336:(then known as the University of Alberta at Calgary) for a Bachelor of Education with a specialization in industrial arts, which he completed in 1967. He took summer courses afterwards in social studies to upgrade his degree. During this time, he was employed as a high school automotive mechanics teacher in Red Deer, from 1963 to 1966, and took on social studies in Medicine Hat in 1966. In Medicine Hat, Keegstra taught social studies "by the book" but found the content was largely "written by socialists". In 1968, after his graduation, he found full-time employment as a general teacher in
604:. He held that Parliament's goal was to "prevent the pain suffered by target group members and to reduce racial, ethnic and religious tension and perhaps even violence in Canada." He also referred to historical precedents where hate speech had triggered violence. As well, he held that the offence was carefully tailored to Parliament's concern and that "hatred" captures "only the most severe and deeply felt form of opprobrium". As a result, the offence did not infringe the
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841:, an evangelical minister from Ontario. Keegstra was elected as the party's acting leader on July 27, 1987, after the party's national executive ousted Lainson over his call to rename the party "Christian Freedom". Lainson refused to relinquish the leadership, and Keegstra was expelled from the Social Credit Party and its successor, the Christian Freedom Social Credit Party, in September.
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442:. The trial judge, Justice Quigley, ruled against him. He held that the offence did not infringe freedom of expression, as the promotion of hatred was not the kind of expression that section 2 was designed to protect. In the alternative, if he was wrong on that point, he concluded that the infringement was justified under
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The same 4–3 split occurred on the issue of the reverse onus with respect to proving the truth of the statements. Both
Dickson and McLachlin agreed that the reverse onus infringed the presumption of innocence. However, Dickson held that the reverse onus was justified under section 1, in the overall
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was a fraud and attributing various evil qualities to Jews. He described Jews to his pupils as "treacherous", "subversive", "sadistic", "money-loving", "power hungry", and "child killers". He taught his classes that the Jewish people seek to destroy
Christianity and are responsible for depressions,
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to the position two more times—in 1977 and 1980—serving in the role from 1974 to 1983. As a teacher, he was able to develop strong bonds with male students, often helping them fix their cars, but did not develop strong relationships with female students, as he did not hide his distaste for anything
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Having upheld the constitutionality of the offence provisions, the Court remanded the case to the
Alberta Court of Appeal to deal with the other issues that Keegstra had raised in his appeal, but which that court had not dealt with, in light of its constitutional ruling in Keegstra's favour.
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suspended
Keegstra's membership and tried to expel him because of his antisemitic activism. When the party voted to reinstate Keegstra, Hattersley resigned, saying, "I simply cannot be leader of a party that has people accepted into its ranks that publicly express views of that sort."
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agreed that the provision infringed freedom of expression. He did not agree with the
Alberta Queen's Bench conclusion that some types of expression were not within the meaning of this guarantee. However, he concluded that the offence nonetheless was justified under section 1 of the
620:. She held that the offence was drafted too broadly, and the undefined nature of the term "hatred" was problematic. She concluded that the offence was not proportional to the effect it had on freedom of expression, and therefore could not be upheld under section 1.
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anarchy, chaos, wars, and revolution. According to
Keegstra, the Jews "created the Holocaust to gain sympathy" and, in contrast to the open and honest Christians, were said to be deceptive, secretive, and inherently evil. He taught his students the myth of a
424:. The allegation was that Keegstra "did unlawfully promote hatred against an identifiable group, to wit: the Jewish people, by communicating statements while teaching to students at Eckville High School contrary to the provisions of the Criminal Code."
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In 1983, Keegstra was defeated in his bid for re-election as mayor of
Eckville, by a vote of 278 to 123, with a 92 per cent voter turnout. Residents resented the adverse publicity he had brought on the town and felt that he had damaged its reputation.
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reduced that to a one-year suspended sentence, one year of probation, and 200 hours of community service work. While the
Supreme Court upheld the original conviction and the constitutionality of the law, they did not restore the original sentence.
