:Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
612:Andronikos II Palaiologos
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
281:Emperor of Constantinople
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
180:Andronikos II Palaiologos
122:
104:
96:
74:
64:
59:
55:
51:
33:
26:
18:
1894:Self-proclaimed monarchy
1437:, pp. 199–200, 204.
1047:
1010:William II Villehardouin
1004:, signed by Baldwin II,
996:Angevin line (1274–1331)
921:
672:
525:
449:
364:
327:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
237:
164:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
147:in the aftermath of the
2162:Vatican City (Holy See)
1661:Topping, Peter (1975).
1026:Capetian House of Anjou
591:Marquis of Montferrat (
554:Marquis of Montferrat (
138:Kingdom of Thessalonica
43:The Lord Marshal's Roll
2444:Islands of Refreshment
1874:Legitimacy (political)
1663:"The Morea, 1311–1364"
1101:1277 – 7 January 1285
952:Clermont-en-Beauvaisis
3335:Kings of Thessalonica
2255:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1844:Criticism of monarchy
1834:Abolition of monarchy
1045:Succession and Notes
988:and Louis's daughter
919:Succession and Notes
822:1313 – 2 August 1316
780:21 March 1306 – 1313
670:Succession and Notes
523:Succession and Notes
447:Succession and Notes
362:Succession and Notes
235:Succession and Notes
178:to Byzantine emperor
176:Yolande of Montferrat
136:was the ruler of the
111:(loss of the kingdom)
2087:United Arab Emirates
986:son of the same name
581:12 June 1253 – 1284
544:1239 – 12 June 1253
483:Holy Roman Emperor (
383:December 1224 – 1230
134:King of Thessalonica
3283:Trinidad and Tobago
3170:Commonwealth realms
3055:United Baltic Duchy
2198:Antigua and Barbuda
2190:Commonwealth realms
1884:Order of succession
1650:Mediterranean World
1595:, pp. 317–318.
1580:, pp. 316–317.
1556:, pp. 115–116.
1251:
1014:Philip of Courtenay
1006:Charles I of Sicily
606:William's daughter
195:Hugh IV of Burgundy
117:(last use of title)
1667:Setton, Kenneth M.
1416:(1309/20/21–1331)
1250:
874:Duke of Burgundy (
832:Prince of Achaea (
790:Duke of Burgundy (
748:Duke of Burgundy (
706:Duke of Burgundy (
399:Holy Roman Emperor
277:Republic of Venice
65:First monarch
3340:Lists of monarchs
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
2985:Piedmont-Sardinia
2737:Sip Song Chau Tai
2547:Thirteen Colonies
2288:
2287:
1420:
1419:
1243:
1242:
1213:Prince of Taranto
1199:
1147:
1098:
1063:
1002:Treaty of Viterbo
982:Philip of Taranto
978:
977:
937:
891:
890:
861:
819:
777:
735:
693:
651:House of Burgundy
604:
603:
578:
541:
501:
500:
470:
410:
409:
387:
380:
335:
334:
312:
258:
145:founded in Greece
130:
129:
118:
112:
92:
84:
75:Last monarch
40:Coat of arms per
28:Rex Thessalonicae
3347:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3311:Italia Medievale
3224:Irish Free State
2990:Poland–Lithuania
2299:
2298:
2250:Papua New Guinea
1980:
1979:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1467:
1461:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1252:
1249:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1209:
1197:
1188:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1145:
1136:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1111:King of Sicily (
1108:
1096:
1087:
1073:
1061:
1030:
1029:
971:
969:
960:
958:
947:
935:
904:
903:
900:House of Bourbon
880:
878:
871:
859:
850:
838:
836:
829:
817:
808:
796:
794:
787:
775:
766:
754:
752:
745:
733:
724:
712:
710:
703:
691:
682:
655:
654:
620:
618:
597:
595:
588:
576:
560:
558:
551:
539:
508:
507:
489:
487:
480:
468:
459:
432:
431:
394:
385:
378:
347:
346:
322:
310:
268:
256:
247:
220:
219:
199:Philip of Sicily
157:Byzantine Empire
116:
114:26 December 1331
110:
90:
82:
38:
22:
16:
15:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3325:
3324:
3315:
3313:
3301:
3292:
3217:princely states
3165:
3101:Kingdom of Fiji
3074:
2820:Austria-Hungary
2788:
2551:
2485:
2284:
2270:Solomon Islands
2184:
2166:
2098:
2013:
1971:
1903:
1849:Democratization
1817:
1761:
1728:
1723:
1693:
1683:
1645:
1626:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1528:
1520:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1470:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1402:(1320–1320/21)
1248:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1196:
1171:
1164:
1144:
1119:
1112:
1095:
1060:
1028:
1022:
998:
966:
963:Duke of Bourbon
961:1317–1342) and
955:
934:
902:
896:
875:
858:
833:
816:
791:
774:
749:
732:
707:
690:
653:
647:
631:
615:
592:
575:
555:
538:
506:
484:
469:of Hohenstaufen
467:
430:
424:
419:
384:
377:
345:
340:
309:
255:
218:
212:
207:
142:crusader states
115:
113:
109:
89:
85:
81:
47:
20:
12:
11:
5:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3323:
3322:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3221:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Ottoman Empire
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:Kartli-Kakheti
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2344:Central Africa
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2280:United Kingdom
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Prince regnant
1934:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:Decolonization
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1808:Personal union
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1778:Constitutional
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1658:
1638:
1634:j.ctv6zdbwx.13
1625:978-3631706244
1624:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1593:Burkhardt 2017
1582:
1578:Burkhardt 2017
1570:
1568:, p. 317.
