2672:
150:, for example, fifteen arrows were shot by each side, then thirty, then fifty, then one hundred, before these hundred samurai on each side actually engaged one another in battle. It was also not uncommon for messages to be tied to these arrows, which could be shot into fortresses, battle camps or the like. This practice of the formal archery exchange likely died out gradually following the end of the Heian period, as war became less and less ritualized.
29:
65:, the sound was created by a specially carved or perforated bulb of deer horn or wood attached to the tip. In English, these are often called "whistling-bulb arrows", "messenger arrows", or "signal arrows."
1531:
1524:
1517:
58:
used by the samurai class of feudal Japan. Kabura-ya were arrows which whistled when shot and were used in ritual archery exchanges before formal medieval battles.
2649:
140:
would be shot before a battle, to alert the enemy. The whistling sound was also believed to chase away evil spirits, and to alert friendly
274:
2728:
2709:
1305:
2654:
2733:
247:
146:
to lend their support. It was not uncommon for archery exchanges to be performed for quite some time, and in the 1183
2763:
2506:
207:
1380:
1936:
211:, London, Volume 4 Author, Japan Society of London, Publisher Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., 1900 P.126
1478:
597:
267:
2758:
1660:
1390:
965:
583:
2773:
2702:
1881:
604:
2639:
2753:
2644:
2634:
1964:
1677:
1672:
1929:
260:
234:
Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan
Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
2778:
1682:
2695:
2011:
1385:
1300:
827:
2768:
2738:
835:
382:
896:
8:
1509:
1310:
972:
298:
1791:
439:
2748:
2324:
1285:
453:
147:
2558:
2407:
2376:
2030:
1908:
562:
158:
2743:
2683:
2485:
2261:
1473:
1018:
955:
869:
625:
99:
221:
Turnbull, Stephen (1987). 'Battles of the
Samurai'. London: Arms and Armour Press.
154:
2106:
1991:
1922:
1869:
1717:
1636:
989:
913:
889:
862:
541:
331:
324:
237:
Billingsley, Phil (1988). "Bandits in
Republican China" Stanford University Press
62:
1437:
2679:
2208:
1996:
1957:
1546:
1295:
1290:
1106:
945:
938:
783:
618:
576:
548:
1894:
1731:
1364:
977:
960:
840:
22:
2722:
2425:
2148:
2001:
1395:
1320:
1186:
1112:
1095:
1001:
982:
901:
879:
632:
611:
590:
569:
359:
283:
73:", and thus the Japanese term technically means 'turnip arrows'. The Chinese
2386:
950:
711:
2492:
2201:
2120:
2016:
2006:
1986:
1421:
1349:
1191:
1053:
928:
845:
188:
133:
1858:
2599:
2534:
2155:
2141:
2134:
1688:
1176:
1159:
1068:
1048:
923:
884:
797:
746:
704:
389:
82:
1851:
1566:
1341:
1334:
906:
425:
2578:
2439:
2358:
2233:
2194:
1981:
1784:
1710:
1615:
1242:
1031:
933:
852:
474:
352:
116:
55:
2453:
2400:
1950:
1901:
1798:
1601:
1559:
1043:
718:
317:
2620:
2527:
2446:
2337:
2215:
2180:
2046:
1943:
1763:
1756:
1643:
1483:
1315:
1263:
1169:
1139:
1133:
1119:
1083:
1036:
1006:
994:
874:
804:
664:
509:
460:
397:
376:
110:
104:
2671:
2247:
2113:
1608:
2613:
2564:
2552:
2467:
2351:
2127:
2039:
1777:
1770:
1666:
1594:
1453:
1411:
1359:
1354:
1210:
1100:
1073:
857:
810:
732:
534:
488:
467:
432:
411:
178:
2606:
2585:
2300:
2286:
1830:
1629:
1573:
1148:
760:
649:
495:
481:
404:
2592:
2499:
2393:
2307:
2187:
2081:
2067:
1844:
1749:
1587:
1269:
1181:
1164:
1127:
1087:
1058:
1026:
790:
555:
527:
446:
418:
252:
85:
were commonly used by bandits to announce the gang's approach.
