22:
198:
3612:
102:
604:
618:
333:
947:
951:
592: (1981)). However, the Supreme Court's principal concern in its decision was that the City of Hialeah specifically targeted a religious ritual, curbing the religious rights of a specific community, which conflicts with the First Amendment's Establishment Clause.
570:
stating in the decision, "Religious beliefs need not be acceptable, logical, consistent or comprehensible to others in order to merit First
Amendment protection" (quoted by Justice Kennedy from the opinion by Justice
93:
has made the claim that more than two-thirds of all the slaughtered birds are simply thrown in the trash, while the kapparot organizers claim that the sites donate the dead chickens to feed the poor.
153:
2231:
577:
136:
3580:
254:. It is then given to charity for consumption at the pre-Yom Kippur meal. In modern times, this variant of the ritual is performed with a rooster for men and a hen for women.
261:
This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my atonement. This rooster (hen) will go to its death, while I will enter and proceed to a good long life and to peace.
2121:
3343:
3333:
2011:
514:
1801:
281:
This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my atonement. This money will go to charity, while I will enter and proceed to a good long life and to peace.
2251:
582:
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554:
3575:
3303:
3323:
922:
3557:
2838:
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1255:
412:
will generally follow the halachic rulings of Rabbi
Isserles where the Sephardic and Ashkenazic customs differ. It was also approved by
2266:
2161:
1015:
Some efforts, though, have been made to point out that the ritual is not religiously required and can instead be performed with money.
2768:
2340:
3515:
1733:
1487:
545:
175:, one prepares an item to be donated to the poor for consumption at the pre-Yom Kippur meal, recites the two biblical passages of
2522:
2226:
1100:
3671:
2081:
1872:
994:
2191:
2156:
1038:
896:
2171:
666:
189:, and then swings the prepared charitable donation over one's head three times while reciting a short prayer three times.
3539:
3163:
2136:
21:
3636:
708:
549:
465:
as well. The
Mishnah Berurah only supports the use of money (i.e., not a chicken) if there might be a problem with the
3666:
2758:
2206:
1324:
836:
3288:
2623:
1932:
1618:
1067:
828:
704:
773:
3651:
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1502:
324:
means both "man" and "rooster", a rooster may substitute as a religious and spiritual vessel in place of a man.
79:. This is a practice in which either money is waved over a person's head and then donated to charity, or else a
2016:
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allusions in the prescribed formulas. Consequently, the practice became generally accepted among the
354:
is a nonsensical custom that should be abolished. Later editions removed this. However, according to
1057:
3168:
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2354:
2312:
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466:
408:. In Ashkenazi communities especially, Rabbi Isserles' position came to be widely accepted, since
245:
926:
544:
ritual in the United States argue the practice to be constitutionally protected as an exercise of
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On Yom Kippur eve 2005, a number of caged chickens were abandoned in rainy weather as part of a
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362:, 1:23), the chapter heading was not written by Rabbi Karo but was inserted by the publishers.
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1990:
1897:
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513:, New York; some of these starving and dehydrated chickens were subsequently rescued by the
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2427:
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1980:
1975:
1786:
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1072:
1061:
820:
311:
164:
144:, which means 'to cover', the derived meaning being one of covering or blotting out sin.
3469:
3338:
3253:
2873:
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2818:
2673:
2387:
2221:
1970:
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1965:
1947:
1811:
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1432:
1414:
1349:
1284:
1204:
567:
462:
457:
448:
425:
417:
397:, his reasoning was based on the caution that it is similar to non-Jewish rites.
393:
355:
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35:
3409:
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879:
861:
735:
609:
452:
444:
433:
409:
401:
387:
342:
176:
789:... alternatively been practised with coins which are then donated to charity.