1566:Burkhardt 2017
1558:
1543:
1526:
1524:, p. 115.
1509:
1505:Burkhardt 2017
1497:
1495:, p. 316.
1493:Burkhardt 2017
1468:
1466:, p. 304.
1464:Burkhardt 2017
1451:
1449:, p. 200.
1447:Nishimura 2006
1439:
1435:Nishimura 2006
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1161:King of Naples
1158:
1151:
1148:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1021:
1018:
997:
994:
976:
975:
973:
948:
941:
938:
927:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
895:
892:
889:
888:
886:
883:Pope John XXII
872:
865:
862:
851:
843:
842:
840:
830:
823:
820:
809:
801:
800:
798:
788:
781:
778:
767:
759:
758:
756:
746:
739:
736:
725:
717:
716:
714:
704:
697:
694:
683:
675:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
646:
643:
630:
627:
602:
601:
599:
589:
582:
579:
568:
565:
564:
562:
552:
545:
542:
531:
528:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
505:
502:
499:
498:
496:
481:
474:
471:
460:
452:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
423:
420:
418:
415:
408:
407:
405:
395:
388:
381:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
344:
341:
339:
336:
333:
332:
330:
323:
316:
313:
302:
299:
298:
296:
273:Fourth Crusade
271:Leader of the
269:
262:
259:
248:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
211:
208:
206:
203:
149:Fourth Crusade
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
52:
49:
48:
39:
31:
30:
24:
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3352:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Easter Island
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Jabal Shammar
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:Liechtenstein
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:Queen regnant
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Republicanism
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Head of state
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Non-sovereign
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1684:
1682:0-299-06670-3
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
983:
974:
964:
953:
949:
946:
942:
939:
933:
932:
928:
926:
925:
905:
901:
887:
884:
873:
870:
866:
863:
857:
856:
852:
849:
845:
844:
841:
831:
828:
824:
821:
815:
814:
810:
807:
803:
802:
799:
789:
786:
782:
779:
773:
772:
768:
765:
761:
760:
757:
747:
744:
740:
737:
731:
730:
726:
723:
719:
718:
715:
705:
702:
698:
695:
689:
688:
684:
681:
677:
676:
656:
652:
642:
640:
636:
626:
624:
613:
609:
600:
590:
587:
583:
580:
577:of Montferrat
574:
573:
569:
567:
566:
563:
553:
550:
546:
543:
540:of Montferrat
537:
536:
532:
530:
529:
509:
497:
494:
482:
479:
475:
472:
466:
465:
461:
458:
454:
453:
433:
429:
414:
406:
403:
400:
396:
393:
389:
382:
379:of Montferrat
376:
375:
371:
369:
368:
348:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
311:of Montferrat
308:
307:
303:
301:
300:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
257:of Montferrat
254:
253:
249:
246:
242:
241:
221:
217:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
140:, one of the
139:
135:
125:
121:
108:December 1224
107:
103:
99:
95:
88:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
44:
37:
32:
29:
25:
17:
3314:. Retrieved
3310:
3273:South Africa
3268:Sierra Leone
3215:
3045:Two Sicilies
2980:Papal States
2780:
2719:
2612:
2478:
2238:Cook Islands
2091:
2077:Saudi Arabia
2006:
1671:
1653:
1649:
1614:
1602:Bibliography
1573:
1561:
1554:Topping 1975
1539:Mariani 2005
1522:Topping 1975
1500:
1442:
1430:
1412:
1408:
1397:
1392:(1285–1309)
1387:
1384:(1316–1320)
1379:
1374:(1313–1316)
1370:
1364:(1277–1285)
1359:
1356:(1306–1313)
1352:
1346:(1274–1277)
1341:
1338:(1272–1306)
1333:
1322:(1266–1272)
1318:
1314:(1253–1284)
1310:
1304:(1239–1253)
1300:
1294:(1230–1239)
1289:
1284:(1207–1230)
1279:
1271:(1204–1207)
1266:
1191:
1139:
1090:
1066:1274 – 1277
1055:
1000:In the 1267
999:
979:
929:
853:
811:
769:
727:
685:
632:
605:
570:
533:
473:1230 – 1239
462:
428:Hohenstaufen
411:
402:Frederick II
372:
304:
250:
197:and then to
184:
161:
133:
131:
41:
27:
21:Thessalonica
3316:14 November
3212:British Raj
3184:(Sri Lanka)
3070:Württemberg
2782:South Yemen
2670:Maguindanao
2563:Afghanistan
2324:Barotseland
2260:Saint Lucia
2233:New Zealand
2142:Netherlands
1915:Chhatrapati
1899:Sovereignty
1839:Aristocracy
1691:Web sources
1301:Boniface II
1258:Burgundian
1255:Montferrat
860:of Burgundy
818:of Burgundy
776:of Burgundy
734:of Burgundy
692:of Burgundy
535:Boniface II
329:of Epirus.
100:16 May 1204
3329:Categories
3278:Tanganyika
3193:The Gambia
3121:Niuē-Fekai
3060:Yugoslavia
2960:Montenegro
2767:Upper Yafa
2762:Upper Asir
2399:Madagascar
2132:Luxembourg
1864:Government
1829:Abdication
1798:Hereditary
1726:Monarchies
1656:: 197–209.
1423:References
1389:Charles II
1268:Boniface I
1198:of Taranto
1141:Charles II
1024:See also:
936:of Bourbon
898:See also:
649:See also:
635:Baldwin II
426:See also:
404:in Italy.
252:Boniface I
214:See also:
189:, titular
187:Baldwin II
69:Boniface I
3248:Mauritius
3141:Rarotonga
3126:Nuku Hiva
3116:Mangareva
3091:Bora Bora
2970:Neuchâtel
2940:Lithuania
2845:Catalonia
2732:Sri Lanka
2685:Manchukuo
2660:Kurdistan
2614:Indonesia
2537:Talamanca
2497:Araucanía
2480:and other
2459:Wassoulou
2203:Australia
1879:Oligarchy
1361:Charles I
1291:Frederick
1281:Demetrius
1193:Philip II
1146:of Naples
1092:Charles I
1033:Portrait
950:Count of
907:Portrait
658:Portrait
511:Portrait
464:Frederick
435:Portrait
374:Demetrius
350:Portrait
306:Demetrius
295:in 1207.
285:Baldwin I
223:Portrait
216:Aleramici
123:Appointer
105:Abolition
97:Formation
91:(titular)
87:Philip II
79:Demetrius
3263:Rhodesia
3258:Pakistan
3177:Barbados
3146:Rimatara
3136:Rapa Iti
3065:Valencia
3040:Tavolara
3030:Scotland
2995:Portugal
2955:Moldavia
2840:Bulgaria
2835:Brittany
2810:Asturias
2690:Mongolia
2680:Maldives
2542:Trinidad
2532:Suriname
2490:Americas
2474:Zimbabwe
2469:Zanzibar
2454:Wituland
2429:Ngazidja
2424:Ndzuwani
2359:Ethiopia
2082:Thailand
2062:Malaysia
2042:Cambodia
1992:Eswatini
1788:Elective
1773:Absolute
1409:Philip I
1399:Louis II
1343:Philip I
1261:Angevin
1097:of Anjou
1062:of Anjou
1057:Philip I
990:Beatrice
931:Louis II
293:Bulgaria
83:(ruling)
19:King of
3253:Nigeria
3228:Ireland
