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406:, as it allowed the pianist to control the dynamics by adjusting the force with which each key was struck. In its current form, the piano is a product of further developments made since the late nineteenth century and is distinct in both sound and appearance from the instruments known to earlier pianists, including
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appeared during the fourteenth century—the clavichord probably being earlier. The harpsichord and clavichord were both common until the widespread adoption of the piano in the eighteenth century, after which their popularity decreased. The first template for the modern piano was introduced in 1698 in
139:, and other elements of expression—depending on the design and inherent capabilities of the instrument. Modern keyboards, especially digital ones, can simulate a wide range of sounds beyond traditional piano tones, thanks to advanced sound synthesis techniques and digital sampling technology.
373:
320–22). From its invention until the fourteenth century, the organ remained the only keyboard instrument. Often, the organ did not feature a keyboard at all, but rather buttons or large levers operated by a whole hand. Almost every keyboard until the fifteenth century had seven
126:
and arrangers as well as work-stations. These keyboards typically work by translating the physical act of pressing keys into electrical signals that produce sound. Under the fingers of a sensitive performer, the keyboard may also be used to control
161:
The term keyboard classifies instruments based on how the performer plays the instrument, and not on how the sound is produced. Categories of keyboard instruments include the following families (of which this is only a partial list):
312:
530:
According to almost unanimous reports, Ctesibios, a Greek engineer who lived in
Alexandria during the 3rd century B.C., was the inventor of the first organ, the so-called hydraulis.
154:, and the early piano competed, and the same piece might be played on more than one. Hence, in a phrase such as "Mozart excelled as a keyboard player", the word
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invented in the third century BC. The keys were likely balanced and could be played with a light touch, as is clear from the reference in a Latin poem by
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is in historical musicology, where it means an instrument whose identity cannot be firmly established. Particularly in the 18th century, the
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that is "let him thunder forth as he presses out mighty roarings with a light touch" (
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The earliest known keyboard instrument was the
Ancient Greek
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Late 4th century AD "Mosaic of the Female
Musicians" from a
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422:, began to appear as well. Later in the 20th century,
402:("harpsichord with soft and loud"), also shortened to
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367:magna levi detrudens murmura tactu . . . intonet,
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115:or belfries of churches or municipal buildings.
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482:"What are Historical Keyboard Instruments?"
864:
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605:on the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History,
596:on the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History,
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27:Musical instrument played using a keyboard
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603:The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori
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41:
29:
589:The general keyboard in the age of MIDI
512:. Indiana University Press. p. 9.
14:
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479:
845:
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509:The History of Keyboard Music to 1700
349:Piano history and musical performance
99:. Other keyboard instruments include
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142:Another important use of the word
25:
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567:. London: Abelard-Schuman, 1967.
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565:Keyboard Musicians of the World
506:Apel, W.; Tischler, H. (1997).
122:often refers to keyboard-style
1268:Electronic musical instruments
811:part relation with additional
607:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
598:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
535:
400:gravicèmbalo con piano e forte
111:, which are usually housed in
38:, a common keyboard instrument
13:
1:
695:Dynamic intonation adjustment
461:
365:(late 4th century), who says
1263:Electric musical instruments
809:Physical just-intoned string
304:List of keyboard instruments
158:is typically all-inclusive.
107:operated by a keyboard, and
7:
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10:
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721:Just intonation in one key
661:Fretless string instrument
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216:plucked string instruments
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707:Fretted string instrument
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252:struck string instruments
236:bowed string instruments
1183:Piano Technicians Guild
757:Retunable to a just key
547:Encyclopedia Britannica
371:Paneg. Manlio Theodoro,
743:Long-string instrument
64:
54:
39:
1258:Amplified instruments
594:Renaissance Keyboards
543:"Keyboard instrument"
456:Orchestrina di camera
396:Bartolomeo Cristofori
347:Further information:
60:
45:
33:
1253:Keyboard instruments
1204:Amplifiers, speakers
1046:Generalized keyboard
877:keyboard instruments
764:Keyboard instruments
424:electronic keyboards
89:electronic keyboards
1051:Isomorphic keyboard
1041:Enharmonic keyboard
931:Electronic keyboard
480:Kelzenberg, David.
446:Keyboard percussion
436:Enharmonic keyboard
103:, which are struck
69:keyboard instrument
1211:Keyboard amplifier
1131:Piano construction
666:Pedal steel guitar
73:musical instrument
65:
55:
40:
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519:978-0-253-21141-5
441:Hammered dulcimer
283:electronic organs
16:(Redirected from
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712:Wind instruments
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563:Young, Percy M.
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484:. Archived from
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451:Musical keyboard
378:to each octave.
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118:Today, the term
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787:overtone series
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781:Flageolet tones
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652:Just intonation
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558:Further reading
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49:with part of a
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97:digital pianos
87:, and various
51:Leslie speaker
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488:on 2013-02-12
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383:clavicymbalum
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47:Hammond organ
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1061:Short octave
941:Harmonichord
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733:Natural horn
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523:. Retrieved
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490:. Retrieved
486:the original
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380:
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366:
357:, a type of
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287:synthesizers
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208:chordophones
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137:articulation
124:synthesizers
119:
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93:synthesizers
91:, including
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66:
1170:Maintenance
1143:Innovations
1089:Split sharp
1079:Frequencies
1020:Synthesizer
946:Harpsichord
884:Instruments
831:Moodswinger
769:Split sharp
686:Synthesizer
681:Human voice
642:Instrument
391:harpsichord
241:hurdy-gurdy
229:lautenwerck
221:harpsichord
148:harpsichord
135:, shading,
113:bell towers
1247:Categories
1107:Expression
976:Reed organ
971:Pipe organ
936:Fortepiano
916:Clavichord
813:3rd bridge
654:in any key
644:intonation
525:2019-03-25
492:2012-10-25
462:References
426:appeared.
404:pianoforte
389:, and the
387:clavichord
359:pipe organ
302:See also:
257:clavichord
201:glasschord
188:idiophones
177:pump organ
173:pipe organ
168:aerophones
152:clavichord
105:idiophones
1138:Acoustics
926:Claviharp
826:Pencilina
821:Monochord
748:Harmonica
416:Beethoven
394:Italy by
355:hydraulis
334:villa in
332:Byzantine
291:mellotron
181:accordion
109:carillons
62:Bandoneon
1025:Virginal
956:Melodica
901:Carillon
896:Calliope
785:natural
728:Bagpipes
671:Trombone
430:See also
376:naturals
363:Claudian
336:Maryamin
279:electric
197:carillon
156:keyboard
144:keyboard
133:phrasing
129:dynamics
120:keyboard
101:celestas
77:keyboard
1153:Aliquot
1117:Sustain
1034:Layouts
988:Orphica
906:Celesta
873:Musical
800:Đàn bầu
676:Timpani
398:as the
298:History
193:celesta
1193:Wrench
1188:Tuning
1178:Action
1148:Wiring
1099:Pedals
1015:Spinet
951:Keytar
575:
516:
414:, and
408:Mozart
150:, the
1158:Cross
993:Piano
961:Organ
911:Chime
795:Guqin
702:Crook
412:Haydn
340:Syria
261:piano
85:organ
81:piano
71:is a
53:shown
36:piano
1112:Soft
1071:Keys
875:and
573:ISBN
514:ISBN
381:The
281:and
95:and
34:The
569:N.B
1249::
545:.
528:.
470:^
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