1887:
2520:
2513:
2432:
2330:
2254:
2162:
2088:
2060:
2053:
1915:
1837:
1823:
1580:
1468:
1463:
1325:
1256:
1249:
1144:
725:
654:
345:
338:
183:
90:
70:
739:
2571:
2460:
2344:
2240:
1724:
1622:
1458:
1416:
1154:
1063:
816:
776:
767:
753:
659:
502:
28:
2293:
2279:
1494: (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)
2365:
2074:
1805:
1235:
1217:
142:
1539:
124:
cleansing rites of sites, shrine grounds, parks, etc.
169:, is meant to serve as a ward against evil spirits.
209:Transactions and proceedings of the Japan Society
2720:
132:In battle, particularly around the time of the
81:) was quite similar, and until the end of the
47:
2703:
1525:
268:
21:"Koushi" redirects here. For the cloth, see
2710:
2696:
1532:
1518:
275:
261:
157:as good luck charms, particularly around
27:
16:Variation of arrow used by Samurai class
297:
2721:
1540:Japanese weapons, armour and equipment
1306:Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
1513:
685:
296:
256:
2666:
13:
282:
98:arrow in mid-flight is thought to
77:(sometimes pronounced and written
14:
2790:
241:
153:The arrows would also be sold at
2670:
2318:Projectile and throwing weapons
1381:Shrine Parishioner Registration
215:
201:
1:
2729:Samurai weapons and equipment
194:
2682:. You can help Knowledge by
2418:Improvised and other weapons
1479:Two bows, two claps, one bow
23:Tartan § Japanese kōshi
7:
2655:Military equipment of Japan
1405:Misc practices for visitors
1391:Shrine Consolidation Policy
172:
10:
2795:
2734:Archery equipment of Japan
2678:This archery article is a
2665:
686:
228:
32:Samurai archer shooting a
20:
2630:
2544:
2477:
2417:
2375:
2317:
2271:
2225:
2172:
2098:
2029:
1974:
1877:
1868:
1815:
1741:
1702:
1653:
1554:
1545:
1492:
1446:
1430:
1404:
1373:
1278:
1227:
1202:
1082:
1017:
826:
696:
692:
681:
642:
519:
369:
346:honden / shinden / shōden
309:
305:
292:
69:literally translates to "
48:
2764:Shinto religious objects
2650:National Treasure swords
100:ward off evil influences
94:, the sound made by the
2173:Chain and rope weapons
966:Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō
918:daughters of Amaterasu
370:Architectonic elements
127:
52:, lit. 'turnip arrow')
37:
2099:Samurai accoutrements
2012:Mail and plate armour
1386:Secular Shrine Theory
1301:Shinkai (divine rank)
31:
2226:Clubs and truncheons
836:Fushimi Inari Taisha
161:; simply carrying a
1742:Polearms and spears
1311:Engishiki Jinmyocho
973:Kumano Nachi Taisha
299:Shinto architecture
2759:Exorcism in Shinto
1703:Knives and daggers
1330:Buddhist elements
1286:Twenty-Two Shrines
148:battle of Kurikara
38:
2774:Religious objects
2691:
2690:
2663:
2662:
2559:Edo period police
2025:
2024:
1882:Auxiliary armours
1698:
1697:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
897:Dazaifu Tenman-gū
677:
676:
673:
672:
563:ishi-no-ma-zukuri
2786:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2674:
2667:
2640:Weapons of Japan
1875:
1874:
1816:Practice weapons
1792:Torimono sandōgu
1552:
1551:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1019:Tutelary deities
956:Oyamakui no Kami
870:Ise Grand Shrine
694:
693:
683:
682:
626:sumiyoshi-zukuri
612:ryōnagare-zukuri
307:
306:
294:
293:
286:
277:
270:
263:
254:
253:
222:
219:
213:
205:
120:, it is used in
102:, and, like the
53:
51:
50:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2754:Shinto in Japan
2719:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2664:
2659:
2645:Japanese swords
2635:Japanese armour
2626:
2540:
2473:
2413:
2371:
2313:
2267:
2221:
2168:
2094:
2021:
1970:
1864:
1811:
1737:
1694:
1678:Sword polishing
1673:Sword mountings
1649:
1541:
1538:
1508:
1495:
1488:
1442:
1426:
1400:
1369:
1274:
1223:
1198:
1078:
1013:
990:Tsushima Shrine
914:Munakata Taisha
