Charles XII of Sweden

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defensible in the future Swedish generations' eyes. However, he emphasized that only a greater respect for Sweden in Europe would enable him to achieve such a peace treaty. Meanwhile, the Swedish Council of State (government) and Estates/Diet (Parliament) tried to keep the beleaguered Sweden somehow organized and independent. Eventually, in the autumn of 1714, their warning letter reached him. In it, those executive and legislative bodies told the absentee King that unless he quickly returned to Sweden, they would independently conclude an achievable peace treaty with Russia, Poland and Denmark. This stark admonition prompted Charles to rush back to Sweden.

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fights in battle-formation to defeat the other army, with considerable strategic impact or losses; "siege" refers to a contested fortification or larger settlement, where any attempts to storm were indecisive; "assault" refers to a contested or uncontested fortification or larger settlement, where an assault played the decisive role; "blockade" refers to an attacker's attempt to starve out the garrison of a fortification or larger settlement; "operation" refers to a pre-planned military operation to seize a larger area of strategic value, in which several minor engagements are fought.

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who lived in the country, but were not members of the Swedish state church, would be baptized. In order for the Jewish and Muslim creditors to avoid this, Charles wrote a "free letter" so that they could practice their religions without being punished. The soldiers chose to remain in Sweden instead of difficult trips home. They were called "Askersson" (the word

1401:– but of the latter he pleaded that he could never wed someone "as ugly as Satan and with such a devilish big mouth". Instead, he made it clear that he would marry only someone of his own choice, and for love rather than dynastic pressures. His lack of mistresses may have been due to a strong religious faith. Charles himself suggested in conversation with 4597:, p.11, "Den stormäktige och nådige herren, Karl, med Guds nåde, Sveriges, Götes och Vendes konung, storfurste till Finland, hertig uti Skåne, Estland, Livland, Karelen, Bremen, Verden, Stettin, Pommern, Kassuben och Wenden, furste till Rügen, herre över Ingermanland och Wismar, så ock pfalzgreve vid Rhen i Bayern, till Jülich, Kleve och Berg hertig". 879:, in July 1709, Charles had been wounded, one-third of his infantry was dead, and his supply train had been destroyed. The king was incapacitated by a gunshot wound to the foot and was unable to lead the Swedish forces. With the numbers of Charles' army reduced to some 23,000, with many wounded or involved on the siege of Poltava, his general 1241:. The attacking Swedes came under heavy cannon fire from the fortress and were forced to withdraw when the Norwegians set the town of Fredrikshald on fire. Swedish casualties in Fredrikshald were estimated at 500 men. While the siege at Fredrikshald was underway, the Swedish supply fleet was attacked and defeated by 3490: 1284:

The definitive circumstances around Charles's death remain unclear. Despite multiple investigations of the battlefield, Charles's skull and his clothes, it is not known where and when he was hit, or whether the shot came from the ranks of the enemy or from his own men. There are several hypotheses as

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there. Due to a lack of heavy siege cannons he was unable to dislodge the Norwegian forces inside. After suffering significant losses of men and materiel, Charles was forced to retreat from the capital on 29 April. In the following mid-May, Charles invaded again, this time striking the border town of

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asserted in his essay "On the death of Charles XII and other murders" that the mortal wound sustained by the King, with a smaller exit wound than entry wound, would be consistent with being hit by a bullet with a speed not exceeding 150 m/s, concluding that Charles was killed by stray grapeshot

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Charles traveled back to Sweden with a group of Ottomans, soldiers such as escorts and businessmen to whom he promised to repay his debts during his stay in the Ottoman Empire, but they had to wait several years before that happened. According to the prevailing church law in Sweden at that time, all

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broke with the heroization practice by showing an introverted Charles XII in conflict with his impoverished subjects. In the so-called Strindberg feud (1910–1912), his response to the "Swedish cult of Charles XII" (Steene) was that Charles had been "Sweden's ruin, the great offender, a ruffian, the

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Exceptional for abstaining from alcohol and sex, he felt most comfortable during warfare. Contemporaries report of his seemingly inhuman tolerance for pain and his utter lack of emotion. His brilliant campaigning and startling victories brought his country to the pinnacle of her prestige and power,

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that he actively resisted any match until peace could be secured and was in some sense "married" to the military life. But that he was "chaste" occasioned speculation in his lifetime. Much later speculation that he was a hermaphrodite was quelled in 1917 when his coffin was opened and he was shown

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as saying upon the outbreak of the war: "I have resolved never to start an unjust war but never to end a legitimate one except by defeating my enemies". With the war consuming more than half his life and nearly all his reign, he never married and fathered no children. He was succeeded by his sister

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before Charles could combine his forces, thus losing valuable supplies, artillery and half of Lewenhaupt's men. Charles' Polish ally, Stanisław Leszczyński, was facing internal problems of his own. Charles expected the support of a massive Cossack rebellion led by Mazepa in Ukraine, with estimates

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In this table, the following criteria applies: "Landing" refers to a contested amphibious operation; "skirmish" refers to a limited engagement, either by parts of an army or a smaller force, with minor strategic impact or losses; "battle" refers to a larger engagement in which one or both sides

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After five years away, Charles arrived in Sweden to find his homeland at war with Russia, Saxony, Hannover, Great Britain and Denmark. Sweden's western enemies attacked southern and western Sweden while Russian forces traveled across Finland to attack the Stockholm district. For the first time,

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However, the Sultan Ahmed III's subjects in the empire eventually got tired of Charles' scheming. His entourage also accumulated huge debts with Bender merchants. Eventually, "crowds" of townspeople attacked the Swedish colony at Bender and Charles had to defend himself against the mobs and the

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In his conversations with Löwen, he also stated that he did not lack taste for beautiful women, but that he held in his sexual desires for fear that they would get out of control if unchecked, and that if he committed to something like that, it would be forever. Some historians suggest that he

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During his five-year stay in the Ottoman Empire, Charles XII corresponded with his sister (and eventual successor), Ulrika Eleonora. According to Mrs. Ragnhild Marie Hatton, a Norwegian-British historian, in some of those letters Charles expressed his desire for a peace treaty which would be

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received from Sweden a sculpture of the king at his birthday. In the late 20th century, Swedish nationalists and neo-Nazis had again used 30 November as a date for their ceremonies, however these were regularly interrupted by larger counter-demonstrations and were abandoned.

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Charles never married and fathered no children of whom historians are aware. In his youth, he was particularly encouraged to find a suitable spouse in order to secure the succession, but he would frequently avoid the subject of sex and marriage. Possible candidates included

744:(November 1700). The Russians outnumbered the Swedish army of ten thousand men by almost four to one. Charles attacked under cover of a blizzard, effectively splitting the Russian army in two and won the battle. Many of Peter's troops who fled the battlefield drowned in the 1285:

to how Charles died, though none have strong enough evidence to be deemed true. Although there were many people around the king at the time of his death, there were no known witnesses to the actual moment he was hit. A likely explanation has been that Charles was killed by

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The American Traveller's Guide: Harper's Hand-book for Travellers in Europe and the East: Being a Guide Through Great Britain and Ireland, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Italy, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Greece, Switzerland, Tyrol, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Russia, and

3095: 1313:. Sicre confessed during what was claimed to be a state of delirium brought on by fever but later recanted. Others suspect a plot to kill Charles by a group of wealthy Swedes who would benefit from blocking a 17% wealth tax that Charles intended to introduce. The 724:

in August 1700, which indemnified Holstein. Having forced Denmark–Norway to make peace within months, King Charles turned his attention upon the two other powerful neighbors, King August II (cousin to both Charles XII and Frederick IV of Denmark–Norway) and

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Sweden found itself in a defensive war. Charles' plan was to attack Denmark by striking at her possessions in Norway. It was hoped that by cutting Denmark's Norwegian supply lines the Danes would be compelled to withdraw their forces from Swedish Scania.

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Charles's body has been exhumed on three occasions to ascertain the cause of death; in 1746, 1859 and 1917. The 1859 exhumation found that the wound was in accordance with a shot from the Norwegian fort. In 1917, his head was photographed and x-rayed.

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Charles did not pursue the Russian army. Instead, he turned against Poland-Lithuania, which was formally neutral at this point, thereby disregarding Polish negotiation proposals supported by the Swedish parliament. Charles defeated the Polish king

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before returning to lead an assault on Norway, trying to evict the Danish king from the war once more in order to aim all his forces at the Russians. Two campaigns met with frustration and ultimate failure, concluding with his death at the

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Another odd account of Charles's death comes from Finnish writer Carl Nordling, who states that the king's surgeon, Melchior Neumann, dreamed the king had told him that he was not shot from the fortress but from "one who came creeping".

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of Fredriksten overlooking the town of Fredrikshald. Charles was shot in the head and killed during the siege, while he was inspecting trenches. The invasion was abandoned, and Charles' body was returned to Sweden. A second force, under

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More theories claim he was assassinated: one is that the killer was a Swedish compatriot and asserts that enemy guns were not firing at the time Charles was struck. Suspects in this claim range from a nearby soldier tired of the

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Monument to Charles XII in Stockholm, with Charles pointing towards Russia. Stockholmers call this statue "the lion among four pots" ("Lejonet mellan fyra krukor") referring to the mortars. This contrasts with a nearby statue of

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Meanwhile, Russia and Poland regained and expanded their borders. Great Britain, an adversary of Sweden, defected from its alliance obligations while Prussia attacked Swedish holdings in Germany. Russia occupied Finland (the

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Charles was an exceptionally skilled military leader and tactician as well as an able politician, credited with introducing important tax and legal reforms. As for his famous reluctance towards peace efforts, he is quoted by

839:. The size of the invading Swedish army was peeled off as Charles left Leszczyński with some 24,000 German and Polish troops, departing eastwards from Saxony in late 1707 with some 35,000 men, adding a further 12,500 under 6244:

The Military History of Charles XII. King of Sweden, Written by the Express Order of His Majesty, by M. Gustavus Adlerfeld, to Which Is Added, an Exact Account of the Battle of Pultowa, Illustrated with Plans in Three

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Charles XII was viewed as a national hero. He was idealized as a heroic, virtuous young warrior king, and his fight against Peter the Great was associated with the contemporary Swedish-Russian enmity. Examples of the

406:, an offer that Charles subsequently rejected. By 1706, Charles, now 24 years old, had forced all of his foes into submission including, in that year, a decisively devastating victory by Swedish forces under general 1566:, the King had sketched a model of his thoughts on a piece of paper and handed it to him at their meeting in Lund in 1716. The paper was reportedly still in existence a hundred years later but has since been lost. 4891: 1350:

from the nearby fortress. A 2022 study also found that iron grapeshot was likely to have killed the king, citing evidence from ballistic experiments as well as the absence of lead fragments in Charles's skull.