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provided that it was a defence to the charge if the statements alleged to have been said were true. However, the onus was on the accused person to prove the truth of the statements, on a balance of probabilities. Keegstra argued that this
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The way
Keegstra taught his students was apparently known to the school principal, who ignored complaints from parents. It was not until the parents lodged a complaint with the school board and went to the local newspaper, the
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In addition to the criminal case, Keegstra was dismissed from his teaching position, and his teaching certificate was revoked. He spent the rest of his life farming and working in a custodial position, dying at age 80 in 2014.
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The Court of Appeal ruled in
Keegstra's favour on the constitutional issues. The unanimous three-judge panel found that the criminal offence infringed freedom of expression and could not be justified under section 1 of the
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dissented, for herself and two other judges. She agreed with Dickson that the offence infringed the guarantee of freedom of association, but she disagreed with him on the question of justification under section 1 of the
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When Keegstra's teachings came to light, he was fired by the school board in December 1982. He was subsequently stripped of his teaching certificate. The issue attracted international media coverage.
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The matter then went to trial, which lasted 70 days. Many of Keegstra's former students testified against him. In the end, the jury convicted him of the charge, and the court fined him $ 5,000.
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with wilful promotion of hatred against an identifiable group, the Jewish people, in 1984. The charge led to lengthy litigation over the next twelve years, including three hearings in the
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491:(1991), Keegstra displayed the material in which his views were obtained, admitting that none of it came from mainstream historical sources.
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294:. The family moved around due to poor farming conditions in southern Alberta during the 1930s, eventually settling in Alhambra, Alberta.
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offence of promoting hatred against an identifiable group infringed the constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression, set out in
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in 1990, the Supreme Court set aside the ruling of the Alberta Court of Appeal. By a 4–3 majority, the Supreme Court held that the
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Keegstra was fired as a teacher in December 1982. He then farmed with his brother and worked in a custodial position. He died in
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views and political party, which strongly aligned with their religious beliefs. Aberhart rallied Albertans behind the cause of
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offence of wilfully promoting hatred was constitutional, on both the issue of freedom of expression and that of reverse onus.
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and society on international bankers. Keegstra followed his parents in his position on social credit, attending Aberhart's
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context of the offence. McLachlin disagreed and would have held that the presumption was not justifiable under section 1.
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The events surrounding the charge received substantial international attention. The main Supreme Court decision,
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859:– Canadian teacher found liable under human rights legislation for discriminating against Jewish students
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in the high school in Eckville. In 1982, it came to light that he was teaching his students that
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At his original trial, Keegstra was given a fine of $ 5,000. A subsequent decision by the
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Justice McLachlin, who dissented and would have found the offence unconstitutional
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Canadian Press (July 28, 1987). "Socreds pick Keegstra as interim party leader".
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in 1954. He took an interest in auto mechanics and received his trade papers in
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Canadian Press (June 20, 1983). "Keegstra back in, Socred leader quits".
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239:(March 30, 1934 – June 2, 2014) was a public school teacher and mayor in
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In Eckville, Keegstra held various community roles: He was a deacon and
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537: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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He also brought a new challenge, relating to the defence of truth. The
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International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust
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1212:"Parlinfo – Party files – Leadership – Social Credit Party of Canada"
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1987:
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In 1984, the Attorney General of Alberta charged Keegstra under the
431:, Keegstra applied to have this charge quashed. He argued that the
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The Other Side: The Secret Relationship Between Nazism and Zionism
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1089:"Jim Keegstra, notorious Canadian Holocaust denier, dead at 80",
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309:' social credit theory, which blamed many of the challenges of
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Gesellschaft zur Rechtlichen und Humanitären Unterstützung
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teacher and in 1974 became mayor of the community. He was
27:
Canadian teacher convicted of promoting hatred (1934–2014)
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1193:"For the record Keegstra out of Socreds, leader says".
