368:
in the next batch. For the kho to be valid, it must be given before the active chaser has gone past the cross lane that the teammate is sitting within, with the sitting teammate not moving/rising before receiving the kho. Once a sitting chaser becomes active, they may only enter the half of the court which they were facing while they were sitting; additionally, once the newly active chaser steps to the left or right of the cross lane they were sitting in (or turns in such a way that their shoulders face towards either pole), they must continue in that direction until they have reached the free zone. Also, once the newly active chaser steps out of the central lane, they cannot step back into the central lane while tagging a defender.
247:
40:
189:
lane to access the other half of the field, and cannot change direction once they start running toward either pole. The chasing team can get around these restrictions if the active chaser either switches roles with a sitting teammate (by touching them on the back while saying "Kho") who is facing the other half of the court and therefore has access to it, or runs to the area behind either pole and then switches direction/half. Each team has two turns to score and two turns to defend, with each turn lasting nine minutes. The team that scores the most points by the end of the game wins.
346:
court to the other) has a width of 35 centimetres (14 in), with adjacent cross lanes 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) apart, and a separation of 2.55 metres (8 ft 4 in) between each pole and its adjacent cross lane. Each pole is 120 to 125 centimetres (47 to 49 in) high and 9 to 10 centimetres (3.5 to 3.9 in) in diameter. The poles are smooth and round, with no sharp edges. There are 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)-long extensions of the court behind each of the poles known as "free zones", in which there are no restrictions on chasers' movements.
185:. Kho kho is played on a rectangular court with a central lane connecting two poles which are at either end of the court. During the game, nine players from the chasing team (attacking team) are on the field, with eight of them sitting (crouched) in the central lane, while three runners from the defending team run around the court and try to avoid being touched. Each sitting player on the chasing team faces the opposite half of the field that their adjacent teammates are facing.
456:
355:
553:
422:
circle, with each pair holding each other by the elbow. The cat's goal is to tag the mouse; if the mouse links their elbow with one of the pitchers, then the pitcher who is not connected to the mouse disconnects from the pairing and swaps roles with the mouse. If the cat catches the mouse, then they swap roles.
319:
Kho kho's rules and appearance have changed over time; it was generally played on muddy surfaces in the past, but today is often professionally played on matted surfaces. This transition has altered the game, as more energy is required to run on a matted surface, with injuries also increasing to some
403:
In this variant, the field is modified so that it is simply a 5 m (16 ft) inner circle and a 7 m (23 ft) outer circle, with the outer circle acting as the boundary of the field. Instead of sitting, eight of the nine chasers stand in positions evenly spaced around the perimeter of
375:
The chasing team scores points each time a defender is ruled "out" (dismissed), which happens either when a chaser tags a defender without breaking any rules, when a defender steps out of the court (with no part of the body remaining grounded within), or when a defender is late to enter the court as
367:
The active chaser can switch roles with a sitting teammate by touching them on the back and shouting "kho"; this is known as the active chaser "giving a kho" to the sitting teammate. One kho must be given by the active chaser upon the dismissal of a batch before the chasing team can tag any players
421:
This variant is played on a circular field, with an inner circle and outer boundary being demarcated. At the start of the game, two of the players become a cat and mouse respectively, with all other players becoming pitchers. All of the pitchers pair off and stand around the perimeter of the inner
371:
Violating any of these rules results in a "foul", in which case the chasing team can no longer attempt to tag any defenders. In order to clear the foul, the active chaser must move in the opposite direction of the one they were running in (i.e. away from the defenders they were chasing) until they
188:
At any time, one player from the chasing team (the 'active chaser'/'attacker') may run around the court to attempt to tag (touch) members of the defending team, with one point scored per tag, and each tagged defender required to leave the field; however, the active chaser cannot cross the central
345:
The field is 27 by 16 metres (89 by 52 ft), with a distance of 24 metres (79 ft) between the two poles, and the central lane having a width of 30 centimetres (12 in). Each of the cross lanes (which pass through the sitting areas that the chasers sit in, and go from one side of the
381:
In the case of a tie, some matches have a tiebreaker known as a "minimum chase", in which each team is allotted an additional turn to score. Each team's turn ends once they have scored one point, with the team that is faster at scoring a point during their minimum chase turn winning the match.
363:
At the start of play, the active chaser starts off in one of the free zones, and can run into either half of the court to tag the three defenders. Once all three defenders have been tagged out or otherwise "dismissed", the next "batch" of three defenders comes onto the court.
