34:
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79:
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609:. The southern bank of Dnipro and dam machinery remained under Russian control. Russian forces opened additional sluice gates, allowing water to rush out of the reservoir. At that time the Zaporizhzhia Regional Military Administration in a statement suggested that one of the purposes of draining the reservoir might have been to flood the area south of the dam, in order to keep Ukrainian Forces from crossing the Dnipro River. Officials stated that
723:
737:
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86:
58:
627:
From mid-February to late May 2023, either deliberately or as a result of neglect, the damaged dam was not adjusted to match the seasonal increase in water flow. As a result, water washed over the top of the dam and land upstream of the dam was flooded. Water levels in the reservoir reached a 30-year
710:
used satellite imagery to look at the canals fed from the
Kakhovka Dam. Four canals have been identified as drying up. This could affect the drinking water of some 700,000 people. It could affect the growing of crops such as corn, soy beans, sunflower, and wheat as well as vegetables and fruits such
688:
has written that "the most likely cause of the collapse was an explosive charge placed in the maintenance passageway, or gallery, that runs through the concrete heart of the structure" and that "the evidence clearly suggests the dam was crippled by an explosion set off by the side that controls it:
673:
Russia has controlled the dam since the start of the invasion, but the two sides disagree on the cause of the destruction. Russian-imposed officials in occupied
Ukraine claim sabotage by Ukrainian forces. Ukrainian officials attribute the disaster to the 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade of Russia. No
670:, the breach in the Kakhova Dam would have catastrophic consequences. The destruction of the dam led to tens of thousands of people being in a flood zone and more than 50 deaths. Over 40 different towns and villages in Ukraine are severely flooded and massive numbers of livestock have perished.
658:
On 6 June 2023, an explosion caused significant damage to the central section of the 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) wide dam, resulting in uncontrolled water flow downstream. There was an occurrence of an "internal explosion of the structures" within the dam, according to
Ukrainian president
1912:
1625:
Since mid-February, the water level in the reservoir has steadily increased, according to data from Theia, a French geospatial analytical organization. An
Associated Press analysis of satellite imagery showed the water has now risen so high that it's washing over the top of the damaged
451:
The
Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant had a staff of 241 in October 2015. The director is Yaroslav Kobelya from September 2012. As of 2019, the dam was profitable bringing ₴6.1 million ($ 236,000) to local government budgets and ₴44.6 million ($ 1.73 million) to the national income.
1678:
969:
604:
On 11 November, a large explosion occurred in the northern section of the dam, shown on CCTV footage. The road and rail sections on top of the dam were destroyed, but the dam itself remained mostly undamaged. The explosion was attributed to
Russian forces
1904:
1670:
961:
2098:
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for shipping. The whole dam, including lengthy embankments on each side of the central section, was 3.2 km (2.0 mi) long on the side facing the reservoir. The power station had an installed capacity of 357 MW.
1184:
3664:
1769:
566:
900:
696:
but reserved judgement on the attack. While Russia denies culpability, experts state that a deliberate explosion from inside the
Russian-controlled dam is the most probable cause of its destruction.
448:
The deep water channel created by the downstream flow allowed shipping up and down river. The facility also included a winter garden. The R47 road and a railway crossed the
Dnieper River on the dam.
1448:
1581:
1276:
598:
by
Ukraine in August and September, Ukrainian and Russian officials reported that the facility's ability to transport vehicles had been degraded, but the dam itself retained structural integrity.
1518:
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3019:
1882:
1972:
1215:
2090:
1612:
3644:
1829:
938:
841:
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471:
Construction of the dam began in
September 1950. The last generator was commissioned in October 1956. Significant repairs and expansion were made from 2019. It is operated by
1487:
1942:
1046:
2067:
33:
601:
In mid-October 2022, news reports suggested that Russians may have been planning to blow up the dam to slow down the expected Ukrainian counter-offensive in the region.
1739:
799:
2036:
1761:
1071:
1730:
Hallam, Jonny; Pennington, Josh; Regan, Helen; Voitovych, Olga; Nasser, Irene; Shukla, Sebastian; Kottasová, Ivana; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Shelley, Jo (6 June 2023).