723:
to cover, purge, make an atonement, make reconciliation, cover over with pitch
525:
chickens. In response to such reports of the mistreatment of chickens, Jewish
436:
186:
179:
3630:
3489:
3464:
3439:
3434:
3414:
3258:
3228:
3173:
3128:
3123:
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2527:
2512:
2502:
2487:
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2462:
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2442:
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2319:
2131:
2126:
2051:
1995:
1922:
1892:
1806:
1766:
1700:
1573:
1553:
1477:
1117:
999:
526:
378:
318:. Jewish scholars in the ninth century explained that since the Hebrew word
3158:
3042:
2982:
2972:
2957:
2863:
2858:
2828:
2728:
2723:
2713:
2683:
2668:
2613:
2532:
2507:
2432:
2256:
2196:
2046:
1985:
1937:
1520:
1472:
1422:
882:
866:
777:
739:
691:"URGENT: Tens of Thousands of Chickens to be Slaughtered in Ritual Killing"
623:
347:
299:
233:. In this case, the rooster is swung overhead while still alive. After the
131:
3424:
3243:
3133:
3067:
3062:
2967:
2952:
2868:
2848:
2753:
2653:
2578:
2537:
2412:
2407:
1821:
1761:
1675:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1217:
521:, was charged with animal cruelty for the drowning deaths of 35 of these
429:
370:
183:
152:
774:"The Ancient Origins of an Obscure Egyptian Jewish High Holy Day Custom"
559:
3376:
3263:
3178:
2992:
2987:
2813:
2778:
2738:
2733:
2457:
2091:
1816:
1680:
1670:
1660:
1613:
1515:
1427:
1234:
1152:
461:
agrees with Rabbi
Isserles, solidifying support for the practice among
218:
172:
101:
76:
2116:
1856:
1685:
1535:
1530:
1457:
1228:
1190:
802:
754:
432:, who recommended the selection of a white rooster as a reference to
420:(1269–1343) and other commentators. The ritual was also supported by
303:
274:, a bag of money is swung around the head and then given to charity.
206:
3381:
3366:
1635:
1593:
1578:
1482:
1467:
1371:
1197:
1136:
705:"Strong's Concordance Lexicon entry for kaphar (Hebrew word #3722)"
646:
510:
421:
250:
158:
578:
Thomas v. Review Board of the
Indiana Employment Security Division
2211:
1711:
1623:
1437:
1381:
1341:
1333:
805:
757:
241:
238:
230:
210:
84:
80:
1078:
529:
organizations have begun to picket public observances of animal
3371:
1183:
1125:
636:
534:
83:
is waved over the head and then slaughtered in accordance with
69:
65:
59:
2236:
2101:
1366:
90:
72:
1302:
332:
515:
American
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
1802:
Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals
237:
ritual is concluded, the rooster is treated as a normal
995:"Activists cry foul over ultra-Orthodox chicken ritual"
776:. Historical Society of Jews From Egypt. Archived from
314:, the rite probably originated toward the end of the
53:
599:
105:
Lithograph of
Kapparot, late 19th/early 20th century
47:
667:"Annulment of Vows and Kapparot - Jewish Tradition"
134:
555:Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah
480:approves of the custom for Sephardi Jews as well.
3628:
3576:List of international animal welfare conventions
3334:Dishes involving the consumption of live animals
897:"THE CUSTOM OF KAPPAROT IN THE JEWISH TRADITION"
369:was strongly opposed by some rabbis, among them
277:In this case, the prayer recited translates as:
257:In this case, the prayer recited translates as:
558:. In that case, the court upheld the right of
488:Some Jews also oppose the use of chickens for
350:, ch. 605, states in the chapter heading that
1727:
1318:
1094:
974:"Rabbis cry 'fowl' on ritual use of chickens"
851:Complete Jewish Bible by David H. Stern -1998
483:
310:, also of Sura Academy, in 853. According to
819:
517:. Jacob Kalish, an Orthodox Jewish man from
319:
121:
115:
109:
1493:European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC
950:. New York Post. 2005-11-10. Archived from
18:Atonement ritual practiced by Orthodox Jews
2162:International Society for Applied Ethology
1734:
1720:
1325:
1311:
1101:
1087:
2341:Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
992:
327:
229:, the item to be donated to charity is a
3516:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
920:
546:freedom of religion in the United States
331:
196:
151:
100:
25:Kapparot ritual on the eve of Yom Kippur
20:
548:, which is further supported by a 1993
270:In a second variant of the practice of
3629:
1248:
3344:People associated with animal welfare
3304:Animal welfare and rights legislation
2192:Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research
1715:
1306:
1082:
948:"Abuse Most Fowl; Chicken-death Bust"
925:. Times Herald-Record. Archived from
923:"Abandoned chickens saved from death"
771:
3324:Animal welfare and rights by country
2227:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
2172:List of animal welfare organizations
1068:Kaparot: Yom Kippur In Crown Heights
1026:
971:
3540:Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022
404:disagreed with Karo and encouraged
320:
294:is mentioned for the first time by
116:
39:
13:
3581:Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998
1741:
1559:Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
709:Rancho Santa Margarita, California
550:Supreme Court of the United States
225:In one variant of the practice of
192:
14:
3688:
2207:National Anti-Vivisection Society
1574:Histomoniasis (blackhead disease)
1108:
1051:
1033:. Cengage Learning. p. 266.
