357:
in the next batch. For the kho to be valid, it must be given before the active chaser has gone past the cross lane that the teammate is sitting within, with the sitting teammate not moving/rising before receiving the kho. Once a sitting chaser becomes active, they may only enter the half of the court which they were facing while they were sitting; additionally, once the newly active chaser steps to the left or right of the cross lane they were sitting in (or turns in such a way that their shoulders face towards either pole), they must continue in that direction until they have reached the free zone. Also, once the newly active chaser steps out of the central lane, they cannot step back into the central lane while tagging a defender.
236:
29:
178:
lane to access the other half of the field, and cannot change direction once they start running toward either pole. The chasing team can get around these restrictions if the active chaser either switches roles with a sitting teammate (by touching them on the back while saying "Kho") who is facing the other half of the court and therefore has access to it, or runs to the area behind either pole and then switches direction/half. Each team has two turns to score and two turns to defend, with each turn lasting nine minutes. The team that scores the most points by the end of the game wins.
335:
court to the other) has a width of 35 centimetres (14 in), with adjacent cross lanes 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) apart, and a separation of 2.55 metres (8 ft 4 in) between each pole and its adjacent cross lane. Each pole is 120 to 125 centimetres (47 to 49 in) high and 9 to 10 centimetres (3.5 to 3.9 in) in diameter. The poles are smooth and round, with no sharp edges. There are 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)-long extensions of the court behind each of the poles known as "free zones", in which there are no restrictions on chasers' movements.
174:. Kho kho is played on a rectangular court with a central lane connecting two poles which are at either end of the court. During the game, nine players from the chasing team (attacking team) are on the field, with eight of them sitting (crouched) in the central lane, while three runners from the defending team run around the court and try to avoid being touched. Each sitting player on the chasing team faces the opposite half of the field that their adjacent teammates are facing.
445:
344:
542:
411:
circle, with each pair holding each other by the elbow. The cat's goal is to tag the mouse; if the mouse links their elbow with one of the pitchers, then the pitcher who is not connected to the mouse disconnects from the pairing and swaps roles with the mouse. If the cat catches the mouse, then they swap roles.
308:
Kho kho's rules and appearance have changed over time; it was generally played on muddy surfaces in the past, but today is often professionally played on matted surfaces. This transition has altered the game, as more energy is required to run on a matted surface, with injuries also increasing to some
392:
In this variant, the field is modified so that it is simply a 5 m (16 ft) inner circle and a 7 m (23 ft) outer circle, with the outer circle acting as the boundary of the field. Instead of sitting, eight of the nine chasers stand in positions evenly spaced around the perimeter of
364:
The chasing team scores points each time a defender is ruled "out" (dismissed), which happens either when a chaser tags a defender without breaking any rules, when a defender steps out of the court (with no part of the body remaining grounded within), or when a defender is late to enter the court as
356:
The active chaser can switch roles with a sitting teammate by touching them on the back and shouting "kho"; this is known as the active chaser "giving a kho" to the sitting teammate. One kho must be given by the active chaser upon the dismissal of a batch before the chasing team can tag any players
410:
This variant is played on a circular field, with an inner circle and outer boundary being demarcated. At the start of the game, two of the players become a cat and mouse respectively, with all other players becoming pitchers. All of the pitchers pair off and stand around the perimeter of the inner
360:
Violating any of these rules results in a "foul", in which case the chasing team can no longer attempt to tag any defenders. In order to clear the foul, the active chaser must move in the opposite direction of the one they were running in (i.e. away from the defenders they were chasing) until they
177:
At any time, one player from the chasing team (the 'active chaser'/'attacker') may run around the court to attempt to tag (touch) members of the defending team, with one point scored per tag, and each tagged defender required to leave the field; however, the active chaser cannot cross the central
334:
The field is 27 by 16 metres (89 by 52 ft), with a distance of 24 metres (79 ft) between the two poles, and the central lane having a width of 30 centimetres (12 in). Each of the cross lanes (which pass through the sitting areas that the chasers sit in, and go from one side of the
370:
In the case of a tie, some matches have a tiebreaker known as a "minimum chase", in which each team is allotted an additional turn to score. Each team's turn ends once they have scored one point, with the team that is faster at scoring a point during their minimum chase turn winning the match.