1303:
Muñoz-Arroyave, VerĂłnica; Pic, Miguel; Luchoro-Parrilla, Rafael; Serna, Jorge; Salas-Santandreu, Cristòfol; Damian-Silva, Sabrine; Machado, Leonardo; RodrĂguez-Arregi, Rosa; Prat, Queralt; Duran-Delgado, Conxita; Lavega-BurguĂ©s, Pere (2021).
404:
the inner circle, with each alternate chaser facing into or away from the inner circle; when a chaser is given a kho, they can only run in the inside or outside of the inner circle depending on which way they were facing while inactive.
358:
A depiction of the start of the game: the active chaser (far right arrow) stands next to the pole in the free zone, with the eight other chasers sitting in the central lane, and the three defenders (in blue) scattered throughout the
275:
The modern form of the game was standardised in 1914, with its rules and formalised structure being given by Pune's Deccan
Gymkhana club.The first rule book of Kho-kho was written by 'Bal Gangadhar Tilak'. Kho-kho was
395:
In one variation of kho kho, a team is no longer allowed to chase once it has tagged all the players on the other team. The team that tags all of its opponents in the shortest amount of time wins.
1686:
500:
If a batch of defenders can avoid being completely dismissed for at least 3 minutes (known as a "Dream Run"), they earn 1 point, and then an extra point for every 30 seconds survived afterwards.
1123:
1165:
425:
In one variation of elbow tag, when a mouse links their elbow with one of the pitchers, the pitcher who disconnects from the pairing becomes a cat, and the previous cat becomes a mouse.
1796:
The attacking team can select any of its on-court players to be the active attacker at the start of the new batch. A kho does not need to be given by the attacker after the break.
1072:
520:
Tiebreaker (named "Minimum Chase"): Each team gets one additional turn to score (with the powerplay being active), and the team that scores its first point the fastest wins.
1660:
1046:
969:
1628:
1509:
696:
1739:
995:
889:
1139:
1687:""If I'm worried about whether he got two or three points, then I'll miss out on that"- UKK CEO Tenzing Niyogi divulges reason for scoring rule changes"
623:
856:
327:
was completed, which is a six-team franchise-based Indian Kho Kho tournament. Its inaugural season ran from August 14 to
September 4, 2022.
1020:
776:
1098:
435:. In the 'standing kho-kho' variant, players simply stand in front of or behind each other as opposed to hooking their elbows together.
334:
2105:
1598:
1227:
277:
154:
258:
Kho kho has been played since at least the fourth century BC. Certain aspects of kho kho's gameplay may have been mentioned in the
2115:
1824:
320:
extent. Various other aspects of the game, such as the poles and the dimensions of the playing field, were also added over time.
1488:
1415:
1287:
1073:"Kho Kho, the backyard game, set to get modern twist with technology, new rules, and slick packaging-Sports News , Firstpost"
813:
631:
1201:
2110:
2100:
272:). The game was also known in ancient times as "Kho Dhwani Krida", translating as "a game where the sound 'kho' is made".
1765:
1431:
721:
1306:"Promoting Interpersonal Relationships through Elbow Tag, a Traditional Sporting Game. A Multidimensional Approach"
204:. It is played most often by school children, and is also a competitive sport. The first league of its kind called
333:
conducts the
National Championships for men, women and juniors every year and the latest edition, the 56 edition,
166:
670:
301:
1947:
1124:
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC EFFICIENCY OF STATE LEVEL MALE KHO-KHO PLAYERS
464:
246:
1817:
1714:
330:
297:
262:. In pre-modern times, it is believed that a version of kho kho known as Rathera was played on chariots (
337:
concluded in Delhi on 1 April 2024 with
Maharashtra winning both the men's and women's National titles.
39:
293:
830:
1629:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Squads, format, fixtures – all you need to know about latest Indian sports league"
751:
697:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Squads, format, fixtures – all you need to know about latest Indian sports league"
123:
1599:"Scoring, fouls & more - All the rules of Kho Kho you need to know before Ultimate Kho Kho 2022"
1228:"Scoring, fouls & more - All the rules of Kho Kho you need to know before Ultimate Kho Kho 2022"
510:
The attacking team can take a powerplay in each of their attacking turns during which they have two
2037:
2015:
1927:
1510:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Shorter duration, more points for acrobatic tags among new rules for the league"
517:
Each team's turn to score/defend lasts 7 minutes, with the break time between turns also shortened.
1995:
732:
654:
313:
17:
1166:"Kho-Kho is India's homegrown sport and we need to take it to international level: Rajat Sharma"
254:
from ancient times. Kho-kho was first played on chariot before transitioning to its modern form.
