Sola fide - Knowledge

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Propitiation, 1 Tim. 2:5, in order that the Father may be reconciled through Him. Whoever, therefore, trusts that by works he merits grace, despises the merit and grace of Christ, and seeks a way to God without Christ, by human strength, although Christ has said of Himself: I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life. John 14:6. This doctrine concerning faith is everywhere treated by Paul, Eph. 2:8: By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of your selves; it is the gift of God, not of works, etc. And lest any one should craftily say that a new interpretation of Paul has been devised by us, this entire matter is supported by the testimonies of the Fathers. For Augustine, in many volumes, defends grace and the righteousness of faith, over against the merits of works. And Ambrose, in his De Vocatione Gentium, and elsewhere, teaches to like effect. For in his De Vocatione Gentium he says as follows: Redemption by the blood of Christ would become of little value, neither would the preeminence of man's works be superseded by the mercy of God, if justification, which is wrought through grace, were due to the merits going before, so as to be, not the free gift of a donor, but the reward due to the laborer."

3853:), so that we may work out our salvation in fear and trembling (cf. Phil. 2:12). This is what the Orthodox mean by "synergy" (working together) of divine grace and the human will of the believer in the appropriation of the divine life in Christ. The understanding of synergy in salvation is helped by the fact that the human will in the one person of Christ was not abolished when the human nature was united in Him with the divine nature, according to the Christological decisions of the Ecumenical Councils. While Lutherans do not use the concept of synergy, they recognize the personal responsibility of the human being in the acceptance or refusal of divine grace through faith, and in the growth of faith and obedience to God. Lutherans and Orthodox both understand good works as the fruits and manifestations of the believer's faith and not as a means of salvation. 3019:

22 to say that Abraham's attempted sacrifice of Isaac was not a supreme act of faith. Similarly, Abraham's departure from his homeland in Genesis 12 also couples his faith and works in regard to justification. Throughout his life, in the periods recorded in Genesis 13–14, 16–21, and 23–25 which are between the times of his recorded faith and obedience in the New Testament, Abraham continued to live in faith and obedience, with only what we may call minor lapses along the way. Genesis 22's importance is its detailing of Abraham's quintessential act of the faith-and-works which allowed God to swear an oath of blessing to him and for all his future descendants. Abraham's act in Genesis 22, not Gn 15:6, was the most important act in Abraham's life. The act in Genesis 22 was just as much a crediting of righteousness to Abraham as that in Gn 15:6.

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nor of the law, nor even of God. We have sinned, so the accusation stands. Justification implies pardon, the forgiveness of sins. ... Ultimately for the true Wesleyan salvation is completed by our return to original righteousness. This is done by the work of the Holy Spirit. ... The Wesleyan tradition insists that grace is not contrasted with law but with the works of the law. Wesleyans remind us that Jesus came to fulfill, not destroy the law. God made us in his perfect image, and he wants that image restored. He wants to return us to a full and perfect obedience through the process of sanctification. ... Good works follow after justification as its inevitable fruit. Wesley insisted that Methodists who did not fulfill all righteousness deserved the hottest place in the lake of fire.

2394:(JDDJ), signed by the Lutheran World Federation and the Catholic Church, says that "sinners are justified by faith in the saving action of God in Christ. ... Such a faith is active in love and thus the Christian cannot and should not remain without works." And later, "Good works – a Christian life lived in faith, hope and love – follow justification and are its fruits. When the justified live in Christ and act in the grace they receive, they bring forth, in biblical terms, good fruit. Since Christians struggle against sin their entire lives, this consequence of justification is also for them an obligation they must fulfill. Thus both Jesus and the apostolic Scriptures admonish Christians to bring forth the works of love." 2132:("you see that a person is justified by what he does and not by faith alone"), the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod has written: "In James 2, the author was dealing with errorists who said that if they had faith they didn't need to show their love by a life of faith (2:14–17). James countered this error by teaching that true, saving faith is alive, showing itself to be so by deeds of love (James 2:18, 26). The author of James taught that justification is by faith alone and also that faith is never alone but shows itself to be alive by good deeds that express a believer's thanks to God for the free gift of salvation by faith in Jesus Christ." 5943:, "We believe, teach, and confess that, although the contrition that precedes, and the good works that follow, do not belong to the article of justification before God, yet one is not to imagine a faith of such a kind as can exist and abide with, and alongside of, a wicked intention to sin and to act against the conscience. But after man has been justified by faith, then a true living faith worketh by love, Gal. 5:6, so that thus good works always follow justifying faith, and are surely found with it, if it be true and living; for it never is alone, but always has with it love and hope." 2874:, is essential as the gateway to salvation, but not the only element needed for salvation (Eph 2:8–10). God's freely given grace is offered and empowers one's ability to believe and to perform good works, both then becoming meritorious because they are joined to Christ's saving power of the Cross. (Phil 2:12–13) (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1987–2029) A Christian must respond to this free gift of Grace from God given first, ordinarily, in Baptism (1 Pet 3:21) both by having faith and by living in the light of Christ through love (Jn 3:16; 1 Jn 1:7) ( 2933:), continually infuses strength into those justified, which strength always precedes, accompanies and follows their good works, and without which they could not in any manner be pleasing and meritorious before God, we must believe that nothing further is wanting to those justified to prevent them from being considered to have, by those very works which have been done in God, fully satisfied the divine law according to the state of this life and to have truly merited eternal life, to be obtained in its time, provided they depart in grace". 3054: 3849:), stress the absolute priority of divine grace in salvation. When they speak about saving faith they do not think of the dead faith which even the demons have (cf. James 2:19), but the faith which Abraham showed and which was reckoned to him as righteousness (cf. Gen. 15:6, Rom. 4:3,9). The Orthodox also affirm the absolute priority of divine grace. They underline that it is God's grace which enables our human will to conform to the divine will (cf. Phil 2:13) in the steps of Jesus praying, "not as I will but as You will" ( 1816: 731: 3090:, it was argued, takes Christ both as savior and example. That is, faith is directed not just to the soteriological work of Christ's death, but also towards his exemplary human life. Faith accepts that because Christ's earthly life pleased God, it is normative for proper human experience. Consequently, early Anabaptism expected an affirmative answer to two basic questions: 1) "Do you believe that Christ bore your sins?" and 2) "Do you believe that Jesus' human life, which pleased God, should be copied?" 4100:

living and the striving for perfection. Wesley gave the analogy of a house. He said repentance is the porch. Faith is the door. But holy living is the house itself. Holy living is true religion. "Salvation is like a house. To get into the house you first have to get on the porch (repentance) and then you have to go through the door (faith). But the house itself--one's relationship with God--is holiness, holy living" (Joyner, paraphrasing Wesley, 3).

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refers to a faith that is not profitable in this life nor in the judgement seat of Christ, but does not imply false conversion. Thus, when the epistle of James says "can that faith save him", it is either understood as salvation from temporal consequences of sin (as with Hodges), salvation from a loss of reward (as with Bing), both (as with Dillow), or as the physical salvation of the poor person described in the chapter (as with R. T. Kendall).

1783:(or legal) justification, a divine verdict of acquittal pronounced on the believing sinner. God declares the sinner to be "not guilty" because Christ has taken his place, living a perfect life according to God's law and suffering for his sins. For Lutherans, justification is in no way dependent upon the thoughts, words, and deeds of those justified through faith alone in Christ. The new obedience that the justified sinner renders to God through 3866: 1585: 2997:

to use the meaning of "vindicated" in the first part of his argument (Jm 2:20–21) in order also to use it in the latter part (Jm 2:24). Since the grammatical structure of the verse would then require that the phrase "not by faith alone" have its referent in the phrase "is vindicated," this would force the meaning of the verse to be, "a person is vindicated ... not by faith alone"—a meaning that has no relevance to James's discussion.

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This would be impossible if the good works that are the fruit of genuine repentance and faith were unconditionally necessary for salvation. The man was dying and lacked time; his movements were confined and he lacked opportunity. In his case, faith alone was necessary. However, for the vast majority of human beings good works are necessary for continuance in faith because those persons have both the time and opportunity for them.

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not those which every one contrives himself from a good intention, or which are done according to traditions of men, but those which God Himself has prescribed and commanded in His Word; also, that truly good works are done, not from our own natural powers, but in this way: when the person by faith is reconciled with God and renewed by the Holy Ghost, or, as Paul says, is created anew in Christ Jesus to good works, Eph. 2:10."

