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of Harris County and the City
Controller, Whitmire, sending the race to a runoff between the latter two. There was a sharp contrast between Whitmire and Heard in the runoff election. Heard was 63 years old, with 25 years of experience in political office. Whitmire was only 35 and had little political experience. She said in her speeches that her opponent's experience was too narrowly focused on law enforcement. According to one report, Heard spent $ 1.5 million on the race, while his opponent spent $ 650,000. While Heard had credibility with those who were more concerned about law and order or maintaining the status quo, Whitmire campaigned on her fiscal conservatism and moderate-to-liberal views on social issues. Whitmire was supported by a coalition of women, minorities, and other groups who were looking for a more progressive city government. These voters had been strengthened by the wave of newcomers who had moved into Houston during the boom years. She won the race with 170,695 votes (62.49%) to Heard's 102,446 votes (37.51%)
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critic of Mayor
Whitmire's plan for Houston Metro to build a monorail system. Supporters of the Metro agency decided that it was prudent to compromise with Lanier, so they agreed to fund more street improvements, rather than concentrate solely on a rail system. Lanier soon became chairman of the Metro system board. The mayor fired Lanier from his Metro position in December 1989. It proved to be fatal to Whitmire's political future. Unable to find another satisfactory candidate for her office, Lanier decided to challenge her himself. The hot-button issues for the 1991 election became fear of street crime and skepticism about the functionality of an expensive monorail system proposed by Whitmire. Lanier promised to cancel the latter and put more police on the streets. Lanier made inroads into Whitmire's white supporters, while a black candidate, Sylvester Turner, cut into her black support. She placed third with 20% of the vote and thus failed to make the run-off election. Lanier would go on to defeat Turner for the mayoralty.
420:, who had been appointed as Commissioner of Immigration for the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Whitmire was elected to finish Castillo's term. She won the race for a full two-year term in a landslide, defeating Steve Jones in the Runoff Elections with 110,762 votes (58.57%) to Jones' 78,365 votes (41.44%), making history as the first woman ever to hold the office. Upon being inaugurated on January 2, 1978, Whitmire criticized the late then-Mayor Jim McConn for his inefficiency and lax administration. Becoming familiar with "sweetheart contracts", that had often been awarded to friends and supporters of influential office holders, she stopped the practice by rigorously enforcing observance of the Open Bidding laws. She also diligently looked for inefficiencies or outright wasteful practices in each of the city offices. Although this angered many "insiders", she won election in 1979 to a second term, becoming the first female elected to a top job in the Houston City government.
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453:. Brown had previously served as Commissioner of Public Safety, in Atlanta, Georgia. In Houston, he introduced the concept of Community Policing, creating improved relationships between the police department and the various diverse communities of the city. He left Houston in 1990 to serve as Police Commissioner of New York City. Brown was succeeded by the city's first female police chief,
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500:. In 1995 and 1996, Whitmire served as lecturer on Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and was a Fellow at Harvard's Institute of Politics. In 1997, she accepted a position at the newly formed Academy of Leadership at the University of Maryland College Park campus. She is credited with attracting former U.S. Senator
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and supported Welch, who, however, did not accept its endorsement. The issue failed to affect
Whitmire's support. She won the election, getting 59.8 percent of the votes. The Straight Slate did force two city council members, Anthony Hall and Judson Robinson, into runoffs which they then won. Whitmire's string of victories ended with the
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Bob Lanier was a wealthy attorney who was considered a political kingmaker in
Houston. During the 1980s, he had sold off much of his investment portfolio, just in time to avoid the economic collapse that engulfed many other investors. Appointed as chairman of the Texas Highway Commission, he became a
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Whitmire decided to run for mayor in the 1981 election. The incumbent, Jim McConn, had already served two terms in the office and was supported by the business community, who had largely controlled city politics for decades. However, McConn lost in the general election to Jack Heard, formerly
Sheriff
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The "good old boy network" that once controlled city politics has lost much of its political clout. It can no longer count on support by the local news media. Many of the reforms that occurred during that period are still in effect. Elected city offices are still more open to minority candidates.
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Unlike most of
Houston's former mayors who are still living, Whitmire has moved away from the city. She has said that she has no plans to return, although she visits the city regularly to see family and friends. In 2001, Whitmire moved to Hawaii, where she became an active investor in real estate.