890:Shinmei shrines
863:Hachiman Shrine
853:Usa Hachiman-gū
822:
688:
669:
638:
584:misedana-zukuri
542:hachiman-zukuri
535:tsumairi-zukuri
515:
396:kaerumata: see
365:
318:chōzu or temizu
301:
288:
284:
281:
248:Archery Gallery
244:
231:
226:
225:
220:
216:
206:
202:
197:
175:
130:
63:wind instrument
45:
36:over the Azuchi
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2675:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2479:
2478:Signal devices
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2209:Kyoketsu-shoge
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Beppyo Shrines
1293:
1291:Gokoku Shrines
1288:
1282:
1280:
1279:Classification
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1110:
1107:Chinju no Mori
1104:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
999:
998:
997:
987:
986:
985:
980:
970:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
946:Hiyoshi Taisha
943:
942:
941:
939:Kotoshironushi
936:
931:
921:
920:
919:
911:
910:
909:
904:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
867:
866:
865:
860:
850:
849:
848:
843:
832:
830:
824:
823:
821:
820:
813:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
772:
771:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
700:
698:
690:
689:
679:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
646:
644:
640:
639:
637:
636:
629:
622:
619:shinmei-zukuri
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
577:kibitsu-zukuri
573:
566:
559:
556:irimoya-zukuri
552:
549:hiyoshi-zukuri
545:
538:
531:
528:hirairi-zukuri
523:
521:
517:
516:
514:
513:
506:
499:
492:
485:
478:
471:
464:
457:
450:
443:
436:
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
393:
386:
379:
373:
371:
367:
366:
364:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
313:
311:
303:
302:
290:
289:
285:Shinto shrines
280:
279:
272:
265:
257:
251:
250:
243:
242:External links
240:
239:
238:
235:
230:
227:
224:
223:
214:
199:
198:
196:
193:
192:
191:
186:
181:
174:
171:
159:New Year's Day
155:Shintō shrines
129:
126:
56:Japanese arrow
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2791:
2780:
2779:Archery stubs
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
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2576:
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2537:
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2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
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2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:Staff weapons
2270:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:
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2684:expanding it
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2493:Hata-jirushi
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2202:Kusari-fundo
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1654:Construction
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1593:
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1558:
1438:Jinja Honchō
1431:Institutions
1350:Whale mounds
1340:
1333:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1216:
1209:
1192:Shinko-shiki
1118:
1054:Yama-no-Kami
929:Takeminakata
846:Inari shrine
828:Head shrines
815:
803:
796:
789:
782:
775:
766:
759:
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745:
738:
731:
724:
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631:
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605:owari-zukuri
603:
598:ōtori-zukuri
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189:Dacian draco
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134:Heian period
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66:
60:
41:
40:
39:
33:
18:
2769:Magic items
2739:Arrow types