1864:
1810:
1661:"Ultimate Kho Kho 2022: Revamped format, changed mat dimensions, tickets; all you need to know"
619:
Student-Designed Games: Strategies for
Promoting Creativity, Cooperation, and Skill Development
289:
1478:
803:
497:
A 30-second break is taken between the dismissal of one batch and the entry of the next batch.
2120:
1405:
1277:
617:
428:
463:
Ultimate Kho Kho (UKK) is an Indian kho kho competition, and its first season took place in
305:
281:
8:
2042:
1889:
477:
178:
150:
138:
1740:"Ultimate Kho Kho revolutionises traditional sport: Expanding, innovating and inspiring"
996:"Pro kabaddi, kho-kho leagues chase IPL viewership. India rediscovering regional sports"
655:"Kho Kho, a kabaddi-like sport linked with Indian epic Mahabharata - know all about it".
1567:
1381:
1346:
945:
916:
2069:
1960:
1914:
1884:
1484:
1411:
1386:
1368:
1327:
1283:
1252:
950:
932:
864:
809:
627:
542:
285:
1802:
2095:
1869:
1376:
1358:
1317:
940:
924:
450:
324:
217:
205:
102:
63:
970:"THE STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECT OF INDIAN TRADITIONAL GAME KHO-KHO IN WEST BENGAL"
2010:
1932:
414:
2059:
1965:
1909:
928:
537:
1540:
1407:
Win-Win Games for All Ages: Co-operative
Activities for Building Social Skills
1363:
917:"Energy availability and RED-S risk assessment among Kho-Kho players in India"
484:
UKK rules follow the standard rules of Kho Kho with the following exceptions:
2089:
2049:
2032:
1980:
1937:
1922:
1372:
1331:
936:
868:
558:
372:
have either given a kho to a teammate, or reached the appropriate free zone.
170:
145:
915:
Kalpana, Kommi; Cherian, Keren Susan; Khanna, Gulshan Lal (30 August 2022).
591:
196:, and also has a strong presence in the regions outside South Asia, such as
2054:
2005:
1990:
1955:
1390:
1047:"Ground reality: Change of turf threatens to put Indian kho kho on the mat"
954:
736:
308:. Within South Asia, it has been accepted into major sports events such as
235:
197:
514:. Each powerplay lasts until all 3 defenders of the current batch are out.
1975:
309:
284:
alongside other traditional Indian games. It is now a medal sport in the
259:
455:
2064:
2027:
1894:
1854:
1846:
1837:
1322:
1305:
532:
193:
174:
1302:
2074:
2022:
1985:
1970:
1874:
1859:
296:, have been held with the collaboration of organisations such as the
2000:
1140:"143 players picked in the Ultimate Kho Kho Season 1 players draft"
890:"British Indians fall in love with 'Kho Kho', reconnect with roots"
269:
488:
Only 7 players from the attacking (chasing) team are on the field.
354:
316:, with its growth supported by its simplicity and affordability.
1899:
1879:
432:
201:
182:
45:
1126:
1021:"The Evolution Of Kho Kho Mats In India: A Historical Overview"
777:"The Evolution of Kho Kho Mats in India: A Historical Overview"
726:
376:
part of a new batch after the dismissal of the previous batch.
507:) may run in any direction when acting as the active attacker.
427:
The same game is known as 'standing kho-kho' in South Asia, a
264:
251:
97:
15 players per side, 12 in the field in 4 batches and 3 extra
1456:
491:
The playing field is only 22 meters long and 16 meters wide.
1279:
Enjoy Health and
Physical Education Text Cum Workbook Std.3
578:
Hard Bound Lab Manual Health and
Physical Education, p. 41
1833:
752:"A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl"
292:. Other international kho kho competitions, such as the
1592:
1590:
1588:
1404:
Luvmour, Sambhava; Luvmour, Josette (1 February 2002).
1709:
1707:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1568:"Ultimate Kho Kho Rules | Update New rules of Kho Kho"
1562:
1560:
1558:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1832:
225:
1585:
1477:
Satyam, Amitabh; Goswami, Sangeeta (18 April 2022).
914:
802:
Satyam, Amitabh; Goswami, Sangeeta (18 April 2022).