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the good news of God's saving work for us in Christ. By our response of faith to Christ, we enter into the blessings promised by the gospel. Faith is not merely intellectual assent but an act of the whole persons involving the mind, the will, and the affections, issuing in a changed life. We understand that what we here affirm is in agreement with what the Reformation traditions have meant by justification by faith alone (

2921:) and to come to the fellowship of His sons; and we are therefore said to be justified gratuitously, because none of those things that precede justification, whether faith or works, merit the grace of justification." "Faith, unless hope and charity be added to it, neither unites man perfectly with Christ nor makes him a living member of His body. For which reason it is most truly said that faith without works is dead ( 5451:, p249, "The formula sola fide can be taken for orthodox since the 'alone' may be understood as a plausible way of making clear the statement in Romans 3:28. This much is certain - the 'alone' in the translation is not Luther's invention. Even before the Reformation there were already such translations. According to Lyonnet...the German Bible's reading of Gal 2.16 is 'gerechtfertigt...nur durch den Glauben.'" 3212: 4822:

merits, and of the exaltation of traditions to a height of credibility equal to that of the divine word. He maintains that we are to be saved by faith alone; holds the fallibility of the church, exposes the futility of praying for the dead, and the sinfulness of the idolatrous practices then supported by the Roman see. Such are the sentiments found in his commentary on the epistle to the Galatians.

3591:: Because Christ, having redeemed and delivered us by his blood, also renews us by his Holy Spirit, after his own image; that so we may testify, by the whole of our conduct, our gratitude to God for his blessings, and that he may be praised by us; also, that every one may be assured in himself of his faith, by the fruits thereof; and that, by our godly conversation others may be gained to Christ. 2882:). The Catholic position is best summed up in John 3:16, if one has the proper, contextual understanding of the word "believe". "Believe", in context and in ancient Judaism, meant more than an intellectual assent. "To believe" also meant to obey, which is seen, in context, in Jn 3:36, 1 Jn 2:3ff, and 1 Jn 5:1ff. Without our positive response to grace offered, salvation is not possible. 2929:)." After being justified, "to those who work well unto the end and trust in God, eternal life is to be offered, both as a grace mercifully promised to the sons of God through Christ Jesus, and as a reward promised by God himself, to be faithfully given to their good works and merits. ... Since Christ Jesus Himself, as the head into the members and the vine into the branches ( 3094:"The beginning of the Anabaptist path to salvation was thus marked not by a forensic understanding of salvation by 'faith alone', but by the entire process of repentance, self-denial, faith, rebirth and obedience. It was this process that was marked by the biblical sign of baptism." After becoming a believer, Anabaptist theology emphasizes "a faith that works." 6526:

have traditionally tended towards doctrines of salvation similar to that of Wesleyan Arminianism--without affirming a "second blessing" and entire sanctification. There have always been some in these groups, however, who has espoused a view more akin to Reformed Arminianism. Many traditional Lutherans also affirm the possibility of apostasy and reconversion.

1849:, also a proponent of this doctrine, taught that "every one who would obtain the righteousness of Christ must renounce his own." According to Calvin, it is only because the sinner is able to obtain the good standing of the Son of God, through faith in him, and union with him, that sinners have any hope of pardon from, acceptance by, and peace with God. 2425:

before God; but as the tree must first be good, so also must man be first accepted before God by faith for Christ's sake. The works are too insignificant to render God gracious to us for their sake, if He were not gracious to us for Christ's sake. Therefore James does not contradict St. Paul, and does not say that by our works we merit, etc.

570:(c. 1328 – 1384), as he stated: "Trust wholly in Christ; rely altogether on his sufferings; beware of seeking to be justified in any other way than by his righteousness. Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ is sufficient for salvation.". According to some historians Luther's view on the doctrine of sola fide was influenced by the Italian reformer 3013:

prescribes in the context (Jm 2:15), then Abraham would not be justified. Abraham could not be justified in a "once-for-all" event in Gn 15:6 and at the same time have that justification put in jeopardy by disobedience to James's requirement of works for justification. If this could happen, the question in Jm 2:14 would have no meaning.

3230:, David R. Anderson and others, is distinguished from other traditions by holding an especially strong version of the doctrine of faith alone. It holds that things such as turning from sin, baptism or perseverance in the faith are necessary for salvation, but instead hold that these things are necessary for eternal rewards. It holds 4935:

John of Wessel was one member in the group who attacked indulgences (Reddy 2004: 115). The doctrine of justification by faith alone was the teaching of John of Wessel (Kuiper 1982: 151). He rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation where it is believed when the priest pronounces the sacraments then

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Wesley understood faith as a necessity for salvation, even calling it "the sole condition" of salvation, in the sense that it led to justification, the beginning point of salvation. At the same time, "as glorious and honorable as is, it is not the end of the commandment. God hath given this honor to

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That is just what can be seen in the so-called Christians of today, especially the Lutherans. They continually profess to love and serve God and will not give up evil, sinful practices and the whole service of the devil. They continue to walk from generation to generation; as their fathers did, so do

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James does not support the Lutherans and Reformed Christian concept that one can be saved as long as he has "saving faith." James is not so much attempting to qualify the faith needed for justification as he is saying that one must consciously add works to faith in order to be justified. A person, to

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If James were attempting to teach a vindication of Abraham, the specific argumentation he used would make sense only if James's opponents had claimed that Abraham was "vindicated by faith alone." In other words, if the vindication hypothesis were true, syntactical requirements would have forced James

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If James were teaching a concept of "vindication," he would have said, with the proper Greek word, "you see, a person is vindicated by works." Moreover, since James adds the clause "and not by faith alone" we know that he is correcting a false notion concerning the solitude of faith in justification,

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between Protestant and Catholic conceptions of the role of faith in salvation, which, if they were successful, would have far reaching implications for the relationship between most Protestant churches and the Catholic Church. These attempts to form a consensus are accepted among many Protestants and

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James here (verse 10) also shoots down the false doctrine of work-righteousness. The only way to be free of sin is to keep the law perfectly and in its entirety. If we offend it in the slightest, tiniest little way, we are guilty of all. Thank God that He sent Jesus to fulfill the Law in its entirety

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For Lutherans, justification provides the power by which Christians can grow in holiness. Such improvement comes about in the believer only after he has become a new creation in Christ through Holy Baptism. This improvement is not completed in this life: Christians are always "saint and sinner at the

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righteousness). "That is why faith alone makes someone just and fulfills the law," said Luther. "Faith is that which brings the Holy Spirit through the merits of Christ." Thus faith, for Luther, is a gift from God, and "a living, bold trust in God's grace, so certain of God's favor that it would risk

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Paul, joining righteousness to faith and weaving them together, constructs of them the breastplates for the infantryman, armoring the soldier properly and safely on both sides. A soldier cannot be considered safely armored when either shield is disjoined from the other. Faith without works of justice

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In the former sense Wesley can use it to embrace the whole range of Christian salvation proper, both present and final salvation: salvation in its inception, continuation, and conclusion; usually, however, he confines it to present salvation, which comprises justification and sanctification, and the

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But, say they, the Catholic Christians have Christ for a foundation, and they have not fallen away from union with Him, no matter how depraved a life they have built on this foundation, as wood, hay, stubble; and accordingly the well-directed faith by which Christ is their foundation will suffice to

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sanctification. ... Wesley himself in a sermon entitled "Justification by Faith" makes an attempt to define the term accurately. First, he states what justification is not. It is not being made actually just and righteous (that is sanctification). It is not being cleared of the accusations of Satan,

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Also, for Methodists full salvation involves not only justification by faith, but repentance and holy living as well. Whereas in Lutheran theology the central doctrine and focus of all our worship and life is justification by grace through faith, for Methodists the central focus has always been holy

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Those whom God effectually calls, He also freely justifies; not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous; not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ's sake alone; nor by imputing faith itself,

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Whereas in Lutheran theology the central doctrine and focus of all our worship and life is justification by grace through faith, for Methodists the central focus has always been holy living and the striving for perfection. Wesley gave the analogy of a house. He said repentance is the porch. Faith is

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There are some differences among free grace theologians on the issue of fruit in a Christian life. More moderate free grace theologians still affirm that faith will necessarily lead into good works, although it may not be outwardly evident or last to the end of one's life. However, those who hold to

3234:, and denies that every believer will necessarily persevere. Thus, they hold that anyone who believes in Jesus Christ will go to heaven regardless of any future actions—including future sin, unbelief, or apostasy—though Christians who sin or abandon the faith will face God's discipline. For example, 3018:

Abraham's acts in Genesis 12, 15, and 22 were acts of faith and works. We should not misconstrue Paul's stress on Abraham's faith in his view of Gn 15:6 to say that Abraham performed no works of loving obedience to God at this time or prior, nor should we misconstrue James's view of works in Genesis

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James's discussion of the events surrounding the justification of Rahab preclude assigning the meaning of "vindicated" to the word justified. Rahab's justification, as described in Jm 2:25, is a salvific justification, not a vindication, yet James specifies that Rahab was justified "in the same way"

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Lutherans and Reformed Christians have devised many and varied explanations to neutralize the clear and unambiguous statement in Jm 2:24 that "man is justified by works and not by faith alone." Each of these explanations concludes that James is not teaching that man is justified by works in the same

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to people who felt that believing in Jesus saved a person, but that having faith did not mean that a person necessarily would keep God's commandments out of love for God (James 2:14, 17). To show that faith is not really faith unless it leads a person to thank God for salvation in a life of glad and

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a living, creative, active and powerful thing, this faith. Faith cannot help doing good works constantly. It doesn’t stop to ask if good works ought to be done, but before anyone asks, it already has done them and continues to do them without ceasing. Anyone who does not do good works in this manner