352:
At the start of play, the active chaser starts off in one of the free zones, and can run into either half of the court to tag the three defenders. Once all three defenders have been tagged out or otherwise "dismissed", the next "batch" of three defenders comes onto the court.
1292:
Muñoz-Arroyave, VerĂłnica; Pic, Miguel; Luchoro-Parrilla, Rafael; Serna, Jorge; Salas-Santandreu, Cristòfol; Damian-Silva, Sabrine; Machado, Leonardo; RodrĂguez-Arregi, Rosa; Prat, Queralt; Duran-Delgado, Conxita; Lavega-BurguĂ©s, Pere (2021).
393:
the inner circle, with each alternate chaser facing into or away from the inner circle; when a chaser is given a kho, they can only run in the inside or outside of the inner circle depending on which way they were facing while inactive.
347:
A depiction of the start of the game: the active chaser (far right arrow) stands next to the pole in the free zone, with the eight other chasers sitting in the central lane, and the three defenders (in blue) scattered throughout the
264:
The modern form of the game was standardised in 1914, with its rules and formalised structure being given by Pune's Deccan
Gymkhana club.The first rule book of Kho-kho was written by 'Bal Gangadhar Tilak'. Kho-kho was
384:
In one variation of kho kho, a team is no longer allowed to chase once it has tagged all the players on the other team. The team that tags all of its opponents in the shortest amount of time wins.
1675:
489:
If a batch of defenders can avoid being completely dismissed for at least 3 minutes (known as a "Dream Run"), they earn 1 point, and then an extra point for every 30 seconds survived afterwards.
1112:
1154:
414:
In one variation of elbow tag, when a mouse links their elbow with one of the pitchers, the pitcher who disconnects from the pairing becomes a cat, and the previous cat becomes a mouse.
1785:
The attacking team can select any of its on-court players to be the active attacker at the start of the new batch. A kho does not need to be given by the attacker after the break.
1061:
509:
Tiebreaker (named "Minimum Chase"): Each team gets one additional turn to score (with the powerplay being active), and the team that scores its first point the fastest wins.
1649:
1035:
958:
1617:
1498:
685:
1728:
984:
878:
1128:
1676:""If I'm worried about whether he got two or three points, then I'll miss out on that"- UKK CEO Tenzing Niyogi divulges reason for scoring rule changes"
612:
845:
316:
was completed, which is a six-team franchise-based Indian Kho Kho tournament. Its inaugural season ran from August 14 to
September 4, 2022.
1009:
765:
1087:
424:. In the 'standing kho-kho' variant, players simply stand in front of or behind each other as opposed to hooking their elbows together.
323:
2094:
1587:
1216:
266:
143:
247:
Kho kho has been played since at least the fourth century BC. Certain aspects of kho kho's gameplay may have been mentioned in the
2104:
1813:
309:
extent. Various other aspects of the game, such as the poles and the dimensions of the playing field, were also added over time.
1477:
1404:
1276:
1062:"Kho Kho, the backyard game, set to get modern twist with technology, new rules, and slick packaging-Sports News , Firstpost"
802:
620:
1190:
2099:
2089:
261:). The game was also known in ancient times as "Kho Dhwani Krida", translating as "a game where the sound 'kho' is made".