1418:
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dropped to its lowest level in three decades, putting irrigation and drinking water resources at risk, as well as the coolant systems for the
1874:
1964:
1207:
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2484:
1604:
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650:
1821:
3624:
1852:"With Kherson Dam's Destruction, Plight of Ukraine's People Will Only Get Worse, Emergency Relief Coordinator Warns Security Council"
833:
3634:
2719:
2574:
1471:
613:, Ukraine's hydro electric company, believed Russian forces "opened the station's locks fearing an advance of Ukrainian soldiers".
595:
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78:
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3480:
3068:
2308:
2059:
2058:
Glanz, James; Santora, Marc; Robles, Pablo; Willis, Haley; Leatherby, Lauren; Koettl, Christoph; Khavin, Dmitriy (16 June 2023).
1358:
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2002:
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50:
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other national government has assigned blame for the dam's destruction, but it was reported by the BBC that both the
866:
3024:
2122:"Official: It will take at least 5 years, $ 1 billion to build new power station after destruction of Kakhovka dam"
621:
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398:
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3139:
3129:
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2712:
931:"Russia-Ukraine war live: dam near Kherson destroyed by Russian forces, says Ukraine, sparking evacuations"
1351:"Missile attack on Kyiv hydroelectric power plant to not cause catastrophic consequences – Ukrhydroenergo"
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2301:
1237:
764:
587:
456:
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3173:
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2878:
1019:"Dynamics of Environmentally Significant Elements of Hydrological Regime of the Lower Dnieper Section"
3041:
3014:
2592:
2534:
2091:"Satellite Imagery Reveals Russia Caused Flooding in Occupied Ukrainian Town Before Counteroffensive"
769:
442:
415:
218:
3305:
2846:
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1177:"Nova Kakhovka dam: everything you need to know about Ukraine's strategically important reservoir"
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3134:
3104:
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2705:
756:
506:
3550:
3386:
3336:
2294:
1762:"Russia-Ukraine war live: After dam breach, which side has more to gain, lose? Who's to blame?"
624:. Between 1 December 2022 and 6 February 2023, the water level dropped 2 meters (6.6 ft).
463:
June 2023, a significant portion of the dam was destroyed while it was under Russian control.
3669:
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2928:
606:
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3348:
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3239:
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3002:
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703:, said that it would take "at least five years, $ 1 billion" to rebuild the Kakhovka Dam.
513:
8:
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2935:
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660:
557:
499:
1905:"Zelenskiy says dam attack an 'environmental bomb of mass destruction' – as it happened"
1732:"Collapse of critical Ukrainian dam sparks region-wide evacuations. Here's what we know"
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3318:
3234:
3209:
3187:
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2908:
2737:
2504:
2256:
2215:
2188:"On-site observations of the concrete structures of the Kakhovka hydroelectric station"
1643:
617:
541:
535:
402:
340:
274:
1472:"'Atomic bomb' of water would be released by Russian false flag attack on Kherson dam"
1350:
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3219:
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2248:
2219:
2207:
2152:
1479:
1441:"ISW: Russia may be planning false-flag attack on Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant"
1038:
901:"Nova Kakhovka dam in Kherson region blown up by Russian forces – Ukraine's military"
829:
1540:
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490:
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EU and Ukrainian leaders condemned the dam's destruction and called it a potential
430:
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3403:
3109:
2861:
2514:
2391:
2029:"Rishi Sunak blasts Russia's 'new low' as MI6 investigates Ukraine dam explosion"
1994:
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359:
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3119:
2871:
2841:
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2524:
2435:
1965:"Official: Kakhovka dam was blown up by Russia's 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade"
1851:
1605:"Damage to Russian-occupied dam submerges Ukrainian reservoir island community"
1574:"Russia is draining a massive Ukrainian reservoir, endangering a nuclear plant"
995:
802:[Kakhovskaya HPP – sustainable development and support of the region].