548:
304:, with the sport having been spread overseas by the
1766:"Ultimate Kho Kho Season 2: All your FAQs answered"
1704:
1647:
1616:
1555:
1528:
1497:
44:Kho kho game in progress at a government school in
2087:
857:"Indian men, women bag 4th Asian Kho Kho titles"
1480:The Games India Plays: Indian Sports Simplified
805:The Games India Plays: Indian Sports Simplified
1403:
615:
1818:
1476:
1338:
801:
238:of the sound invoked while playing the game.
173:. It is the second-most popular traditional
671:"Trip down memory lane: The games we play…"
27:Traditional Indian tag game played in teams
1825:
1811:
1163:
749:
609:
335:2024 National kho kho championship (India)
1380:
1362:
1321:
1202:"Ultimate Kho Kho: Rules and Regulations"
967:
944:
750:Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas) (1857).
1684:
1344:
854:
694:
454:
353:
245:
115:None (except the two poles on the court)
831:"Indigenous kho kho goes international"
14:
2088:
1658:
993:
208:was unveiled in India in August 2022.
1806:
1542:Understanding The Game Play - KHO-KHO
1257:Gone Outdoors | Your Adventure Awaits
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
668:
592:"kho-kho | Indian sport | Britannica"
390:
1685:Upadhyay, Maanas (24 January 2024).
1596:
1432:"Doing it with 'pao' meet in Mumbai"
1347:"The Universals of Games and Sports"
1225:
828:
649:
647:
645:
643:
586:
584:
1164:Kukalyekar, Aditya (1 April 2024).
994:Taneja, Nidhima (27 January 2023).
503:One attacking player (known as the
444:
407:
323:In July 2022, the player draft for
24:
1659:Sharma, Avinash (14 August 2022).
1183:
1099:"Kho Kho gets a league of its own"
288:, having first been played in the
192:The sport is widely played across
25:
2132:
855:Karmakar, Rahul (23 March 2023).
640:
581:
398:
340:
2106:Traditional sports of Bangladesh
1282:. Jeevandeep Prakashan Pvt Ltd.
1253:"Kho Kho: How to Play and Rules"
551:
476:This section is an excerpt from
413:This section is an excerpt from
38:
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1758:
1732:
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1470:
1449:
1424:
1397:
1296:
1270:
1245:
1219:
1157:
1132:
1117:
1091:
1065:
1039:
1013:
987:
961:
908:
882:
848:
822:
795:
669:ahmed, usman (14 August 2011).
439:
2116:Traditional sports of Pakistan
769:
743:
714:
688:
662:
572:
13:
1:
1127:https://www.researchgate.net/
653:Nag, Utathya (24 June 2022).
565:
385:
302:Kho Kho Federation of England
167:traditional South Asian sport
494:2 points are scored per tag.
349:
211:
7:
2111:Traditional sports of India
2101:Sports originating in India
526:
331:Kho Kho Federation of India
298:Kho Kho Federation of India
226:
10:
2137:
1410:. New Society Publishers.
929:10.1007/s11332-022-00996-z
475:
448:
431:of the Indian tag variant
412:
294:Asian Kho Kho Championship
241:
1946:
1845:
1483:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1364:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593877
1345:Parlebas, Pierre (2020).
921:Sport Sciences for Health
808:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
221:
144:
134:
129:
124:Glossary of kho kho terms
119:
111:
101:
93:
85:
80:
72:
53:
37:
545:(a related Western game)
478:Ultimate Kho Kho § Rules
470:
459:Logo of Ultimate Kho Kho
1351:Frontiers in Psychology
733:Oxford University Press
616:Peter A Hastie (2010).
314:National Games of India
460:
415:Tag (game) § Elbow tag
360:
255:
135:Country or region
968:Bandhopadhyay, Nita.
729:UK English Dictionary
458:
357:
268:meaning "chariot" in
249:
306:South Asian diaspora
282:1936 Berlin Olympics
216:The name comes from
1715:"rules-season1.pdf"
1691:www.sportskeeda.com
1232:www.sportskeeda.com
1170:www.indiatvnews.com
829:Padmadeo, Vinayak.
739:on 25 October 2020.
675:The Express Tribune
179:Indian subcontinent
151:Demonstration sport
139:Indian subcontinent
34:
1746:. 24 December 2023
1323:10.3390/su13147887
1105:. 9 September 2022
1051:The Indian Express
894:The Indian Express
596:www.britannica.com
461:
391:Shortest time wins
361:
256:
250:A depiction of an
32:
2083:
2082:
2070:The floor is lava
1961:Chinese jump rope
1928:River or mountain
1885:Duck, duck, goose
1597:Chhabria, Vinay.