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attempted a comeback in the 1985 election, he was unable to mount a convincing argument that he could more ably lead the city out of a recession than
Whitmire could. Instead, the opposition to Whitmire focused on public fears about the AIDS epidemic. A so-called "Straight Slate" opposed gay rights
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Soon after
Whitmire left office, Bob Stein, a political scientist at Rice University, said that her legacy was to make the city operate more efficiently, citing improvements in fundamental operations like garbage collection and public transportation. He added, "She brought (Houston) into the 21st
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The developers and bankers and oil millionaires who used to handpick candidates can no longer be said to dominate the political scene. Houston is home today to too many different kinds of people, with too many different sets of values and interests, for any one group to control elections so
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In office, she implemented many reforms to city finances, enabling new programs without raising taxes. Her appointment of the city's first
African American police chief and the first Hispanic woman as presiding judge of the Municipal Court, her support of a failed job rights bill preventing
496:. At Rice, she served as director of the Rice Institute for Policy Analysis and held the Tsanoff Lectureship in Public Affairs. In the latter position she taught courses in public policy, management, and political science. In 1994, she was appointed president and CEO of
523:, Whitmire's long-time friend and supporter, ran for mayor of Houston in 2009, Whitmire flew there to show her support by hosting a fund raiser. Parker ultimately won the election and became the city's first gay mayor. In 2023, Whitmire's former brother-in-law
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Folkenflik, David. "Former mayor, future leaders Campus: Kathyrn J. Whitmire is wrapping up her first year at the
University of Maryland, College Park's Academy of Leadership, where she hopes to prepare members of a new generation to guide their communities."
331:, serving for five consecutive two-year terms from 1982 to 1992. From 1977 to 1981, she was the city controller, a position which made her the first woman elected to any office in the city. Whitmire drew national attention when she defeated former
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Prior to the mayoral election, a referendum repealed the 1982 non-discrimination ordinance. Despite Whitmire's strong opposition to the repeal, she won the mayoral race in the general election. Welch, who strongly supported the referendum,
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Kathy Whitmire's exposure to and interest in city politics began in her parents' home. Her father had been active in precinct-level politics, and the family frequently talked about local political issues. Her husband's brother,
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There have been two African-Americans (Lee P. Brown and Sylvester Turner) and one woman (Annise Parker) elected to the mayor's office. A number of minority members have been elected as council members and as city controller.
472:. She won that election, getting about 60 percent of the vote. She was re-elected in 1987, winning 74 percent of the vote. Her closest rival in a field of six was Bill Anderson, who only received 12 percent of the vote.
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Served as second vice-president on the board of directors of the Texas Municipal League and was a member of the board of trustees of the UH Foundation and the executive committee of the Houston Economic Development
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degree in 1970. In that same year, she married a fellow student, James M. (Jim) Whitmire, who died in 1976. In 1970, she began working in the Houston office of the well-known accounting firm
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Jack Heard in her election as mayor. The election drew national focus because it symbolized a major political realignment in the fourth-largest city in the United States.
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592:) in city administration." His concluding opinion was, "I think she really was one of the great administrative mayors of this city's history, maybe the finest."
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Distinguished Sales Award by the Sales and Marketing Executives Society of Houston for her economic development efforts for Houston. (1987)
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Distinguished Professional Woman by the Committee on the Status of Women at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston(1987)
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391:(CPA), and opened an accounting firm with her husband. She also served on the faculty of the Department of Business Management at the
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She married Alan J. Whelms in 2002. Whitmire commutes by air to work at the University of Maryland, where she is a professor at the
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with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in accounting in 1968. She continued her studies at the university to earn a
1098:"Former Mayor and Former Controller Kathy Whitmire visits Controller Green." Houston City Controller's Office.August 26, 2010.
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327:; born August 15, 1946) is an American politician, businesswoman, and accountant best known as the first woman to serve as
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In 1985, Whitmire received the Michael A. DiNunzio Award for Partnerships for Youth from the U.S. Conference of Mayors
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Kathy Niederhofer received her basic education in the Houston Independent School District, ultimately graduating from
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discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, among other acts, cemented her support among many minority groups.
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In 1987, she co-chaired the National League of Cities' (NLC) International Economic Development Task Force and
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was the 1987 chair of the NLC's Finance, Administration and Intergovernmental Relations Steering Committee
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Radowick, Peter. "Former Mayor Kathy Whitmire Heads Houston Hall of Fame Class of 2010." August 26, 2010.
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359:. Lanier defeated Turner in the December runoff. Whitmire has never run for political office again.