1754:
1420:
710:
1295:"Promoting Interpersonal Relationships through Elbow Tag, a Traditional Sporting Game. A Multidimensional Approach"
193:. It is played most often by school children, and is also a competitive sport. The first league of its kind called
322:
conducts the
National Championships for men, women and juniors every year and the latest edition, the 56 edition,
155:
659:
290:
1936:
1113:
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC EFFICIENCY OF STATE LEVEL MALE KHO-KHO PLAYERS
453:
235:
1806:
1703:
319:
286:
251:. In pre-modern times, it is believed that a version of kho kho known as Rathera was played on chariots (
326:
concluded in Delhi on 1 April 2024 with
Maharashtra winning both the men's and women's National titles.
28:
282:
819:
1618:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Squads, format, fixtures – all you need to know about latest Indian sports league"
740:
686:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Squads, format, fixtures – all you need to know about latest Indian sports league"
112:
1588:"Scoring, fouls & more - All the rules of Kho Kho you need to know before Ultimate Kho Kho 2022"
1217:"Scoring, fouls & more - All the rules of Kho Kho you need to know before Ultimate Kho Kho 2022"
499:
The attacking team can take a powerplay in each of their attacking turns during which they have two
2026:
2004:
1916:
1499:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Shorter duration, more points for acrobatic tags among new rules for the league"
506:
Each team's turn to score/defend lasts 7 minutes, with the break time between turns also shortened.
1984:
721:
643:
302:
1155:"Kho-Kho is India's homegrown sport and we need to take it to international level: Rajat Sharma"
243:
from ancient times. Kho-kho was first played on chariot before transitioning to its modern form.
1853:
1799:
1650:"Ultimate Kho Kho 2022: Revamped format, changed mat dimensions, tickets; all you need to know"
608:
Student-Designed Games: Strategies for
Promoting Creativity, Cooperation, and Skill Development
278:
1467:
792:
486:
A 30-second break is taken between the dismissal of one batch and the entry of the next batch.
2109:
1394:
1266:
606:
417:
452:
Ultimate Kho Kho (UKK) is an Indian kho kho competition, and its first season took place in
294:
270:
8:
2031:
1878:
466:
167:
139:
127:
1729:"Ultimate Kho Kho revolutionises traditional sport: Expanding, innovating and inspiring"
985:"Pro kabaddi, kho-kho leagues chase IPL viewership. India rediscovering regional sports"
644:"Kho Kho, a kabaddi-like sport linked with Indian epic Mahabharata - know all about it".
1556:
1370:
1335:
934:
905:
2058:
1949:
1903:
1873:
1473:
1400:
1375:
1357:
1316:
1272:
1241:
939:
921:
853:
798:
616:
531:
274:
1791:
2084:
1858:
1365:
1347:
1306:
929:
913:
439:
313:
206:
194:
91:
52:
959:"THE STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECT OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL GAME KHO-KHO IN WEST BENGAL"
1999:
1921:
403:
2048:
1954:
1898:
917:
526:
1529:
1396:
Win-Win Games for All Ages: Co-operative
Activities for Building Social Skills
1352:
906:"Energy availability and RED-S risk assessment among Kho-Kho players in India"
473:
UKK rules follow the standard rules of Kho Kho with the following exceptions:
2078:
2038:
2021:
1969:
1926:
1911:
1361:
1320:
925:
857:
547:
361:
have either given a kho to a teammate, or reached the appropriate free zone.
159:
134:
904:
Kalpana, Kommi; Cherian, Keren Susan; Khanna, Gulshan Lal (30 August 2022).
580:
185:, and also has a strong presence in the regions outside South Asia, such as
2043:
1994:
1979:
1944:
1379:
1036:"Ground reality: Change of turf threatens to put Indian kho kho on the mat"
943:
725:
297:. Within South Asia, it has been accepted into major sports events such as
224:
186:
503:. Each powerplay lasts until all 3 defenders of the current batch are out.
1964:
298:
273:
alongside other traditional Indian games. It is now a medal sport in the
248:
444:
2053:
2016:
1883:
1843:
1835:
1826:
1311:
1294:
521:
182:
163:
1291:
2063:
2011:
1974:
1959:
1863:
1848:
285:, have been held with the collaboration of organisations such as the
1989:
1129:"143 players picked in the Ultimate Kho Kho Season 1 players draft"
879:"British Indians fall in love with 'Kho Kho', reconnect with roots"
258:
477:
Only 7 players from the attacking (chasing) team are on the field.
