81:
439:
757:" and asserts that the relevant process constitutes continued human contact. The letter implores SeaWorld to release Tilikum from his tank, stating, "I hope it doesn't take another tragic death for SeaWorld to realize it shouldn't frustrate these smart animals by keeping them in tanks." On December 8, 2010, the SeaWorld VP of Communications responded to Lee's letter via
615:
argued that Dukes was probably not near
Tilikum's tank with any form of malicious intent, but instead that the nature-loving man was "fascinated" by the whale and wanted to visit it. He further argued, "I think the whale probably pulled down, held him underwater. I don't think they know how often we
540:
Steve Huxter, head of animal training at
Sealand at the time, said, "They never had a plaything in the pool that was so interactive. They just got incredibly excited and stimulated." No official motive of the three whales has ever been established, as the case was over twenty years old by the time it
638:
show. The veteran trainer was rubbing
Tilikum as part of a post-show routine when the orca grabbed her and pulled her into the water. SeaWorld stated that Tilikum had grabbed Brancheau by her ponytail, although some witnesses reported seeing him grab her by the arm or shoulder. He scalped her, then
728:
was artificially inseminated using his sperm. She gave birth to
Tilikum's son, Nakai, on September 1, 2001. On May 3, 2002, another female in San Diego, named Takara, bore Tilikum's calf through artificial insemination. Tilikum was also the first successful, surviving grandfather orca in captivity
510:
for a temporary emergency permit to bring
Tilikum to the United States due to concerns for his health. He had been the subject of systematic aggression from Nootka and Haida after the latter gave birth to a calf, Kyuquot, on December 24, 1991, and was confined in a small medical pool that was only
583:
and general vagrancy. These details were often brought up by SeaWorld. At some point on the night on July 6, 1999, Dukes, who had hidden inside the park after it closed, went to the whale pool where
Tilikum was held. The following morning, his body was discovered in the water by SeaWorld staff,
502:
According to the coroner's report, rescue attempts were thwarted by the whales, who refused to let Byrne go even after she was believed to have fallen unconscious in the water. Her corpse was later retrieved with a large net, after which she was determined to be deceased. Her death was ruled an
598:
was the first media to explore Dukes's death extensively. The lack of early coverage of his death later became noted for the way that the media and investigators handle the deaths of homeless and mentally ill individuals, particularly the lack of dignity ascribed to such cases.
639:
bit off her arm during the attack. Brancheau's autopsy indicated death by drowning and blunt force trauma. Brancheau's death resulted in a contentious legal case over the safety of working with orcas and the ethics of keeping live whales and other marine mammals in captivity.
603:
argued against SeaWorld's unflattering description of Dukes as a filthy man with poor hygiene spotted at the park mumbling oddly to himself, stating that "Daniel Dukes was a troubled individual with a history of petty thefts, and questionable decisions but as a human being,
536:
stated that it was unclear what drove
Tilikum and the other whales to attack Byrne, but suggested that years of abuse and cruelty towards Tilikum, including allowing the other whales to rake Tilikum's skin with their teeth until he bled, had made him an aggressive whale.
588:(OCSO) report, a 911 call was received from SeaWorld at 7:25 a.m., at almost the exact time that Dukes's body was spotted. OCSO immediately dispatched Detective Calhoun who arrived at SeaWorld eight minutes later. Dukes's corpse was retrieved and later identified.
471:, Canada. At Sealand, he lived with two older female orcas named Haida II and Nootka IV. As both orcas were pregnant, Haida II and Nootka IV behaved aggressively towards Tilikum, including forcing him into a smaller medical pool where trainers kept him for protection.
498:
to earn extra money. On
February 20, 1991, Byrne was working a shift when she slipped and fell into the whale pool. Witnesses recalled that Byrne screamed and panicked after realizing that one of the whales was holding her foot and dragging her underwater.