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Michael A. DiNunzio Award for Partnerships for Youth from the U.S. Conference of Mayors (1985)
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Tompkins-Walsh, Teresa. "HISTORICALLY HOUSTON Kathy Whitmire Houston’s Candidate of Firsts."
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Whitmire has received numerous awards for her efforts and accomplishments, including:
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Jim Whitmire died after a 10-year fight with juvenile diabetes and its complications.
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Institute of Human Relations Award from the International New Thought Alliance (1986)
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After City Treasurer Henry Kriegel was appointed to serve out the unexpired term of
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Brown later returned to live in Houston, and successfully ran for mayor in 1997.
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McKinley, Jr., James C. "Houston Is Largest City to Elect Openly Gay Mayor."
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International Business Award from the Houston World Trade Association (1985)
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Reinhold, Robert. "Aids Issue Seen as Minor Factor in Houston Vote."
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After the 1991 election, Whitmire turned her talents to teaching at
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Harsch, Jonathan. "Houston's city controller wins mayoral race."
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Public Service Award from the American Society of Women CPAs (1984)
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Garcia later ran for Houston City Controller and Commissioner of
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856:"Kathryn J. Whitmire Papers." Texas Archival Resources Online.
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Whitmire was the first mayor to appoint an African American,
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On July 1, 2005, Whitmire became the volunteer president of
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to join the academy as a scholar and chairman of the board.
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Stevens, William K. "The Houston that was loses its hold."
656:. More recently Garcia has served in the Texas Legislature.
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when she was defeated by long-time political power broker
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Inducted into the Houston Hall of Fame on August 26, 2010
1007:"Popular, powerful Houston Mayor Bob Lanier dies at 89"
465:, as presiding judge of the Houston Municipal Court.
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2138:
Presidents of the United States Conference of Mayors
468:In 1985, she ran for mayor against five-term mayor
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President of the United States Conference of Mayors
1110:Smith, Roger. "Ex-Mayors shaped today's Houston."
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1183:, Houston Oral History Project, July 14, 2008.
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2133:University of Maryland, College Park faculty
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510:James MacGregor Burns Academy of Leadership.
141:December 13, 1977 – January 2, 1982
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2088:American members of the Churches of Christ
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58:January 2, 1982 – January 2, 1992
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387:. She also began working to qualify as a
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241: 1970; died 1976)
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925:"Kathryn Jean Niederhofer Whitmire."
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527:ran for the office, and won after a
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310:, politician, accountant, professor
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1264:United States Conference of Mayors
1005:Miller, Doug (December 20, 2014).
912:"Houston City Controller - Runoff"
784:Currie, Glenne (January 2, 1982).
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1181:Mayor Kathy Whitmire Oral History
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393:University of Houston–Downtown
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1145:"Whitmire's 10-year legacy."
1062:"Kathy Whitmire" Frogpond.com
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2118:University of Houston alumni
1151:Retrieved December 22, 2015.
1123:Retrieved December 12, 2015.
1034:Nakaso, Dan (July 3, 2005).
993:Houston Lifestyles and Homes
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2143:21st-century American women
1100:Accessed December 13, 2015.
1088:Accessed December 11, 2015.
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389:Certified Public Accountant
371:. She then enrolled at the
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2083:American women accountants
1167:Accessed December 29, 2015
1135:Accessed December 8, 2015.
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1067:December 22, 2015, at the
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839:Accessed December 13, 2015
529:runoff on December 9, 2023
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1214:Mayor of Houston, Texas
1041:The Honolulu Advertiser
929:2004. Encyclopedia.com.
869:"Past City Controllers"
673:was sold to new owners.
412:Houston City Controller
369:San Jacinto High School
276:(former brother-in-law)
130:Houston City Controller
1119:March 4, 2016, at the
1036:"Outdoor Circle grows"
786:"Houston's Lady Mayor"
494:University of Maryland
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1147:The Victoria Advocate
810:"Whitmire v. Kriegel"
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381:Master of Accountancy
373:University of Houston
349:1991 mayoral election
333:Harris County Sheriff
321:Kathryn Jean Whitmire
298:University of Houston
2078:American accountants
975:. November 22, 1981.
959:. November 19, 1981.
890:"Leonel J. Castillo"
654:Harris County, Texas
1165:. December 12, 2009
1149:. November 7, 1981.
995:. December 15, 2015
837:. November 7, 1985.