1124:, 1984 CanLII 1313, 19 CCC (3d) 254, 87 AR 200 (AB QB).
853:– Keegstra's lawyer, politician, and far-right activist
464:, again arguing that the criminal offence violated the
1002:, Saskatoon, SK: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1985.
363:, on June 2, 2014, and was survived by four children.
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violated the presumption of innocence guaranteed by
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While in Alhambra, Keegstra finished high school in
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Keegstra's parents were strong believers in Premier
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Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime
1893:On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians
1591:Negationism of the military dictatorship of Brazil
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992:Keegstra: The Trial, the Issues, the Consequences
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1105:"Anti-semitic Mayor is Defeated for Re-election"
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2053:Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt
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1139:, February 7, 2006 (reviewed August 25, 2021).
2505:Canadian people convicted of Holocaust denial
1993:Centre for the Study of the Causes of the War
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822:In 1986, Keegstra ran unsuccessfully for the
1054:Peter Hayman, "The Talmud & the Trial,"
2465:Alberta candidates for Member of Parliament
737:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
662:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
332:in 1957. Later in 1959, he enrolled at the
2125:A History of the Palestinian People (2017)
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1153:, 1988 ABCA 234 (CanLII), 43 CCC (3d) 150.
1018:"Holocaust denier Keegstra dead at age 80"
1005:
42:
2090:Coverage of the Hillsborough disaster by
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757:Learn how and when to remove this message
682:Learn how and when to remove this message
595:Speaking for the majority, Chief Justice
553:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2510:Canadian politicians convicted of crimes
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811:, coming in last place in each attempt.
791:Keegstra was a longtime activist in the
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389:whose blueprint allegedly came from the
1866:There was no such thing as Palestinians
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503:First appeal to the Supreme Court: 1990
439:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
259:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
14:
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1564:Denial of state terrorism in Argentina
826:with the support of white supremacist
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468:s guarantee of freedom of expression.
111:July 27, 1987 – July 28, 1987
2500:Social Credit Party of Canada leaders
1397:Atrocities against Indigenous peoples
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1260:A trust betrayed: the Keegstra affair
1043:A Trust Betrayed: The Keegstra Affair
795:and was a candidate for the party in
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371:
1444:U.S. cover-up of Japanese war crimes
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735:adding citations to reliable sources
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660:adding citations to reliable sources
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535:adding citations to reliable sources
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489:Canada's Hate Law: The Keegstra Case
460:Keegstra took his conviction to the
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243:, Canada, who was charged under the
2048:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1097:
24:
2023:Iğdır Genocide Memorial and Museum
25:
2526:
2137:The Hoax of the Twentieth Century
1882:Allegations of genocide in Donbas
1774:Destruction of Armenian heritage
1681:Destruction of cultural heritage
1638:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
315:Calgary Prophetic Bible Institute
2475:Canadian people of Dutch descent
2429:
2428:
707:
632:
511:
403:, that the issue became public.
2515:People convicted of hate crimes
2033:Institute for Historical Review
2028:Institute for Armenian Research
1851:Denial of the 7 October attacks
1752:Shakespeare authorship question
1461:Denial of the 7 October attacks
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837:. He lost by 67 votes to 38 to
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573:The Crown then appealed to the
522:needs additional citations for
1757:Territorial losses of Thailand
1256:; Wertheimer, Douglas (1985).
1060:, September 13, 1985, pp. 7-9.
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978:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
966:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
951:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
934:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
922:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
910:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
898:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
877:Bercuson & Wertheimer 1985
814:In 1983, Social Credit leader
272:the country's hate speech laws
13:
1:
2470:Canadian conspiracy theorists
2144:I Am More Than a Wolf Whistle
1963:Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth
1579:Lost Cause of the Confederacy
1412:Genocide of Serbs during WWII
1350:school textbook controversies
1264:. Toronto: Doubleday Canada.