712:
Among
Tilikum's other offspring are: Nyar (1993–1996), Unna (1996–2015), Sumar (1998–2010), Tuar (1999), Tekoa (2000), Nakai (2001–2022), Kohana (2002–2022), Ikaika (2002), Skyla (2004–2021), Malia (2007), Sakari (2010) and Makaio (2010).
659:
show. He had on occasion been kept with his daughter Malia, or both Trua and Malia at the same time. In
December 2011, he was put on hiatus from the shows following an undisclosed illness, and resumed performing in April 2012.
414:
in captivity. He measured 22.5 feet (6.9 m) long and weighed about 12,500 pounds (5,700 kg). His pectoral fins were 7 feet (2.1 m) long, his fluke curled under, and his 6.5-foot-tall (2.0 m) dorsal fin was
693:
While at Sealand of the Pacific, Tilikum sired his first calf when he was about eight or nine years old. His first son, Kyuquot, was born to Haida II on December 24, 1991. Kyuquot and his mother were transferred to
1746:
676:. In May 2016, it was reported Tilikum's health was improving. On January 6, 2017, SeaWorld announced that Tilikum had died early in the morning. The cause of death was reported as a bacterial infection.
494:(December 6, 1970 – February 20, 1991) was a 20-year-old Canadian student, animal trainer, and competitive swimmer. She had been working with orcas Tilikum, Nootka IV, and Haida II at
483:
on humans in the wild are rare, and no fatal attacks have been recorded, as of 2024 four humans have died due to interactions with captive orcas. Tilikum was involved in three of those deaths.
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draped over Tilikum's backside as the whale swam around. As SeaWorld claims to have no security tape footage of the pool on that night, it is unclear exactly what transpired. According to the
506:
Shortly after the accident, Sealand management made the decision to sell all of its orcas to SeaWorld and, eventually, to close the park entirely. On January 3, 1992, SeaWorld applied to the
616:
breathe. The problem is that the whales have nothing better to do," O'Barry explains. "They're bored. We literally bore them to death. It's like you living in the bathroom for your life."
390:, which claims that orcas in captivity suffer psychological damage and become unnaturally aggressive. Of the four fatal attacks by orcas in captivity, Tilikum was involved in three:
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981:
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Tilikum returned to performing on March 30, 2011. High-pressure water hoses were used to massage him, rather than hands, and removable guardrails were used on the platforms, as
1865:
761:, stating that PETA's facts were not only inaccurate, but that SeaWorld trainers also "do not now, nor have they ever entered the water with Tilikum for this purpose".
1814:
1738:
2182:
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Little has been published in the media regarding the early life of Dukes. A known drifter with a love of nature and environmentalism, he was known for acts of
1971:
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restricted close contact between orcas and trainers, and reinforced workplace safety precautions after Brancheau's death. He was paired with his grandson
2052:
568:
advocates for Tilikum, have pointed out that Dukes's corpse was found severely mutilated by the whale. Dukes was generally regarded by the media as a
1996:
778:
attendance and revenue. The film and a subsequent online petition led to several popular musical groups cancelling performances at SeaWorld and
532:
and later Brancheau. The latter two deaths occurred after Tilikum had been sold by Sealand of the Pacific to SeaWorld. Experts interviewed for
1891:
1108:
753:
referencing SeaWorld's announcement regarding limiting human contact with Tilikum. In the letter, Lee refers to Tilikum as SeaWorld's "Chief
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611:
The case of Dukes's death has become a frequent example in arguments over the welfare of marine mammals in captivity. Marine mammal trainer
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1094:
742:
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and nuisance rather than a direct victim of Tilikum, although this perception has been challenged with the release of the documentary
608:
death is meaningless. Unwittingly, Dukes will forever be remembered as Tilikum's second victim and SeaWorld's first major incident."
511:
slightly larger than he was. The application was approved on January 8, 1992, and Tilikum was immediately moved to SeaWorld Orlando.
459:
in eastern Iceland. After almost a year in a tank at the Hafnarfjördur Marine Zoo, he was transferred to Sealand of the Pacific, in
701:
Following his arrival at SeaWorld, Tilikum sired many calves with many different females. His first calf born in Orlando was to
1619:
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in January 1993, a year after Tilikum was moved to Seaworld Orlando. Kyuquot has remained at the San Antonio park ever since.