343:
305:, with its growth supported by its simplicity and affordability.
1888:
1868:
421:
190:
171:
34:
1115:
1010:"The Evolution Of Kho Kho Mats In India: A Historical Overview"
766:"The Evolution of Kho Kho Mats in India: A Historical Overview"
715:
365:
part of a new batch after the dismissal of the previous batch.
496:) may run in any direction when acting as the active attacker.
416:
The same game is known as 'standing kho-kho' in South Asia, a
253:
240:
86:
15 players per side, 12 in the field in 4 batches and 3 extra
1445:
480:
The playing field is only 22 meters long and 16 meters wide.
1268:
Enjoy Health and
Physical Education Text Cum Workbook Std.3
567:
Hard Bound Lab Manual Health and
Physical Education, p. 41
1822:
741:"A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl"
281:. Other international kho kho competitions, such as the
1581:
1579:
1577:
1393:
Luvmour, Sambhava; Luvmour, Josette (1 February 2002).
1698:
1696:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1557:"Ultimate Kho Kho Rules | Update New rules of Kho Kho"
1551:
1549:
1547:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1821:
214:
1574:
1466:
Satyam, Amitabh; Goswami, Sangeeta (18 April 2022).
903:
791:
Satyam, Amitabh; Goswami, Sangeeta (18 April 2022).
537:
293:, with the sport having been spread overseas by the
1755:"Ultimate Kho Kho Season 2: All your FAQs answered"
1693:
1636:
1605:
1544:
1517:
1486:
33:Kho kho game in progress at a government school in
2076:
846:"Indian men, women bag 4th Asian Kho Kho titles"
1469:The Games India Plays: Indian Sports Simplified
794:The Games India Plays: Indian Sports Simplified
1392:
604:
1807:
1465:
1327:
790:
227:of the sound invoked while playing the game.
162:. It is the second-most popular traditional
660:"Trip down memory lane: The games we play…"
16:Traditional Indian tag game played in teams
1814:
1800:
1152:
738:
598:
324:2024 National kho kho championship (India)
1369:
1351:
1310:
1191:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Rules and Regulations"
956:
933:
739:Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas) (1857).
1673:
1333:
843:
683:
443:
342:
234:
104:None (except the two poles on the court)
820:"Indigenous kho kho goes international"
2077:
1647:
982:
197:was unveiled in India in August 2022.
1795:
1531:Understanding The Game Play - KHO-KHO
1246:Gone Outdoors | Your Adventure Awaits
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
657:
581:"kho-kho | Indian sport | Britannica"
379:
1674:Upadhyay, Maanas (24 January 2024).
1585:
1421:"Doing it with 'pao' meet in Mumbai"
1336:"The Universals of Games and Sports"
1214:
817:
638:
636:
634:
632:
575:
573:
1153:Kukalyekar, Aditya (1 April 2024).
983:Taneja, Nidhima (27 January 2023).
492:One attacking player (known as the
433:
396:
312:In July 2022, the player draft for
13:
1648:Sharma, Avinash (14 August 2022).
1172:
1088:"Kho Kho gets a league of its own"
277:, having first been played in the
181:The sport is widely played across
14:
2121:
844:Karmakar, Rahul (23 March 2023).
629:
570:
387:
329:
2095:Traditional sports of Bangladesh
1271:. Jeevandeep Prakashan Pvt Ltd.
1242:"Kho Kho: How to Play and Rules"
540:
465:This section is an excerpt from
402:This section is an excerpt from
27:
1779:
1747:
1721:
1667:
1459:
1438:
1413:
1386:
1285:
1259:
1234:
1208:
1146:
1121:
1106:
1080:
1054:
1028:
1002:
976:
950:
897:
871:
837:
811:
784:
658:ahmed, usman (14 August 2011).
