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Kiepert conics

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1772: 1748: 1760: 1784: 437:"If a visitor from Mars desired to learn the geometry of the triangle but could stay in the earth's relatively dense atmosphere only long enough for a single lesson, earthling mathematicians would, no doubt, be hard-pressed to meet this request. In this paper, we believe that we have an optimum solution to the problem. The Kiepert conics ...." 722: 1701: 1771: 1533: 866: 1379: 391: 247: 148: 115: 82: 1747: 914: 433:. The following quote from a paper by R. H. Eddy and R. Fritsch is enough testimony to establish the importance of the Kiepert conics in the study of triangle geometry: 1759: 282: 310: 1230: 594: 528: 496: 602: 1733: 1180: 1114: 1048: 991: 954: 554: 344: 200: 174: 1154: 1134: 1088: 1068: 1022: 454:
in 1868: "Construct a triangle, given the peaks of the equilateral triangles constructed on the sides." A solution to the problem was published by
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Kiepert parabola of triangle ABC. The figure also shows a member (line LMN) of the family of lines whose envelope is the Kiepert parabola.
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in 1869 and the solution contained a remark which effectively stated the locus definition of the Kiepert hyperbola alluded to earlier.
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Eddy, R. H.; Fritsch, R. (1994). "The Conics of Ludwig Kiepert: A Comprehensive Lesson in the Geometry of the Triangle".
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The Kiepert parabola was first studied in 1888 by a German mathematics teacher Augustus Artzt in a "school program".
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The centre of the Kiepert hyperbola is the triangle center X(115). The barycentric coordinates of the center are
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The focus of the Kiepert parabola is the triangle center X(110). The barycentric coordinates of the focus are
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It has been proved that the Kiepert hyperbola is the hyperbola passing through the vertices, the
317: 1873: 394: 250: 889: 717:{\displaystyle {\frac {b^{2}-c^{2}}{x}}+{\frac {c^{2}-a^{2}}{y}}+{\frac {a^{2}-b^{2}}{z}}=0.} 398: 256: 287: 1203: 567: 501: 469: 930:. The center is the midpoint of the line segment joining the isogonic centers of triangle 8: 1712: 1159: 1093: 1027: 970: 933: 533: 323: 313: 179: 153: 1765:
Kiepert hyperbola showing the orthocenter, the incenter and the perpendicular asymptotes
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which are the triangle centers X(13) and X(14) in the Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers.
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Kiepert hyperbola showing the center of perspectivity of triangles ABC and A'B'C'
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as bases, are similar, isosceles and similarly situated, then the triangles
1696:{\displaystyle a^{2}/(b^{2}-c^{2}):b^{2}/(c^{2}-a^{2}):c^{2}/(a^{2}-b^{2})} 998: 964: 882: 878: 874: 410: 1943: 418: 450:
while investigating the solution of the following problem proposed by
1528:{\displaystyle f=(b^{2}-c^{2})/a,g=(c^{2}-a^{2})/b,h=(a^{2}-b^{2})/c} 861:{\displaystyle (b^{2}-c^{2})^{2}:(c^{2}-a^{2})^{2}:(a^{2}-b^{2})^{2}} 32: 1709:
The directrix of the Kiepert parabola is the Euler line of triangle
1374:{\displaystyle f^{2}x^{2}+g^{2}y^{2}+h^{2}z^{2}-2fgxy-2ghyz-2hfzx=0} 413:
of the reference triangle and the Kiepert parabola is the parabola
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The equation of the Kiepert hyperbola in barycentric coordinates
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The equation of the Kiepert parabola in barycentric coordinates
253:. As the base angle of the isosceles triangles varies between 28: 31:
associated with the reference triangle. One of them is a
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be a point in the plane of a nonequilateral triangle
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Kiepert parabola showing the focus and the directrix
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is a hyperbola called the Kiepert hyperbola and the