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Dukes's parents filed a lawsuit against SeaWorld two months after their son's death. The lawsuit was later dropped.
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SeaWorld announced in March 2016 that Tilikum's health was deteriorating, and it was thought he had a
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1318:"Three SeaWorld orcas 'driven mad by captivity' ganged up to kill student, 20, in horrifying attack"
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and his death was the second of three attributed to Tilikum. SeaWorld claimed that Dukes was a
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8:
982:"Tilikum, the orca featured in Blackfish doc and blamed for deaths of 3 people, has died"
779:
673:
1945:"US Labor Department's OSHA cites SeaWorld of Florida following animal trainer's death"
1921:
1624:
959:
725:
451:
Tilikum was captured when he was two years old, along with two other young orcas, by a
1492:"'Psychotic' life of SeaWorld orca Tilikum - 'forced drugs', bullied and deadly games"
2302:
1629:
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812:
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with the births of Trua (2005), Nalani (2006), Adán (2010) and Victoria (2012–2013).
427:
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Tilikum sired 21 offspring in captivity, seven of which are alive as of April 2024.
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Tilikum and the captivity of orcas is the main subject of the documentary film
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1892:"SeaWorld Trainer Killed by Whale Had Fractured Jaw and Dislocated Joints"
1769:"New details emerge in death of SeaWorld Orlando trainer in orca incident"
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reported that SeaWorld's president, Terry Prather, received a letter from
1866:"Blackstone chief blames Brancheau for own death, contradicting Seaworld"
655:
and was often seen performing alongside him during the finale of the new
580:
80:
809:
Death at SeaWorld: Shamu and the Dark Side of Killer Whales in Captivity
2298:
754:
569:
2288:
1712:"Killer whale Tilikum to be spared after drowning trainer by ponytail"
1464:"Tilikum's former trainer says dying orca was once 'gentle, passive'"
750:
381:
1739:"SeaWorld Curator: Ponytail Likely Caused Fatal Killer Whale Attack"
1468:
1429:
775:
634:, a 40-year-old SeaWorld trainer. Brancheau was killed following a
515:
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Byrne's death attracted renewed attention after the 2010 death of
2235:"Barenaked Ladies' SeaWorld gig is off after viewing 'Blackfish'"
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373:, Canada. He was subsequently transferred in 1992 to SeaWorld in
362:
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91:
851:
On September 6th and 13th, 2024 the popular true crime podcast,
2183:"Director Gabriela Cowperthwaite gets in deep with 'Blackfish'"
855:
covered Tilikum's history and incidents in two episodes titled
398:, a man trespassing in SeaWorld Orlando; and SeaWorld trainer
108:
430:, means "friends, relations, tribe, nation, common people".
2209:"Seaworld's Profits Drop 84% After 'Blackfish' Documentary"
1917:"'The Killer in the Pool': A Story that Started a Movement"
652:
411:
350:
96:
1291:"Footage Shows Captive Orca Ramming Its Head Against Gate"
1448:
1376:
1266:"Seven Years On: Revisiting the Death of Dawn Brancheau"
2053:"SeaWorld: Tilikum, orca that killed trainer, has died"
2027:"Tilikum, Subject of Documentary 'Blackfish,' Very Ill"
560:
who climbed into Tilikum's pool and drowned, while the
541:
resurfaced in relation to the death of Dawn Brancheau.
394:, a trainer at the now-defunct Sealand of the Pacific;
857:
Episode 588- Horrors Of SeaWorld I- The Perfect Killer
2157:"Tommy Lee Is Against Whale Masturbation. Who Isn't?"
2085:"Tilikum the SeaWorld orca's cause of death revealed"
799:, a number of books have been written about Tilikum:
709:
on September 9, 1993. Taku died on October 17, 2007.