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Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of God. When God's righteousness is mentioned in the gospel, it is God's action of declaring righteous the unrighteous sinner who has faith in Jesus Christ. The righteousness by which the person is justified (declared righteous) is not his

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When we hear, ‘Your faith has saved you,’ we do not understand the Lord to say simply that they will be saved who have believed in whatever manner, even if works have not followed. To begin with, it was to the Jews alone that he spoke this phrase, who had lived in accord with the law and blamelessly

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seemed to have believed grace oriented views of salvation, which is by faith: as he declared "salvation is entirely by faith", Hilary often contrasts salvific faith and salvation by works, which leads to unbelief. He also believed salvation to be by grace in the Old Testament and he saw Abraham as a

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differs from the reformers as he understood the word "justify" to mean make righteous and not declare righteous, and thus he denied imputed righteousness. He also saw salvation as a process, despite that he still held very grace-oriented views of salvation, having similarities to the views reformers

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The Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord, Article 4: Of Good Works, "First, there is no controversy among our theologians concerning the following points in this article, namely: that it is God's will, order, and command that believers should walk in good works; and that truly good works are

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The New Testament makes it clear that the gift of salvation is received through faith. "By grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not your own doing, it is the gift of God" (Ephesians 2:8). By faith, which is also the gift of God, we repent of our sins and freely adhere to the gospel,

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We believe good works are the necessary fruits of faith and follow regeneration but they do not have the virtue to remove our sins or to avert divine judgment. We believe good works, pleasing and acceptable to God in Christ, spring from a true and living faith, for through and by them faith is made

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This confession uses a variety of expressions for salvation. For example, salvation is often expressed as "justification by faith". The justification that is "reckoned" to us as salvation (Rom. 4:1–12) is experienced as a covenant relationship with God. A covenant is a binding agreement between two

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Faith is necessary to salvation unconditionally. Good works are necessary only conditionally, that is if there is time and opportunity. The thief on the cross in Luke 23:39–43 is Wesley's example of this. He believed in Christ and was told, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise."

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Free grace theology is distinguished by its treatment of the words "salvation" and "save" in the Bible. These theologians argue that there are many ways believers can experience "salvation", not necessarily referring to salvation from hell. This view cites verses such as Acts 27:34, where the Greek

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Rather than a forensic justification that only gave a legal change of one's status before God, early Anabaptists taught that "justification begun a dynamic process by which the believer partook of the nature of Christ and was so enabled to live increasingly like Jesus." Christians of the Anabaptist

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These so-called Christians can be compared with the heathen who were led into the land of Israel by the Assyrian king and were settled in cities. The Lord sent lions among them to kill them, until a priest from Israel came and taught them the manner and practice of the law. Those heathen learned to

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The Lutherans and Reformed Christian position assumes that Abraham's justification is a once-for-all event. James's all important question "Can faith save him?" (Jm 2:14), however, includes Abraham within its purview. Hence we must conclude that if Abraham's works were not of the quality that James

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The New Testament does not use the word "justified" in the sense of "vindicated" in contexts which are soteriological, i.e., contexts which discuss salvation or damnation. Moreover, such passages as Mt 11:19 where one could plausibly interpret the Greek word dikaioo as referring to a vindication do

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sought to clarify the Catholic Church's teaching on justification and the manner in which it differed from that proposed by Lutheran and Reformed Christians. It stated: "Faith is the beginning of human salvation, the foundation and root of all justification, without which it is impossible to please

2889:, the Catholic Church's teaching is that it is the grace of God, "the free and undeserved help that God gives us to respond to his call", that justifies us, a grace that is a prerequisite for our free response of "collaboration in justification through faith, and in sanctification through charity". 2234:

Adherents of sola fide respond that Jesus was not instituting keeping a higher moral code as means of salvation, and tend to see the exclusion of "works of the law" (as the means of obtaining justification) as referring to any works of the Mosaic law, and by implication, any "works of righteousness

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This debate, therefore, is not over the question of whether God renews us and initiates a process of gradual growth in holiness throughout the course of our lives. 'We are justified by faith alone, but not by a faith that is alone,' Luther stated, and this recurring affirmation of the new birth and

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makes one righteous. There was Ambrose, Augustine and many others who said it before me. And if a man is going to read and understand St. Paul, he will have to say the same thing, and he can say nothing else. Paul's words are too strong – they allow no works, none at all! Now if it is not works, it

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Neither faith without works nor works without faith is of any avail, except, perhaps, that works may go towards the reception of faith, just as Cornelius, before he had become one of the faithful, merited to be heard on account of his good works. From this it can be gathered that his performance of

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Augsburg Confession, Article 20: Of Good Works, "First, that our works cannot reconcile God or merit forgiveness of sins, grace, and justification, but that we obtain this only by faith when we believe that we are received into favor for Christ's sake, who alone has been set forth the Mediator and

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That those which have union with Christ, are justified from all their sins, past, present, and to come, by the blood of Christ; which justification we conceive to be a gracious and free acquittance of a guilty, sinful creature, from all sin by God, through the satisfaction that Christ hath made by

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Our churches by common consent ... teach that men cannot be justified before God by their own strength, merits, or works, but are freely justified for Christ's sake, through faith, when they believe that they are received into favor, and that their sins are forgiven for Christ's sake, who, by

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the door. But holy living is the house itself. Holy living is true religion. "Salvation is like a house. To get into the house you first have to get on the porch (repentance) and then you have to go through the door (faith). But the house itself—one's relationship with God—is holiness, holy living.

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over the world as God intended for humankind at creation (restoration to rule). Most Free Grace theologians such as Bob Wilkin, Zane Hodges, and Joseph Dillow, among others hold that the one who possesses "dead faith" – as mentioned James 2:17 – is not a false convert, in this view the word "dead"

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the good works of the one justified are in such manner the gifts of God that they are not also the good merits of him justified; or the one justified by the good works that he performs by the grace of God and the merit of Jesus Christ, whose living member he is, does not truly merit an increase of

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in canon XIV on self-righteousness and justification without repentance, declaring: "If any one says, that man is truly absolved from his sins and justified, because that he assuredly believed himself absolved and justified; or, that no one is truly justified but he who believes himself justified;

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to people who said that faith in Jesus alone does not save a person, but one has to also obey God's law in order to be justified (Gal 3:3, 5:4). To counter the false idea that what we do in keeping the law must be added to faith in what Christ did for us. Paul often emphasizes in his letters (esp.

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The relationship of faith and good works is one that may be distinguished but never separated ... if good works do not follow from our profession of faith, it is a clear indication that we do not possess justifying faith. The Reformed formula is, "We are justified by faith alone but not by a faith

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is not in the Greek or Latin text (…) It is a fact that these four letters S O L A are not there (…) At the same time (…) it belongs there if the translation is to be clear and vigorous. I wanted to speak German, not Latin or Greek, since it was German I had undertaken to speak in the translation.

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Lutherans believe that individuals receive this gift of salvation through faith alone. Saving faith is the knowledge of, acceptance of, and trust in the promise of the Gospel. Even faith itself is seen as a gift of God, created in the hearts of Christians by the work of the Holy Spirit through the

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viewed salvation as being God's work granted to those who exercise faith, which then causes works. Clement's view on justification has caused much scholarly discussion, because Clement asserted: "we are not justified through ourselves, but through faith", but still emphasizing God's judgement upon

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A further concession is made, one that could easily be made by an Arminian Protestant who shared the Orthodox understanding of synergism (i.e., regeneration as the fruit of free will's cooperation with grace): "The Orthodox emphasis on the importance of the human response toward the grace of God,

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While for Arminius loss of salvation came only through ceasing to believe in Christ, Wesleyans held that it could result from eiter unbelief or unconfessed sin. ... Anabaptists (e.g., Mennonites, Brethren) and Restorationists (e.g., the Churches of Christ, Christian Churches, Disciples of Christ)

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A comment on the epistle to the Galatians, is his only work which was committed to the press. In it he every where asserts the equality of all the apostles with St. Peter. And, indeed, he always owns Jesus Christ to be the only proper head of the church. He is severe against the doctrine of human

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25. We confess together that sinners are justified by faith in the saving action of God in Christ. By the action of the Holy Spirit in Baptism, they are granted the gift of salvation, which lays the basis for the whole Christian life. They place their trust in God's gracious promise by justifying

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He who has faith and good works is righteous, not indeed, on account of the works, but for Christ's sake, through faith. And as a good tree should bring forth good fruit, and yet the fruit does not make the tree good, so good works must follow the new birth, although they do not make man accepted

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Thirdly, James has spoken shortly before concerning regeneration, namely, that it occurs through the Gospel. For thus he says James 1:18: Of His own will begat He us with the Word of Truth, that we should be a kind of first-fruits of His creatures. When he says that we have been born again by the

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Entire sanctification is that work of the Holy Spirit, subsequent to regeneration, by which fully consecrated believers, upon exercise of faith in the atoning blood of Christ, are cleansed in that moment from all inward sin and empowered for service. The resulting relationship is attested by the