728:
700:
679:
667:
610:
472:
390:
353:
315:
1321:"Ukrainian forces keep shelling Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant — official"
1034:
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2252:
2211:
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675:
502:
498:
The central section of the dam consists of (from north-west to south-east) a
330:
243:
148:
135:
117:
1701:"Evacuations begin after a major dam in southern Ukraine is heavily damaged"
642:
2397:
2355:
742:
438:
2121:
1792:"Ukraine dam: Hundreds of thousands without drinking water, says Zelensky"
616:
In early November 2022, the spillways at the dam had been opened, and the
576:
A panorama of the central section of the dam, with the reservoir beyond it
548:
in the United States. The reservoir supplies water for cooling the 5.7 GW
3665:
Buildings and structures destroyed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2767:
2410:
1017:
Timchenko, V. M.; Korzhov, Ye I.; Guliayeva, O. A.; Batog, S. V. (2015).
867:"Internal Blast Probably Breached Ukraine Dam, Experts Say (Cautiously)"
3533:
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3458:
2923:
2772:
2757:
2638:
2244:
2203:
1995:"Ukraine accuses Russia of blowing up a major dam; Kremlin blames Kyiv"
434:
1208:"Maps show how Kakhovka dam collapse threatens Ukraine's bread basket"
2893:
2752:
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2228:
2187:
693:
2229:"Seminars on Advanced Experience with Hydroelectric Plant Operation"
750:
2697:
2653:
2628:
2404:
2360:
2336:
2331:
1124:"Russia's explosion of a huge Ukrainian dam had surprising effects"
628:
high. The raised water level caused some nearby villages to flood.
346:
1639:"Damage to Russian-occupied dam floods Ukrainian island community"
3453:
3448:
3433:
3428:
2728:
2648:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2317:
1320:
1269:"Russian forces capture Kakhovka hydropower plant in the Ukraine"
736:
394:
386:
121:
2286:
2153:"Ukraine dam: Satellite images reveal Kakhovka canals drying up"
1822:"Russia rejects U.N. help as death toll from breached dam rises"
834:"What would a Ukrainian counter-offensive in Kherson look like?"
3443:
2777:
2633:
2429:
2275:
1602:
553:
401:, which provided water for the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station (
230:
1729:
1016:
2762:
2442:
2151:
Rivault, Erwan; Poynting, Mark; England, Rob (22 June 2023).
1875:"Ukrainian dam breach: What is happening and what's at stake"
1854:(Press release). United Nations Security Council. 6 June 2023
1381:"Ukraine war: Zelensky accuses Russia of plot to blow up dam"
646:
Satellite imagery of the dam before and after its destruction
1411:"Factbox: Is the Kakhovka dam in Ukraine about to be blown?"
552:, and for irrigating areas of southern Ukraine and northern
2643:
2423:
2385:
2060:"Why the Evidence Suggests Russia Blew Up the Kakhovka Dam"
663:. Evacuations and rescue operations commenced as a result.
1238:"Soldiers Raise the Russian Flag Over Ukraine Power Plant"
682:
are leaning towards an assessment of Russian culpability.
1671:"Ukraine and Russia Agree to Extend Black Sea Grain Deal"
707:
2057:
1511:"UK government issues update on Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine"
560:, the Kakhovsky canal and the Dnieper–Kryvyi Rih Canal.
1663:
1098:"Kahovska (Kakhovka) Hydroelectric Power Plant Ukraine"
962:"Two new pieces of evidence about how dam was breached"
822:
800:"Каховська ГЕС – стійкий розвиток та підтримка регіону"
654:
Flooding in Kherson the day after the dam's destruction
420:
3645:
Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union
2150:
372:
1935:"Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 6, 2023"
544:
held 18 cubic kilometres of water, equivalent to the
718:
1603:Vasilisa Stepanenko; Lori Hinnant (25 May 2023).
1470:Kilner, James; Bowman, Verity (20 October 2022).
1291:"Ukraine strikes crucial bridge in Nova Kakhovka"
894:
892:
494:Cross-section of the central part of Kakhovka Dam
3606:
1541:"The moment an explosion rocks dam near Kherson"
899:Ogirenko, Valentyn; Kelly, Lidia (6 June 2023).