921:Horrigan, Jeremiah (2005-10-22).
87:rules and donated to the hungry.
3611:
3610:
1933:Intrinsic value in animal ethics
1619:Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome
993:Neroulias, Nicole (2010-09-08).
829:University of Pennsylvania Press
616:
602:
3598:List of animal rights advocates
1488:Abnormal behaviour in captivity
1020:
986:
965:
940:
914:
889:
872:
854:
2017:Animal Defenders International
1873:Abnormal behaviours in animals
845:
813:
794:
765:
746:
728:
697:
683:
659:
472:In the late 19th-century work
265:
1:
3672:Judaism-related controversies
2202:National Animal Welfare Trust
2112:Farm Animal Welfare Committee
2037:Animal Welfare Board of India
1913:Ethics of uncertain sentience
1256:Observance by Jewish athletes
825:Jewish Magic and Superstition
652:
562:adherents to practice ritual
3564:Horse Protection Act of 1970
2147:Humane Slaughter Association
2142:Humane Society International
1569:Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
96:
7:
3546:Cruelty to Animals Act 1876
3475:Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo
2177:League Against Cruel Sports
2152:International Animal Rescue
2077:Compassion in World Farming
1332:
595:
416:(c. 1250–1327) and his son
147:
122:
110:
54:
48:
10:
3693:
3534:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
3511:Animal testing regulations
1903:Compassionate conservation
1030:Criminal Law and Procedure
484:Animal cruelty controversy
285:
135:
3637:Animal festival or ritual
3606:
3590:
3503:
3445:International Primate Day
3395:
3357:
3281:
3096:
3038:Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell
2925:
2916:
2551:
2380:
2371:
2290:
2004:
1956:
1865:
1827:Welfare of farmed insects
1749:
1641:Infectious bursal disease
1630:Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3
1544:
1501:
1413:
1390:
1340:
1268:
1151:
1116:
972:Sela, Neta (2006-09-28).
540:Proponents of the animal
469:due to haste or fatigue.
336:The original printing of
248:according to the laws of
44:Ashkenazi transliteration
3667:Hebrew words and phrases
2749:Alasdair Alpin MacGregor
2299:American Humane Magazine
2217:Party for Animal Welfare
2042:Animal Welfare Institute
1842:Feedback (pork industry)
1792:Intensive animal farming
1405:List of poultry feathers
1027:Hall, Daniel E. (2008).
552:decision in the case of
498:, the principle banning
171:On the afternoon before
3558:EU Directive 1999/74/EC
3552:EU Directive 2010/63/EU
3528:Animal Welfare Act 2006
3522:Animal Welfare Act 1999
3485:Surin Elephant Round-up
3289:Animal advocacy parties
2824:Thomas Bywater Smithies
2794:Maude Gillette Phillips
2784:Catherine Louisa Pirkis
2689:Catherine Victoria Hall
2277:World Animal Protection
2272:Wildlife Aid Foundation
1696:Tibial dyschondroplasia
1691:Squamous cell carcinoma
1400:List of chicken colours
383:Joseph ben Ephraim Karo
338:Joseph ben Ephraim Karo
3652:Jewish law and rituals
3460:Monkey Buffet Festival
2609:Gerard Lysley Derriman
2262:Toronto Humane Society
1928:Humane law enforcement
1888:Animal welfare science
1878:Animal psychopathology
1270:Ten Days of Repentance
772:Strum, Andrew (2002).