606:Politics of Houston
480:After the mayorship
385:Coopers and Lybrand
16:American politician
2108:People from Hawaii
1262:Presidents of the
1199:Political offices
533:Sheila Jackson Lee
514:The Outdoor Circle
498:Junior Achievement
490:Harvard University
432:. As noted by the
342:When former mayor
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329:Mayor of Houston
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228:Jim Whitmire
159:Succeeded by
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124:Robert Isaac
119:Succeeded by
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76:Succeeded by
53:
18:
2068:1946 births
2017:K. Whitmire
2007:F. Hofheinz
1987:R. Hofheinz
1580:Plusquellic
1540:R. M. Daley
1350:R. J. Daley
1187:Appearances
470:Louie Welch
344:Louie Welch
325:Niederhofer
163:Lance Lalor
147:Preceded by
107:Preceded by
64:Preceded by
2062:Categories
1887:Scherffius
1365:Celebrezze
1295:La Guardia
1224:Bob Lanier
1218:1982–1992
1207:Jim McConn
690:References
363:Early life
353:Bob Lanier
304:Profession
293:Alma mater
212:Democratic
187:1946-08-15
81:Bob Lanier
69:Jim McConn
1937:Hutcheson
1932:Pastoriza
1817:Whitmarsh
1565:M. Morial
1550:Corradini
1485:E. Morial
1450:McNichols
1445:Alexander
1405:Maltester
1385:Blaisdell
1112:CitySavvy
746:Education
734:Biography
588:Century (
424:Mayoralty
270:Relations
137:In office
101:1989–1990
97:In office
54:In office
2047:Whitmire
1992:Holcombe
1982:Holcombe
1967:Holcombe
1962:Fonville
1957:Holcombe
1952:Monteith
1947:Holcombe
1927:Campbell
1907:Woolford
1902:Brashear
1822:Hutchins
1650:Benjamin
1525:Abramson
1505:Whitmire
1465:Boosalis
1390:Cavanagh
1355:Dilworth
1330:Robinson
1320:Kennelly
1315:Lawrence
1285:Walmsley
1117:Archived
1065:Archived
1016:July 11,
758:Politics
600:See also
492:and the
459:Hispanic
1972:Pickett
1942:Amerman
1917:Jackson
1852:Scanlan
1842:McGowan
1807:McGowan
1797:Stevens
1782:Buckner
1767:Baldwin
1757:Andrews
1752:Bigelow
1726:Houston
1680:Ginther
1675:Schieve
1660:Fischer
1655:Barnett
1640:Cornett
1630:Johnson
1605:Nickles
1585:O'Neill
1520:Althaus
1500:Holland
1495:Berkley
1480:Padilla
1460:Hatcher
1400:Schrunk
1375:Selland
1345:Poulson
696:Portals
575:Council
441:easily.
263:
255:
243:
235:
231:
218:Spouses
197:Houston
2042:Turner
2037:Parker
2022:Lanier
2012:McConn
1997:Cutrer
1977:Massey
1892:Browne
1867:Wilson
1857:Wilson
1847:Morris
1837:Taylor
1832:Anders
1792:Fuller
1777:Bailey
1747:Lively
1737:Holman
1722:Mayors
1670:Suarez
1665:Whaley
1620:Nutter
1595:Palmer
1575:Garner
1570:Menino
1545:Helmke
1475:Fulton
1455:Carver
1440:Gibson
1430:Alioto
1425:Martin
1380:Tucker
1340:Wagner
1280:Curley
1275:Murphy
1191:C-SPAN
1047:May 5,
722:Hawaii
287:, U.S.
203:, U.S.
2032:White
2027:Brown
2002:Welch
1882:Smith
1877:Baker
1872:Burke
1827:House
1802:Ennis
1787:Moore
1772:Swain
1762:Moore
1742:Moore
1625:Smith
1610:Kautz
1590:Guido
1560:Coles
1515:Flynn
1510:Isaac
1490:Riley
1470:Young
1420:Welch
1415:Maier
1360:Burns
1335:Hynes
1325:Burke
1310:Green
1305:Welsh
1300:Kelly
710:Texas
625:lost.
612:Notes
519:When
323:(née
257:(
253:
237:(
233:
201:Texas
87:47th
44:57th
1922:Rice
1912:Holt
1897:Rice
1862:Lord
1812:King
1600:Diaz
1555:Webb
1535:Rice
1530:Ashe
1410:Tate
1395:Barr
1290:Hoan
1049:2016
1018:2020
898:2023
876:2023
817:2023
793:2023
177:Born
1724:of
1370:Lee
1189:on
590:sic
2064::
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185:(
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