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139:, when James junior joined the business The Keillers' main business remained in running a grocery, and marmalade accounted for only 5% of trade in 1833. James Keiller died in 1839 and the business was continued by his widow, Margaret, and son, Alexander Keiller (1820–1877). In 1840, they moved to a new shop on Castle Street in Dundee, and were also running a small marmalade factory off the High Street. In 1859 the company set up a factory in Guernsey in order to avoid the sugar tax charged on the mainland and with a view to eventually expanding business in the south of England. In 1888 (following the abolition of the sugar tax on the British mainland), the company opened a factory at Tay Wharf,
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132:), to a spreadable semi-liquid form, and only at this point did it begin to be placed on toast (especially morning toast). The shipload was probably no more than some boxes, particularly of Seville oranges, which were used medicinally and in a few recipes but not really consumed fresh as a fruit. The name "marmalade" originates from the Portuguese word "marmelo" or quince, the fruit which made up the preserve with thin bits of peel. Seville orange marmalades contain peel to this day.
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Only in 1867 did marmalade become the predominant company product. This also linked to a conscious promotion programme in the
British colonies. The 19th-century expansions were done under the directorship of John Mitchell Keiller (1851–1899). John took over in 1877 on the death of Alexander. In 1876,
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was purchased by S. W. Smedley and Co., Ltd., of London. The 1923 purchase included about 20,000 barrels of pulp. Work had been suspended at the factory for some time, and it was stated that Messrs
Keiller had spent £132,000 on the plant, which could deal with about 3,000 tons of fruit in a season.
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In the 1760s, Keiller ran a small confectionery shop producing jams in
Seagate, Dundee. Janet Keiller's main modification to the recipe in 1797 may have been the addition of thin strips of orange rind, creating peel or "chip" marmalade. The peel was thought to aid digestion, but the pith and much of
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but the delay caused by the storm had made the oranges less fresh than they ought to have been. The bargain gave his mother, Janet, the opportunity to manufacture a large quantity of marmalade by boiling the bitter oranges with sugar.
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when the
British Trademark Registry Act came into force, Keiller's Dundee Orange Marmalade was one of the first brands to be formally registered. It is believed that James Keiller and Son was also the first to produce
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The true story is that
Marmalade had existed in Spain and Portugal since at least the 15th century and a Scottish recipe for orange marmalade appears in "Mrs McLintoch's Receipts (sic)" of 1736.
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in central Dundee. The grave lies very close to the south-west corner. John
Mitchell Keiller lies in the
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commercially and to give it the distinctive name. By the 1920s, after the firm had been acquired by
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the fiber was discarded. The consistency was also changed, from its former solid form (akin to
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when the ship sought refuge from a raging storm. The ship had started its journey in
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According to a legend, in the 18th century, James
Keiller on speculation bought a
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in London. By the late 19th century the marmalade was shipping as far afield as
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Dundee: Keiller's of Dundee: The Rise of the
Marmalade Dynasty, 1800 – 1879
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Lynda J Murray1999, "A Zest for Life: the story of
Alexander Keiller"
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for export only. Keiller's fruit pulping and canning plant at
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The grave of John
Mitchell Keiller, Western Cemetery, Dundee
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The grave of Alexander Keiller, Western Cemetery, Dundee
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One of Janet Keiller's great-great-great grandsons was
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Made in Scotland: Keiller's Marmalade by Carol Foreman
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Made in Scotland: Keiller's Marmalade, Carol Foreman
386:A History of the County of Essex: Volume 6 (1973)
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239:The Keiller grave, the Howff Cemetery, Dundee
543:Food and drink companies established in 1797
293:"Sticky Situation: James Keiller & Son"
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528:1797 establishments in the British Empire
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345:"James Keiller and Son – Graces Guide"
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503:Food brands of the United Kingdom
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416:"KEILLER'S WISBECH PLANT SOLD".
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418:Aberdeen Press and Journal
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181:Robertson's
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149:New Zealand
487:Categories
449:2 November
354:2 November
269:References
141:Silvertown
66:Created by
493:Marmalade
209:Monty Don
145:Australia
90:marmalade
42:Marmalade
392:26 March
328:Archived
51:Scotland
226:Gallery
189:Wisbech
118:Seville
110:Spanish
104:History
78:Oranges
463:Portal
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199:Legacy
159:, and
94:Dundee
60:Dundee
161:China
157:India
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451:2021
394:2011
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