1490:978-93-5435-256-0
1436:The Goan EveryDay
1417:978-0-86571-441-0
1289:978-81-7744-543-5
1226:Chhabria, Vinay.
1053:. 24 January 2020
896:. 30 January 2017
815:978-93-5435-256-0
756:dsal.uchicago.edu
633:978-0-7360-8590-8
543:Duck, duck, goose
286:South Asian Games
160:
159:
62:Chhoyan-chhuyin (
16:(Redirected from
2128:
2011:Playground songs
1996:King of the hill
1870:Capture the flag
1827:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1770:Ultimate Kho Kho
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
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1676:
1675:
1673:
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1656:
1645:
1644:
1642:
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1635:. 14 August 2022
1625:
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1609:
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1583:
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1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1457:"Bharatiya Khel"
1453:
1447:
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1444:
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1428:
1422:
1421:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1366:
1342:
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1300:
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1212:
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1136:
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974:researchgate.net
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835:tribuneindia.com
826:
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799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
747:
741:
740:
735:. Archived from
718:
712:
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709:
707:
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
666:
660:
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638:
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451:Ultimate Kho Kho
445:Ultimate Kho Kho
408:Standing kho-kho
325:Ultimate Kho Kho
229:
223:
206:Ultimate Kho Kho
42:
35:
31:
21:
2136:
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2131:
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1933:Steal the Bacon
1865:British Bulldog
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1603:sportskeeda.com
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1402:
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1234:
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1210:
1208:
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1184:
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1158:
1148:
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1138:
1137:
1133:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1097:
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1082:
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2121:Tag variants
2038:Double Dutch
1991:Kick the can
1904:
1890:Four corners
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236:onomatopoeia
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230:), the word
215:
198:South Africa
191:
187:
162:
161:
94:Team members
73:First played
29:
1976:Four square
1776:24 December
1750:24 December
1744:Sakshi Post
1719:Google Docs
1206:Google Docs
310:Khelo India
260:Mahabharata
2090:Categories
2065:Tetherball
2028:Simon Says
1915:Marco Polo
1895:Freeze tag
1855:Atya patya
1838:playground
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1441:26 January
1262:3 November
1237:3 November
1129:Mrinal Das
1109:29 January
1103:Mintlounge
1083:29 January
1057:29 January
566:References
533:Atya Patya
386:Variations
194:South Asia
2075:Tinikling
2023:Red Rover
1986:Hopscotch
1971:Dodgeball
1875:Chain tag
1860:Ante Over
1724:14 August
1670:14 August
1639:14 August
1633:Scroll.in
1608:14 August
1514:Scroll.in
1373:1664-1078
1332:2071-1050
1211:14 August
1077:Firstpost
1031:29 August
1005:29 August
979:30 August
937:1824-7490
900:4 October
874:6 October
869:0971-751X
861:The Hindu
840:30 August
722:"kho-kho"
706:18 August
701:Scroll.in
429:variation
350:Game play
212:Etymology
112:Equipment
103:Mixed-sex
89:Permitted
54:Nicknames
2001:Leapfrog
1391:33192937
1144:TimesNow
1000:ThePrint
955:36061453
787:6 August
761:27 April
527:See also
312:and the
300:and the
270:Sanskrit
175:tag game
130:Presence
120:Glossary
2096:Kho-Kho
2060:Statues
2006:Marbles
1905:Kho kho
1900:Kabaddi
1880:Cooties
1577:16 July
1572:KHO KHO
1548:15 July
1520:17 July
1382:7609522
1175:5 April
1149:15 July
946:9425793
601:16 July
433:kho-kho
280:at the
242:History
227:khĹŤ-khĹŤ
218:Marathi
202:England
183:kabaddi
177:in the
163:Kho kho
146:Olympic
86:Contact
64:Bengali
59:Kho-kho
48:, India
46:Haryana
33:Kho Kho
18:Kho-kho
2050:Skully
2043:Rhymes
1923:Poison
1910:Langdi
1772:. 2023
1665:MyKhel
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727:Lexico
680:4 June
630:
512:wazirs
359:field.
234:is an
181:after
2055:Squid
1956:Catch
1948:Other
1840:games
505:wazir
471:Rules
265:ratha
165:is a
76:India
2016:list
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1752:2023
1726:2022
1698:2024
1672:2022
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763:2020
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682:2020
628:ISBN
603:2022
465:2022
222:खोखो
200:and
155:1936
1919:Pie
1847:Tag
1834:Gym
1377:PMC
1359:doi
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925:doi
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