2061:. Associated Press. January 6, 2017. Archived from
1737:Ferran, Lee; Goldman, Russell (February 24, 2010).
1056:"Why Tilikum, SeaWorld's Killer Orca, Was Infamous"
365:in 1983; about a year later, he was transferred to
2174:
1372:"Orca trainer saw best of Keiko, worst of Tilikum"
1844:Office of the Medical examiner, district nine, FL
377:, where he sired 21 calves throughout his life.
2309:
2252:
1656:"Trio of Deaths: The Portrayal of Daniel Dukes"
1594:"Trio of Deaths: The Portrayal of Daniel Dukes"
1240:"Trio of Deaths: The Portrayal of Daniel Dukes"
861:Episode 589- Horrors of SeaWorld II- Free Tilly
1620:"Park Is Sued Over Death of Man in Whale Tank"
1561:
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1949:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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85:Tilikum during a 2009 performance at SeaWorld
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995:
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929:"Intentions of Whale in Killing Are Debated"
1556:
1445:"Inside Seaworld - The Tilikum Transaction"
1195:"Inside Seaworld – The Tilikum Transaction"
1171:. White River Valley Museum. Archived from
1087:"Tilikum, SeaWorld's Killer Orca, is Dying"
23:
1796:"30-minute nightmare in orca's death grip"
1709:
1700:
1518:
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79:
24:
1815:"Tilikum is dead, but his story lives on"
1682:"SeaWorld trainer killed by killer whale"
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992:
939:
825:
782:' "Bands, Brew & BBQ" event in 2014.
167:Involvement in the deaths of three people
2226:
2180:
1972:"SeaWorld whale Tilikum battles illness"
1628:. Associated Press. September 21, 1999.
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32:This is an accepted version of this page
1963:
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1054:Howard, Brian Clark (January 6, 2017).
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2181:Kinosian, Janet (December 12, 2013).
2154:
2135:"Tommy Lee Explodes Over Whale Sperm"
1997:"Caring for Tilikum The Killer Whale"
1566:Edward, Ericson Jr. (July 15, 1999).
1264:Batt, Elizabeth (February 20, 2017).
803:
785:
774:in January 2013 and caused a drop in
630:On February 24, 2010, Tilikum killed
2259:David, John P. (December 16, 2013).
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1812:
1710:Pilkington, Ed (February 25, 2010).
1653:
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1263:
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1163:Watson, Kenneth (Greg) (July 2002).
926:
716:In 1999, Tilikum began training for
1989:
1970:Garcia, Jason (December 22, 2011).
1837:"Autopsy report for Dawn Brancheau"
1369:
1187:
1003:"The Trio of Deaths – Keltie Byrne"
56:
2019:
1864:Garcia, Jason (January 24, 2014).
1085:Zimmermann, Tim (March 10, 2016).
1047:
927:Cave, Damien (February 26, 2010).
905:
442:Tilikum at SeaWorld Orlando (2009)
57:
2349:
2282:
1813:Rapp, Goldie (January 17, 2017).
1749:from the original on May 15, 2016
1654:Batt, Elizabeth (March 7, 2017).
1592:Batt, Elizabeth (March 7, 2017).
1398:Messier, Dianne (February 2011).
1238:Batt, Elizabeth (March 7, 2017).
953:Zimmermann, Tim (July 30, 2010).
529:
508:National Marine Fisheries Service
395:
2233:Duke, Alan (December 27, 2013).
2155:Serpe, Gina (December 8, 2010).
1462:Fisher, Gavin (March 11, 2016).
1370:Kuo, Vivian (October 26, 2013).
1316:Lavender, Jane (June 19, 2020).
811:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
391:
380:Tilikum was heavily featured in
2207:Rhodan, Maya (August 6, 2015).
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1890:Mooney, Mark (March 31, 2010).
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1539:"Man In Whale Tank Was Drifter"
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1490:Bellotti, Alex (May 21, 2021).
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1030:"Man In Whale Tank Was Drifter"
544:
2261:"Blackfish Backlash Continues"
1794:Soltis, Andy (March 3, 2010).