428:
2105:Traditional sports of Pakistan
758:
732:
703:
677:
651:
561:
1:
1116:https://www.researchgate.net/
642:Nag, Utathya (24 June 2022).
554:
374:
291:Kho Kho Federation of England
156:traditional South Asian sport
483:2 points are scored per tag.
338:
200:
7:
2100:Traditional sports of India
2090:Sports originating in India
515:
320:Kho Kho Federation of India
287:Kho Kho Federation of India
215:
10:
2126:
1399:. New Society Publishers.
918:10.1007/s11332-022-00996-z
464:
437:
420:of the Indian tag variant
401:
283:Asian Kho Kho Championship
230:
1935:
1834:
1472:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1353:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593877
1334:Parlebas, Pierre (2020).
910:Sport Sciences for Health
797:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
210:
133:
123:
118:
113:Glossary of kho kho terms
108:
100:
90:
82:
74:
69:
61:
42:
26:
534:(a related Western game)
467:Ultimate Kho Kho § Rules
459:
448:Logo of Ultimate Kho Kho
1340:Frontiers in Psychology
722:Oxford University Press
605:Peter A Hastie (2010).
303:National Games of India
449:
404:Tag (game) § Elbow tag
349:
244:
124:Country or region
957:Bandhopadhyay, Nita.
718:UK English Dictionary
447:
346:
257:meaning "chariot" in
238:
295:South Asian diaspora
271:1936 Berlin Olympics
205:The name comes from
1704:"rules-season1.pdf"
1680:www.sportskeeda.com
1221:www.sportskeeda.com
1159:www.indiatvnews.com
818:Padmadeo, Vinayak.
728:on 25 October 2020.
664:The Express Tribune
168:Indian subcontinent
140:Demonstration sport
128:Indian subcontinent
23:
1735:. 24 December 2023
1312:10.3390/su13147887
1094:. 9 September 2022
1040:The Indian Express
883:The Indian Express
585:www.britannica.com
450:
380:Shortest time wins
350:
245:
239:A depiction of an
21:
2072:
2071:
2059:The floor is lava
1950:Chinese jump rope
1917:River or mountain
1874:Duck, duck, goose
1586:Chhabria, Vinay.
1479:978-93-5435-256-0
1425:The Goan EveryDay
1406:978-0-86571-441-0
1278:978-81-7744-543-5
1215:Chhabria, Vinay.
1042:. 24 January 2020
885:. 30 January 2017
804:978-93-5435-256-0
745:dsal.uchicago.edu
622:978-0-7360-8590-8
532:Duck, duck, goose
275:South Asian Games
149:
148:
51:Chhoyan-chhuyin (
2117:
2000:Playground songs
1985:King of the hill
1859:Capture the flag
1816:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1759:Ultimate Kho Kho
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1645:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1624:. 14 August 2022
1614:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1583:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1540:
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1526:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1495:
1484:
1483:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1446:"Bharatiya Khel"
1442:
1436:
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1433:
1431:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1373:
1355:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1289:
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1282:
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1212:
1206:
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1201:
1187:
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1119:
1110:
1104:
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963:researchgate.net
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948:
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895:
894:
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869:
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866:
864:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
824:tribuneindia.com
815:
809:
808:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
762:
756:
755:
753:
751:
736:
730:
729:
724:. Archived from
707:
701:
700:
698:
696:
681:
675:
674:
672:
670:
655:
649:
640:
627:
626:
602:
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568:
565:
550:
545:
544:
543:
440:Ultimate Kho Kho
434:Ultimate Kho Kho
397:Standing kho-kho
314:Ultimate Kho Kho
218:
212:
195:Ultimate Kho Kho
31:
24:
20:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2068:
1931:
1922:Steal the Bacon
1854:British Bulldog
1830:
1820:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1753:
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1738:
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1712:
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1701:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1592:sportskeeda.com