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marching from Livonia. Charles left the homeland with a defense force of approximately 28,800 men, with a further 14,000 in Swedish Finland, as well as other garrisons in the Baltic and German provinces.

3100: 1426:, whom Charles described as "very pretty". But writing in the 1960s, Hatton argues that Württemberg was very much heterosexual and the relationship is just as likely to have been that of teacher-pupil. 442:

in 1718. At the time, most of the Swedish Empire was under foreign military occupation, though Sweden itself was still free. This situation was later formalized, albeit moderated in the subsequent

1418:

resisted a marriage with Denmark which could have caused a family rift between those who dynastically favoured Holstein-Gottorp. Historians such as Blanning and Montefiore believe he was in fact

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where the smaller Swedish army routed a Russian army twice the size. The campaign ended with disaster when the Swedish army suffered heavy losses to a Russian force more than twice its size at

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saw a shift of power from the monarch to the parliament of the estates. Historians of the late 18th and early 19th centuries viewed Charles' death as the result of an aristocratic plot, and

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embarked on a military reform plan that improved the Russian army, using the effectively organized Swedes and other European armies as role models. Russian forces managed to penetrate

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had a clearly inferior force to face the fortified and modernized army of Tsar Peter, with some 45,000 men. The Swedish assault ended in disaster, and the king fled south to the

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Apart from being a monarch, the King's interests included mathematics, and anything that would be beneficial to his warlike purposes. He is credited with having invented an

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against the alliance, Charles won multiple victories despite being significantly outnumbered. A major victory over a Russian army some three times the size in 1700, at the

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to end the hostilities between them. The treaties dissatisfied the pro-war party supported by King Charles and Stanislaw Poniatowski, who failed to reignite the conflict.

665:, which has lions similarly arranged; that statue is known as "the pot among four lions" ("Krukan mellan fyra lejon"), referring to a Swedish slang expression for a klutz. 5135: 4247: 1059:

and the naval architecture of the Ottoman galleons. His sketches and designs eventually led to the famous Swedish war ships Jarramas (Yaramaz) and Jilderim (Yıldırım).

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The original Swedish text by Esaias Tegner, as well as parallel translations by J.E.D. Bethune (1848) and Charles Harrison-Wallace (1998) and a comment by the latter.

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and wanting to put an end to the war, to an assassin hired by Charles's own brother-in-law, who profited from the event by subsequently taking the throne himself as

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Herman Lindquist (in Swedish): Historian om Sverige. Storhet och Fall. (History of Sweden. Greatness and fall) ISBN 9172630922 (2000) Nordstedts förlag, Stockholm

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in Turkish means soldier). However, there are accounts implying that following the long stay for Charles to repay his debts, they got paid and left the country.

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of Charles XI in 1680 stripped much of the nobility of lands and properties. In late 1699, Charles sent a minor detachment to reinforce his brother-in-law Duke

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Castle, as he was about to fall into the hands of the Russian army, and he was able to take refuge in the castle at the last moment. Afterward, he settled in

1281:), 1718, Charles was struck in the head by a projectile and killed. The shot struck the left side of his skull and exited from the right. He died instantly. 1446:

although the Great Northern War resulted in Sweden's defeat and the end of the empire within years of his own death. In his youth, renowned Russian general

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NewEngland7; kluseba; gasmask_colostomy; Midnight Rambler; Braindead Binky; Napero; MetalGuard; hells_unicorn; Immortally_Insane; Lord_Lexy (25 May 2012).

1206:. He made the journey on horseback, riding across Europe in just fifteen days. He traveled across the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary to Vienna and arrived at 1534:

instead "emphasized the heroic steadfastness of the Swedish people in the somber years of trial during the long-drawn-out campaigns of Karl XII" (Scott).

5970: 1558:, as well as a more elaborate one with the base 64, which he considered more suitable for war purposes because all the boxes used for materials such as 4347: 1794: 1181: 8004: 6762: 5023: 4220: 6342: 4461: 2287: 712:. For this campaign Charles secured the support of England and the Netherlands, both maritime powers concerned with Denmark's threats too close to 6053: 5200: 5169: 6031: 5886: 5743: 4514: 1423: 6068: 4869: 4443: 3270: 697:, who was attacked by Danish forces the following year. A Saxon army simultaneously invaded Swedish Livonia, and in February 1700 surrounded 1169: 7055: 4862:"Demirbaş – Yandex Çeviri: İngilizce – Türkçe, Rusça – Türkçe, Almanca – Türkçe ve diğer diller için sözlük ve çevrimiçi çeviri servisidir" 851:, despite being outnumbered over three to one by the new Russian army, Charles opted to march eastwards on Moscow rather than try to seize 6928: 868:, before the arrival of the Swedish troops. The harsh climate took its toll as well, because Charles marched his troops to winter camp in 7999: 4985: 7979: 6205: 3836: 2680: 1186: 6861: 5100: 429:. Charles had been incapacitated by a wound prior to the battle, rendering him unable to take command. The defeat was followed by the 6985: 6544: 6372: 4531:

Svenskt Biografiskt Handlexikon – Uggleupplagan [Swedish Biographical Dictionary – The Owl Edition] 2nd Edition (In Swedish)

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suggesting Mazepa was able to muster about 40,000 troops. However, the Russians subjugated the rebellion and destroyed its capital,

7787: 6575: 1736: 1210:. A medal with Charles on horseback, his long hair flying in the wind, was struck in 1714 to commemorate the speedy ride. It reads 1035:

involved. This uprising was called "kalabalık" (Turkish for crowd) which afterward found a place in Swedish lexicon referring to a

554: 6247:(London: printed for J. and P. Knapton; J. Hodges; A. Millar; and J. Nourse, 1740). Reprinted by Gale Ecco, Print Editions (2010). 952: 7964: 6876: 1856: 1434: 6980: 6902: 6645: 5127: 7954: 7949: 6788: 6336: 5776: 1398: 1122: 748:. The total number of Russian fatalities reached about 10,000 at the end of the battle, while the Swedish forces lost 667 men. 625:

The fact that Charles was crowned as Charles XII does not mean that he was the 12th king of Sweden by that name. Swedish kings

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under Lewenhaupt's command, most of them (including Lewenhaupt himself) spending the rest of their days in Russian captivity.

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as the Swedish Meteor; whose similarity to Reinhard von Lohengramm may portend the dynasty dying out without a successor.

701:, the most populous city of the Swedish Empire. Russia also declared war (August 1700), but stopped short of an attack on 8009: 4193: 4102: 3906: 3558: 2993: 1882: 1695: 1537:

In the 1930s, the Swedish Nazis held celebrations on the date of Charles XII's death, and shortly before the outbreak of

133: 6907: 4573: 8014: 7989: 6300: 5870: 5841: 5674: 5641: 5528: 4833: 4806: 4716: 4663: 3897: 3856: 2360: 1422:. Certainly a letter from Reuterholm suggested that Charles had indicated a closeness to the Elector Prince of Saxony, 1278: 765: 678: 363: 93: 7722: 6571: 6437: 2210: 1317:

museum displays a lead-filled brass button of Swedish origin that some claim was the projectile that killed the king.

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Swedish author Frans G. Bengtsson and Professor Ragnhild Hatton have written biographies of Charles XII of Sweden.

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as he was within reach of their guns. There are two possibilities that are usually cited: that he was killed by a

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While Charles won several decisive battles in the Commonwealth and ultimately secured the coronation of his ally

4610: 4543: 3743: 1510:("Funeral procession of Charles XII", 1878). The date of Charles's death was chosen by a student association in 1007:, as she thought that Charles was a man worth taking a risk for. Later on, the Ottomans and Russians signed the 978:, who became intrigued by Charles, and took an interest in his cause, and even corresponded with him in Bender. 7994: 7969: 6938: 6845: 6835: 6404: 6359: 6218: 3792: 3388: 2755: 1126: 824: 492: 418: 7499: 7001: 6881: 6582:, the adoptive heirs of the House of Holstein-Gottorp, who were adoptive heirs of the Palatinate-Zweibrückens. 6514: 1373: 7984: 6537: 5962: 4892:"Sweden, The Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Tartars, c 1580 – 1714 – The Realpolitoik of a Christian Kingdom" 2223: 2036: 1079:, the military, administration and clergymen escaped from Finland, which fell under Russian military regime. 320: 7569: 7522: 7505: 4252: 729:

of Russia, who also had entered the war against him, ironically on the same day that Denmark came to terms.

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Oredsson, Sverker (2000). "Gustav II. Adolf in Geschichtsschreibung und Kult". In Petersson, Rikke (ed.).

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unique for continental Europe, which would last for half a century until royal autocracy was restored by

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in 1702 and captured many cities of the Commonwealth. After the deposition of Augustus as king of the

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with 10,000 men but was forced to retreat. In the march that ensued, many of the 5,800 remaining men

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1713–1721). After defeats of the Swedish army, consisting mainly of Finnish troops in the Battle of

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Förflutenhetens landskap ("The Landscape of Times Past") (1991), collection of essays, pp. 126–129.

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Steene, Brigitta (1996). "Strindberg and the transition to Modernism". In Warme, Lars G. (ed.).

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Steene, Brigitta (1996). "Strindberg and the transition to Modernism". In Warme, Lars G. (ed.).

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Military review the professional journal of the United States Army (January): The Suvorov Legend

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Charles the Twelfth King of Sweden: Translated from the manuscript of Carl Gustafson Klingspor

5963:"Cinema Scope | A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence (Roy Andersson, Sweden)" 5666: 5633: 5520: 5511:

Massengale, James (1996). "The Enlightenment and the Gustavian Age". In Warme, Lars G. (ed.).