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has been based on condemnations of caricatured positions not actually held: "The teaching of the Lutheran Churches presented in the Declaration does not fall under the condemnations from the Council of Trent. The condemnations in the Lutheran Confessions do not apply to the teaching of the Roman

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And the same apostle says that we are justified "freely" or "by grace" through redemption in Jesus Christ. And therefore we cling to this foundation, which is firm forever, giving all glory to God, humbling ourselves, and recognizing ourselves as we are; not claiming a thing for ourselves or our

2385:

We confess together that good works – a Christian life lived in faith, hope and love – follow justification and are its fruits. When the justified live in Christ and act in the grace they receive, they bring forth, in biblical terms, good fruit. Since Christians struggle against sin their entire

2193:"It is living faith that justifies and living faith unites to Christ both in the virtue of his death and in the power of his resurrection. No one has entrusted himself to Christ for deliverance from the guilt of sin who has not also entrusted himself to him for deliverance from the power of sin." 497:. The individuals Augustine criticized held that one is saved by faith alone and that God's future judgement for Christians only consisted of temporal punishment and reward; hell was out of question. Thus, they held that deeds such as repentance and good works were not necessary to enter heaven. 3028:

James assumes that the audience to whom he writes already has faith in God. The main question that James poses to them is whether they have added works to their faith. James does not suggest that works will immediately or inevitably flow from one who has faith, even though he may have a greater

2508:

A recent article suggests that the current confusion regarding the Epistle of James about faith and works resulted from Augustine of Hippo's anti-Donatist polemic in the early fifth century. This approach reconciles the views of Paul and James on faith and works. Recent meetings of scholars and

1760:). This is necessary to believe. This cannot be otherwise acquired or grasped by any work, law or merit. Therefore, it is clear and certain that this faith alone justifies us. ... Nothing of this article can be yielded or surrendered, even though heaven and earth and everything else falls ( 6764:

Christ instituted the sacrament of Penance for all sinful members of his Church: above all for those who, since Baptism, have fallen into grave sin, and have thus lost their baptismal grace and wounded ecclesial communion. It is to them that the sacrament of Penance offers a new possibility to

4747:

There were Christians in good standing with the church c.AD 400 who held the doctrine that a person received salvation by faith alone without repentance or good works. Much to Augustine's ire, baptism was practiced immediately if one of them believed in Christ, without first entering prolonged

3201:

Because we teach from the mouth of the Lord that if we would enter into life, we must keep the commandments; that the love of God is that we keep his commandments, the preachers call us heaven-stormers and meritmen, saying that we want to be saved by our own merits even though we have always

3484:

We are accounted righteous before God, only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ by faith, and not for our own works or deservings. Wherefore that we are justified by faith only is a most wholesome doctrine, and very full of comfort; as more largely is expressed in the Homily of

7108:

Because of their emphasis on Christ-like living, Anabaptists have repeatedly been subject to the charge of legalism. Luther was one of the first. When Anabaptists emphasized that faith is visible and genuine only if expressed in action, Luther saw nothing but a new system of righteousness by

3029:

disposition towards good works once he has faith. James teaches that one who has faith must make a daily, conscious decision to do good works, just as he must decide each day to refrain from sin. In fact, if he chooses not to do good works when the opportunity arises, he has sinned (Jm 4:17).

2964:

Catholic exegetes believe that St. James, to continue the thread above, had no other object than to emphasize the fact—already emphasized by St. Paul—that only such faith as is active in charity and good works (fides caritate formata) possesses any power to justify man (cf. Galatians 5:6; 1

3126:

and other New Testament teachings, loving one another and being at peace with others, and walking in holiness are seen as "earmarks of the saved." Good works thus have an important role in the life of an Anabaptist believer, with the teaching "that faith without works is a dead faith" (cf.

6432:

James talks as if he were from Missouri, "Show me!" He says to the objector, "I can show you faith by my works". His works proved that his faith was active. But can the objector show faith without works? James knew what Matthew had said in the seventh chapter, "Ye shall know them by their

3626:

the act of believing, or any other evangelical obedience to them, as their righteousness; but by imputing the obedience and satisfaction of Christ unto them, they receiving and resting on Him and His righteousness by faith; which faith they have not of themselves, it is the gift of God.

3008:

Since James and Paul use the same Greek noun dikaiosune ("righteous") in reference to Abraham, and interpret the word in the same way (cf. Gn 15:6, Rm 4:3, Jm 2:23), it would be totally incongruous for one of them to use a different meaning of its verbal cognate dikaioo in reference to

1683:

in its ways and had lost sight of what he saw as several of the central truths of Christianity, the most important of which, for Luther, was the doctrine of justification—God's act of declaring a sinner righteous—by faith alone through God's grace. Therefore, he began to teach that

6886: 3405:

stated that "justification would have ended with me had I refused to be holy". While "faith is essential for a meaningful relationship with God, our relationship with God also takes shape through our care for people, the community, and creation itself." Methodism, inclusive of the

2749:...Luther's phrase: "faith alone" is true, if it is not opposed to faith in charity, in love. Faith is looking at Christ, entrusting oneself to Christ, being united to Christ, conformed to Christ, to his life. ... St Paul speaks of faith that works through love (cf. Gal 5: 14). 2260:) are seen as being in correspondence, with the latter fulfilling, clarifying, and expanding on the former, centering on God's love for us, and love to others. Thus a Lutheran or Reformed believer can claim that "the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good," ( 375: 3400:

Bishop Jones concludes that "Methodist doctrine thus understands true, saving faith to be the kind that, given time and opportunity, will result in good works. Any supposed faith that does not in fact lead to such behaviors is not genuine, saving faith." Methodist evangelist

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faith, which includes hope in God and love for him. Such a faith is active in love and thus the Christian cannot and should not remain without works. But whatever in the justified precedes or follows the free gift of faith is neither the basis of justification nor merits it.

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of forgiveness and justification, at the beginning of conversion. Moved by the Holy Spirit and by charity, we can then merit for ourselves and for others the graces needed for our sanctification, for the increase of grace and charity, and for the attainment of eternal

3552:

We believe that our blessedness lies in the forgiveness of our sins because of Jesus Christ, and that in it our righteousness before God is contained, as David and Paul teach us when they declare that man blessed to whom God grants righteousness apart from works.

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parties. God offers the relationship. The just, or righteous, person has received the offer, lives according to the covenant, and trusts in God's faithfulness. Justification by faith and faithful obedience to the covenant relationship are inseparable (Heb. 11).

2121:

Gospel, he teaches that we have been born again and justified by faith. For the promise concerning Christ is apprehended only by faith, when we set it against the terrors of sin and of death. James does not, therefore, think that we are born again by our works.

4748:

education in Christian faith and morals as a catechumen. For those early Christians, God's future judgment consisted only of payment (reward) or punishment (temporary) for how those Christians lived their lives before God—heaven or hell was not in question.

2822:

Thus the Catholic view could perhaps be interpreted as a progression or flow: first grace, then initial trust/repentance/conversion, then faith/hope/charity, combined with an emphasis that none of these elements should be isolated thus missing the package.

412:, who is often seen as a heretic by Catholics and as a forerunner by Protestants, has been argued to have been a very early witness to a Protestant view of justification. It has been argued that Marius Victorinus and Hilary of Poitiers taught faith alone. 2500:

emphasizes the importance of good works, Martin Luther sometimes referred to it as the "epistle of straw". Calvin on the other hand, while not intending to differ with Luther, wrote of the necessity of good works as a consequence or 'fruit' of faith. The

6496:

Two examples of Christian synergism are the Catholic reformer Erasmus, who was roughly contemporary with Luther, and the seventeenth-century Dutch theologian Arminius. John Wesley, founder of the Methodist tradition, was also a synergist with regard to

6272:

Catechism of Catholic Church, Paragraphs 2010, "Moved by the Holy Spirit and by charity, we can then merit for ourselves and for others the graces needed for our sanctification, for the increase of grace and charity, and for the attainment of eternal

476:

Whoever dies in his sins, even if he profess to believe in Christ, does not truly believe in him; and even if that which exists without works be called faith, such faith is dead in itself, as we read in the epistle bearing the name of James” – Origen

2988:

Countering the Lutheran and Reformed Christian explanation of James which holds that the word "justified" as James uses the term refers to a "vindication," rather than to a salvific justification, as Paul uses the term, are the following arguments:

2984:

Countering the Lutheran and Reformed Christian explanation of the epistle of James which states that James means that "men" witness Abraham's works, the Genesis text (Genesis 22) does not include any men as witness to Abraham's works, but only God

2943:

the sinner is justified by faith alone, meaning that nothing else is required to cooperate in order to obtain the grace of justification, and that it is not in any way necessary that he be prepared and disposed by the action of his own will (canon

2473:

contains almost two hundred statements that appear to imply that faith or belief is sufficient for salvation, for example: "Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live."