3156:Tahuata
3131:Raiatea
3111:Huahine
3086:Abemama
3079:Oceania
3050:Tuscany
3005:Romania
3000:Prussia
2965:Navarre
2945:Majorca
2925:Ireland
2920:Imereti
2915:Iceland
2910:Hungary
2905:Hanover
2900:Granada
2890:Germany
2885:Georgia
2880:Galicia
2870:Finland
2860:Corsica
2855:Cilicia
2825:Bavaria
2815:Austria
2800:Albania
2772:Vietnam
2715:Sarawak
2705:Qu'aiti
2640:Kathiri
2603:Dapitan
2578:Bukhara
2527:Miskito
2449:Tunisia
2439:Shilluk
2349:Dahomey
2339:Burundi
2329:Bagirmi
2309:Adamawa
2228:Jamaica
2223:Grenada
2208:Bahamas
2172:Oceania
2122:Denmark
2117:Belgium
2112:Andorra
2027:Bahrain
2002:Morocco
1997:Lesotho
1976:Current
1967:Pharaoh
1920:Emperor
1859:Dynasty
1813:Regency
1793:Federal
1783:Diarchy
1737:Monarch
1371:Louis I
1353:Hugh II
1311:William
1234:
1227:
1220:
1175:
1168:
1123:
1116:
970:
959:
879:
837:
813:Louis I
795:
771:Hugh II
753:
711:
619:
608:Yolande
596:
572:William
559:
488:
289:Kaloyan
60:Details
3288:Uganda
3238:Malawi
3203:Guyana
3182:Ceylon
3161:Tahiti
3151:Rurutu
3106:Hawaii
3035:Serbia
3020:Saxony
3010:Russia
2895:Greece
2875:France
2865:Cyprus
2850:Crimea
2830:Bosnia
2805:Aragon
2793:Europe
2757:Taiwan
2727:Sikkim
2710:Ryukyu
2695:Najran
2593:Chehab
2573:Bengal
2522:Mexico
2507:Brazil
2434:Rwanda
2414:Maravi
2314:Ankole
2302:Africa
2294:Former
2275:Tuvalu
2218:Canada
2213:Belize
2157:Sweden
2147:Norway
2137:Monaco
2104:Europe
2057:Kuwait
2052:Jordan
2037:Brunei
2032:Bhutan
1984:Africa
1957:Sultan
1908:Titles
1822:Topics
1679:
1632:
1622:
1335:Robert
1319:Hugh I
1039:Reign
1008:, and
913:Reign
729:Robert
687:Hugh I
664:Reign
517:Reign
493:Levant
441:Reign
356:Reign
229:Reign
168:Epirus
46:(1295)
3243:Malta
3233:Kenya
3208:India
3198:Ghana
3025:Savoy
3015:Samos
2930:Italy
2777:Yemen
2752:Tibet
2747:Syria
2700:Nepal
2675:Mahra
2655:Kumul
2650:Korea
2645:Khiva
2624:Qajar
2608:Hejaz
2598:China
2583:Burma
2512:Haiti
2502:Aztec
2419:Mwali
2409:Maore
2389:Libya
2384:Kongo
2379:Kaffa
2374:Gumma
2369:Gomma
2364:Ghana
2354:Egypt
2334:Bornu
2319:Aussa
2180:Tonga
2152:Spain
2072:Qatar
2047:Japan
1665:. In
1646:(PDF)
1630:JSTOR
1042:Arms
1036:Name
916:Arms
910:Name
667:Arms
661:Name
623:dowry
520:Arms
514:Name
444:Arms
438:Name
359:Arms
353:Name
232:Arms
226:Name
3318:2020
3188:Fiji
2742:Sulu
2721:Shan
2665:Laos
2630:Iraq
2620:Iran
2588:Cebu
2568:Asir
2556:Asia
2517:Inca
2464:Yeke
2404:Mali
2394:Luba
2243:Niue
2093:list
2067:Oman
2019:Asia
2008:list
1962:Shah
1952:Tsar
1947:khan
1942:Raja
1925:King
1766:Type
1677:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1048:Ref
922:Ref
673:Ref
526:Ref
450:Ref
365:Ref
238:Ref
132:The
2950:Man
1411:or
1381:Odo
855:Odo
291:of
166:of
3331::
3309:.
3226:/
3214:,
1652:.
1648:.
1628:.
1585:^
1546:^
1529:^
1512:^
1471:^
1454:^
1413:II
1330:—
1325:—
1274:—
1232:r.
1225:r.
1218:r.
1173:r.
1166:r.
1121:r.
1114:r.
992:.
968:r.
957:r.
877:r.
835:r.
793:r.
751:r.
709:r.
617:r.
594:r.
557:r.
495:.
486:r.
159:.
3320:.
3220:)
3210:(
2785:)
2779:(
2626:)
2622:(
1718:e
1711:t
1704:v
1685:.
1654:3
1636:.
1541:.
1215:(
1163:(
965:(
954:(
614:(
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