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Charles invaded Norway in 1716 with a combined force of 7,000 men. He occupied the capital of

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and opted to surrender the throne to her husband Friedrich of Hesse-Kassel, who became King

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met with initial success as victory followed victory, the most significant of which was the

59: 7944: 7939: 7756: 7728: 7698: 7610: 7593: 7492: 7384: 6699: 6683: 6668: 6609: 6474: 6445: 5104: 4398:", which reflects Charles' long stay in Ottoman Bender as an expense of sultan's exchequer. 4299: 3962: 3881: 3817: 2985: 2934: 2872: 2827: 2769: 2649: 2348: 1820: 1665: 1499: 1474: 1266: 1258: 1253: 1212:

Was sorget Ihr doch? Gott und Ich leben noch. (What worries you so? God and I live still.).

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Contemporary location written at the top; present-day location written inside parentheses.

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In 1718, Charles once more invaded Norway. With a main force of 40,000 men, he again laid

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Warrior kings of Sweden: the rise of an empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

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While in the trenches close to the perimeter of the fortress on 30 November (11 December

1246: 1008: 848: 674: 518: 422: 411: 191: 150: 42: 3994: 1000:) had to be built near Bender to accommodate the ever-growing Swedish population there. 7791: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7641: 7603: 7576: 7538: 7528: 7440: 7361: 7273: 7254: 7198: 6948: 6933: 6625: 6599: 6594: 6563: 6553: 6194: 5880: 5270: 5243: 4618: 4508: 4316: 4271: 4225: 4212: 4162: 4121: 4069: 4011: 3955: 3948: 3912: 3889: 3873: 3809: 3766: 3680: 3458: 3359: 2489: 2475: 2469: 2408: 2403: 2324: 2319: 2241: 1610: 1584:. Voltaire portrays the Swedish king in a positive light, against the brutal nature of 1563: 1511: 1466: 1354: 1076: 1040: 971: 721: 690: 670: 646: 626: 578: 387: 355: 178: 38: 7326: 7095: 6367: 945: 610: 37:

This article is about the 18th-century king of Sweden. For the 1925 Swedish film, see

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A Small Giant (Compendium) of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen

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five years earlier. Peter the Great managed, however, to ambush Lewenhaupt's army at

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By Defeating My Enemies: Charles XII of Sweden and the Great Northern War, 1682–1721

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Charles's death marked the end of autocratic kingship in Sweden, and the subsequent

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Russia had opened their part of the war by invading the Swedish-held territories of

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Moers, Gerald (2000). "Im Gemeindewald der Geschichte". In Schöning, Udo (ed.).

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as "head"), which is the reason why this nickname has often been translated as

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was unaligned and ruled by a young and inexperienced king, thus initiating the

383: 379: 324: 266: 5923: 4528:

Hofberg, Herman; Heurlin, Frithiof; Millqvist, Victor; Rubenson, Olof (1908).

2270: 1310: 897:("Karoliner" in Swedish). The remainder of the army surrendered days later at 7933: 7663: 7582: 7551: 7511: 7482: 7465: 7288: 7278: 7269: 7222: 7141: 7105: 6567: 6485: 6320:(translated by W.H. Dilworth, 1760). Reprinted by True World of Books (2020). 6177: 6148: 6119: 5780: 5487: 5473: 4792: 4565: 3028: 2253: 1691: 1502:(unveiled on 30 November 1868, the 150th anniversary of Charles's death) and 1479: 1451: 1346: 1064: 789: 618: 558: 7305: 4539: 1402: 7822: 7413: 6757: 5797: 5279: 4708:

The Story of an Architect King: Stanislas Leszczynski in Lorraine 1737–1766

4352: 3896: 1542: 1538: 1242: 1173:

Uniform worn by Charles XII in Frederikshall on 30 November 1718. Shown in

1056: 898: 530: 391: 278: 6378: 6343:

The Swedish Meteor: the blazing career and mysterious death of Charles XII

1555: 7678: 7648: 7624: 7100: 5757: 2276:

In 2007, Charles XII was portrayed by Eduard Flerov in the Russian drama

1372:

required a male heir, Charles was succeeded as ruler there by his cousin

1238: 1048: 1032: 828: 753: 745: 708:

Charles's first campaign was against Denmark–Norway, ruled by his cousin

6397: 1324: 1036: 7861: 7812: 7170: 6830: 6752: 2533: 1419: 1129: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 985:

were covered by the Ottoman state budget, as part of the fixed assets (

459: 6230:

The sword does not jest. The heroic life of King Charles XII of Sweden

5916:

The lion of the north : Charles XII – King of Sweden (Book, 1938)

5047:

German armies. War and German politics, 1648–1806. Warfare and history

4607: 4529: 713: 7033: 6348: 6134: 6111: 4825:

The Cambridge History of Russia: Volume 2, Imperial Russia, 1689–1917

4680:

History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland

4395: 2710: 1559: 1495: 1361:

concluded that Charles XII was likely killed by an enemy projectile.

1294: 1262: 1207: 975: 893: 856: 510: 475:, who in turn was coerced to hand over all substantial powers to the 154: 6413: 6254:(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1916). Reprinted by Merkaba Press (2017). 6136:

Karolinska krigares dagböcker jämte andra samtida skrifter, volume 1

3824: 2784: 1104: 7871: 7866: 6866: 6840: 6198: 5993:"A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence review: 'heaven'" 3069: 1575: 1409: 1051:) and Constantinople. During his semi-imprisonment the King played 1044: 740:. Charles countered this by attacking the Russian besiegers at the 574: 562: 467: 235: 6522: 3267: 656: 586: 582: 7136: 6169: 5818:

The History of Charles XII. King of Sweden ... Seventh edition...

5201:"The Blazing Career and Mysterious Death of 'The Swedish Meteor'" 4798:

Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648–1989

4770:, book four by Carl Grimberg, about the numbers of Mazepa's army. 3757: 3694: 3078: 2918: 2544: 2480: 1329: 937: 869: 865: 737: 733: 570: 514: 328: 200: 497: 6331: 6071:(Interview). Sabaton. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020 5774:

On the use of Charles XII by nationalists and Nazis in general

5497: 5465: 5293: 4655:

Wars That Changed History: 50 of the World's Greatest Conflicts

4527: 3301: 2760: 2640: 1624: 1290: 1234: 1230: 832: 816: 785: 757: 542: 174: 158: 6384: 4500:

A history of Sweden from the earliest times to the present day

2306:

named after him, which includes several songs about his life.

6215:

Charles XII and the Collapse of the Swedish Empire, 1682–1719

5461:

History of the campaigns of Count Alexander Suworow Rymnikski

4374:, the Turkish word for fixed asset, is literally "ironhead" ( 2858: 1302: 1052: 501:

The 15-year-old Charles in 1697 as king of the Swedish Empire

1562:

were cubic. According to a report by contemporary scientist

6140: 1592:

wrote of Charles in his poem "The Vanity of Human Wishes":

1364:

Charles was succeeded to the Swedish throne by his sister,

1340:

Charles XII's sarcophagus in Riddarholmen Church, Stockholm

1221: 698: 590: 538: 370:

launched a threefold attack on the Swedish protectorate of

4566:"Sweden and Finland. Titles of European hereditary rulers" 716:. Leading a force of 8,000 and 43 ships in an invasion of 7127: 7025:

Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden

4630: 4293: 4241: 4182: 4141: 4091: 4040: 3989: 3926: 3850: 3786: 3737: 3674: 3654: 3611: 3553: 3511: 3453: 3404: 3348: 3284: 3224: 3168: 3123: 3058: 3007: 2963: 2901: 2847: 2805: 2741: 2690: 2621: 2575: 2516: 2459: 904:

The Swedish defeat at Poltava marked the downfall of the

1413:

Portrait of King Charles XII. Johan David Schwartz, 1706

505:

His title in full as the king of Sweden was as follows:

6669:

King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

6285:

Charles XII of Sweden: Versus Peter the Great of Russia

3800: 3751: 2664: 1530:

however, one of his opponents in the feud, in his book

1202:

Charles agreed to leave Constantinople and returned to

720:, Charles rapidly compelled the Danes to submit to the 5941:. New York City: Ballantine Books. pp. Part 3–4. 3969: 1621:"Think nothing gained", he cries, "till nought remain, 1619:

Peace courts his hand, but spreads her charms in vain;

2400: 2388: 2376: 2364: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2316: 1043:, but captured him and put him under house-arrest at 6664:

King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

4791: 3331: 2992: 1737:

John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg

932:

initially welcomed the Swedish king when he went to

633:(1604–1611) gave themselves numerals after studying 433:. Charles spent the following years in exile in the 6126: 5244:"The death of King Charles XII of Sweden revisited" 3489: 3211: 2560: 1039:. The janissaries did not shoot Charles during the 414:. Russia was now the sole remaining hostile power. 6226:The Life of Charles XII, King of Sweden, 1697–1718 6069:"Pär Sundström interview – Carolus Rex – Part 2/3" 5858: 5658: 5625: 5512: 4323: 4278: 2704: 2496: 1685:The Lion of the North: Charles XII, King of Sweden 30:"Carolus Rex" redirects here. For other uses, see 6143:: Gleerupska univ. bokhandeln. pp. 343–344. 5758:"Nationalists abandon 'warrior king' anniversary" 4651: 637:of Sweden. He was actually the 6th King Charles. 410:over a combined army of Saxony and Russia at the 7931: 6368:BBC News item: Who killed Sweden's Warrior King? 6209:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). pp. 929–931. 6089:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5583:. Vol. 3. Nordisk rotogravyr. p. 1210. 5558: 5556: 5241: 4986:"Redan Karl XII godkände muslimska gudstjänster" 3939: 3864: 3688: 3624: 3566: 3522: 3466: 3417: 3382: 3364: 3237: 3181: 3137: 3074: 2941: 2914: 2834: 2726: 2590: 2538: 2474: 2288:A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence 1615:Behold surrounding kings their power to combine, 7080: 6679:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków 6349:Charles XII: on the centenary of his death 1818 6097: 5783:, in Expressen 30 November 1994. Archived from 5567:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–165. 5500:: Command and General Staff School. p. 17. 5242:Juho-Antti Junno; et al. (November 2022). 4704: 4307: 4262: 4203: 4169: 4153: 4128: 4112: 4076: 4060: 4002: 3440: 3297: 3094: 3027: 2976: 2879: 2863: 2818: 2754: 2634: 1670:He left the name, at which the world grew pale, 1639:He comes, not want and cold his course delay; - 6345:Smithsonian summary of assassination theories. 5581:Sveriges konsthistoria från forntid till nutid 4821: 4018: 3710: 3596: 3153: 1604:O'er love, o'er fear, extends his wide domain, 1598:How just his hopes let Swedish Charles decide; 1596:On what Foundation stands the warrior's pride, 1574:Charles fascinated many in his time. In 1731, 1482:idolatry of Charles XII in several genres are 1450:considered Charles XII his hero together with 1309:, that person being Frederick's aide-de-camp, 915: 7231: 7049: 6538: 5565:From Oxenstierna to Charles XII. Four Studies 5553: 5546:From Oxenstierna to Charles XII. Four Studies 5343: 5341: 4219: 3773: 2606: 847:After securing his "favorite" victory in the 6763:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland 6132: 5385: 5383: 5128:"Karl XII:s död ger inte forskarna någon ro" 2285:Charles XII appears in the absurdist comedy 1661:Or hostile millions press him to the ground? 1655:But did not Chance at length her error mend? 1647:The vanquished hero leaves his broken bands, 1514:for annual torch marches beginning in 1853. 1399:Princess Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp 996:Eventually, a small village named Karlstad ( 8025:Swedish military personnel killed in action 6646:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland 6155: 6052:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4847: 4845: 4691:Richard Cavendish, "The Battle of Narva." 1602:No dangers fright him, and no labours tire; 1549: 1424:Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental 1380:, Charles' minister, was beheaded in 1719. 1237:, in an attempt to capture the fortress of 1003:Gülnuş Sultan convinced her son to declare 887:with a small entourage, and set up camp at 772:as his puppet on the Polish throne (1704). 288: 7056: 7042: 6545: 6531: 6107:Konung Carl den XII:tes Historia, volume 1 5885:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5722:Damals, als Schweden eine Großmacht war .. 5548:. Cambridge University Press. p. 164. 5510: 5338: 4920: 4828:. Cambridge University Press. p. 29. 4801:. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. 4513:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3540: 3045: 1653:While ladies interpose, and slaves debate. 1637:And Winter barricades the realms of Frost; 1187:Bringing Home the Body of King Charles XII 58: 7844: 7021:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage 6929:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten 6290: 6161: 6066: 5831: 5519:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 5380: 5269: 5259: 5237: 5235: 5167: 5125: 4594: 4390:really means "iron head", the whole word 3640: 3582: 3482: 3433: 3317: 3253: 3197: 3038: 2367: 2309: 1690:Charles XII figures quite prominently in 1663:His fall was destined to a barren strand, 1606:Unconquered lord of pleasure and of pain; 1145:Learn how and when to remove this message 981:His expenses during his long stay in the 8005:Swedish people of the Great Northern War 7800: 7744: 7671: 7429: 7392: 7334: 6103: 5899: 5814: 5719: 5692:Internationalität nationaler Literaturen 5665:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 5632:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 5578: 5480: 5448: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 4842: 4647: 4645: 4497:Cronholm, Neander Nicolas (1902). "37". 4496: 4471:. Livrustkammaren Museum. Archived from 2681:Polish–Lithuanian campaigns of 1701–1706 2204: 1659:Did rival monarchs give the fatal wound? 1649:And shows his miseries in distant lands; 1433: 1408: 1335: 1323: 1180: 1168: 1156: 1017: 919: 779: 655: 496: 450:, and also of its effectively organized 347:. He assumed power, after a seven-month 339:. Charles was the only surviving son of 331:) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the 6862:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland 6684:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole 5562: 5543: 5454: 4983: 1857:Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp 1635:Stern Famine guards the solitary coast, 1629:And all be mine beneath the polar sky." 1224:, (modern Oslo), and laid siege to the 1094: 14: 7932: 7063: 6562:The generations indicate descent from 6355:The Great Northern War and Charles XII 6318:History of Charles XII, King of Sweden 5936: 5902:History of Charles XII, King of Sweden 5856: 5694:. Wallstein. pp. 285–286, fn. 83. 5656: 5623: 5486: 5232: 5126:Lindqvist, Herman (29 November 2009). 5016:"Vad hände med Karl XII:s kreditorer?" 4945: 4437: 4435: 4433: 2078: 1958: 1954: 1944: 1836: 1726: 1722: 1633:And nations on his eye suspended wait; 1608:No joys to him pacific sceptres yield; 1465:, the king who refused to settle with 7037: 6526: 6287:(Createspace Independent Pub., 2016). 5764:from the original on 30 November 2011 5704: 5689: 5593: 5300:from the original on 23 November 2022 5150: 4984:Friberg, Henrik (23 September 2015). 4950:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 4642: 2295:. He is played by Viktor Gyllenberg. 2216: 2154: 2144: 2140: 2128: 2122: 2112: 2096: 2086: 2082: 2066: 2060: 2050: 2034: 2024: 2020: 2008: 2002: 1992: 1976: 1966: 1962: 1938: 1928: 1912: 1902: 1898: 1886: 1880: 1870: 1854: 1844: 1840: 1824: 1818: 1808: 1792: 1782: 1778: 1766: 1760: 1750: 1734: 1730: 1657:Did no subverted empire mark his end? 1651:Condemned a needy supplicant to wait, 970:. They managed to indirectly contact 819:, where they established a new city, 775: 689:nobleman who turned traitor when the 640: 6986:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland 6981:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland 6903:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland 6316:Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de. 6193: 5973:from the original on 25 January 2020 5746:from the original on 30 January 2012 5608: 5081:from the original on 3 February 2014 4902:from the original on 11 October 2016 4441: 3980:Norwegian campaigns of 1716 and 1718 1127:adding citations to reliable sources 1098: 7017:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania 6810:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa 6784:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland 6605:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland 6552: 6239:(London: Hurst and Blackett, 1899). 6003:from the original on 21 August 2019 5939:Peter the Great: His Life and World 5211:from the original on 8 October 2021 5180:from the original on 28 August 2016 4430: 2245:is a two-part silent epic starring 2125:Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1883:Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp 1631:The march begins in military state, 1627:'s walls till Gothic standards fly, 1617:And one capitulate, and one resign; 1600:A frame of adamant, a soul of fire, 944:at the invitation of its governor, 855:, founded from the Swedish town of 134:Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp 24: 8000:Swedish monarchs of German descent 6944:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna 6877:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland 6360:Charles XII and his Life and Death 6187: 6067:Sundström, Pär (7 December 2018). 5736:"Karl XII-firare ligger lågt i år" 5417:Dictionary of Scandinavian History 5044: 5026:from the original on 26 March 2023 4996:from the original on 28 April 2020 4872:from the original on 13 March 2022 4631:William Pembroke Fetridge (1875). 4546:from the original on 12 March 2012 2099:George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1712:Ancestors of Charles XII of Sweden 1672:To point a moral or adorn a tale. 1578:wrote a biography of Charles XII, 651: 382:, aiming to draw advantage as the 25: 8036: 6913:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland 6636:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland 6324: 6034:from the original on 8 March 2021 5138:from the original on 8 March 2014 4923:Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen 4746:by Bengt Liljegren, pp. 151, 163. 4576:from the original on 3 March 2016 1526:rowdies' idol, a counterfeiter." 1473:). Throughout the 19th century's 1391:Princess Sophia Hedwig of Denmark 1267:perished in a severe winter storm 993:(Fixed Asset Charles) in Turkey. 908:, as well as the founding of the 825:invasion of the Russian heartland 319:(17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 6908:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland 6572:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 6387:The New Student's Reference Work 6330: 6162:Lagermark, Johan August (1883). 6114:: Pet. Momma. pp. 892–893. 