1135:John Boyko, "Keegstra Case",
863:
857:Malcolm Ross (school teacher)
793:Social Credit Party of Canada
773:
699:Remand to the Court of Appeal
99:Social Credit Party of Canada
2297:Lehideux and Isorni v France
2184:Report about Case Srebrenica
2158:Journal of Historical Review
1660:Censorship of Great Zimbabwe
7:
2485:Mayors of places in Alberta
2099:Did Six Million Really Die?
1732:Like sheep to the slaughter
989:Steve Mertl and John Ward,
844:
10:
2531:
2305:Irving v Penguin Books Ltd
2222:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing
2043:Turkish Historical Society
1574:Ferdinand Marcos apologism
997:December 23, 2019, at the
462:Court of Appeal of Alberta
2490:People from Vulcan County
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2366:Historical misconceptions
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1909:Denial of Crimean Tatars
1738:Myth of the golden exile
427:At his trial before the
2480:Canadian schoolteachers
2313:Perinçek v. Switzerland
1743:Phantom time hypothesis
1337:Knowledge falsification
780:Alberta Court of Appeal
575:Supreme Court of Canada
387:Jewish world conspiracy
281:
251:Supreme Court of Canada
2411:Genocide justification
2374:Accusation in a mirror
2361:Historical revisionism
2177:The Ottoman Lieutenant
1628:Allah as a lunar deity
1515:Double genocide theory
1311:Historical negationism
1214:. Parliament of Canada
851:Doug Christie (lawyer)
809:1984 federal elections
570:
414:First trial: 1984–1985
2106:Falsifiers of History
2084:The Birth of a Nation
1835:Stab-in-the-back myth
1612:Operation Legacy (UK)
1479:Austria victim theory
1197:. September 12, 1987.
1137:Canadian Encyclopedia
591:Freedom of expression
577:. In its decision in
568:
482:section 11(d) of the
429:Alberta Queen's Bench
334:University of Calgary
292:Dutch Reformed Church
286:Keegstra was born in
255:freedom of expression
97:Acting Leader of the
2232:Nation Europa Verlag
2008:FactCheckArmenia.com
1904:Censorship of images
1621:Other manifestations
1504:Italiani brava gente
731:improve this section
656:improve this section
531:improve this article
326:Rocky Mountain House
311:the Great Depression
2396:Conspiracy theories
2380:Ash heap of history
1937:Sun Language Theory
1702:Myth of English aid
1254:Bercuson, David Jay
787:Social Credit Party
319:Social Credit Party
2356:Historical fiction
2151:Jasenovac – istina
2077:A Verdade Sufocada
1983:Adelaide Institute
1887:All-Russian nation
1844:Israel / Palestine
1823:Myth of Langemarck
1802:Western Azerbaijan
1665:Christ myth theory
1633:Ancient astronauts
1543:Other whitewashing
1417:Croatian Knowledge
1407:Cambodian genocide
824:party's leadership
613:Beverley McLachlin
571:
456:First appeal: 1988
372:Factual background
2442:
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2401:False attribution
2344:
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2324:International law
2210:Publishing houses
1971:
1970:
1958:Irish slaves myth
1778:Cemetery in Julfa
1721:Khazar hypothesis
1676:Damnatio memoriae
1559:Czechoslovak myth
1538:
1537:
1451:Rohingya genocide
1392:Armenian genocide
1271:978-0-385-25003-0
1022:Red Deer Advocate
816:Martin Hattersley
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400:Red Deer Advocate
367:Court proceedings
361:Red Deer, Alberta
241:Eckville, Alberta
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60:Eckville, Alberta
16:(Redirected from
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1439:Nanjing Massacre
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1402:Bosnian genocide
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2070:A Town Betrayed
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1953:1776 Commission
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1927:Denial of Kurds
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1358:Rationalization
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1024:. June 13, 2014
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184:Political party
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171:
160:Vulcan, Alberta
158:
152:
150:
128:
116:
110:
105:
87:
77:
71:
66:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Cherry picking
2388:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2336:Right to truth
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
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2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2237:
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2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2131:Hitler Diaries
2128:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1932:History Thesis
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1820:
1818:Borussian myth
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1797:Nizami Ganjavi
