76:
1256:(present South Sumatra) according to archaeological findings. Not only this seriously weakened Srivijaya; it obliterated its scholarly scene, made of famous Buddhist teachers who had attracted students even from India. Their works have been preserved in Tibetan translations. Somewhat later, Islam as a new cultural force engendered a written literature in Malay. This historical hiatus is what makes Old Javanese literature quite special for its rarity. No other Indianized countries of Southeast Asia have produced comparable literatures
33:
1035:
1046:
1185:
Along this quest, Arjuna receives weapons - but conflicting sidelines occur with the basic story: some mention only one weapon, others mention several weapons. One of these sidelines tells of the appearance of a boar, that Arjuna shoots; then a hunter comes in who claims to have hit the boar first
1177:
descends to earth disguised as an old
Brahmana and discusses religious matters with Arjuna; Arjuna correctly answers Indra's questions, the latter then reveals his true identity and returns to svargaloka. Thus Arjuna passes this second test. He is then given the task of defeating Niwatakawaca. He
1591:
clubs of modern Bali... are characterized by “extemporaneous glossing” using hermeneutical strategies that do not (primarily) involve analytical means, drawn from a systematic knowledge of morphology and grammar, or try to establish historical derivations and etymologies; they are mainly based on
1329:
The first known translation is in Dutch by R. Ng. Poerbatjaraka in 1926; it is deemed to have a few gaps. In 1990, Wiryamartana publishes an
Indonesian translation and a lengthy discussion on the transformations of the original text along the centuries. Henry publishes a partial translation in
1172:
to seduce him and lure him away from his quest. This failing to deter him from his meditation and ascetism, Arjuna is tested anew, this time to determine whether he seeks the welfare of others or only his own deliverance from the world. To this purpose, the god
1388:
movement, that produced books intended for study and containing moralistic texts or guides for worship; and he Old
Javanese classics provide a base for the Hindu society of Bali, legitimized by its high antiquity and having the authority of Scripture.
1235:
The morality in it is about not using the opportunity to obtain the highest benefit for oneself, such as liberation from the world (i.e. the cycle of reincarnations), but choosing to remain in the world in order to seek the welfare of others.
1259:
During the 10th century, the centre of the
Javanese kingdom moved from Central Java to the lower valley of the Brantas River in East Java. There it came under severe attack, possibly from Srivijaya; At the time of the
1232:); and a second time, on the 14th day of the Kurukshetra war, Arjuna meets Krishna in a dream and both go to Shiva who leads them to a pond where there are two snakes that turn into a bow and arrow.
1337:
is preserved in many manuscripts in Bali. But in the 1970's, Indonesion languages specialist
Christiaan Hooykaas (1902-1979) was of the opinion that nobody in Bali knew anything about the
1535:
1592:
contemporary/popular lexical know-how, “folk etymology”, and associative thinking effected through homology, metaphor, and assonance. These techniques are akin to the
Sanskrit
1382:. These were deemed to convey edifying teachings; but this may be due to that the effort to preserve and define the Balinese spiritual heritage was led by the very active
1074:
1892:
1344:
any more. In 1972, Robson published an article mentioning that in Bali, Old
Javanese texts were still known, read and studied. Among its students was a
1311:
1067:
2052:
1186:
and therefore it belongs to him. A dispute breaks out until Arjuna realizes that the hunter is Shiva. Shiva then presents
Pashupata to Arjuna.
1977:
1060:
2009:
1150:. Arjuna aims at regaining his family's fortunes by obtaining a weapon from the gods, and to that effect he practises meditation and
1268:
has reasserted his position as king in East Java. Srivijaya and Java may have been competitors in the period leading up to this.
1557:
1196:) twice from Shiva: the first time on the Indrakila mountain, where Arjuna also receives weapons from other gods — a club (
17:
1789:
Zoetmulder, P.J. 1974 Kalangwan; A survey of Old
Javanese literature The Hague Nijhoff. Zoetmulder 1974:17). Cited in
1182:
in turn. At the end of the text, its author Mpu Kanwa adds that he is about to accompany his king
Airlangga into battle.