6011:– via www.telegraph.co.uk. 5198: 4970:Seppo Zetterberg et al. (eds.), 4315: 4270: 4211: 4161: 4120: 4068: 4010: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3888: 3880: 3872: 3816: 3808: 3765: 3702: 3646: 3639: 3632: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3532: 3481: 3474: 3432: 3425: 3374: 3323: 3316: 3309: 3259: 3252: 3245: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3145: 3086: 3037: 2984: 2933: 2926: 2871: 2826: 2776: 2768: 2718: 2656: 2648: 2598: 2552: 2488: 2402: 2390: 2378: 2366: 2354: 2342: 2330: 2318: 2263:In the 1983 Swedish comedy film 2249:the Elder portraying his reign. 2157:Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt 1383: 1103: 989:in Turkish), hence his nickname 695:Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp 446:. The result was the end of the 245: 27:King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718 7980:House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 6949:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland 6934:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland 6438:House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 6373:Timeline of 1700–1720 in Sweden 6271:(Rotterdam: Karwansaray, 2018). 6060: 6015: 5985: 5955: 5930: 5908: 5893: 5857:Hatton, Ragnhild Marie (1968). 5850: 5825: 5808: 5803:The Art of Computer Programming 5791: 5728: 5713: 5705:Scott, Franklin Daniel (1988). 5698: 5683: 5661:A History of Swedish literature 5650: 5628:A History of Swedish literature 5617: 5602: 5594:Scott, Franklin Daniel (1988). 5587: 5572: 5537: 5515:A History of Swedish literature 5504: 5435: 5422: 5409: 5396: 5367: 5354: 5325: 5312: 5286: 5223: 5192: 5168:Mike Dash (17 September 2012). 5119: 5093: 5063: 5038: 5008: 4977: 4964: 4939: 4914: 4884: 4854: 4815: 4785: 4773: 4761: 4749: 4737: 4725: 4698: 4685: 4672: 4652:Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (2015). 4411: 4401: 4365: 4327: 4284: 4232: 4173: 4132: 4082: 4031: 3973: 3917: 3841: 3777: 3723: 3660: 3602: 3544: 3502: 3444: 3395: 3339: 3275: 3215: 3159: 3107: 3049: 2998: 2954: 2892: 2838: 2796: 2732: 2674: 2612: 2566: 2502: 2221:He is referred to in the anime 2211:House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 1293:shot, or that he was killed by 1114:needs additional citations for 333:House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 91:5 April 1697 – 30 November 1718 7965:Burials at Riddarholmen Church 6939:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland 6846:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna 6836:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland 6405:New International Encyclopedia 6242:Fielding, Henry (Translator), 5760:. TheLOcal. 28 November 2011. 5101:"Välkommen till Peter Englund" 4768:Svenska folkets underbara öden 4658:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 182–193. 4624: 4600: 4588: 4558: 4521: 4490: 4454: 3837:Louis of Württemberg-Winnental 3729:German campaigns of 1714–1715 2508:Baltic campaigns of 1700–1701 2361:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 2269:, Charles XII is portrayed by 2256:, Charles XII is portrayed by 2230:August Strindberg's 1901 play 951:In the meantime, Charles sent 766:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 493:Style of the Swedish sovereign 486: 354:In 1700, a triple alliance of 13: 1: 7955:18th-century Swedish monarchs 7950:17th-century Swedish monarchs 7081: 6872:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland 6133:Quennerstedt, August (1901). 4974:. 2nd ed., Helsinki, (2003) 4424: 3114:Russian invasion of 1708–1709 2298:The Swedish power metal band 2224:Legend of the Galactic Heroes 2037:Anne Catherine of Brandenburg 1588:. The English man of letters 1569: 669:Around 1700, the monarchs of 69: 7259:descendant of Inge the Elder 7203:descendant of Inge the Elder 6570:, and continues through the 6505:Duke of Palatine Zweibrücken 6261:(Helion & Co Ltd, 2020). 6172:: Edv. Berling. p. 66. 6165:Karl XII:s krig i Norge 1716 5832:Bengtsson, Frans G. (1994). 5707:Sweden, the nation's history 5611:Nazismen i Sverige 1980–1997 5596:Sweden, the nation's history 4313: 4268: 4209: 4159: 4118: 4066: 4008: 3945: 3870: 3806: 3763: 3700: 3630: 3572: 3530: 3472: 3423: 3372: 3307: 3243: 3187: 3143: 3084: 3035: 2982: 2924: 2869: 2824: 2766: 2716: 2646: 2596: 2550: 2486: 2451:Danish–Holstein War of 1700 1703: 875:By the time of the decisive 454:and war machine, commencing 136:(5 April – 15 December 1697) 32:Carolus Rex (disambiguation) 7: 7975:Deaths by firearm in Norway 7500:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 7002:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne 6882:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke 6789:Crown Prince Charles August 6293:Karl XII : en biografi 5468:: J. Wright. p. xxvi. 5071:"Karl XIIs felttog i Norge" 4341: 3666:Turkish exile in 1709–1714 1641:Hide, blushing Glory, hide 916:Exile in the Ottoman Empire 677:, who was also the king of 673:, Saxony (ruled by elector 603:Count Palatine of the Rhine 10: 8041: 8010:Unsolved murders in Norway 7570:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 7523:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 7506:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 6295:. Lund: Historiska media. 6232:(St. Martin's Press 1960). 6228:(1960). also published as 5937:Massie, Robert K. (1981). 5579:Lindblom, Andreas (1946). 4921:Zetterberg, Seppo (1987). 4782:, the article of Karl XII. 4711:. Peter Lang. p. 34. 4534:. Albert Bonniers Förlag. 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2072: 2063:Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark 1956: 1830: 1763:Charles X Gustav of Sweden 1724: 1488:Kung Karl, den unge hjälte 1297:from the nearby fortress. 644: 509:The Sovereign and Supreme 490: 456:a parliamentary government 226:Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark 36: 29: 8015:Uppsala University alumni 7990:Monarchs killed in action 7894: 7835: 7786: 7721: 7662: 7412: 7383: 7325: 7216: 7118: 7071: 7010: 6994: 6973: 6957: 6921: 6890: 6854: 6823: 6802: 6771: 6745: 6729: 6708: 6692: 6656: 6618: 6587: 6560: 6511: 6502: 6492: 6486:Duke of Bremen and Verden 6479: 6471: 6466: 6431: 6291:Liljegren, Bengt (2000). 6269:Charles XII: Warrior King 6250:Gade, John (Translator), 5709:. SIU Press. p. 551. 5598:. SIU Press. p. 560. 5563:Roberts, Michael (1991). 5544:Roberts, Michael (1991). 5261:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac234 3978: 3728: 3665: 3112: 2679: 2507: 2450: 2142: 2134: 2106: 2084: 2080: 2044: 2022: 2014: 1986: 1964: 1960: 1922: 1915:Marie Elisabeth of Saxony 1900: 1892: 1864: 1842: 1838: 1802: 1780: 1772: 1744: 1728: 1613:, he rushes to the field; 1429: 431:Surrender at Perevolochna 351:, at the age of fifteen. 345:Ulrika Eleonora the Elder 294: 284: 272: 262: 257: 253: 241: 231: 221: 211: 199: 184: 164: 144: 140: 129: 119: 109: 99: 86: 79: 57: 52: 6674:Prince Alexander Charles 6631:Gustav, Prince of Uglich 6104:Nordberg, Jöran (1740). 5742:. DN. 27 November 2011. 5441:Simon Sebag Montefiore, 4705:Renata Tyszczuk (2007). 4613:30 November 2019 at the 4358: 4348:List of unsolved murders 3970:Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau 3898:Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau 2426: 2252:In the 1968 Polish film 2005:Frederick III of Denmark 1550:Scientific contributions 1440:Johann Heinrich Wedekind 1378:Georg Heinrich von Görtz 1272: 289:§ Battles of Charles XII 6421:The American Cyclopædia 6206:Encyclopædia Britannica 6024:"Sabaton – Carolus Rex" 5443:The Romanovs: 1613–1918 5375:The Life of Charles XII 5333:The Life of Charles XII 4822:Dominic Lieven (2006). 4570:eurulers.altervista.org 4462:"Karl XII (in Swedish)" 4444:"The Death of Karl XII" 2279:The Sovereign's Servant 1979:Christian IV of Denmark 1353:Academic research from 1332:of Charles XII in 1917 891:with some 1,000 of his 827:, allying himself with 710:Frederick IV of Denmark 335:, a branch line of the 7632:Sten Sture the Younger 7563:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 7546:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 7489:Christopher of Bavaria 6433:Charles XII of Sweden 6028:Encyclopaedia Metallum 5045:Wilson, Peter Hamish. 4946:Hatton, R. M. (1968). 3902:August von Wackerbarth 2994:Johann von Schulenburg 2310:Battles of Charles XII 2239:The 1925 Swedish film 2213: 1674: 1581:History of Charles XII 1442: 1414: 1406:to have beard growth. 1359:University of Helsinki 1341: 1333: 1199: 1178: 1166: 1027: 925: 881:Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld 841:Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt 800: 705:until September 1700. 683:Johann Reinhold Patkul 666: 635:a mythological history 502: 477:Riksdag of the Estates 408:Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld 312: 206:Palatinate-Zweibrücken 7995:People from Stockholm 7970:Charles XII of Sweden 7013:Also prince of Norway 6794:King Charles XIV John 6515:Gustav Samuel Leopold 6337:Charles XII of Sweden 6309:Peterson, Gary Dean. 6278:Charles XII of Sweden 6237:Charles XII of Sweden 6213:Bain, Robert Nisbet. 5861:Charles XII of Sweden 5609:Lööw, Heléne (1998). 5404:Charles XII of Sweden 5391:Charles XII of Sweden 5362:Charles XII of Sweden 5349:Karl XII: en biografi 5320:Charles XII of Sweden 5022:. 19 September 2019. 4948:Charles XII of Sweden 4734:by Alf Åberg, p. 117. 3559:Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye 2208: 1941:Charles XII of Sweden 1668:, and a dubious hand; 1594: 1528:Verner von Heidenstam 1437: 1412: 1339: 1327: 1307:Frederick I of Sweden 1254:siege to the fortress 1184: 1172: 1160: 1021: 966:as his messengers to 953:Stanisław Poniatowski 923: 823:. Charles planned an 805:Stanisław Leszczyński 783: 770:Stanisław Leszczyński 659: 500: 481:Frederick I of Sweden 417:Charles's subsequent 41:. For the horse, see 7985:House of Wittelsbach 7611:Sten Sture the Elder 7594:Sten Sture the Elder 7493:House of Wittelsbach 6965:King Carl XVI Gustaf 6898:King Gustaf VI Adolf 6779:King Gustav IV Adolf 6737:King Adolf Frederick 6641:King Gustav II Adolf 6446:House of Wittelsbach 6443:Cadet branch of the 6339:at Wikimedia Commons 6200:"Charles XII." 6079:– via YouTube. 5969:. 18 December 2014. 5777:"Om den 30 november" 5296:. 23 November 2022. 