2600:Shinsengumi
2535:Uma-jirushi
2408:Tanegashima
2156:Uchi-bukuro
2142:Kubi bukuro
2135:Kate-bukuro
1732:Yoroi-dōshi
1689:Tameshigiri
1365:Sōja shrine
1177:Arahitogami
1160:Jingu Taima
1130:(locations)
1069:Ubusunagami
1049:Jinushigami
978:Kumano Kodō
961:Sannō torii
924:Suwa Taisha
885:Jingu Taima
841:Inari Ōkami
747:Kagura suzu
643:Decorations
390:hidden roof
83:Warlord Era
2723:Categories
2579:Onna-musha
2440:Metsubushi
2387:Bajō-zutsu
2195:Kusarigama
1982:Brigandine
1785:Sodegarami
1711:Kabutowari
1616:Shikomizue
1243:Kanjo Nawa
1032:Chinjugami
951:Ōkuninushi
934:Yasakatome
712:Chōzubachi
697:Implements
353:kagura-den
195:References
117:Azusa Yumi
114:, and the
2749:Talismans
2621:Yamabushi
2528:Sashimono
2507:Kabura-ya
2338:Makibishi
2325:Artillery
2234:Hachiwari
2181:Chigiriki
2047:Hachimaki
1944:Men-yoroi
1859:Tanren bō
1764:Kama-yari
1757:Hoko yari
1644:Wakizashi
1484:Jichinsai
1316:Chinjusha
1264:Miyamairi
1170:Senjafuda
1140:Kadomatsu
1134:Katashiro
1120:Meoto Iwa
1109:(forests)
1084:Yorishiro
1037:Garanshin
1007:Gion cult
995:Gion cult
875:Amaterasu
805:Tamagushi
665:Shimenawa
461:nakazonae
398:nakazonae
377:Chinjusha
310:Buildings
165:, like a
163:kabura-ya
138:kabura-ya
111:Hama Yumi
96:kabura-ya
75:xiangjian
42:Kabura-ya
34:kabura-ya
2614:Yabusame
2565:Kunoichi
2553:Ashigaru
2468:Suntetsu
2379:and guns
2377:Firearms
2352:Shuriken
2128:Kaginawa
2040:Fundoshi
2031:Clothing
1992:Lamellar
1909:Haramaki
1852:Suburitō
1778:Sasumata
1771:Naginata
1667:Horimono
1661:Glossary
1595:Nagamaki
1567:Dōtanuki
1454:Futomani
1412:Ō-mikuji
1360:Mitamaya
1355:Kamidana
1342:miyadera
1335:jingū-ji
1211:Kannushi
1115:(rocks)
1101:Shinboku
1074:Kunitama
907:Tenmangū
880:Jingūkyō
858:Hachiman
811:Masakaki
733:Himorogi
489:tamagaki
468:shinboku
433:katsuogi
426:katōmado
412:karahafu
179:Kasagake
173:See also
2744:Amulets
2593:Samurai
2500:Horagai
2454:Ōtsuchi
2401:Ōdzutsu
2394:Bo-hiya
2308:Yubi-bo
2188:Kubotan
2082:Uwa-obi
2068:Shitagi
1997:Laminar
1951:Ō-yoroi
1902:Dō-maru
1845:Shinken
1799:Tsukubō
1750:Bisento
1637:Tsurugi
1602:Ninjatō
1588:Kodachi
1560:Chokutō
1474:Hakushu
1374:History
1270:Shinshi
1182:Mikoshi
1165:Omamori
1136:(dolls)
1128:Kannabi
1113:Iwakura
1103:(trees)
1096:Mirrors
1088:Shintai
1059:Oyagami
1044:Dōsojin
1027:Ujigami
791:Shinsen
719:Chōzuya
447:komainu
419:karamon
229:Sources
167:Hama Ya
105:Hama Ya
61:Like a
2521:Saihai
2514:Nobori
2486:Gunbai
2433:Kiseru
2331:Fukiya
2262:Tessen
2255:Tekkan
2248:Kanabō
2163:Yebira
2114:Daishō
2089:Waraji
2061:Kyahan
2054:Hakama
1965:Tatami
1937:Kusari
1923:Karuta
1916:Kabuto
1870:Armour
1838:Shinai
1824:Bokken
1718:Kaiken
1609:Ōdachi
1581:Katana
1547:Swords
1469:Misogi
1464:Kagura
1326:Hokora
1257:Misaki
1250:Junrei
1145:Bunrei
902:Tenjin
761:Ō-nusa
754:O-miki
726:Hakama
687:Others
655:Saisen
520:Styles
339:hokora
332:Heiden
325:Haiden
184:Carnyx
122:Shinto
91:Shinto
79:mingdi
71:turnip
67:Kabura
2607:Sōhei
2586:Rōnin
2572:Ninja
2545:Users
2461:Shobo
2345:Oyumi
2301:Tanbō
2287:Hanbō
2241:Jitte
2216:Jōhyō
2107:Abumi
2017:Scale
2007:Plate
1975:Types
1958:Sangu
1930:Kikko
1831:Iaitō
1725:Kunai
1630:Tantō
1623:Tachi
1574:Guntō
1459:Harae
1447:Rites
1417:Shuin
1203:Staff
1155:Ofuda
1149:Kanjō
1064:Sorei
817:Washi
784:Shide
777:Sanbo
768:Gohei
660:Tomoe
650:Sandō
503:torii
496:tokyō
482:sōrin
475:shōrō
405:kairō
383:chigi
2680:stub
2426:Kama
2366:Yumi
2149:Kura
2121:Horo
2075:Tabi
2002:Mail
1987:Lame
1888:Bōgu
1806:Yari
1236:A-un
1218:Miko
1147:and
1086:and
798:Suzu
510:tōrō
143:kami
2447:Ono
1422:Ema
740:Jōe
454:mon
128:Use
88:In
2725::
2359:Ya
2294:Jō
2280:Bō
1895:Dō
705:An
136:,
108:,
49:鏑矢
2711:e
2704:t
2697:v
2686:.
1533:e
1526:t
1519:v
276:e
269:t
262:v
46:(
25:.
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