3560:

That is enough to cover all our sins and to make us confident, freeing the conscience from the fear, dread, and terror of God's approach, without doing what our first father, Adam, did, who trembled as he tried to cover himself with fig leaves.

2853:

and so believe sola fide is a misinterpretation on the part of Lutherans and that Paul was actually speaking about laws (such as Circumcision, Dietary laws, Sabbath, Temple rituals, etc.) that were considered essential for the Jews of the time.

2296:

answer questions about the nature, function, and meaning of justification quite differently. These issues include: Is justification an event occurring instantaneously or is it an ongoing process? Is justification effected by divine action alone

3694:

We are accounted righteous before God only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, by faith, and not for our own works or deservings. Wherefore, that we are justified by faith, only, is a most wholesome doctrine, and very full of

6894: 4964:

Ullmann, I. 91, 149 sqq., asserts that Goch stated the doctrine of justification by faith alone. Clemen and the writer in Wetzer-Welte modify this judgment. Walch, as quoted by Ullmann, p. 150, gives 9 points in which Goch anticipated the

2139:

James, therefore, did not believe that by good works we merit the remission of sins and grace. For he speaks of the works of those who have been justified, who have already been reconciled and accepted, and have obtained remission of

3255:– typically translated as 'salvation' – is translated "health" or "strength" because food will assist their deliverance from physical death. Spiritually, salvation is seen as referring to deliverance from the eternal penalty of sin ( 397:"By faith alone one is freely forgiven of all sins and the believer is no longer burdened by the Law for meriting good works. Our works, however, are demonstrative of our faith and will determine whether we are ultimately justified" 5101:

Selected passages from Martin Luther, "Commentary on Galatians (1538)" as translated in Herbert J. A. Bouman, "The Doctrine of Justification in the Lutheran Confessions," Concordia Theological Monthly 26 (November 1955) No. 11:801.

3043:

Like Paul, James concludes that if one chooses the system of law and desires God to evaluate him on that basis without the benefit of grace, he must then obey the whole law without fault. For one fault, the law will utterly condemn

1695:"This one and firm rock, which we call the doctrine of justification," insisted Luther, "is the chief article of the whole Christian doctrine, which comprehends the understanding of all godliness." He also called this doctrine the 2417:, verses 14–26, discusses faith and works, starting with verse 14, "What doth it profit, my brethren, though a man say he hath faith, and have not works? Can faith save him?" In verse 20 it says that faith without works is dead. 2188:"Faith alone justifies but a justified person with faith alone would be a monstrosity which never exists in the kingdom of grace. Faith works itself out through love (Gal. 5:6). And Faith without works is dead (James 2:17–20)." 2518:

continues to divide the Reformation churches, including many Lutherans, Reformed, and others, from other denominations. Some statements of the doctrine are interpreted as a denial of the doctrine as understood by other groups.

3104:... salvation by faith through grace, but such faith must bear “visible fruit in repentance, conversion, regeneration, obedience, and a new life dedicated to the love of God and the neighbor, by the power of the Holy Spirit.” 4170:

flow in the United Methodist Church, got into trouble with some of his Lutheran, Reformed, and Mennonite neighbors because he insisted that salvation not only involved ritual but meant a change of heart, a different way of

2981:

sense that Paul says man is justified by faith. Puzzled by James's language, Martin Luther even concluded that the epistle of James was a spurious book and should not be canonically authoritative for New Testament teaching.

2777:

1992. Justification has been merited for us by the Passion of Christ who offered himself on the cross as a living victim, holy and pleasing to God, and whose blood has become the instrument of atonement for the sins of all

7467:

Reformed Arminianism's understanding of apostasy veers from the Wesleyan notion that individuals may repeatedly fall from grace by committing individual sins and may be repeatedly restored to a state of grace through

6555:

3410:, thus teaches that "justification conditional on obedience and progress in sanctification", emphasizing "a deep reliance upon Christ not only in coming to faith, but in remaining in the faith". The believer who is 2087:). These works, however, are not a cause of forgiveness but a result of forgiveness. Faith alone justifies but faith is never alone. It is followed by works. In short, works of love are the goal of the saving faith ( 3527:

Justification is God's gracious and full acquittal upon principles of His righteousness of all sinners who repent and believe in Christ. Justification brings the believer unto a relationship of peace and favor with

3324:"It is incumbent on all that are justified to be zealous of good works," says Wesley, "And these are so necessary that if a man willingly neglects them, he cannot reasonably expect that he shall ever be sanctified." 647:). If so God's verdict and potential pardon is from genuinely held Christian faith (or in a few more liberal sects, all of Christ's principles) rather than anything in the sinner. This contrasts with other supposed 537: 3036:

One of the most heinous in the catalogue of sins that James specifies is sin of the tongue. What is "said" to God and man is of the utmost importance to James and a major criterion on how the individual will be

243:, and instead emphasizes a "faith that works"; Anabaptists teach that "justification a dynamic process by which the believer partook of the nature of Christ and was so enabled to live increasingly like Jesus." 4412: 2950:

the justice received is not preserved and also not increased before God through good works, but those works are merely the fruits and signs of justification obtained, but not the cause of its increase (canon

2156:

t is taught on our part that it is necessary to do good works, not that we should trust to merit grace by them, but because it is the will of God. It is only by faith that forgiveness of sins is apprehended

385:

Thomas Schreiner asserted that because justification wasn't a big issue in the patristic period, "thus the theology isn’t always integrated or consistent", however Schreiner argued that people such as

7833: 441:

does not make enough statements on salvation, he could have been either believed sola fide or that both works and faith are needed, but it is unclear which one he believed from his few statements.

5467:, p. 71, n. 61, "Luther did not, of course, invent this phrase. The German Bible published at Nürnberg in 1483 translated Gal 2:16 as "gerechtfertigt ... nur durch den Glauben". Further, the term 2485:"Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness." ( 6611:

which at the same time clearly rejects salvation by works, is a healthy synergistic antidote to any antinomian tendencies that might result from (distorted) jurdicial understandings of salvation.

3603:: By no means; for the holy scripture declares that no unchaste person, idolater, adulterer, thief, covetous man, drunkard, slanderer, robber, or any such like, shall inherit the kingdom of God. 8045: 5923:, "We also say that love ought to follow faith, as Paul also says, Gal. 5:6: For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision availeth anything, nor uncircumcision, but faith which worketh by love." 3022:

The entire context of the book of James concerns what one must do to be saved. He concentrates on obedience to the law as the means of salvation, and judgment for those who disobey that law.

2386:

lives, this consequence of justification is also for them an obligation they must fulfill. Thus both Jesus and the apostolic Scriptures admonish Christians to bring forth the works of love.

6326:

The Catechism of the Catholic Church is clear in stating that we merit salvation in part by our works. Read paragraphs 1987 through 2029, note especially 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2019, 2027.

7041:

Peter Riedemann's Hutterite Confession of Faith: Translation of the 1565 German Edition of "Confession of Our Religion, Teaching, and Faith By the Brothers Who Are Known as the Hutterites"

3240:“Although the believer can never lose his eternal life, he can be in danger of destroying his spiritual life and losing all the blessings that “God has prepared for those who love him”. 2842:), Eucharist for the participation in Jesus' sacrifice, and penance for the confession of lapses of faith and charity and the assignment of prayers/actions to rejoin faith and charity. 2432:

theologians summarize James 2: "we are justified/declared righteous by people when they see the good works we do as a result of our faith and they conclude that our faith is sincere."

3242:

This view is primarily taught by Southern Baptist, Independent Baptist, Plymouth Brethren, Non-Denominational and Calvary Chapel churches, although it is not a majority within them.

4132:

witness of the Holy Spirit and is maintained by faith and obedience. Entire sanctification enables believers to love God with all their heart and love their neighbors as themselves.

2460:

of the same chapter ("For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it"), James too denies works as a means to obtain forgiveness:

3756:

We believe in ... the Salvation of lost and sinful man through the shed blood of the Lord Jesus Christ by faith apart from works, and regeneration by the Holy Spirit ...

521:

believed that faith alone was sufficient for salvation, Julian of Toledo made statements such as "all effort of human argument must be suspended where faith alone is sufficient".

5471:

was well established in the Catholic tradition, having been used by Origen, Hilary, Chrysostom, Augustine, Bernard, Aquinas, and others but without Luther's particular nuances."

3025:

James includes sins of commission as well as omission in his warning against disobedience to the law. The supreme law, or "royal law," that James has in view is the law of love.

2940:

man can be justified before God by his own works, whether done by his own natural powers or through the teaching of the law, without divine grace through Jesus Christ (canon 1);

3748: 2965:

Corinthians 13:2), whilst faith devoid of charity and good works (fides informis) is a dead faith and in the eyes of God insufficient for justification (cf. James 2:17 sqq.)

246:

The doctrine of justification by faith alone and the role of repentance has been interpreted differently by different Protestants, causing multiple controversies such as the

6380: 6305: 6282:

Catechism of Catholic Church, Paragraphs 2027, "we can merit for ourselves and for others all the graces needed to attain eternal life, as well as necessary temporal goods."