5174:Smithsonian Magazine 4896:Världsinbördeskriget 4866:ceviri.yandex.com.tr 4793:Kalevi Jaakko Holsti 2881:Christoph von Kanitz 2349:Electorate of Saxony 2266:Kalabaliken i Bender 2209:Coat of Arms of the 1821:Charles XI of Sweden 1611:War sounds the trump 1556:octal numeral system 1475:romantic nationalism 1370:Palatine Zweibrücken 1259:Carl Gustaf Armfeldt 1123:improve this article 1095:Pomerania and Norway 1013:Treaty of Adrianople 440:Siege of Fredriksten 349:caretaker government 337:House of Wittelsbach 216:Charles XI of Sweden 7284:Sverker the Younger 6415:"Charles XII" 6399:"Charles XII" 6380:"Charles XII" 6195:Bain, Robert Nisbet 5430:Frederick the Great 4780:Bra Böckers Lexikon 4296:– 14 December 1718 4244:– 16 November 1718 3853:– 24 December 1715 3491:Otto von Schaumburg 2792:Hieronim Lubomirski 2417: 1795:Catharina of Sweden 1395:Louisa Maria Stuart 1247:Battle of Dynekilen 1009:Treaty of the Pruth 974:, mother of Sultan 849:Battle of Holowczyn 811:, the Russian Tsar 809:surrender of Saxony 675:August II of Poland 519:by the Grace of God 423:Battle of Holowczyn 412:Battle of Fraustadt 327:(including current 192:Riddarholmen Church 43:Charles the Twelfth 7642:House of Oldenburg 7604:House of Oldenburg 7577:Erik Axelsson Tott 7539:House of Oldenburg 7529:Erik Axelsson Tott 7441:House of Estridsen 7255:House of Estridsen 7245:Eric "IX" the Holy 7199:House of Estridsen 7190:Ragnvald Knaphövde 7065:Monarchs of Sweden 6313:(McFarland, 2007). 6257:Glaeser, Michael. 5724:. LIT. p. 59. 4695:50#11 (2000): 50+. 4619:Nordisk familjebok 4442:Nordling, Carl O. 4324:Barthold Landsberg 4280:Barthold Landsberg 3913:Jobst von Scholten 3803:(Germany / Poland) 3677:– 1 February 1713 3384:Ludwig von Hallart 3298:Duchy of Lithuania 3238:Duchy of Lithuania 3182:Duchy of Lithuania 3138:Duchy of Lithuania 3075:Duchy of Lithuania 2943:Franciszek Gałecki 2850:– 14 October 1703 2706:Duchy of Lithuania 2416: 2409:Kingdom of Prussia 2217:In popular culture 2214: 1564:Emanuel Swedenborg 1508:Karl XII:s likfärd 1467:Napoleon Bonaparte 1443: 1415: 1368:. As his duchy of 1355:University of Oulu 1342: 1334: 1261:, marched against 1200: 1179: 1167: 1075:and the Battle of 1041:skirmish at Bender 1028: 1005:war against Russia 926: 837:Ukrainian Cossacks 801: 776:Russian resurgence 768:, Charles XII put 722:Peace of Travendal 667: 647:Great Northern War 641:Great Northern War 521:, King of Sweden, 503: 388:Great Northern War 39:Charles XII (film) 7960:Battle of Poltava 7927: 7926: 7903:Norwegian monarch 7898:Lineage uncertain 7890: 7889: 7831: 7830: 7782: 7781: 7717: 7716: 7658: 7657: 7476:House of Griffins 7459:House of Griffins 7449:House of Griffins 7408: 7407: 7379: 7378: 7321: 7320: 7260: 7239:Sverker the Elder 7212: 7211: 7204: 7128:c. 1060 – c. 1130 7114: 7113: 7031: 7030: 6758:King Charles XIII 6521: 6520: 6512:Succeeded by 6493:Succeeded by 6335:Media related to 6265:Hattendorf, J. B. 6235:Browning, Oscar. 6224:Bengtsson, F. G. 5999:. 23 April 2015. 5900:Voltaire (1731). 5834:Karl XII:s Levnad 5815:Voltaire (1740). 5787:on 21 April 2012. 5456:Anthing, Frederic 5415:Byron Nordstrom, 5373:Frans Bengtsson, 5331:Frans Bengtsson, 5107:on 5 October 2013 4932:978-951-0-14253-0 4339: 4338: 4129:Jørgen von Klenow 4098:Akershus Fortress 4078:Jørgen von Klenow 3940:Swedish Pomerania 3865:Swedish Pomerania 3801:Swedish Pomerania 3789:– 22 August 1715 3753:Swedish Pomerania 3625:Cossack Hetmanate 3567:Tsardom of Russia 3524:Tsardom of Russia 3467:Cossack Hetmanate 3418:Cossack Hetmanate 3366:Cossack Hetmanate 2977:Kingdom of Poland 2915:Kingdom of Poland 2864:Kingdom of Poland 2819:Kingdom of Poland 2756:Kingdom of Poland 2414: 2413: 2373:Cossack Hetmanate 2337:Tsardom of Russia 2293:Battle of Poltava 2258:Daniel Olbrychski 2202: 2201: 2198: 2197: 1523:August Strindberg 1517:In his 1901 play 1504:Gustaf Cederström 1492:Johan Peter Molin 1448:Alexander Suvorov 1226:Akershus fortress 1204:Swedish Pomerania 1196:Gustaf Cederström 1175:The Royal Armoury 1163:Skokloster Castle 1155: 1154: 1147: 934:Abdurrahman Pasha 877:Battle of Poltava 798:Gustaf Cederström 762:Battle of Kliszow 691:"great reduction" 559:Bremen and Verden 452:absolute monarchy 374:and provinces of 298: 297: 16:(Redirected from 8032: 7852:Charles XIV John 7842: 7841: 7798: 7797: 7788:Holstein-Gottorp 7752:Charles X Gustav 7742: 7741: 7738: 7669: 7668: 7427: 7426: 7390: 7389: 7332: 7331: 7258: 7229: 7228: 7202: 7185:Inge the Younger 7125: 7124: 7083: 7078: 7077: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7035: 7034: 6721:King Frederick I 6716:King Charles XII 6626:King Sigismund I 6576:Holstein-Gottorp 6547: 6540: 6533: 6524: 6523: 6472:Preceded by 6462: 6461:30 November 1718 6455: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6417: 6409: 6401: 6393: 6391: 6382: 6364: 6334: 6306: 6210: 6202: 6182: 6181: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6088: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6051: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5967:cinema-scope.com 5959: 5953: 5952: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5897: 5891: 5890: 5884: 5876: 5864: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5812: 5806: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5664: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5631: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5576: 5570: 5568: 5560: 5551: 5549: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5518: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5452: 5446: 5439: 5433: 5426: 5420: 5413: 5407: 5400: 5394: 5387: 5378: 5371: 5365: 5358: 5352: 5345: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5273: 5263: 5239: 5230: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5170:"Past Imperfect" 5165: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5103:. 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Archived from 4439: 4418: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4384:Ironhead Charles 4369: 4334: 4325: 4320: 4319: 4311: 4295: 4282: 4275: 4274: 4266: 4256: 4243: 4230: 4229: 4216: 4215: 4207: 4197: 4184: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4157: 4147:Sponvika Sconce 4143: 4130: 4125: 4124: 4116: 4106: 4094:– 30 April 1716 4093: 4080: 4073: 4072: 4064: 4054: 4042: 4029: 4028: 4015: 4014: 4006: 3991: 3971: 3966: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3943: 3928: 3915: 3910: 3893: 3892: 3885: 3884: 3877: 3876: 3868: 3852: 3839: 3834: 3821: 3820: 3813: 3812: 3804: 3788: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3761: 3739: 3721: 3720: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3698: 3676: 3658: 3657:Boris Sheremetev 3651: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3628: 3613: 3600: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3555: 3542: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3528: 3513: 3500: 3499: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3479: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3455: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3406: 3393: 3392: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3370: 3350: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3305: 3286: 3273: 3271:Mikhail Golitsyn 3264: 3263: 3262: 3257: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3226: 3213: 3212:Boris Sheremetev 3208: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3185: 3170: 3157: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3125: 3105: 3104: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3082: 3061:– 10 April 1706 3060: 3047: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3033: 3021: 3009: 2996: 2989: 2988: 2980: 2965: 2952: 2951: 2938: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2903: 2890: 2889: 2876: 2875: 2867: 2849: 2836: 2835:Adam von Steinau 2831: 2830: 2822: 2807: 2794: 2789:Adam von Steinau 2786:Augustus II 2781: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2764: 2743: 2730: 2728:Grzegorz Ogiński 2723: 2722: 2721: 2714: 2692: 2672: 2666:Adam von Steinau 2661: 2660: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2644: 2623: 2610: 2603: 2602: 2601: 2594: 2577: 2564: 2562:Boris Sheremetev 2557: 2556: 2555: 2548: 2530: 2518: 2500: 2493: 2492: 2484: 2461: 2418: 2415: 2407: 2406: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2323: 2322: 2314: 2313: 1718: 1717: 1709: 1708: 1681:E. M. Almedingen 1666:A petty fortress 1315:Varberg Fortress 1161:Karl XII, 1707. 1150: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1130: 1107: 1099: 1071:, the Battle of 1055:and studied the 1024:David von Krafft 965: 853:Saint Petersburg 821:Saint Petersburg 784:Charles XII and 679:Poland-Lithuania 629:(1560–1568) and 444:Treaty of Nystad 372:Holstein-Gottorp 364:Poland–Lithuania 274: 249: 188:26 February 1719 171: 168:30 November 1718 105:14 December 1697 92: 74: 71: 66:Hyacinthe Rigaud 62: 50: 49: 21: 8040: 8039: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8030: 8029: 7930: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7886: 7882:Carl XVI Gustaf 7877:Gustaf VI Adolf 7827: 7818:Gustav IV Adolf 7808:Adolf Frederick 7778: 7767:Ulrika Eleonora 7732: 7731: 7724: 7713: 7704:Gustav II Adolf 7654: 7423: 7421: 7404: 7375: 7317: 7208: 7129: 7110: 7096:Olof Skötkonung 7067: 7062: 7032: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7006: 6995:16th generation 6990: 6974:15th generation 6969: 6958:14th generation 6953: 6922:13th generation 6917: 6891:12th generation 6886: 6855:11th generation 6850: 6831:King Charles XV 6824:10th generation 6819: 6798: 6767: 6753:King Gustav III 6741: 6725: 6704: 6700:King Charles XI 6688: 6652: 6614: 6610:King Charles IX 6583: 6556: 6554:Swedish princes 6551: 6517: 6508: 6498: 6496:Ulrika Eleonora 6489: 6484: 6477: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6441: 6434: 6412: 6396: 6377: 6362: 6327: 6303: 6283:Hone, Michael. 6190: 6188:Further reading 6185: 6160: 6156: 6131: 6127: 6102: 6098: 6082: 6081: 6074: 6072: 6065: 6061: 6045: 6044: 6037: 6035: 6020: 6016: 6006: 6004: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5935: 5931: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5898: 5894: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5855: 5851: 5844: 5830: 5826: 5813: 5809: 5796: 5792: 5775: 5767: 5765: 5756: 5749: 5747: 5734: 5733: 5729: 5718: 5714: 5703: 5699: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5655: 5651: 5644: 5622: 5618: 5607: 5603: 5592: 5588: 5577: 5573: 5561: 5554: 5542: 5538: 5531: 5509: 5505: 5485: 5481: 5453: 5449: 5445:, 2016, p. 451. 5440: 5436: 5432:, 2015, p. 152. 5427: 5423: 5414: 5410: 5406:, 1968, p. 220. 5401: 5397: 5393:, 1968, p. 219. 5388: 5381: 5372: 5368: 5364:, 1968, p. 210. 5359: 5355: 5346: 5339: 5330: 5326: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5240: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5197: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5166: 5151: 5141: 5139: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5049:. p. 140. 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5014: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4982: 4978: 4969: 4965: 4958: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4925:. p. 265. 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4809: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4742: 4738: 4730: 4726: 4719: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4686: 4682:(2000), p. 154. 