1930:Sharp, J. (2015). "Artzt parabolas of a triangle". 1727: 1695: 1527: 1373: 1224: 1174: 1148: 1128: 1108: 1082: 1062: 1042: 1016: 985: 948: 908: 860: 716: 588: 548: 522: 490: 385: 338: 304: 276: 241: 194: 168: 142: 109: 76: 386:{\displaystyle A^{\prime }B^{\prime }C^{\prime }} 242:{\displaystyle A^{\prime }B^{\prime }C^{\prime }} 1963: 926:The center of the Kiepert hyperbola lies on the 873:The asymptotes of the Kiepert hyperbola are the 1837: 1817: 959:The image of the Kiepert hyperbola under the 47:. The Kiepert conics are defined as follows: 530:the vertex angles of the reference triangle 1902: 1871: 401:is a parabola called the Kiepert parabola. 1929: 150:, constructed on the sides of a triangle 446:The Kiepert hyperbola was discovered by 16:Conic curves associated with a triangle 1964: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1156:is perpendicular to the Euler line of 727: 417:in the reference triangle having the 441: 1891: 1186: 13: 1874:"X(110)=Focus of Kiepert Parabola" 378: 368: 358: 234: 224: 214: 135: 99: 63: 14: 1983: 1844:MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource 1824:MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource 1811: 1878:Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers 1782: 1770: 1758: 1746: 1194: 1923: 1917:10.1080/0025570X.1994.11996212 1865: 1690: 1664: 1643: 1617: 1596: 1570: 1514: 1488: 1468: 1442: 1422: 1396: 993:which is the line joining the 892:and hence its eccentricity is 849: 822: 810: 783: 771: 744: 461: 1: 1858: 920: 143:{\displaystyle ABC^{\prime }} 110:{\displaystyle AB^{\prime }C} 77:{\displaystyle A^{\prime }BC} 877:of the intersections of the 7: 1794: 909:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}} 888:The Kiepert hyperbola is a 559: 10: 1988: 1116:. The locus of the points 1070:be the trilinear polar of 1739: 1182:is the Kiepert hyperbola. 425:and the triangle center X 1932:The Mathematical Gazette 1806:Modern triangle geometry 498:be the side lengths and 961:isogonal transformation 318:center of perspectivity 277:{\displaystyle -\pi /2} 51:If the three triangles 1729: 1697: 1529: 1375: 1226: 1176: 1150: 1130: 1110: 1084: 1064: 1044: 1018: 987: 950: 910: 862: 718: 590: 550: 524: 492: 387: 340: 306: 305:{\displaystyle \pi /2} 278: 243: 196: 170: 144: 111: 78: 1730: 1698: 1530: 1376: 1227: 1225:{\displaystyle x:y:z} 1177: 1151: 1131: 1111: 1085: 1065: 1045: 1019: 988: 951: 911: 890:rectangular hyperbola 863: 719: 591: 589:{\displaystyle x:y:z} 551: 525: 523:{\displaystyle A,B,C} 493: 491:{\displaystyle a,b,c} 399:axis of perspectivity 388: 341: 307: 279: 244: 197: 171: 145: 112: 79: 1713: 1552: 1387: 1242: 1204: 1160: 1140: 1120: 1094: 1074: 1054: 1028: 1008: 971: 934: 896: 741: 603: 568: 534: 502: 470: 350: 324: 288: 257: 206: 180: 154: 121: 88: 55: 1944:10.1017/mag.2015.81 1838:Weisstein, Eric W. 1820:"Kiepert Hyperbola" 1818:Weisstein, Eric W. 1728:{\displaystyle ABC} 1175:{\displaystyle ABC} 1109:{\displaystyle ABC} 1043:{\displaystyle ABC} 986:{\displaystyle ABC} 949:{\displaystyle ABC} 549:{\displaystyle ABC} 339:{\displaystyle ABC} 195:{\displaystyle ABC} 169:{\displaystyle ABC} 39:and the other is a 1840:"Kiepert Parabola" 1725: 1693: 1525: 1371: 1222: 1172: 1146: 1126: 1106: 1080: 1060: 1040: 1014: 983: 946: 906: 858: 728:Center, asymptotes 714: 586: 546: 520: 488: 383: 336: 302: 274: 239: 192: 166: 140: 107: 74: 1972:Triangle geometry 1149:{\displaystyle p} 1129:{\displaystyle P} 1083:{\displaystyle P} 1063:{\displaystyle p} 1017:{\displaystyle P} 928:nine-point circle 904: 706: 671: 636: 442:Kiepert hyperbola 320:of the triangles 37:Kiepert hyperbola 21:triangle geometry 1979: 1956: 1955: 1938:(546): 444–463. 1927: 1921: 1920: 1900: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1869: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1786: 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547: 529: 527: 526: 521: 497: 495: 494: 489: 392: 390: 389: 384: 382: 381: 372: 371: 362: 361: 345: 343: 342: 337: 311: 309: 308: 303: 298: 283: 281: 280: 275: 270: 248: 246: 245: 240: 238: 237: 228: 227: 218: 217: 201: 199: 198: 193: 175: 173: 172: 167: 149: 147: 146: 141: 139: 138: 116: 114: 113: 108: 103: 102: 83: 81: 80: 75: 67: 66: 45:Kiepert parabola 27:are two special 1987: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1928: 1924: 1901: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1872:Kimberling, C. 1870: 1866: 1861: 1848: 1846: 1828: 1826: 1814: 1797: 1790: 1787: 1778: 1775: 1766: 1763: 1754: 1751: 