75:
2022:
1397:
These texts' Scriptural authority reaches the religious rituals. As such, the “hymn to Siwa”, a passage from the
1384:
1348:
group in the Pura Dalem in Pliatan, led by Ketut Lagas, who at that time worked on reading and interpreting the
1280:
is among the texts that survived in Java and was transformed by writers some centuries later. It was written in
2074:
1604:"Translation as Commentary in the Sanskrit-Old Javanese Didactic and Religious Literature from Java and Bali"
1021:
1001:
1178:
eventually achieves this too, and receives a reward: seven days in heaven and marriage to each of the seven
1770:
Jones, R. (1986). "The origins of the Malay manuscript tradition". In Grijns, C.D.; Robson, S.O. (eds.).
872:
1016:
1354:
Balinese collections contain hundreds of texts but only a few were regularly mentioned as important:
1433:
117:
1841:
Arjunawiwaha; Transformasi teks Jawa Kuna lewat tanggapan dan penciptaan di lingkungan sastra Jawa
1446:
1366:
907:
877:
110:
1102:
period of the Javanese classical Hindu-Buddhist era in the 11th-century. It was composed by Mpu
1146:. It is set at the time when the brothers had lost everything to their rivals and cousins, the
1011:
61:
1585:
is “a socially situated process of translation that has its own rules and its own aesthetic”.
867:
67:
1409:” (“Hail! May the homage of the protectorless be seen by the refuge of the three worlds.”).
2079:
576:
298:
39:
8:
1603:
1488:
1421:
934:
857:
135:
1166:) and can only be defeated by a man. The gods decide to test Arjuna and send him seven
2046:
1996:
1673:
1453:
1417:
1372:
1006:
912:
804:
673:
203:
95:
2041:(phD thesis in Philosophy, supervisor: Yong Li Lan). National University of Singapore.
2018:
1540:
949:
1596:, which unpack meanings from words rather than reduce them to their bare essentials.
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1986:
1933:
1467:
1460:
1378:
1050:
1039:
887:
882:
401:
228:
1474:
1316:
1281:
966:
944:
919:
606:
591:
516:
308:
283:
100:
1531:
1341:
1288:
862:
170:
105:
1991:
1972:
1937:
2063:
902:
715:
631:
556:
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328:
165:
743:
738:
733:
1307:
1245:
824:
526:
521:
386:
218:
1495:
1142:
939:
897:
809:
771:
668:
646:
581:
561:
541:
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238:
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1429:
1155:
1151:
1115:
626:
601:
486:
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421:
406:
323:
313:
243:
140:
32:
2033:
145:
1528:
1481:
1321:, Sr. (1799–1859), and published by W. Palmer van den Broek in 1868.
1285:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1162:) Niwatakawaca is disturbing the peace and order of the gods' abode (
1111:
1107:
1099:
924:
892:
819:
814:
799:
611:
586:
571:
496:
441:
436:
411:
303:
293:
263:
233:
1425:
1356:
703:
663:
566:
531:
431:
426:
366:
288:
248:
198:
155:
1774:. Dordrecht: Foris (KITLV, Verhandelingen 115). pp. 121–143.
1147:
1137:
1128:
1094:
983:
971:
929:
781:
693:
683:
621:
536:
471:
356:
268:
253:
188:
45:
698:
1168:
1163:
1154:- according to Robson (2001) on Mount Indrakila as a symbol of
1133:
776:
710:
688:
651:
641:
551:
546:
491:
391:
371:
333:
258:
223:
160:
150:
1405:
books, is part of a temple ritual. It starts with the words: “
1432:
near Malang; and in Bali on Rambut Siwi in Mendoyo district,
1174:
1159:
1103:
829:
766:
761:
678:
636:
616:
596:
501:
461:
456:
451:
318:
278:
273:
2017:. Bibliotheca Indonesica, 34. Leiden / Boston: KITLV Press.
1136:, an excellent archer and the third of the five legendary
1118:. Arjunawiwaha is estimated to have been finished in 1030.
961:
476:
361:
193:
90:
36:
1843:(in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.
1746:
Schoterman, J. A. (1986). "Indonesische sporen in Tibet".
1924:
Hunter, Thomas M. (June 2022). "A forgotten philology".