1794:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1747:New chronology
1740:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:Dunning School
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1546:
1545:of governments
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1522:Vichy syndrome
1519:
1518:
1517:
1510:Trivialization
1507:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1431:
1429:Katyn massacre
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1385:and atrocities
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1365:Victim blaming
1361:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1333:
1330:Disinformation
1326:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1235:Globe and Mail
1225:
1200:
1195:Globe and Mail
1182:
1177:Globe and Mail
1167:
1156:
1151:R. v. Keegstra
1142:
1127:
1122:R. v. Keegstra
1110:
1096:
1081:
1076:R. v. Keegstra
1062:
1047:
1035:
1004:
982:
970:
955:
938:
926:
914:
902:
881:
868:
867:
865:
862:
861:
860:
854:
846:
843:
839:Harvey Lainson
788:
785:
775:
772:
765:
764:
715:
713:
706:
700:
697:
690:
689:
640:
638:
631:
625:
622:
592:
589:
561:
560:
519:
517:
510:
504:
501:
457:
454:
415:
412:
378:social studies
373:
370:
368:
365:
283:
280:
224:
223:
220:
219:
213:Respondent in
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
174:(aged 80)
168:
164:
163:
157:March 30, 1934
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:Harvey Lainson
131:
125:
124:
122:Harvey Lainson
119:
113:
112:
102:
101:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
63:
62:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
36:James Keegstra
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2527:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:Organizations
1974:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:United States
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:Soviet Union
1899:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Temple denial
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Islamic State
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:Book burnings
1646:
1644:
1643:Antiquization
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:Neo-Stalinism
1605:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:mass killings
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:Pseudohistory
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1273:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1229:
1218:September 18,
1213:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1078:, 3 SCR 697.
1077:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
986:
980:, p. 19.
979:
974:
968:, p. 18.
967:
962:
960:
953:, p. 17.
952:
947:
945:
943:
936:, p. 10.
935:
930:
923:
918:
911:
906:
899:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
878:
873:
869:
858:
855:
852:
849:
848:
842:
840:
836:
833:
829:
825:
820:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
784:
781:
771:
761:
758:
750:
740:
736:
732:
726:
725:
721:
716:This section
714:
710:
705:
704:
696:
686:
683:
675:
665:
661:
657:
651:
650:
646:
641:This section
639:
635:
630:
629:
621:
619:
614:
609:
607:
603:
598:
597:Brian Dickson
588:
586:
585:Criminal Code
582:
581:
576:
567:
557:
554:
546:
536:
532:
526:
525:
520:This section
518:
514:
509:
508:
500:
498:
492:
490:
486:
485:
479:
474:
473:Criminal Code
469:
467:
463:
453:
450:
448:
447:
441:
440:
434:
433:Criminal Code
430:
425:
423:
422:
421:Criminal Code
411:
407:
404:
402:
401:
394:
392:
388:
383:
382:the Holocaust
379:
364:
362:
357:
355:
350:
346:
345:Sunday school
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:social credit
300:
295:
293:
289:
279:
275:
273:
269:
268:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:
246:Criminal Code
242:
238:
234:
230:
221:
218:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
188:Social Credit
186:
182:
178:
169:
165:
161:
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
126:
123:
120:
114:
108:
103:
100:
95:
91:
85:
81:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2378:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2241:Legal status
2227:Munin Verlag
2217:Arndt Verlag
2182:
2175:
2168:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2123:
2118:Folk og Land
2116:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2062:Publications
2038:Nippon Kaigi
1891:
1856:Nakba denial
1745: /
1730:
1726:LGBT erasure
1713:
1690:Saudi Arabia
1674:
1600: /
1553:Cuba de ayer
1551:
1528:Sonderaktion
1527:
1502:
1494: /
1485:
1363:
1356:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1259:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1194:
1176:
1170:
1164:CBC Archives
1159:
1150:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1075:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1021:
990:
985:
973:
929:
924:, p. 9.