1742: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1684: 1680: 1671: 1667: 1659: 1653: 1649: 1637: 1633: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1606: 1602: 1590: 1586: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1517: 1508: 1504: 1495: 1491: 1471: 1462: 1458: 1449: 1445: 1425: 1416: 1412: 1403: 1399: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1291: 1282: 1278: 1272: 1268: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1205: 1202: 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658: 654: 649: 645: 638: 633: 627: 623: 619: 614: 610: 599: 598: 597: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 557: 543: 540: 537: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 459: 457: 453: 452:Emile Lemoine 449: 436: 435: 434: 432: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 400: 396: 374: 364: 354: 333: 330: 327: 319: 315: 299: 295: 291: 271: 267: 263: 260: 252: 230: 220: 210: 189: 186: 183: 163: 160: 157: 131: 127: 124: 104: 95: 91: 71: 68: 59: 50: 49: 48: 46: 43:, called the 42: 38: 35:, called the 34: 30: 26: 22: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1908: 1904: 1881:. Retrieved 1877: 1867: 1847:. Retrieved 1843: 1827:. Retrieved 1823: 1190: 999:circumcenter 967:of triangle 965:Brocard axis 883:circumcircle 879:Brocard axis 875:Simson lines 563: 465: 445: 404: 44: 36: 24: 18: 1195:Basic facts 462:Basic facts 411:orthocenter 251:perspective 1883:4 February 1859:References 1849:5 February 1829:5 February 1136:such that 921:Properties 419:Euler line 1952:123814409 1905:Math. Mag 1678:− 1631:− 1584:− 1502:− 1456:− 1410:− 1348:− 1330:− 1312:− 881:with the 836:− 797:− 758:− 690:− 655:− 620:− 423:directrix 415:inscribed 397:of their 379:′ 369:′ 359:′ 292:π 264:π 261:− 235:′ 225:′ 215:′ 136:′ 100:′ 64:′ 33:hyperbola 1966:Category 1795:See also 1050:and let 997:and the 560:Equation 409:and the 407:centroid 395:envelope 41:parabola 963:is the 316:of the 249:are in 1950:  1740:Images 312:, the 29:conics 23:, the 1948:S2CID 1382:where 431:focus 346:and 314:locus 1885:2022 1851:2022 1831:2022 1004:Let 466:Let 284:and 202:and 117:and 1940:doi 1913:doi 596:is 429:as 427:110 421:as 19:In 1968:: 1946:. 1936:99 1934:. 1909:67 1907:. 1893:^ 1876:. 1842:. 1822:. 1232:is 712:0. 556:. 84:, 1954:. 1942:: 1919:. 1915:: 1887:. 1853:. 1833:. 1735:. 1723:C 1720:B 1717:A 1691:) 1686:2 1682:b 1673:2 1669:a 1665:( 1661:/ 1655:2 1651:c 1647:: 1644:) 1639:2 1635:a 1626:2 1622:c 1618:( 1614:/ 1608:2 1604:b 1600:: 1597:) 1592:2 1588:c 1579:2 1575:b 1571:( 1567:/ 1561:2 1557:a 1535:. 1523:c 1519:/ 1515:) 1510:2 1506:b 1497:2 1493:a 1489:( 1486:= 1483:h 1480:, 1477:b 1473:/ 1469:) 1464:2 1460:a 1451:2 1447:c 1443:( 1440:= 1437:g 1434:, 1431:a 1427:/ 1423:) 1418:2 1414:c 1405:2 1401:b 1397:( 1394:= 1391:f 1369:0 1366:= 1363:x 1360:z 1357:f 1354:h 1351:2 1345:z 1342:y 1339:h 1336:g 1333:2 1327:y 1324:x 1321:g 1318:f 1315:2 1307:2 1303:z 1297:2 1293:h 1289:+ 1284:2 1280:y 1274:2 1270:g 1266:+ 1261:2 1257:x 1251:2 1247:f 1220:z 1217:: 1214:y 1211:: 1208:x 1170:C 1167:B 1164:A 1144:p 1124:P 1104:C 1101:B 1098:A 1078:P 1058:p 1038:C 1035:B 1032:A 1012:P 1001:. 981:C 978:B 975:A 944:C 941:B 938:A 916:. 902:2 885:. 868:. 854:2 850:) 844:2 840:b 831:2 827:a 823:( 820:: 815:2 811:) 805:2 801:a 792:2 788:c 784:( 781:: 776:2 772:) 766:2 762:c 753:2 749:b 745:( 709:= 704:z 698:2 694:b 685:2 681:a 674:+ 669:y 663:2 659:a 650:2 646:c 639:+ 634:x 628:2 624:c 615:2 611:b 584:z 581:: 578:y 575:: 572:x 544:C 541:B 538:A 518:C 515:, 512:B 509:, 506:A 486:c 483:, 480:b 477:, 474:a 375:C 365:B 355:A 334:C 331:B 328:A 300:2 296:/ 272:2 268:/ 231:C 221:B 211:A 190:C 187:B 184:A 164:C 161:B 158:A 132:C 128:B 125:A 105:C 96:B 92:A 72:C 69:B 60:A

Index

triangle geometry
conics
hyperbola
parabola
perspective
locus
center of perspectivity
envelope
axis of perspectivity
centroid
orthocenter
inscribed
Euler line
directrix
focus
Ludvig Kiepert
Emile Lemoine
Ludvig Kiepert
Simson lines
Brocard axis
circumcircle
rectangular hyperbola
nine-point circle
isogonal transformation
Brocard axis
symmedian point
circumcenter
Kiepert hyperbola showing the center of perspectivity of triangles ABC and A'B'C'
Kiepert hyperbola showing the orthocenter, the incenter and the perpendicular asymptotes
Kiepert parabola of triangle ABC. The figure also shows a member (line LMN) of the family of lines whose envelope is the Kiepert parabola.

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