4677: 4673: 4666: 4650: 4643: 4629: 4625: 4615:Wayback Machine 4605: 4601: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4547: 4526: 4522: 4506: 4505: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4469:Livrustkammaren 4464: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4440: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4344: 4330: 4314: 4309: 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2355: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2317: 2312: 2219: 2203: 1706: 1697:Peter the Great 1694:'s magnum opus 1671: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1586:Peter the Great 1572: 1552: 1500:Kungsträdgården 1463:Gustav IV Adolf 1438:Charles XII by 1432: 1386: 1366:Ulrika Eleonora 1287:Dano-Norwegians 1275: 1151: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1120: 1108: 1097: 1069:Helsinki (1713) 959: 946:Ağa Yusuf Pasha 936:, commander of 918: 813:Peter the Great 778: 742:Battle of Narva 727:Peter the Great 654: 652:Early campaigns 649: 643: 607:Duke in Bavaria 517:, Charles XII, 495: 489: 473:Ulrika Eleonora 419:march on Moscow 400:Peter the Great 396:Battle of Narva 258:Military career 195: 189: 173: 169: 149: 124:Ulrika Eleonora 90: 75: 72: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8038: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7919:king of Poland 7915: 7913:Danish monarch 7905: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7848: 7846: 7839: 7833: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7804: 7802: 7795: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7748: 7746: 7739: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7645: 7635: 7628: 7621: 7618:Svante Nilsson 7614: 7607: 7597: 7590: 7587:House of Bonde 7580: 7573: 7566: 7559: 7556:House of Bonde 7549: 7542: 7532: 7519: 7516:House of Bonde 7509: 7496: 7486: 7483:Charles (VIII) 7479: 7469: 7466:Charles (VIII) 7462: 7452: 7433: 7431: 7424: 7416: 7410: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7396: 7394: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7338: 7336: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7308: 7303: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7267: 7262: 7248: 7241: 7235: 7233: 7232:c. 1130 – 1250 7226: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7192: 7187: 7178: 7176:Inge the Elder 7173: 7168: 7166:Inge the Elder 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7133: 7131: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7087: 7085: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7061: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7038: 7029: 7028: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7004: 6998: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6977: 6975: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6961: 6959: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6803:9th generation 6800: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6772:8th generation 6769: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6749: 6747: 6746:7th generation 6743: 6742: 6740: 6739: 6733: 6731: 6730:6th generation 6727: 6726: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6712: 6710: 6709:5th generation 6706: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6696: 6694: 6693:4th generation 6690: 6689: 6687: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6657:3rd generation 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6622: 6620: 6619:2nd generation 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6591: 6589: 6588:1st generation 6585: 6584: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6550: 6549: 6542: 6535: 6527: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6510: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6491: 6482:King of Sweden 6478: 6473: 6469: 6468: 6467:Regnal titles 6464: 6463: 6442: 6435: 6432: 6427: 6426: 6410: 6394: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6357: 6352: 6346: 6340: 6326: 6325:External links 6323: 6322: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6302:978-9188930996 6301: 6288: 6281: 6272: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6240: 6233: 6222: 6211: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6154: 6125: 6096: 6085:cite interview 6059: 6014: 5984: 5954: 5947: 5929: 5907: 5892: 5872:978-0297748267 5871: 5849: 5843:978-9119418326 5842: 5824: 5807: 5790: 5740:Dagens Nyheter 5727: 5712: 5697: 5682: 5676:978-0803247505 5675: 5649: 5643:978-0803247505 5642: 5616: 5601: 5586: 5571: 5552: 5536: 5530:978-0803247505 5529: 5503: 5488:Essame, Hubert 5479: 5447: 5434: 5428:Tim Blanning, 5421: 5408: 5402:R. M. Hatton, 5395: 5389:R. M. Hatton, 5379: 5366: 5360:R. M. Hatton, 5353: 5337: 5324: 5322:, 1968, p. 89. 5318:R. M. Hatton, 5311: 5285: 5254:(5): pgac234. 5231: 5222: 5191: 5149: 5118: 5092: 5062: 5055: 5037: 5020:Slakt Historia 5007: 4992:(in Swedish). 4976: 4963: 4956: 4938: 4931: 4913: 4883: 4853: 4841: 4835:978-0521815291 4834: 4814: 4808:978-0521399296 4807: 4784: 4772: 4760: 4748: 4736: 4724: 4718:978-3039103249 4717: 4697: 4684: 4678:Thomas Derry, 4671: 4665:978-1610697866 4664: 4641: 4638:. p. 829. 4623: 4599: 4595:Liljegren 2000 4587: 4557: 4520: 4489: 4478:on 29 May 2015 4453: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4410: 4400: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4326: 4321: 4312: 4308:Denmark–Norway 4305: 4302: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4276: 4267: 4263:Denmark–Norway 4260: 4257: 4245: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4217: 4208: 4204:Denmark–Norway 4201: 4198: 4186: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4167: 4158: 4154:Denmark–Norway 4151: 4148: 4145: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4126: 4117: 4113:Denmark–Norway 4110: 4107: 4095: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4081: 4074: 4065: 4061:Denmark–Norway 4058: 4055: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4016: 4007: 4003:Denmark–Norway 4000: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3967: 3944: 3937: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3894: 3869: 3862: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3822: 3805: 3798: 3795: 3790: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3771: 3762: 3749: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3722: 3708: 3699: 3690:Ottoman Empire 3686: 3683: 3678: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3652: 3629: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3598:Carl von Rönne 3594: 3571: 3564: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3538: 3529: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3487: 3471: 3464: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3441:William Fermor 3438: 3422: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3394: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3329: 3306: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3265: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3209: 3186: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3151: 3142: 3135: 3132: 3127: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3092: 3083: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3052: 3051: 3048: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3022: 3010: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2990: 2981: 2974: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2939: 2923: 2912: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2877: 2868: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2832: 2823: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2782: 2765: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2731: 2724: 2715: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2688: 2684: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2670:Anikita Repnin 2662: 2645: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2604: 2595: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2558: 2549: 2536: 2531: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2498:Jens Rostgaard 2494: 2485: 2476:Denmark–Norway 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2412: 2411: 2399: 2397:Ottoman Empire 2387: 2385:Kalmyk Khanate 2375: 2363: 2351: 2339: 2327: 2325:Denmark–Norway 2311: 2308: 2236:is about him. 2218: 2215: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1590:Samuel Johnson 1571: 1568: 1551: 1548: 1459:Age of Liberty 1431: 1428: 1385: 1382: 1374:Gustav Leopold 1274: 1271: 1153: 1152: 1111: 1109: 1102: 1096: 1093: 983:Ottoman Empire 968:Constantinople 924:Royal Monogram 917: 914: 910:Russian Empire 906:Swedish Empire 885:Ottoman Empire 777: 774: 760:allies at the 703:Swedish Ingria 671:Denmark–Norway 653: 650: 645:Main article: 642: 639: 491:Main article: 488: 485: 448:Swedish Empire 435:Ottoman Empire 390:. Leading the 384:Swedish Empire 356:Denmark–Norway 325:King of Sweden 296: 295: 292: 291: 286: 282: 281: 276: 270: 269: 264: 260: 259: 255: 254: 251: 250: 243: 239: 238: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 197: 196: 190: 186: 182: 181: 179:Denmark–Norway 172:(aged 36) 166: 162: 161: 146: 142: 141: 138: 137: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 103: 97: 96: 88: 84: 83: 81:King of Sweden 77: 76: 63: 55: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8037: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8020:Sons of kings 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7920: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7904: 7900: 7897: 7896: 7893: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7834: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7796: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7743: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7650: 7646: 7643: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7608: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7595: 7591: 7588: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7574: 7572: 7571: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7494: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7460: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7425: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7372: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7313: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7279:Knut Eriksson 7277: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7256: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7215: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7157:Håkan the Red 7155: 7153: 7152:Anund Gårdske 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7142:Eric and Eric 7140: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7117: 7107: 7106:Emund the Old 