1116:
889:
581:
2713:
2302:
2185:
1596:
1150:"Ukraine's Kakhovka Hydrolectric Power Plant"
898:
1469:
1142:
2022:
2020:
1568:
1566:
828:
482:(Great Meadow) forest and marsh ecosystem.
235:Earth-fill embankment with gravity sections
3615:Buildings and structures in Kherson Oblast
2720:
2706:
2309:
2295:
1174:
924:
922:
586:On 24 February 2022, the first day of the
32:
1199:
631:
2017:
1563:
928:
649:
641:
520:
512:
489:
478:The construction of the dam flooded the
429:). The primary purposes of the dam were
3650:1956 establishments in the Soviet Union
3640:Energy infrastructure completed in 1956
3630:Hydroelectric power stations in Ukraine
2226:
2119:
2088:
992:"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Ukraine"
919:
861:
859:
441:. It was the sixth and last dam in the
16:Dam and power plant in Kherson, Ukraine
3607:
2026:
1872:
1509:Ingram, Elizabeth (17 November 2022).
1508:
1502:
1361:from the original on 21 September 2022
1331:from the original on 21 September 2022
1301:from the original on 21 September 2022
1267:Ingram, Elizabeth (25 February 2022).
1266:
2701:
2290:
2186:Éidel'man, S. Ya. (1 December 1982).
1584:from the original on 15 February 2023
1551:from the original on 14 November 2022
1279:from the original on 7 November 2022.
1248:from the original on 24 February 2022
1104:from the original on 24 February 2022
1066:
1064:
959:
2727:
1490:from the original on 25 October 2022
1451:from the original on 25 October 2022
1421:from the original on 23 October 2022
1391:from the original on 26 October 2022
1205:
1175:Yerushalmy, Jonathan (6 June 2023).
856:
794:
792:
790:
85:
57:
2227:Kosilin, Yu. M. (1 February 1975).
1832:from the original on 14 August 2023
525:Cross section of Dam Wall and gates
302:2,155 km (832 sq mi)
65:Location of Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine
13:
2852:Revolution and War of Independence
2281:Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant
2179:
1521:from the original on 27 March 2023
1152:. Radio Free Europe. 6 June 2023.
1061:
38:The dam's spillways in use in 2013
14:
3681:
3660:2023 disestablishments in Ukraine
2316:
2268:
2163:from the original on 22 June 2023
2132:from the original on 12 July 2023
2089:Sheldon, Michael (29 June 2023).
1218:from the original on 10 June 2023
1074:(in Russian). UGE. Archived from
1049:from the original on 8 March 2022
844:from the original on 30 July 2022
787:
596:During weeks of artillery attacks
505:, the hydro power station, and a
294: m (14,738,766 acre⋅ft)
3625:Former power stations in Ukraine
3169:Ukraine–European Union relations
3025:Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine
2867:West Ukrainian People's Republic
2483:
2274:
2101:from the original on 8 July 2023
2070:from the original on 5 July 2023
2039:from the original on 6 June 2023
2005:from the original on 6 June 2023
1975:from the original on 7 June 2023
1945:from the original on 7 June 2023
1915:from the original on 7 June 2023
1885:from the original on 7 June 2023
1802:from the original on 7 June 2023
1772:from the original on 5 July 2023
1742:from the original on 6 June 2023
1711:from the original on 7 June 2023
1681:from the original on 20 May 2023
1651:from the original on 1 June 2023
1626:Russian-occupied dam downstream.
1615:from the original on 25 May 2023
1187:from the original on 6 June 2023
1156:from the original on 6 June 2023
972:from the original on 9 June 2023
877:from the original on 8 June 2023
749:
735:
721:
699:On 7 June, Ihor Syrota, head of
622:Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
565:
550:Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
84:
77:
56:
49:
3635:Run-of-the-river power stations
2144:
2113:
2082:
2051:
1987:
1957:
1927:
1897:
1866:
1844:
1814:
1784:
1754:
1723:
1693:
1631:
1533:
1463:
1433:
1403:
1373:
1343:
1313:
1283:
1260:
1230:
1168:
1090:
929:Sullivan, Helen (6 June 2023).
638:Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam
485:
335:3 × 58.5, 3 × 60.5 MW propeller
3655:1956 establishments in Ukraine
2951:Annexation of Crimea by Russia
2808:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2027:Webber, Esther (7 June 2023).
1939:Institute for the Study of War
1010:
984:
953:
806:(in Ukrainian). Archived from
1:
2120:Bivings, Lili (7 June 2023).
1873:Keaten, Jamey (6 June 2023).
1100:. Global Energy Observatory.
994:. IndustCards. Archived from
780:
475:, which was founded in 1994.
261:3,273 m (10,738 ft)
168:Power, irrigation, navigation
93:Kakhovka Dam (Kherson Oblast)
21:Dam in Nova Kakhovka, Ukraine
3481:Intangible Cultural Heritage
2899:Eastern Front (World War II)
2884:Ukrainian National Committee
1206:Kirk, Ashley (8 June 2023).
529:
7:
2857:Ukrainian People's Republic
2233:Hydrotechnical Construction
2192:Hydrotechnical Construction
960:Adams, Paul (9 June 2023).
765:Hydroelectricity in Ukraine
714:
588:Russian invasion of Ukraine
582:Russian invasion of Ukraine
457:Russian invasion of Ukraine
421:
194:; 68 years ago
10:
3686:
2879:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
635:
533:
466:
389:(also known as Dnipro) in
96:Show map of Kherson Oblast
3573:
3514:
3372:
3261:
3252:
3195:
3186:
3095:
3086:
3010:
3001:
2971:
2745:
2736:
2678:
2662:
2621:
2583:
2533:
2492:
2481:
2324:
1035:10.1615/HydrobJ.v51.i6.90
903:. Reuters. Archived from
770:FC Enerhiya Nova Kakhovka
443:Dnieper reservoir cascade
406:
366:
358:1.4 TWh (equivalent to a
352:
339:
329:
321:
311:
306:
298:
280:
270:
265:
257:
249:
239:
229:
224:
219:Energy Company of Ukraine
214:
206:
188:
180:
172:
164:
127:
113:
105:
43:
31:
26:
3311:hybrid variant (2020-22)
3100:Administrative divisions
2803:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
937:. London. Archived from
517:The lock through the dam
397:, completed in 1956 and
2946:2014 pro-Russian unrest
1023:Hydrobiological Journal
757:Renewable energy portal
607:retreating from Kherson
422:Kakhovs'ka HES imeni P.
407:Кахо́вська ГЕС імені П.
341:Installed capacity
181:Construction began
3551:Immigration to Ukraine
3225:Science and technology
3174:Ukraine–NATO relations
655:
647:
632:Destruction of the dam
526:
518:
495:
354:Annual generation
253:30 m (98 ft)
2961:2022 Russian invasion
2929:Revolution of Dignity
1357:. 19 September 2022.
653:
645:
524:
516:
493:
459:, on the morning of 6
231:Type of dam
149:46.77611°N 33.37167°E
3332:Freedom of the press
3069:World Heritage Sites
3064:Islands and sandbars
2837:Pereiaslav Agreement
2820:Zaporozhian Cossacks
2788:Principality of Kiev
2379:Konka (Zaporizhzhia)
2283:at Wikimedia Commons
2126:The Kyiv Independent
1611:. Associated Press.
1580:. 10 February 2023.
1244:. 24 February 2022.
838:The Kyiv Independent
775:Dnipriany River Port
322:Commission date
207:Demolition date
3620:Dams on the Dnieper
2936:Russo-Ukrainian War
2603:Dnipro – Kryvyi Rih
1417:. 21 October 2022.
1387:. 21 October 2022.
810:on 28 February 2022
661:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
594:by Russian forces.