1537:Savino, Lenny (July 8, 1999).
1400:"Verdict of Coroner's Inquest"
1345:"Whales drag trainer to death"
1078:
1028:Savino, Lenny (July 8, 1999).
1021:
974:
920:
911:Document shown in documentary
732:
619:
586:Orange County Sheriff's Office
486:
405:
353:who spent most of his life at
13:
1:
898:
474:
419:completely to his left side.
341:– 6 January 2017), nicknamed
335:
317:(7 alive as of May 2024)
129:
61:Captive male orca (1981–2017)
893:List of individual cetaceans
853:The Last Podcast On The Left
679:
7:
1425:"The Death of Keltie Byrne"
888:Incidents at SeaWorld parks
867:
552:was a 27-year-old man from
10:
2354:
1526:. Magnolia Pictures. 2013.
683:
664:Declining health and death
623:
463:, a suburb of the city of
371:Victoria, British Columbia
63:
2294:Center for Whale Research
770:, which premiered at the
522:and the 2013 documentary
455:net in November 1983, at
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325:12,500 lb (5,700 kg)
321:
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125:
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1091:National Geographic News
1060:National Geographic News
955:"The Killer in the Pool"
410:Tilikum was the largest
39:latest accepted revision
1524:Blackfish (documentary)
826:Zimmerman, Tim (2014).
718:artificial insemination
705:. Katina gave birth to
433:
1660:www.dolphinproject.com
1598:www.dolphinproject.com
1213:"Killer Whale Attacks"
917:states "born 12/1981".
772:Sundance Film Festival
564:'s report, along with
496:Sealand of the Pacific
443:
367:Sealand of the Pacific
1662:. The Dolphin Project
1600:. The Dolphin Project
1139:"Dorsal Fin Collapse"
737:On December 7, 2010,
686:List of captive orcas
594:The 2013 documentary
441:
361:. He was captured in
1819:Putnam County Record
1175:on November 20, 2012
882:Tilikum v. Sea World
696:SeaWorld San Antonio
643:Return to performing
339: December 1981
133: December 1981
64:For other uses, see
2328:Orcas from SeaWorld
2265:The Huffington Post
2144:. December 7, 2010.
2065:on February 4, 2017
1775:. February 24, 2010
1688:. February 25, 2010
1433:. January 16, 2018.
1351:. February 22, 1991
1169:White River Journal
1143:SeaWorld Fact Check
1009:. February 21, 2017
674:bacterial pneumonia
601:The Dolphin Project
384:' 2013 documentary
75:
29:Page version status
2323:2017 animal deaths
2318:1981 animal births
2001:SeaWorld Cares.com
1825:on April 10, 2020.
1625:The New York Times
1405:. The Orca Project
1119:on August 13, 2012
1097:on March 11, 2016.
988:. January 6, 2017.
933:The New York Times
828:Killer in the Pool
786:In popular culture
726:SeaWorld San Diego
444:
73:
35:
2187:Los Angeles Times
2007:on March 10, 2016
1951:. August 23, 2010
1773:Los Angeles Times
1066:on August 2, 2019
837:978-1-61230-163-1
830:. New Word City.
720:. In early 2000,
428:Pacific Northwest
422:His name, in the
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1115:. Archived from
1113:Cetacean Cousins
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2114:Inherently Wild
2110:"Captive Orcas"
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2338:Orca attacks
2270:December 27,
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
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2244:December 27,
2242:. Retrieved
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1981:December 22,
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1718:. London, UK
1716:The Guardian
1715:
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1497:Daily Mirror
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1323:Daily Mirror
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1173:the original
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1064:the original
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805:Kirby, David
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545:Second death
539:
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481:orca attacks
478:
450:
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392:Keltie Byrne
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156:Years active
144:(2017-01-06)
101:Orcinus orca
100:
70:
58:
46:
37:This is the
31:
18:Keltie Byrne
2094:February 4,
2089:Global News
1849:February 9,
1217:Whale Facts
966:December 4,
795:Aside from
747:Mötley Crüe
733:Controversy
620:Third death
613:Ric O'Barry
581:petty theft
487:First death
457:Berufjörður
453:purse-seine
406:Description
2312:Categories
2218:August 14,
2069:January 9,
1955:August 14,
1355:August 27,
1301:August 14,
1275:August 14,
1249:August 14,
1148:August 13,
899:References
755:sperm bank
684:See also:
570:trespasser
503:accident.