1584:
1575:
1565:
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1555:
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1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1497:
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1464:
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1439:
1429:
1427:
1419:
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1414:
1407:
1391:
1387:
1332:
1328:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1265:
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1260:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1127:
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1122:
1111:
1107:
1097:
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1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
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2110:Tag variants
2027:Double Dutch
1980:Kick the can
1893:
1879:Four corners
1781:
1763:. Retrieved
1758:
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827:. Retrieved
823:
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769:
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744:
734:
726:the original
714:
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689:
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667:. Retrieved
663:
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647:Olympics.com
646:
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588:. Retrieved
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429:Competitions
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279:2016 edition
267:demonstrated
263:
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225:onomatopoeia
220:
219:), the word
204:
187:South Africa
180:
176:
151:
150:
83:Team members
62:First played
18:
1965:Four square
1765:24 December
1739:24 December
1733:Sakshi Post
1708:Google Docs
1195:Google Docs
299:Khelo India
249:Mahabharata
2079:Categories
2054:Tetherball
2017:Simon Says
1904:Marco Polo
1884:Freeze tag
1844:Atya patya
1827:playground
1685:7 February
1451:26 January
1430:26 January
1251:3 November
1226:3 November
1118:Mrinal Das
1098:29 January
1092:Mintlounge
1072:29 January
1046:29 January
555:References
522:Atya Patya
375:Variations
183:South Asia
2064:Tinikling
2012:Red Rover
1975:Hopscotch
1960:Dodgeball
1864:Chain tag
1849:Ante Over
1713:14 August
1659:14 August
1628:14 August
1622:Scroll.in
1597:14 August
1503:Scroll.in
1362:1664-1078
1321:2071-1050
1200:14 August
1066:Firstpost
1020:29 August
994:29 August
968:30 August
926:1824-7490
889:4 October
863:6 October
858:0971-751X
850:The Hindu
829:30 August
711:"kho-kho"
695:18 August
690:Scroll.in
418:variation
339:Game play
201:Etymology
101:Equipment
92:Mixed-sex
78:Permitted
43:Nicknames
1990:Leapfrog
1380:33192937
1133:TimesNow
989:ThePrint
944:36061453
776:6 August
750:27 April
516:See also
301:and the
289:and the
259:Sanskrit
164:tag game
119:Presence
109:Glossary
2085:Kho-Kho
2049:Statues
1995:Marbles
1894:Kho kho
1889:Kabaddi
1869:Cooties
1566:16 July
1561:KHO KHO
1537:15 July
1509:17 July
1371:7609522
1164:5 April
1138:15 July
935:9425793
590:16 July
422:kho-kho
269:at the
231:History
216:khĹŤ-khĹŤ
207:Marathi
191:England
172:kabaddi
166:in the
152:Kho kho
135:Olympic
75:Contact
53:Bengali
48:Kho-kho
37:, India
35:Haryana
22:Kho Kho
2039:Skully
2032:Rhymes
1912:Poison
1899:Langdi
1761:. 2023
1654:MyKhel
1476:
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1378:
1368:
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1319:
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942:
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856:
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716:Lexico
669:4 June
619:
501:wazirs
348:field.
223:is an
170:after
2044:Squid
1945:Catch
1937:Other
1829:games
494:wazir
460:Rules
254:ratha
154:is a
65:India
2005:list
1767:2023
1741:2023
1715:2022
1687:2024
1661:2022
1630:2022
1599:2022
1568:2022
1539:2022
1511:2022
1474:ISBN
1453:2024
1432:2024
1401:ISBN
1376:PMID
1358:ISSN
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1273:ISBN
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1100:2024
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854:ISSN
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778:2023
752:2020
697:2022
671:2020
617:ISBN
592:2022
454:2022
211:खोखो
189:and
144:1936
1908:Pie
1836:Tag
1823:Gym
1366:PMC
1348:doi
1307:doi
930:PMC
914:doi
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