1951:
1949:
1947:
1330:
1981. Robson publishes a complete translation in 2008.
1264:
writing (assuming that that is between 1028 and 1035),
1729:
1727:
1725:
1712:
1710:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1944:
1890:
1637:
1722:
1707:
1690:
1649:
1188:Another version is that Arjuna received the weapon
2035:Wayang Kontemporer: Innovations in Javanese Wayang
1872:
1863:. Gaya, Bihar: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies.
2011:Arjunawiwāha. The marriage of Arjuna of Mpu Kanwa
2061:
1407:Om sěmbahning anātha tinghalana de trilokaśaraņa
1818:
1068:
1978:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1900:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1838:
1772:Cultural contact and textual interpretation
1558:"Language: Betawi Malay (Tengahan dialect)"
1555:
1324:
2051:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1745:
1601:
1075:
1061:
27:11th century Balinese palm-leaf manuscript
1990:
1602:Acri, Andrea; Hunter, Thomas M. (2020).
1564:. Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
1554:Tengahan is a Betawi Malay dialect. See
1392:
1220:) and a weapon that gives invisibility (
31:
1891:Swellengrebel, J.; Hinzler, H. (1980).
1502:
1239:
56:This article is a part of the series on
14:
2062:
2031:
2007:
1970:
1955:
1923:
1878:
1866:
1846:
1826:
1806:
1790:
1777:
1757:
1733:
1716:
1701:
1660:
1643:
1252:confederation of kingdoms, centred at
1858:
1769:
1420:(temples), such as Candi Kedaton in
346:Mythological and folkloric creatures
1401:(10-11) that is also quoted in the
24:
1926:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
1271:
25:
2091:
1973:"On Translating the Arjunawiwāha"
1839:Wiryamartana, I. Kuntara (1990).
1821:Arjuna-Wiwaha; Tekst en vertaling
1613:(11): 213-240 (see p. 214 note 3)
1748:Oosters Genootschap in Nederland
1158:. At the same time, the demon (
1044:
1033:
74:
2032:Varela, Miguel Escobar (2014).
1964:
1917:
1884:
1852:
1832:
1812:
1796:
1678:indian-mythology-dictionary.com
1575:
1548:
1514:
1819:Poerbatjaraka, R. Ng. (1926).
1783:
1763:
1739:
1666:
13:
1:
1631:
1536:Johann Friedrich Carl Gericke
1416:were carved on East Javanese
1022:List of sacred places in Java
794:Mythical and sacred locations
1121:
1114:Kingdom, circa 1019 to 1042
7:
1439:
873:Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
10:
2096:
1412:Bas-reliefs depicting the
1140:brothers mentioned in the
1017:List of Indonesian deities
130:Traditional folk religions
1992:10.1163/22134379-90003817
1938:10.1017/S0022463422000297
1893:"In memoriam C. Hooykaas"
1534:(1778), was published by
1106:during the reign of King
1007:Indonesian folk religions
1823:. s-Gravenhage: Nijhoff.
1507:
1325:Translations and studies
1132:epic tells the story of
2008:Robson, Stuart (2008).
1971:Robson, Stuart (2001).
1310:but in fact written by
1302:It also took the title
878:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai
111:Ghosts in Malay culture
1624:
1403:Parisadha Hindu Dharma
1385:Parisadha Hindu Dharma
1012:Javanese sacred places
756:Rituals and traditions
50:
2075:Hinduism in Indonesia
1805:, 1990:325. Cited in
1586:
1447:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
1393:Its place in religion
908:Kakawin Bhāratayuddha
868:Hikayat Bayan Budiman
35:
1503:Notes and references
1240:Its place in history
1051:Mythology portal
1040:Indonesia portal
577:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
299:Sanghyang Adi Buddha
85:Cultural mythologies
40:palm-leaf manuscript
18:Kakawin Arjunawiwaha
1422:Probolinggo Regency
1244:In 1025 the Indian
858:Hikayat Amir Hamzah
1859:Henry, P. (1981).
1521:Serat Wiwaha Jarwa
1454:Kakawin Hariwangsa
1304:Serat Wiwaha Jarwa
1293:Serat Wiwaha Jarwa
913:Kakawin Hariwangsa
96:Balinese mythology
51:
1098:to appear in the
1085:
1084:
950:Wawacan Sulanjana
728:Wayang characters
16:(Redirected from
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2056:
2050:
2042:
2040:
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2016:
2004:
1994:
1959:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1932:(1–2): 341–343.