519:Williamsburg, Brooklyn
363:
328:Historical controversy
283:
263:
222:
168:
106:
26:
3387:Tza'ar ba'alei chayim
2639:Agnes Estcourt-Oswald
2398:Matthew E. Bershadker
2355:The Animals' Guardian
2107:Eurogroup for Animals
1991:Pain in invertebrates
1898:Behavioral enrichment
1832:Wild animal suffering
1797:Intensive pig farming
642:Repentance in Judaism
495:tza'ar ba'alei chayim
335:
279:
259:
244:product, i.e., it is
200:
155:
130:" and comes from the
104:
24:
3480:Running of the bulls
3199:Francis Orpen Morris
2884:Caroline Earle White
2799:Samuel Jackson Pratt
2719:Velma Bronn Johnston
2589:Victoria Braithwaite
2468:Emily Patterson-Kane
2418:Judy MacArthur Clark
2032:Animal Aid Unlimited
2022:Animal Welfare Party
1908:Conservation welfare
1852:Ventilation shutdown
1604:Dermanyssus gallinae
821:Trachtenberg, Joshua
632:Atonement in Judaism
439:and who found other
400:The Ashkenazi rabbi
306:in 670 and later by
203:Mahane Yehuda Market
3405:Blessing of animals
3239:William O. Stillman
3194:Basheer Ahmad Masri
3154:J. Morewood Dowsett
3149:Christian Adam Dann
2899:Alice Morgan Wright
2834:Ellin Prince Speyer
2649:Aida McAnn Flemming
2644:Edward G. Fairholme
2574:Madeleine Bemelmans
2428:Peter Ronald Davies
2282:World Horse Welfare
2187:Network for Animals
2067:Blue Cross of India
1981:Pain in crustaceans
1976:Pain in cephalopods
1943:Three Rs principles
1787:Eating live seafood
1782:Eating live animals
1777:Livestock dehorning
1143:Rosh Hashanah seder
1073:The Huffington Post
1062:Jewish Encyclopedia
391:. According to the
312:Joshua Trachtenberg
165:Israel Tsvaygenbaum
120:), the singular of
3677:Animals in Judaism
3470:Pushkar Camel Fair
3329:Cruelty to animals
3314:Animal sanctuaries
3254:D. G. M. Wood-Gush
3209:Siobhan O'Sullivan
2874:Christopher Wathes
2844:Elisabeth Svendsen
2819:Catherine Smithies
2674:Colesworthey Grant
2388:Michael C. Appleby
2222:People for Animals
1971:Pain in amphibians
1918:Ethical omnivorism
1584:Campylobacteriosis
533:, particularly in
500:cruelty to animals
492:on the grounds of
478:Yaakov Chaim Sofer
364:
308:Natronai ben Hilai
223:
169:
107:
68:practiced by some
27:
3624:
3623:
3455:Dog Meat Festival
3430:Gadhimai festival
3277:
3276:
3219:Francis H. Rowley
3214:Charles Reinhardt
3144:Stephen Coleridge
3003:Alistair Lawrence
2938:Jonathan Balcombe
2912:
2911:
2854:Ralph Waldo Trine
2839:Christine Stevens
2769:Lady Mount Temple
2699:Rachel Hirschfeld
2569:H. Baillie-Weaver
2306:Animal Protection
2182:Marine Connection
1847:Foam depopulation
1772:Cormorant culling
1709:
1708:
1666:Newcastle disease
1646:Infectious coryza
1300:
1299:
1264:
1263:
1040:978-1-4283-4059-6
713:Blue Letter Bible
375:Shlomo ben Aderet
296:Amram ben Sheshna
3684:
3647:Animal sacrifice
3614:
3613:
3570:Hunting Act 2004
3495:World Animal Day
3420:Combat de Reines
3309:Animal sacrifice
3224:W. M. S. Russell
3204:George Nicholson
3104:George T. Angell
3048:Susan J. Pearson
2948:Geoffrey Barstow
2923:
2922:
2889:Emily Williamson
2744:Victoria Lidiard
2694:Edward Hemingway
2679:George Greenwood
2619:Marjorie Doggett
2543:Tina M. Widowski
2518:Adolfo Sansolini
2393:Cynthia Bathurst
2378:
2377:
2348:Our Dumb Animals
1959:nonhuman animals
1837:Wildlife farming
1736:
1729:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1453:Broiler industry
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1246:
1245:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1045:
1044:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1005:Associated Press
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
899:. Archived from
893:
887:
876:
870:
858:
852:
849:
843:
842:
827:. Philadelphia:
817:
811:
798:
792:
791:
786:
785:
769:
763:
750:
744:
732:
726:
725:
720:
719:
701:
695:
694:
687:
681:
680:
678:
677:
663:
626:
621:
620:
619:
612:
607:
606:
605:
573:Warren E. Burger
564:animal sacrifice
414:Asher ben Jehiel
360:Shemesh Tsedakah
323:
322:
290:The practice of
143:
142:
125:
119:
118:
113:
57:
51:
41:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3602:
3586:
3499:
3397:
3391:
3359:
3353:
3273:
3249:Ernst von Weber
3184:E. Douglas Hume
3109:Patrick Bateson
3092:
3088:Peter Wohlleben
3033:Virginia Morell
3013:Jeremy Marchant
3008:David Macdonald
2998:Barbara J. King
2918:
2908:
2894:H. Fergie Woods
2764:Shirley McGreal
2659:Basil Goldstone
2629:Alice Drakoules
2559:Gertrude Ansell
2547:
2483:Christine Nicol
2373:
2367:
2286:
2242:RSPCA Australia
2072:Cats Protection
2027:American Humane
2000:
1966:Pain in animals
1958:
1952:
1948:Welfare biology
1861:
1812:Poultry farming
1745:
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1656:Marek's disease
1564:Avian influenza
1540:
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1448:Poultry farming
1443:Chicken tractor
1433:Furnished cages
1409:
1386:
1336:
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1301:
1296:
1285:Fast of Gedalia
1260:
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1205:Unetanneh Tokef
1147:
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1107:
1070:- slideshow by
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839:
831:. p. 163.
818:
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780:on May 16, 2008
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568:Anthony Kennedy
566:, with Justice
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463:Lithuanian Jews
458:Mishnah Berurah
426:Isaiah Horowitz
418:Jacob ben Asher
394:Mishnah Berurah
356:Samson Morpurgo
330:
316:Talmudic period
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193:Using a rooster
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1052:External links
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880:Shulchan Aruch
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445:Ashkenazi Jews
410:Ashkenazi Jews
402:Moses Isserles
388:Shulchan Aruch
343:Shulchan Aruch
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3159:Audrey Eyton
3114:Beddow Bayly
3078:Paul Shapiro
3043:Clare Palmer
3023:Daniel Mills
3018:Jeff McMahan
2983:Celia Haddon
2973:Jane Goodall
2958:Donald Broom
2926:Contemporary
2864:Ethel Venton
2859:Sidney Trist
2829:Herbert Snow
2729:Titus Lander
2724:Albert Knapp
2714:John A. Hoyt
2684:Peter Gurney
2669:Robert Gower
2614:Maria Dickin
2604:Brian Davies
2533:Patti Strand
2508:Naomi Sagara
2433:Petra Deimer
2381:Contemporary
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2327:Cruel Sports
2325:
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2304:
2297:
2291:Publications
2257:Tiggywinkles
2197:MSPCA-Angell
2047:Badger Trust
1986:Pain in fish
1938:Rescue group
1762:Blood sports
1628:
1536:Rooster Flag
1525:
1521:Cockfighting
1473:Chick sexing
1423:Battery cage
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1008:. Retrieved
998:
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952:the original
942:
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927:the original
916:
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901:the original
891:
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874:
867:Orach Chayim
860:
856:
847:
824:
815:
808:: Yom Kippur
800:
796:
788:
782:. Retrieved
778:the original
767:
760:: Yom Kippur
752:
748:
740:Orach Chayim
734:
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722:
716:. Retrieved
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674:. Retrieved
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624:Birds portal
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201:A vendor at
170:
161:with Rooster
156:
138:
132:Semitic root
108:
89:
30:
29:
28:
15:
3504:Legislation
3425:Eid al-Adha
3396:Rituals and
3244:Bell Taylor
3134:Jean Burden
3119:Ernest Bell
3068:Carl Safina
3063:Diana Reiss
2968:Bruce Fogle
2953:Marc Bekoff
2919:and writers
2879:Franz Weber
2869:Jessey Wade
2849:Mary Tealby
2754:Terry Maple
2654:Lucy Furman
2579:Henry Bergh
2538:Sally Varma
2413:Jan Cameron
2408:Moira Brown
2374:and workers
1822:Vivisection
1676:Psittacosis
1661:Mycoplasmas
1609:Egg binding
1594:Coccidiosis
1589:Candidiasis
1392:Terminology
1218:Ten Martyrs
671:yahadut.org
474:Kaf Hachaim
430:Isaac Luria
371:Nachmanides
266:Using money
246:slaughtered
3662:Yom Kippur
3631:Categories
3282:Categories
3264:Hugh Wirth
3179:C. W. Hume
3097:Historical
2993:Erich Hoyt
2988:Jane Hurst
2814:Jan Salter
2779:Felix Ortt
2739:Etta Lemon
2734:Carla Lane
2599:Jim Cronin
2552:Historical
2458:Brian Hare
2092:Dogs Trust
2062:Blue Cross
1817:Puppy mill
1671:Omphalitis
1614:Erysipelas
1516:Cockatrice
1428:Free range
1342:As poultry
1235:Break fast
1171:Confession
1166:Repentance
1153:Yom Kippur
1010:2011-08-30
979:2008-10-06
958:2009-05-06
933:2008-10-06
907:2008-10-06
784:2011-08-16
718:2011-08-19
676:2024-08-24
653:References
424:, such as
422:Kabbalists
377:, and the
219:Yom Kippur
173:Yom Kippur
77:Yom Kippur
3398:festivals
3358:Religious
3339:Fur trade
2372:Activists
2117:Four Paws
2057:Battersea
1857:Barn fire
1686:Scaly leg
1531:Sarimanok
1415:Husbandry
1191:Kol Nidre
1161:Atonement
823:(2004) .