558:North Crimean Canal
500:reinforced concrete
373:https://uhe.gov.ua/
281:Total capacity
145: /
68:Show map of Ukraine
3296:Swine flu pandemic
3230:Telecommunications
3020:Biosphere reserves
2909:Chernobyl disaster
2245:10.1007/BF02378458
2204:10.1007/BF01425151
2064:The New York Times
1675:The New York Times
830:Ponomarenko, Illia
686:The New York Times
656:
648:
618:Kakhovka Reservoir
590:, the power plant
542:Kakhovka Reservoir
536:Kakhovka Reservoir
527:
519:
496:
433:power generation,
275:Kakhovka Reservoir
154:46.77611; 33.37167
3602:
3601:
3569:
3568:
3344:Human trafficking
3302:COVID-19 pandemic
3276:Gender inequality
3248:
3247:
3182:
3181:
3140:Political parties
3130:Foreign relations
3082:
3081:
2997:
2996:
2919:Orange Revolution
2904:Volhynia massacre
2695:
2694:
2598:Dnipro – Inhulets
2279:Media related to
1242:GreekReporter.com
666:According to the
419:
399:destroyed in 2023
385:was a dam on the
379:
378:
299:Surface area
225:Dam and spillways
189:Opening date
3677:
3582:
3524:Ukrainian people
3259:
3258:
3205:
3193:
3192:
3093:
3092:
3037:Populated places
3008:
3007:
2813:Kiev Voivodeship
2798:Galicia–Volhynia
2743:
2742:
2722:
2715:
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2687:left tributaries
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2015:
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1969:Kyiv Independent
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1828:. 19 June 2023.
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832:(19 July 2022).
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3425:Cultural icons
3368:
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3215:Stock exchanges
3203:
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3162:Law enforcement
3078:
3032:Nature reserves
2993:
2967:
2862:Ukrainian State
2793:Mongol invasion
2732:
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2593:Dnipro – Donbas
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2372:Konka (Kherson)
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2198:(12): 657–663.
2182:
2180:Further reading
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2018:
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2001:. 6 June 2023.
1993:
1992:
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1978:
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1971:. 7 June 2023.
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1941:. 6 June 2023.
1933:
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1918:
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1911:. 6 June 2023.
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1798:. 7 June 2023.
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1768:. 7 June 2023.
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1707:. 6 June 2023.
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1677:. 17 May 2023.
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1647:. 25 May 2023.
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1078:on 7 March 2014
1072:"Kakhovska HPS"
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873:. 6 June 2023.
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546:Great Salt Lake
538:
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488:
469:
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411:С. Непорожнього
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362:of roughly 45%)
360:capacity factor
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3015:National parks
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2872:Makhnovshchina
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2842:Russian Empire
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2269:External links
2267:
2266:
2265:
2239:(2): 170–173.
2224:
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2081:
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2016:
1986:
1956:
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998:on 22 May 2016
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941:on 6 June 2023
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907:on 6 June 2023
888:
871:New York Times
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729:Ukraine portal
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701:Ukrhydroenergo
680:United Kingdom
668:United Nations
636:Main article:
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611:Ukrhydroenergo
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534:Main article:
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473:Ukrhydroenergo
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391:Kherson Oblast
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2956:War in Donbas
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2889:Ukrainian SSR
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2033:Politico EU
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711:as melons.
503:barrage dam
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128:Coordinates
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3459:Vyshyvanka
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3271:Corruption
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2758:Sarmatians
2746:Chronology
2670:in Ukraine
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2570:Kremenchuk
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2095:Bellingcat
1644:Al Jazeera
1609:apnews.com
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804:uhe.gov.ua
781:References
439:navigation
435:irrigation
140:33°22′18″E
137:46°46′34″N
3382:Animation
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3298:(2009-10)
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2253:1570-1468
2220:111117866
2212:1570-1468
1766:USA Today
1484:0307-1235
1043:0018-8166
694:war crime
689:Russia."
530:Reservoir
416:romanized
403:Ukrainian
325:1955–1956
266:Reservoir
176:Destroyed
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2608:Kakhovka
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2560:Kyiv HPP
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331:Turbines
240:Impounds
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114:Location
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2649:Mogilev
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2500:Dnieper
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2449:Teteriv
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2167:22 June
1879:AP News
1836:30 July
1826:Reuters
1415:Reuters
848:30 July
467:History
418::
395:Ukraine
368:Website
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197: (
165:Purpose
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