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of a person who had acquired a supernatural or godly status after death, and who had become the protector of the family". These supernatural powers allowed the reincarnated spirits to return to earth to provide influential guidance to the remaining family. It was believed that these powers allowed
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Kaumātua never self-proclaim their elder status, as the rules of mana prohibit this; instead the people acknowledge an elder's status as kaumātua. Kaumātua comport themselves with humility, honesty, and integrity, and typically possess deep knowledge of a particular subject such as
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Whilst the importance of kaumātua guidance has been predominantly acknowledged by Māori, greater awareness in non-Māori circles is beginning to acknowledge their knowledge bases as well. Non-Māori kaimatai hinengaro treating Māori clients or carrying out
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the kaumātua transform themselves into birds, fish and insects. Elders of the tribe made reference to these transformed states when predicting the future and fortunes of the tribe. Additionally, along with leadership and guidance of family and
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on Māori are realizing the benefits of working under the guidance of kaumātua. For kaimatai hinengaro carrying out health research on Māori, kaumātua of local iwi can be contacted through
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are maintained. Barlow (1994) refers to kaumātua as being the "keepers of knowledge and traditions of the family, sub-tribe and tribe". Although the term
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for a number of years. They are appointed by their people who believe the chosen elders have the capacity to teach and guide both current and
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Kaumātua are essential to any Māori community as well as health organisations which have affiliations with Māori. This includes
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literally means "no parents" and reflects how the parents of older generations have passed on.
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Working with Māori / Te Mahi Tahi Ki Te Māori: A Beginner's Guide for
Employers
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is widely used to refer to all elders, male kaumātua are more correctly called
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or tikanga, and know people who have expertise in other fields.
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321:. Auckland: Equal Opportunities Trust.
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306:. Auckland: Oxford University Press.
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269:"Tikanga definitions of kaumātua"
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278:17 August
173:whakapapa
132:The word
158:kaumātua
135:kaumātua
97:kaumātua
75:language
49:kaumātua
18:Kaumatua
79:history
70:tikanga
179:Powers
105:koroua
61:whānau
190:marae
150:mātua
57:Māori
55:in a
53:elder
280:2004
124:kuia
114:koro
89:and
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83:mana
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109:or
91:iwi
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