803:ArtScroll
755:ArtScroll
467:slaughter
304:Babylonia
207:Jerusalem
180:107:17–20
128:atonement
126:, means "
97:Etymology
63:atonement
60:customary
49:Kapporois
3616:Category
3450:Kapparot
3382:Shechita
3367:Dhabihah
2917:Scholars
1866:Concepts
1681:Pullorum
1636:Gapeworm
1579:Botulism
1546:Diseases
1526:Kapparos
1483:Candling
1468:Hatchery
1372:Poularde
1198:Selichot
1177:Kapparot
1137:Tashlikh
1058:Kapparah
647:Tashlikh
596:See also
560:Santería
542:kapparot
531:kapparot
523:kapparot
511:Brooklyn
507:kapparot
490:kapparot
406:kapparot
379:Sephardi
367:Kapparot
352:kapparot
292:kapparot
272:kapparot
251:shechita
235:kapparot
227:kapparot
215:kapparot
211:roosters
187:33:23–24
148:Practice
123:kapparot
111:Kapparah
85:halachic
70:Orthodox
31:Kapparot
3591:Related
3349:Whaling
2247:Save Me
2232:RNZSPCA
2212:OneKind
1957:Pain in
1651:Malaria
1624:Fowlpox
1511:As pets
1503:Culture
1438:Yarding
1382:Broiler
1377:Poussin
1350:As food
1334:Chicken
1249:Related
1060:at the
806:Machzor
758:Machzor
449:Hasidim
385:in the
286:Sources
242:poultry
231:rooster
217:before
159:Shochet
81:chicken
58:) is a
55:Kapores
3372:Jhatka
1750:Issues
1362:Breeds
1355:Dishes
1229:Ne'ila
1212:Avodah
1184:Kittel
1126:Shofar
1064:online
1037:
835:
637:Minhag
535:Israel
455:. The
441:mystic
434:Isaiah
381:rabbi
239:kosher
209:sells
177:Psalms
167:, 1997
137:כ־פ־ר
66:ritual
36:Hebrew
3377:Kutha
2252:SSPCA
2237:RSPCA
2167:ISPCA
2122:FRAME
2102:DSPCA
2012:ASPCA
1599:Colds
1367:Capon
1223:Jonah
886:605:1
869:605:1
810:, p.4
762:, p.4
743:605:1
738:Rama
585:
139:k-p-r
40:כפרות
3572:(UK)
3566:(US)
3560:(EU)
3554:(EU)
3548:(UK)
3542:(UK)
3536:(US)
3530:(UK)
3524:(NZ)
3518:(UK)
2267:UFAW
2157:IFAW
2137:HSUS
2097:DSPA
2082:CAWF
1035:ISBN
883:O.C.
833:ISBN
587:U.S.
447:and
437:1:18
428:and
213:for
182:and
157:The
117:כפרה
91:PETA
73:Jews
590:707
583:450
575:in
451:of
340:'s
321:גבר
302:in
298:of
205:in
184:Job
163:by
42:,
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711::
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982:.
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358:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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