917:
912:, p. 8.
905:
900:, p. 7.
879:, p. 6.
872:
835:Ernst Zündel
821:
813:
790:
777:
768:
753:
744:
729:Please help
717:
693:
678:
669:
654:Please help
642:
624:Reverse onus
617:
610:
605:
601:
594:
584:
580:R v Keegstra
578:
572:
549:
540:
529:Please help
524:verification
521:
496:
493:
488:
483:
478:reverse onus
472:
470:
465:
459:
451:
445:
438:
432:
426:
419:
417:
408:
405:
398:
395:
375:
358:
342:
323:
307:C.H. Douglas
296:
285:
276:
267:R v Keegstra
265:
263:
244:
236:
232:
228:
227:
216:R v Keegstra
214:
172:(2014-06-02)
170:June 2, 2014
129:Succeeded by
106:
92:Harold Leach
88:Succeeded by
82:Hans Coppens
67:
29:
2460:2014 deaths
2455:1934 births
2249:Statute law
2194:Conferences
2003:Dalit Voice
1826: [
1786: [
1705: [
1594: [
1246:Works cited
828:Don Andrews
117:Preceded by
78:Preceded by
2449:Categories
2416:Propaganda
2386:Censorship
2289:R v Zundel
1783:Nakhchivan
1767:Azerbaijan
1695:Gaza Strip
1496:Speer myth
1380:denial of
864:References
774:Sentencing
257:under the
202:Occupation
153:1934-03-30
1715:Izbrisani
1670:Dacianism
1486:Wehrmacht
1471:Holocaust
1424:Holodomor
1323:Denialism
1028:April 12,
747:July 2023
718:does not
672:July 2023
643:does not
543:July 2023
349:acclaimed
330:Carstairs
210:Known for
107:In office
72:1974–1983
68:In office
58:Mayor of
2434:Category
2281:Case law
2112:Flatline
1091:CBC News
995:Archived
845:See also
797:Red Deer
611:Justice
466:Charter'
354:feminism
352:akin to
338:Eckville
237:Keegstra
194:Children
179:, Canada
162:, Canada
18:Keegstra
2349:Related
2272:Germany
2262:Belgium
2257:Austria
2092:The Sun
1811:Germany
1045:, p. x,
799:in the
739:removed
724:sources
664:removed
649:sources
618:Charter
606:Charter
602:Charter
497:Charter
484:Charter
446:Charter
2316:(2013)
2308:(2000)
2300:(1998)
2292:(1992)
2267:France
1988:ASİMKK
1920:Turkey
1875:Russia
1492:Rommel
1484:Clean
1268:
807:, and
391:Talmud
1998:CODOH
1830:]
1790:]
1709:]
1602:Chile
1598:]
229:James
2018:HIAG
1653:list
1530:1005
1266:ISBN
1220:2007
1030:2020
830:and
805:1974
801:1972
722:any
720:cite
647:any
645:cite
282:Life
167:Died
147:Born
733:by
658:by
533:by
301:'s
233:Jim
2451::
1828:de
1788:ru
1707:es
1596:pt
1378:/
1203:^
1185:^
1113:^
1065:^
1020:.
1007:^
958:^
941:^
884:^
803:,
608:.
449:.
356:.
274:.
235:"
1303:e
1296:t
1289:v
1274:.
1237:.
1222:.
1179:.
1032:.
760:)
754:(
749:)
745:(
741:.
727:.
685:)
679:(
674:)
670:(
666:.
652:.
556:)
550:(
545:)
541:(
527:.
231:"
197:4
155:)
151:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