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084:970 – c. 1060 7079: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7059: 7054: 7052: 7047: 7045: 7040: 7039: 7036: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7009: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6972: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6956: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6867:King Gustaf V 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:King Oscar II 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6600:King John III 6598: 6596: 6595:King Eric XIV 6593: 6592: 6590: 6586: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6568:House of Vasa 6565: 6559: 6555: 6548: 6543: 6541: 6536: 6534: 6529: 6528: 6525: 6516: 6507: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6476: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6453: 6448: 6447: 6440: 6439: 6430: 6423: 6422: 6416: 6411: 6407: 6406: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6388: 6381: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6294: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6275:Hatton, R. M. 6273: 6270: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6201: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6158: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6129: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6108: 6100: 6092: 6086: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6049: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6002: 5998: 5997:The Telegraph 5994: 5988: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5950: 5948:0-345-29806-3 5944: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5911: 5903: 5896: 5888: 5882: 5874: 5868: 5863: 5862: 5853: 5845: 5839: 5836:. Norstedts. 5835: 5828: 5820: 5819: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5786: 5782: 5781:Peter Englund 5778: 5763: 5759: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5723: 5716: 5708: 5701: 5693: 5686: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5663: 5662: 5653: 5645: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5620: 5612: 5605: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5575: 5566: 5559: 5557: 5547: 5540: 5532: 5526: 5522: 5517: 5516: 5507: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5444: 5438: 5431: 5425: 5418: 5412: 5405: 5399: 5392: 5386: 5384: 5376: 5370: 5363: 5357: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5334: 5328: 5321: 5315: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5236: 5226: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5058: 5056:1-85728-106-3 5052: 5048: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4973: 4967: 4959: 4957:9780297748267 4953: 4949: 4942: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4901: 4898:. Wordpress. 4897: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4848: 4846: 4837: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4818: 4810: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4781: 4776: 4769: 4764: 4757: 4752: 4745: 4740: 4733: 4728: 4720: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4701: 4694: 4693:History Today 4688: 4681: 4675: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4648: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4627: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4524: 4516: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4493: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4429: 4414: 4404: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4328:Defeat 4322: 4318: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4168: 4164: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4127: 4123: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4096: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4059: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4044: 4039: 4036: 4035: 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Retrieved 4473:the original 4468: 4456: 4448:the original 4413: 4403: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4353:Gottorp Fury 4331: 4189:Fredrikshald 4185:–4 Jul 1716 4144:–5 Jun 1716 3774:Captain Rohr 3712:Ismail Pasha 3126:–7 Feb 1708 3096:Georg Ogilvy 2297: 2286: 2284: 2277: 2275: 2264: 2262: 2251: 2240: 2238: 2231: 2229: 2222: 2220: 1940: 1696: 1689: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1595: 1579: 1573: 1553: 1543:Adolf Hitler 1539:World War II 1536: 1531: 1518: 1516: 1507: 1506:'s painting 1487: 1456: 1444: 1416: 1387: 1363: 1352: 1343: 1319: 1299: 1283: 1276: 1251: 1243:Tordenskjold 1231:Fredrikshald 1219: 1215: 1211: 1201: 1194:painting by 1192:romanticized 1185: 1141: 1132: 1121:Please help 1116:verification 1113: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1073:Pälkäne 1713 1061: 1057:Ottoman Navy 1029: 1022:Portrait by 1002: 995: 990: 986: 980: 957:Thomas Funck 950: 927: 903: 899:Perevolochna 892: 874: 846: 802: 750: 731: 707: 668: 663:Charles XIII 624: 531:Grand Prince 508: 507: 504: 464: 416: 398:, compelled 392:Swedish army 353: 316: 304: 303:, sometimes 300: 299: 285:Battles/wars 279:Swedish Army 175:Fredrikshald 170:(1718-11-30) 148:17 June 1682 64:Portrait by 47: 7945:1718 deaths 7940:1682 births 7773:Frederick I 7762:Charles XII 7725:Zweibrücken 7723:Palatinate- 7625:Eric Trolle 7535:Christian I 7385:Mecklenburg 7265:Charles VII 7101:Anund Jacob 6030:(Reviews). 5768:27 February 5750:27 February 5613:. 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New York. 4378:as "iron", 4300:Fredriksten 4251: [ 4224: [ 4192: [ 4170:Hans Günter 4101: [ 4049: [ 4046:Christiania 4041:21 Mar 1716 4023: [ 4020:Ulrik Kruse 3927:16 Nov 1715 3905: [ 3829: [ 3715: [ 3554:21 Feb 1709 3512:19 Feb 1709 3494: [ 3405:17 Jan 1709 3387: [ 3285:20 Sep 1708 3225:10 Sep 1708 3169:14 Jul 1708 3099: [ 3016: [ 2946: [ 2884: [ 2742:19 Jul 1702 2622:19 Jul 1701 2576:30 Nov 1700 2525: [ 2517:27 Nov 1700 2439:Opponent/s 2271:Gösta Ekman 2247:Gösta Ekman 2242:Charles XII 1532:Karolinerna 1311:André Sicre 1239:Fredriksten 1222:Christiania 1049:Didimoticho 1033:janissaries 960: [ 829:Ivan Mazepa 754:Augustus II 746:Narva River 515:His Majesty 487:Royal title 317:Carolus Rex 301:Charles XII 194:, Stockholm 110:Predecessor 73: 1715 53:Charles XII 7934:Categories 7862:Charles XV 7845:since 1818 7837:Bernadotte 7813:Gustav III 7757:Charles XI 7699:Charles IX 7649:Gustav (I) 7362:Eric "XII" 7347:Magnus III 7306:Knut Långe 7171:Blot-Sweyn 7091:Eric "VII" 6580:Bernadotte 6578:; and the 6509:1697–1718 6490:1697–1718 6475:Charles XI 6075:24 January 6038:17 January 6007:25 January 5977:25 January 5924:1063928075 5865:. London. 5821:p. 1. 5248:PNAS Nexus 4758:, p. 280. 4425:References 4259:Operation 3990:9 Mar 1716 3797:Operation 3748:Operation 3612:8 Jul 1709 3454:8 Feb 1709 3008:9 Nov 1704 2964:7 Nov 1704 2902:6 Sep 1704 2806:1 May 1703 2460:4 Aug 1700 1570:Literature 1420:homosexual 1403:Axel Löwen 1135:April 2014 1047:(nowadays 631:Charles IX 460:Gustav III 341:Charles XI 263:Allegiance 151:Tre Kronor 114:Charles XI 101:Coronation 7909:Norwegian 7801:1751–1818 7792:Oldenburg 7745:1654–1751 7709:Christina 7694:Sigismund 7672:1523–1654 7472:Eric XIII 7455:Eric XIII 7445:Eric XIII 7430:1389–1523 7393:1364–1389 7367:Magnus IV 7357:Magnus IV 7335:1250–1364 7312:Eric "XI" 7300:Eric "XI" 7251:Magnus II 7130:1160–1161 6566:, of the 6178:457320804 6149:186563462 6120:256604521 6112:Stockholm 5881:cite book 5474:901339492 5419:, p. 317. 5377:, p. 469. 5111:10 August 4732:Karoliner 4509:cite book 4396:inventory 4388:demir baş 4248:Iddefjord 4221:Hans Brun 4057:Skirmish 3999:Skirmish 3942:(Germany) 3867:(Germany) 3857:Stralsund 3793:Usedom II 3760:/ Poland) 3627:(Ukraine) 3569:(Ukraine) 3527:(Ukraine) 3519:Skirmish 3469:(Ukraine) 3463:Skirmish 3420:(Ukraine) 3369:(Ukraine) 3360:Operation 3294:Skirmish 3240:(Belarus) 3230:Malatitze 3184:(Belarus) 3174:Holowczyn 3140:(Belarus) 3134:Skirmish 3013:Oderbeltz 2711:Lithuania 2701:Skirmish 2593:(Estonia) 2522:Pyhajoggi 2433:Location 2302:wrote an 1704:Ancestors 1679:In 1938 1560:gunpowder 1496:Stockholm 1328:From the 1295:grapeshot 1279:New Style 1263:Trondheim 1208:Stralsund 976:Ahmed III 894:Caroleans 857:Nyenskans 714:the Sound 567:Pomerania 527:the Wends 523:the Goths 242:Signature 155:Stockholm 120:Successor 7872:Gustaf V 7867:Oscar II 7689:John III 7684:Eric XIV 7679:Gustav I 7437:Margaret 7420:indicate 7342:Valdemar 7289:Eric "X" 7274:Boleslaw 7195:Magnus I 6564:Gustav I 6197:(1911). 6048:cite web 6032:Archived 6001:Archived 5971:Archived 5762:Archived 5744:Archived 5490:(1961). 5458:(1799). 5335:, p. 38. 5298:Archived 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2233:Carl XII 1576:Voltaire 1519:Karl XII 1490:(1818), 1486:'s song 1045:Dimetoka 1031:Ottoman 987:Demirbaş 930:Ottomans 807:and the 756:and his 687:Livonian 627:Erik XIV 575:Kashubia 468:Voltaire 313:Karl XII 305:Carl XII 273:Service/ 236:Lutheran 232:Religion 18:Karl XII 7857:Oscar I 7600:John II 7422:regents 7418:Italics 7220:· 7218:Sverker 7162:Halsten 7147:Halsten 7137:Stenkil 7120:Stenkil 6424:. 1879. 6408:. 1905. 6392:. 1914. 6280:(1968). 6245:Volumes 6217:(1899) 6170:Uppsala 5271:9802245 5085:22 June 4876:24 June 4394:means " 4332:† 4233:Defeat 4133:Defeat 3974:Defeat 3936:Battle 3932:Stresow 3918:Defeat 3842:Defeat 3758:Germany 3724:Defeat 3695:Moldova 3661:Defeat 3655:Peter I 3621:Battle 3617:Poltava 3563:Battle 3541:Unknown 3332:Peter I 3290:Rajovka 3268:Peter I 3234:Battle 3178:Battle 3155:Peter I 3079:Belarus 3046:Unknown 3024:Battle 2973:Battle 2919:Ukraine 2907:Lemberg 2815:Battle 2811:Pułtusk 2751:Battle 2747:Kliszów 2697:Tryszki 2631:Battle 2545:Estonia 2481:Denmark 2470:Landing 2427:Action 2300:Sabaton 1471:Roberts 1330:autopsy 1245:in the 998:Varnița 870:Ukraine 866:Baturin 861:Lesnaya 835:of the 794:Poltava 788:at the 738:Estonia 734:Livonia 718:Zealand 595:Ingeria 577:and of 571:Rostock 563:Stettin 555:Karelia 551:Livonia 547:Estonia 535:Finland 427:Poltava 376:Livonia 329:Finland 323:), was 309:Swedish 7400:Albert 7371:Haakon 7352:Birger 7327:Bjälbo 7294:John I 7181:Philip 6457: 6389: 6299: 6219:online 6176: 6147: 6118: 5945: 5922: 5869: 5840: 5673: 5640: 5527: 5498:Kansas 5472: 5466:London 5278: 5268: 5053: 4954: 4929: 4832: 4805: 4715: 4662: 4538: 4304:Siege 4294:20 Nov 4242:15 Jul 4150:Siege 4109:Siege 4092:22 Mar 3995:Høland 3861:Siege 3851:12 Jul 3787:31 Jul 3681:Bender 3675:31 Jan 3410:Veprik 3302:Russia 3130:Grodno 3065:Grodno 3059:26 Jan 2969:Poniec 2848:26 May 2761:Poland 2641:Latvia 2586:Battle 1683:wrote 1625:Moscow 1430:Legacy 1291:musket 1235:Halden 1233:, now 1198:, 1884 1037:ruckus 942:Bender 889:Bender 833:Hetman 817:Ingria 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Charles XII of Sweden

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