6040: 3829: 7782: 6241: 5986: 3818: 6765:

convert and to recover the grace of justification. The Fathers of the Church present this sacrament as "the second plank after the shipwreck which is the loss of grace."

1724:

death a thousand times trusting in it." This faith grasps Christ's righteousness and appropriates it for the believer. He explained his concept of "justification" in the

2870:, specifically, the form of grace known as "sanctifying grace", and which first floods the soul at baptism, which empowers one's ability both to believe and to perform 3139:

produce good works. Balthasar Hubmaier wrote that "faith by itself alone is not worthy to be called faith, for there can be no true faith without the works of love."

434:

taught that faith was the basis of salvation, however he also believed that faith was also the basis of "gnosis" which for him mean spiritual and mystical knowledge.

898: 428:

are consistent with the doctrine of faith alone, claiming that faith is the foundation of justification, but that he is not very clear on his view of justification.

3845:

5. Regarding the way in which salvation is appropriated by the believers, Lutherans, by teaching that justification and salvation are by grace alone through faith (

3300:, justification refers to "pardon, the forgiveness of sins", rather than "being made actually just and righteous", which Methodists believe is accomplished through 3151:

serve the God of heaven. But they continued in their abominable practices. God was not pleased with their service, and their children followed in their footsteps. (

1613: 2334:

has suggested that the differences are in emphasis and concepts rather than doctrine, since Catholic and Orthodox Christians concede works are not the basis of

1699:("article of the standing and falling church"): "if this article stands, the Church stands; if it falls, the Church falls." For Lutherans this doctrine is the 6224: 3169:

tradition (who teach salvation by "faith that works") have argued that being a disciple of Jesus by careful obedience to New Testament commands (such as the

1753:). All have sinned and are justified freely, without their own works and merits, by His grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, in His blood ( 3001:

so only in a metaphorical sense; therefore they do not use dikaioo in the same way that James, and even Paul, use the term, which is historical and literal.

6394: 6066: 3142:

Anabaptists "dismissed the Lutheran doctrine of justification, a dead faith as they called it, which was unable to produce Christian love and good works."

7872: 6144: 5067: 333:

wickedness. Some see Clement as believing in faith alone but that faith will lead into doing good works, while some others have argued that Clement held

6408: 8029: 2391: 1791:

Word and Baptism. Faith is seen as an instrument that receives the gift of salvation, not something that causes salvation. Thus, Lutherans reject the "

3086:

muted the call to imitate Christ by excusing anti-Christian behavior generally, and justifying violence towards fellow Christians in particular. True

2405:

clearly teaches that salvation is obtained by a combination of both faith and good works, which are considered to be a human response to God's grace.

5844:(1530), Luther's Works, 55 vols. (St. Louis and Philadelphia: Concordia Publishing House and Fortress Press), 35:187–189, 195; cf. also Heinz Bluhm, 2818:. Grace, by uniting us to Christ in active love, ensures the supernatural quality of our acts and consequently their merit before God and before men. 676:

churches but neither the Roman Catholic nor the Eastern Orthodox churches affirm it. These Protestant traditions exclude all human works (except the

5342:

Popular symbolics [microform]: the doctrines of the churches of Christendom and of other religious bodies examined in the light of Scripture

4835: 1852:

Historically, the expression—"justification by faith alone"— has appeared in a number of Catholic bible translations: the Nuremberg Bible (1483) in

6291:

Catechism of Catholic Church, Paragraphs 2036, "The authority of the Magisterium extends also to the specific precepts of the natural law, because

3567:

Therefore everyone must say with David: "Lord, do not enter into judgment with your servants, for before you no living person shall be justified."

2374:." Protestants in every country surveyed except Norway are more likely to say that both good deeds and faith in God are necessary for salvation. 1807:)—saints because they are holy in God's eyes, for Christ's sake, and do works that please him; sinners because they continue to sin until death. 3564:

In fact, if we had to appear before God relying—no matter how little—on ourselves or some other creature, then, alas, we would be swallowed up.

8608: 7973: 2902: 2835: 2218:

sanctification as necessarily linked to justification leads one to wonder how the caricatures continue to be perpetuated without foundation.

481:

is not sufficient for salvation; neither is righteous living secure in itself of salvation, if it is disjoined from faith – Gregory of Nyssa

6263:

Catechism of Catholic Church, Paragraphs 2068, "all men may attain salvation through faith, Baptism and the observance of the Commandments."

3585:: Since then we are delivered from our misery, merely of grace, through Christ, without any merit of ours, why must we still do good works? 2448:

willing obedience to God's holy will. James emphasized that a faith which did not show that it was living faith was really not faith at all.

1971:

and Luther acknowledged this fact, but he defended his translation by maintaining that the adverb "alone" was required by idiomatic German:

688:

stands or falls. Thus, "faith alone" is foundational to Lutheranism and Reformed Christianity, and as a formula distinguishes it from other

235:(entire sanctification) is essential for salvation; maintenance of sanctification is contingent on continual faith in and obedience to God. 8700: 7824: 5877: 5208: 4777:

deliver them some time from the continuance of that fire, though it be with loss, since those things they have built on it shall be burned.

4377: 2875: 1980:

But it is the nature of our German language that in speaking of two things, one of which is affirmed and the other denied, we use the word

3417:

Richard P. Bucher contrasts this position with the Lutheran one, discussing an analogy put forth by the founder of the Methodist Church,

1606: 5809: 2879: 8695: 8139: 2752: 7699: 4790: 2925:) and of no profit, and in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth anything nor uncircumcision, but faith that worketh by charity ( 2420:

The Defense of the Augsburg Confession rejects the idea that the Epistle of James contradicts the Lutheran teaching on Justification.

7981: 200:

calls "works of the law", which sola fide proponents interpret as including not only moral, legal or ceremonial requirements but any

8061: 1732:

The first and chief article is this: Jesus Christ, our God and Lord, died for our sins and was raised again for our justification (

416:

wrote that our own merits do not justify us and that we are justified by faith alone, however works should follow from that faith.

8345: 5828:λογιζόμεθα γάρ δικαιоῦσθαι πίστει ἄνθρωπον χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου ("for we reckon a man to be justified by faith without deeds of law") 4949:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 2955:

grace, eternal life, and in case he dies in grace, the attainment of eternal life itself and also an increase of glory (canon 32).

7915: 6167: 2478:) and especially Paul's words in Romans, "Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law." ( 5906: 5002: 3375:

Methodist soteriology emphasizes the importance of the pursuit of holiness in salvation. Thus, for Wesley, "true faith ...

3721: 1841:, the rallying cry of the Lutheran cause, and the chief distinction of the Lutheran and Reformed branches of Christianity from 1599: 972: 871: 17: 2774:

1991. With justification, faith, hope, and charity are poured into our hearts, and obedience to the divine will is granted us.

730: 8515: 7434: 7381: 7354: 7215: 7188: 7161: 6998: 6973: 6925: 6866: 6706: 5936: 4872: 4845: 4683: 4598: 4235: 4124: 4048: 4015: 3975: 2492:

The precise relationship between faith and good works remains an area of controversy in some Protestant traditions (see also

2172:

is an unbeliever...Thus, it is just as impossible to separate faith and works as it is to separate heat and light from fire!

752: 493:

According to Ken Wilson, Augustine criticized unnamed individuals who held to a stronger view of faith alone as espoused by

6313: 4862: 4090: 2164:, is recorded as stating, "Works are necessary for salvation but they do not cause salvation; for faith alone gives life." 876: 366:

taught that works do not justify a person, but instead faith, he also argued that the book supports imputed righteousness.

112: 5994: 4480:"History of the Christian Church, Volume II: Ante-Nicene Christianity. A.D. 100–325 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 3202:

confessed that we cannot be saved by means of anything other than by the merits, intercession, death, and blood of Christ.

345:

The Epistle to Diognetus talks much about the human inability to merit justification themselves by their own good works.

8690: 7095: 5156: 2658: 2435:

In answer to another question on James 2:24 as well as Romans 3:23–24, the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod replied:

4328:"A Righteousness Apart from the Law That Is Not against the Law: The Story and Message of The Marrow of Modern Divinity" 3414:(cleansed "from all inward sin and empowered for service") maintains his/her salvation by "faith and obedience" to God. 8629: 7997: 5106: 4673: 3354:

Faith is "an unspeakable blessing" because "it leads to that end, the establishing anew the law of love in our hearts".

2947:

the commandments of God are, even for one that is justified and constituted in grace, impossible to observe (canon 18);

2098: 1552: 8306: 7820: 231:

affirms a belief in justification by faith that offers God's forgiveness, but holds that holy living with the goal of

8535: 8480: 8340: 7666: 7613: 7588: 7560: 7489: 7073: 7048: 6841: 6603: 6518: 6489: 6177: 6152: 5436: 4195: 4156: 3739:

The justification of the sinner solely by the grace of God through faith in Christ crucified and risen from the dead.