475:Fatalities
307:(daughter)
301:(daughter)
295:(daughter)
283:(daughter)
253:(daughter)
247:(daughter)
2037:March 10,
2011:March 10,
1779:April 29,
1722:March 11,
1692:March 11,
1634:0362-4331
1223:August 3,
1179:August 4,
1123:August 4,
1109:"Tilikum"
1070:August 2,
1039:August 2,
1013:August 2,
914:Blackfish
875:Blackfish
797:Blackfish
767:Blackfish
751:Tommy Lee
680:Offspring
657:One Ocean
596:Blackfish
574:Blackfish
534:Blackfish
525:Blackfish
417:collapsed
387:Blackfish
382:CNN Films
220:Offspring
184:Nootka IV
159:1983–2016
113:Icelandic
2289:Orcahome
2166:June 23,
2119:April 2,
1896:ABC News
1753:July 31,
1747:Archived
1743:ABC News
1469:CBC News
1430:Teen Ink
986:CBC News
868:See also
846:Podcasts
807:(2012).
776:SeaWorld
518:trainer
516:SeaWorld
465:Victoria
345:, was a
179:Haida II
66:Tillicum
43:reviewed
2299:Tilikum
2161:E! News
2058:WFLA-TV
759:E! News
749:member
722:Kasatka
672:due to
562:coroner
558:vagrant
461:Oak Bay
426:of the
363:Iceland
359:Florida
347:captive
332:Tilikum
227:Kyuquot
172:Mate(s)
92:Species
74:Tilikum
1929:May 6,
1901:May 6,
1875:May 6,
1666:May 7,
1639:May 7,
1632:
1604:May 7,
1577:May 7,
1548:May 7,
1503:May 6,
1475:May 6,
1409:May 6,
1383:May 6,
1329:May 6,
834:
815:
703:Katina
479:While
447:Origin
322:Weight
311:Makaio
305:Sakari
287:Ikaika
281:Kohana
211:Takara
201:Kalina
196:Gudrun
190:Katina
2138:(PDF)
1840:(PDF)
1403:(PDF)
859:and
791:Books
369:near
349:male
343:Tilly
313:(son)
299:Malia
293:Skyla
289:(son)
277:(son)
275:Nakai
271:(son)
269:Tekoa
265:(son)
259:(son)
257:Sumar
241:(son)
235:(son)
229:(son)
206:Taima
109:Breed
2303:IMDb
2272:2013
2246:2013
2220:2019
2213:Time
2194:2013
2168:2022
2121:2024
2096:2017
2071:2017
2039:2016
2013:2016
1983:2011
1957:2019
1931:2022
1903:2022
1877:2022
1851:2014
1781:2014
1755:2022
1724:2010
1694:2010
1668:2022
1641:2022
1630:ISSN
1606:2022
1579:2022
1550:2022
1505:2022
1477:2022
1411:2022
1385:2022
1357:2024
1331:2022
1303:2019
1277:2019
1251:2019
1225:2019
1181:2012
1150:2019
1125:2012
1072:2019
1041:2019
1015:2019
968:2012
832:ISBN
813:ISBN
745:and
743:PETA
707:Taku
653:Trua
649:OSHA
434:Life
412:orca
351:orca
263:Tuar
251:Unna
245:Nyar
239:Taku
233:Calf
151:, US
139:Died
126:Born
121:Male
97:Orca
2301:at
2239:CNN
2142:TMZ
1686:CNN
1449:PBS
1377:CNN
739:TMZ
467:on
357:in
118:Sex
45:on
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334:(
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