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1861:The Arjunawiwaha
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1754:. Leiden: Brill.
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1556:Kevin Yusuf Tj.
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1546:
1544:
1518:
1468:Kakawin Sutasoma
1461:Kakawin Ramayana
1434:Jembrana Regency
1320:
1306:, attributed to
1291:under the title
1077:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1036:
888:Kakawin Sutasoma
883:Kakawin Ramayana
402:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
229:Chen Fu Zhen Ren
118:Molucca Folklore
78:
53:
52:
21:
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2014:
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1611:Medieval worlds
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1562:lpan.eva.mpg.de
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1549:
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1505:
1475:Nagarakretagama
1442:
1395:
1353:
1327:
1314:
1274:
1272:Transformations
1242:
1187:
1124:
1081:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
997:
989:
988:
945:Tuhfat al-Nafis
843:
835:
834:
795:
787:
786:
757:
749:
748:
729:
721:
720:
607:Silewe Nazarata
592:Satrio Piningit
517:Nyai Roro Kidul
347:
339:
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309:Satrio Piningit
284:Nyai Roro Kidul
184:
176:
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101:Batak mythology
86:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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1906:(2/3): 191–214
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1689:
1665:
1648:
1646:, p. 382.
1635:
1633:
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1598:
1589:sekaha mabasan
1574:
1547:
1532:Pakubuwana III
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1489:Śiwarātrikalpa
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1450:
1441:
1438:
1426:Candi Surawana
1394:
1391:
1326:
1323:
1312:Carel Frederik
1299:, dated 1778.
1289:Pakubuwana III
1273:
1270:
1241:
1238:
1226:antardhanastra
1123:
1120:
1110:, king of the
1092:was the first
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106:Malay folklore
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2054:
2048:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2024:9789004253940
2020:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1958:, p. 38.
1957:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1869:, p. 35.
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:, p. 35.
1848:
1842:
1835:
1829:, p. 35.
1828:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1793:, p. 36.
1792:
1786:
1780:, p. 37.
1779:
1773:
1766:
1760:, p. 37.
1759:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1736:, p. 37.
1735:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1719:, p. 36.
1718:
1713:
1711:
1704:, p. 39.
1703:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1663:, p. 35.
1662:
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1443:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1428:near Kediri,
1427:
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1390:
1387:
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1367:Bharatayuddha
1363:
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1183:
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901:
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507:Malin Kundang
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166:Sunda Wiwitan
164:
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133:
127:
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54:
48:
47:
44:Arjunawiwāha
41:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2034:
2010:
1985:(1): 35–50.
1982:
1976:
1965:Bibliography
1929:
1925:
1919:
1908:. Retrieved
1903:
1899:
1886:
1874:
1860:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1820:
1814:
1809:, p. 39
1803:Wiryamartana
1802:
1798:
1785:
1771:
1765:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1668:
1639:
1615:. Retrieved
1610:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1550:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1414:Arjunawiwaha
1413:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1399:Arjunawiwaha
1398:
1396:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1362:Arjunawiwaha
1361:
1355:
1350:Arjunawiwaha
1349:
1345:
1338:
1335:Arjunawiwaha
1334:
1332:
1328:
1308:Yasadipura I
1303:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1278:Arjunawiwaha
1277:
1275:
1262:Arjunawiwaha
1261:
1258:
1246:Chola Empire
1243:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1167:
1141:
1127:
1125:
1093:
1089:Arjunawiwāha
1088:
1087:
1086:
853:Arjunawiwaha
852:
825:Tua Pek Kong
744:Wayang menak
739:Wayang panji
734:Wayang purwa
527:Orang Pendek
522:Orang bunian
387:Batara Sambu
219:Batara Sambu
43:
29:
2080:Hindu texts
1956:Robson 2001
1879:Robson 2008
1867:Robson 2001
1847:Robson 2001
1827:Robson 2001
1807:Robson 2001
1791:Robson 2001
1778:Robson 2001
1758:Robson 2001
1734:Robson 2001
1717:Robson 2001
1702:Robson 2001
1674:"Pashupata"
1661:Robson 2001
1644:Varela 2014
1539: [
1496:Smaradahana
1315: [
1208:), a loop (
1143:Mahabharata
940:Smaradahana
898:Mahabharata
772:Jailangkung
669:Babi ngepet
647:Wewe Gombel
582:Sangkuriang
562:Raden Panji
542:Penanggalan
512:Na Tuk Kong
467:Jailangkung
417:Dewi Lanjar
397:Calon Arang
382:Batara Kala
377:Batara Guru
239:Dewi Lanjar
214:Batara Kala
209:Batara Guru
171:Sapta Darma
2064:Categories
1910:2024-06-01
1683:2024-06-01
1632:References
1617:2024-06-01
1568:2024-06-01
1430:Candi Jago
1373:Bhomantaka
1230:antardhana
1164:svargaloka
1156:Mount Meru
1152:asceticism
1100:East Javan
627:Sunan Ambu
602:Setesuyara
487:Kuntilanak
482:Keong Emas
422:Dewi Ratih
407:Damarwulan
324:Sunan Ambu
314:Setesuyara
244:Dewi Ratih
141:Kaharingan
62:Indonesian
2047:cite book
1865:Cited in
1845:Cited in
1825:Cited in
1776:Cited in
1756:Cited in
1594:nirvacana
1529:Susuhunan
1525:Mintaraga
1482:Pararaton
1297:Mintaraga
1286:Susuhunan
1284:verse by
1266:Airlangga
1254:Palembang
1250:Srivijaya
1202:dandastra
1122:The story
1112:Kahuripan
1108:Airlangga
925:Pararaton
893:La Galigo
820:Ratu Boko
815:Prambanan
810:Mt. Tidar
800:Borobudur
612:Si Pitung
587:Saraswati
572:Ratu Adil
442:Hantu Air
437:Hainuwele
412:Dewi Danu
304:Saraswati
294:Ratu Adil
264:Hainuwele
234:Dewi Danu
64:mythology
2001:27865696
1599:—
1545:in 1844.
1440:See also
1379:Sutasoma
1357:Ramayana
1339:tengahan
1214:pasastra
996:See also
978:Funerals
664:Antaboga
532:O Tokata
497:Langsuir
432:Ebu Gogo
427:Dewi Sri
372:Bidadari
367:Aji Saka
249:Dewi Sri
199:Antaboga
156:Parmalim
68:folklore
37:Balinese
2070:Kakawin
1583:mabasan
1346:mabasan
1282:macapat
1180:apsaras
1169:apsaras
1138:Pandawa
1129:kakawin
1095:kakawin
984:Tau tau
972:Rencong
930:Pustaha
704:Taksaka
694:Hanoman
658:Animals
622:Suanggi
567:Raksasa
537:Pelesit
472:Jenglot
357:Acintya
289:Raksasa
269:Hanoman
189:Acintya
183:Deities
146:Kejawèn
46:kakawin
42:of the
2021:
1999:
1418:candis
1342:metres
1222:kubera
1210:varuna
1148:Korawa
1134:Arjuna
967:Kujang
805:Kraton
782:Ziarah
777:Pawang
711:Rangda
689:Garuda
684:Ganesa
674:Barong
642:Twalen
552:Pocong
547:Petruk
492:Kuyang
392:Brahma
351:Beings
259:Garuda
254:Ganesa
224:Brahma
204:Barong
161:Pemena
151:Marapu
2039:(PDF)
2015:(PDF)
1997:JSTOR
1896:(PDF)
1607:(PDF)
1543:]
1527:, by
1508:Notes
1319:]
1206:danda
1194:astra
1175:Indra
1160:asura
1104:Kanwa
1002:Hantu
830:Turgo
767:Dukun
762:Bomoh
679:Burak
652:Wisnu
637:Tuyul
597:Semar
462:Ifrit
457:Hudoq
452:Hyang
334:Wisnu
279:Hyang
274:Hudoq
2053:link
2019:ISBN
1376:and
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1198:yama
1126:The
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699:Naga
617:Siwa
502:Leak
362:Agni
319:Siwa
194:Agni
136:Iban
91:Adat
66:and
1987:doi
1983:157
1934:doi
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