3189:), is "crucial evidence that an individual has repented, believed, and yielded to Christ." The Anabaptist theologian 2245:

However, most understand that the "righteousness of the law" is to be fulfilled by those who are justified by faith (

559: 5732: 2029: 8459: 8187: 7023: 6890: 6461:

Wilson, Kenneth (2020). "Reading James 2:18–20 with Anti-Donatist Eyes: Untangling Augustine's Exegetical Legacy".

6193: 5582: 4895:"History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294–1517 – Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 4354: 3701: 3661: 3507:

His death, has made satisfaction for our sins. This faith God imputes for righteousness in His sight. Rom. 3 and 4.

3365:

This end, the law of love ruling in our hearts, is the fullest expression of salvation; it is Christian perfection.

3152: 2898: 2886: 2764:

1989. Justification is not only the remission of sins, but also the sanctification and renewal of the interior man.

2757: 2402: 2181: 1680: 1494: 1271: 809: 6807: 5707: 5682: 5657: 5632: 5557: 3116: 1963:

controversially so that it read: "So now we hold, that man is justified without the help of the works of the law,

7965: 5607: 3665: 3632: 1864: 1564: 959: 7868: 5063: 4706: 3557:

merits and leaning and resting on the sole obedience of Christ crucified, which is ours when we believe in him.

2479: 8710: 8705: 8505: 8500: 8335: 8172: 8149: 8107: 8013: 7848: 7268: 5532: 5043: 3297: 3162: 2486: 2227:

Many Catholics see the exclusion of "works of the law" as only referring to works done for salvation under the

2080:). Ephesians goes on to say that every person who has faith is to produce good works, according to God's plan ( 1878: 259: 6112: 4919: 4675:

The Righteousness of One: An Evaluation of Early Patristic Soteriology in Light of the New Perspective on Paul

3128: 8454: 8328: 7989: 7940: 7864: 6412: 5059: 3597:: Cannot they then be saved, who, continuing in their wicked and ungrateful lives, are not converted to God? 3194: 2475: 1939: 720: 310:

indicates that Clement of Rome held works to be meritorious and holding works to be a part of justification.

5375: 5371: 4450: 4063:). The Reformed and Lutheran churches said that Rome essentially required faith and works for justification. 3115:

To believe is to obey God's Word—be it unto death or life—in the sure confidence that it leads to the best.

2496:). Even at the outset of the Reformation, subtle differences of emphasis appeared. For example, because the 8510: 8180: 5391: 5355: 4588: 3885: 2705:

Sanctification is not guarenteed nor necessary for salvation, however it is necessary for eternal rewards.

1283: 680:, which form the basis of justification) from the legal verdict (or pardon) of justification. According to 505:

Early medieval thinkers whose statements on faith that have been interpreted as preceding Luther's include

5407: 8311: 8276: 8093: 8077: 7908: 7828: 7749: 7703: 6449: 5147:, 55 vols. (St. Louis and Philadelphia: Concordia Publishing House and Fortress Press, 1955–1986), 34:337 3918: 3135:

works—in the sense of two separate entities—are necessary for salvation, but rather that true faith will

2210: 1070: 794: 177: 6721: 6672: 5306: 4278: 2109:

clearly teaches that the recipients of the letter have been justified by God through the saving Gospel (

8685: 8464: 8115: 8037: 7935: 7526: 7232: 6539: 3765: 3705: 3040:

Both Paul and James speak of the works of love that one must add to his faith in order to be justified.

2091: 2077: 1890: 1707:. They believe justification by grace alone through faith alone in Christ's righteousness alone is the 1669: 7451: 7307: 6125:. Johann K. Irmischer, ed. Vol. 63 (Erlangen: Heyder and Zimmer, 1854), pp. 124–125. August 1994 3005:

that Abraham was justified. Therefore, one cannot understand Abraham's justification as a vindication.

2453: 2084: 1856: 1757: 1736: 8560: 8544: 8419: 8266: 7285: 6624: 5345:. Internet Archive. St. Louis, Missouri: Concordia Publishing House. pp. 54–55, Part XIV. "Sin". 3850: 3533: 2378: 2051: 2012:

was used in theological traditions before him and this adverb makes Paul's intended meaning clearer:

1909: 1711:, the core of the Christian faith around which all other Christian doctrines are centered and based. 1685: 1453: 1276: 1122: 658: 224: 7398: 2161: 1676: 1662: 8318: 8243: 7511: 7122: 5920: 4731: 3308:, the founder of the Methodist Churches, taught that the keeping of the moral law contained in the 3276:

a more strong form of free grace theology deny that every Christian will bear fruit in their life.

3256: 2588: 2264: 2177: 2088: 2081: 2074: 2062: 2048: 1960: 1853: 1750: 1666: 1639: 1443: 1246: 866: 799: 208: 105: 5783: 4920:"The forms of communication employed by the Protestant Reformers and especially Luther and Calvin" 4117:

The Complete Guide to Christian Denominations: Understanding the History, Beliefs, and Differences

2370:) leads to salvation, the position that Martin Luther made a central rallying cry of 16th-century 2249: 2129: 2113: 1764: 541:

Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples taught the doctrine of justification by faith alone before Martin Luther

8635: 8069: 7650: 5382:. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934, p. 101 Part XXV. "The Church", paragraph 141. 5326: 4590:

Faith Alone – The Doctrine of Justification: What the Reformers Taught...and Why It Still Matters

4167: 4008:

The Word Became Flesh: A Rapprochement of Christian Natural Law and Radical Christological Ethics

3725: 3182: 3033:

be justified, must persevere to his last breath in this conscious decision to add works to faith.

2850: 2239: 2044: 1743: 1515: 1499: 1362: 1010: 936: 804: 689: 413: 5872: 5212: 4977: 1772:

Martin Luther, "The Smalcald Articles" in Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions, Part 2, Article 1

8592: 8485: 8220: 7901: 6091: 5398:. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934, p. 87 Part XXIII. "Baptism", paragraph 118. 4301: 3952:

Sola Scriptura: Biblical and Theological Perspectives on Scripture, Authority, and Hermeneutics

3268: 3227: 3058: 2760:(labeled by paragraph number) are useful for understanding the Catholic view of justification. 1945: 1838: 1643: 1424: 1308: 1040: 883: 856: 707: 644: 603: 591: 349: 247: 43: 7658: 7630: 5414:. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934, p. 57 Part XV. "Conversion", paragraph 78. 5362:. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934, p. 57 Part XV. "Conversion", paragraph 78. 2469:

Lutheran and Reformed Protestants, as well as others, base the sola fide on the fact that the

2315:)? Is justification permanent or can it be lost? What is the relationship of justification to 294:

is a witness to the doctrine of faith alone. However there is much controversy about his views

8399: 8394: 8295: 8271: 8157: 8085: 7809: 7799: 7786: 7762: 7260: 7254: 5815: 5318: 4647: 3943: 3913: 3908: 3291: 3215:

Lewis Sperry Chafer (1871 – 1952) who was a major influence upon many Free Grace theologians.

2429: 2261: 2246: 1957: 1915: 1754: 1733: 1673: 1647: 1571: 1448: 1414: 1394: 1330: 893: 861: 816: 640: 636: 615: 461: 431: 307: 185: 5278: 5274: 1815: 1318: 352:

has a clear rejection of the faith alone doctrine, instead holding works to have merit. The

7455: 7180:

A Defense of Free Grace Theology: With Respect to Saving Faith, Perseverance, and Assurance

7153:

A Defense of Free Grace Theology: With Respect to Saving Faith, Perseverance, and Assurance

6543: 5792:

So halten wyrs nu, das der mensch gerechtfertiget werde, on zu thun der werck des gesetzs,

5314: 5310: 3683: 3490: 3477: 3447: 3411: 2452:

A Lutheran exegesis further points out that James is simply reaffirming Jesus' teaching in

2371: 2305: 2280: 1468: 1335: 1261: 1256: 1241: 1149: 1090: 1075: 1055: 1020: 888: 525: 506: 329: 232: 6225:"Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded" 6080: 6028: 6016: 5270: 4511:"Justification, Good Works, and Creation in Clement of Rome's Appropriation of Romans 5–6" 651:, such as priestly confession and rituals such as weekly taking of the sacrament. See the 639:(or attributed) by God to sinners coming to a state of true, loving belief (as opposed to 381:

has been argued to have taught similar views of justification as the Protestant reformers.

281: 8: 8680: 8658: 8424: 8256: 8130: 8123: 5003:"How did Savonarola influence the Reformation and Counter-Reformation – DailyHistory.org" 4479: 4040: 3871: 3513: 3301: 3219: 2723: 2689: 2457: 2363: 2331: 2253: 2149: 2102: 1968: 1927: 1589: 1537: 1482: 1463: 1340: 1181: 1176: 1139: 987: 903: 614:(which spelt the end of Eden). God, the faith holds, sent his only Son in human form, to 587: 571: 551: 532: 494: 359: 325: 314: 236: 98: 5424: 8600: 8584: 8576: 8552: 8444: 8370: 8164: 7957: 7680: 7634: 6427: 5168: 4618: 4538: 3388: 2666: 2350:

below). Further, many Protestant churches actually hold more nuanced positions such as

2293: 1933: 1700: 1506: 1377: 1313: 1288: 1216: 1127: 1015: 1004: 925: 789: 747: 673: 607: 550:

The doctrine of faith alone precedes Martin Luther in the theologies of many so-called

417: 404: 255: 157: 149: 6368: 5322: 5294: 5290: 5266: 5262: 3131:) occupying a cornerstone in Anabaptist Christianity. Anabaptists do not teach faith 1650:. As he studied these portions of the Bible, he came to view the use of terms such as 1438: 8439: 8323: 8261: 8100: 7684: 7672: 7662: 7609: 7584: 7556: 7485: 7430: 7377: 7350: 7264: 7211: 7184: 7157: 7069: 7044: 7019: 6994: 6969: 6921: 6862: 6837: 6702: 6599: 6569: 6514: 6485: 6388: 6173: 6060: 5858: 5432: 4868: 4841: 4679: 4594: 4542: 4530: 4231: 4191: 4152: 4120: 4044: 4011: 3981: 3971: 3903: 3407: 3285: 2744: 2737:

and that, by this faith alone, absolution and justification are effected; let him be

2717: 2682: 1842: 1792: 1725: 1520: 1510: 1384: 1372: 1345: 1251: 1236: 982: 917: 826: 701: 677: 628:) sinners may receive pardon (justification), which is granted solely through faith. 563: 510: 216: 212: 173: 2342:, and most Protestants accept the need for repentance and the primacy of grace (see 2242:) or any system in which one earns eternal life on the basis of the merit of works. 1882:(2008), in Galatians 2:16, reads in part: "but only through faith in Jesus Christ" ( 566:(c. 1400 – 1475). The doctrine of sola fide also seems to appear in the doctrine of 8434: 8414: 8378: 8251: 7860: 7654: 6834:

Not By Faith Alone The Biblical Evidence for the Catholic Doctrine of Justification

6207: 5507: 5055: 4629: 4522: 4423: 4255: 4059:, a contrast is being made with Rome's doctrine that faith must be formed by love ( 3963: 3959: 3309: 3231: 2913: 2846:

is rejected only as far is it would ignore or reject grace or the New Commandment.

2729: 2642: 2497: 2444: 2439: 2414: 2236: 2126: 2110: 2106: 2073:". In other words, it is by faith alone since all human efforts are excluded here ( 2041: 1704: 1635: 1557: 1404: 1266: 1211: 1186: 941: 685: 518: 457: 197: 169: 6784: 5933: 2377:

The Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (JDDJ), signed by both the

8621: 7840: 7424: 7371: 7344: 7205: 7178: 7151: 5940: 5881: 5234: 5110: 4948: 4894: 3898: 3143: 3053: 2969: 1903: 1897: 1659: 1458: 1433: 1357: 1231: 1165: 1095: 555: 386: 363: 165: 87: 6942: 4094: 8289: 8230: 8225: 8053: 8021: 7792: 6338: 4760: 4633: 4163: 3380: 3317: 3313: 3260: 3223: 2572: 2493: 2443:

Galatians, Romans, Colossians) that we are saved by grace through faith alone.

2316: 1796: 1784: 1761: 1747: 1740: 1631: 1547: 1542: 1532: 1409: 1144: 1085: 1060: 997: 992: 977: 851: 648: 624: 465: 321: 303: 291: 145: 78: 51: 8409: 7724: 6991:

Paul Tschetter: The Story of a Hutterite Immigrant Leader, Pioneer, and Pastor

4559: 4526: 4427: 3967: 8674: 8568: 8238: 7924: 7646: 6306:"Salvation by Works Questioned – Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS)" 4534: 3985: 3893: 3402: 3264: 3235: 2470: 1830: 1655: 1627: 1486: 1352: 1117: 1080: 1050: 1045: 681: 567: 299: 161: 7887: 6445: 5411: 5395: 5379: 5359: 5103: 2793:

with the prompting of the Holy Spirit who precedes and preserves his assent.

2343: 8520: 8429: 8005: 7853:

Reformed Faith & Practice: The Journal of Reformed Theological Seminary

7631:"Worship: Sacraments, Liturgy, Hymnody, Preaching – Liturgical Revolutions" 6797:

Bartmann, "St. Paulus u. St. Jacobus und die Rechtertigung", Freiburg, 1897

6649: 5757: 5340: 5048:

Reformed Faith & Practice: The Journal of Reformed Theological Seminary

4619:"RESISTANCE TO THE VIRGINAL IDEAL IN LATE-FOURTH-CENTURY ROME: THE CASE OF" 3190: 3186: 2867: 2839: 2198: 2047:), faith being a unity with Christ in the Spirit naturally issues in love ( 1921: 1689: 1525: 967: 930: 841: 653: 619: 577: 390: 5583:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – Amplified Bible, Classic Edition" 5185:. Saint Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2005, 289, Part two, Article 1. 3801: 3161:

they, and even worse. John clearly states in what way they walk in truth!

2838:

relate to each: baptism for the removal of sin (in the case of an infant,

1787:

follows justification as a consequence, but is not part of justification.

8652: 8495: 8386: 8215: 8210: 7741: 6482:

The Mosaic of Christian Belief: Twenty Centuries of Unity & Diversity

4327: 3923: 3473: 3418: 3305: 2909:. A mortal sin makes justification lost, even if faith is still present. 2732:(1545–1563), the Catholic Church cautioned against an extreme version of 2327: 2320: 2311: 2276: 1846: 1419: 1389: 1367: 1226: 1171: 1134: 1109: 831: 757: 669: 611: 599: 251: 153: 69: 7606:

Living as United Methodist Christians: Our Story, Our Beliefs, Our Lives

6041:"James 2:24 – Faith alone – Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS)" 3211: 3065:

in keeping with biblical and patristic teachings on headship and modesty

2785:

between God's grace and man's freedom. On man's part it is expressed by

8490: 8449: 7233:"Perpetually Carnal, Yet Eternally Secure? – Grace Evangelical Society" 3108: 3097: 3075: 3062: 2906: 2871: 2510: 2502: 2257: 2228: 1156: 955: 836: 777: 772: 598:" (good deeds). Without God's input, mankind, Christianity asserts, is 595: 514: 201: 193: 181: 35: 6293:

their observance, demanded by the Creator, is necessary for salvation.

4648:"Saint Clement of Alexandria Biography, Apologist, Works, & Facts" 2319:, the process whereby sinners become righteous and are enabled by the 302:

faith alone was not clearly taught by most church fathers, except for

7308:"Are There Any Free Grace Denominations? – Grace Evangelical Society" 7063: 6381:"Errors of Catholicism - Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS)" 5533:"Bible Gateway passage: Galati 2:16 – Conferenza Episcopale Italiana" 3650:

his death; and this applied in the manifestation of it through faith.

3178: 3170: 2831: 2632:

Salvation is dependent on upon both justification and sanctification

2617: 2299: 2284: 2231:, versus works of faith which are held as meritorious for salvation. 1739:). He alone is the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world ( 1399: 1191: 846: 782: 334: 228: 7286:"What Denominations Hold to Free Grace? – Grace Evangelical Society" 2926: 472:

held that both faith and works are part of the process of salvation.

393:

had similarities to the views of justification as the reformers did:

356:

also appears to see works as meritorious, though not unambigiously.

8525: 8300: 7064:

Dyck, C. J., Keeney, W. E., Beachy, A. J., eds. (1 February 1992).

5449:

Justification: The Doctrine of Karl Barth and a Catholic Reflection

4936:

the wine and bread in turned into the real body and blood of Christ

4510: 3879: 2918: 2901:

justification is conferred in baptism, the sacrament of faith. The

2863: 2738: 2596: 2167:

In his Introduction to Romans, Luther stated that saving faith is,

1779: 767: 762: 453: 438: 409: 378: 8046:

The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics

7805: 7676: 5796:

durch den glawben (emphasis added to the German word for 'alone.')

4978:"John Wycliffe Was an English Bible Translator and Early Reformer" 4864:

Reading the Christian Spiritual Classics: A Guide for Evangelicals

2611:

Justification is separate from and occurs prior to sanctification

2505:

tended to make a nominal distinction between faith and obedience.

286: 8404: 3865: 3296:

Methodism affirms the doctrine of justification by faith, but in

3174: 2936:

In its canons, the Council condemned the following propositions:

2922: 2827: 2806:

2010. Since the initiative belongs to God in the order of grace,

2771:

which contradicts the love of God, and purifies his heart of sin.

2362:). According to a 2017 survey conducted in Western Europe by the 1651: 1584: 1221: 821: 489:

and who had lacked only faith in the Lord – Clement of Alexandria

485:

good works furthered his reception of faith” – Gregory the Great

449: 353: 7893: 5608:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – GOD'S WORD Translation" 4202:

This balance is most evident in Wesley's understanding of faith

3458:

emphasizes both faith and obedience as normative for salvation:

2930: 2905:

enables recovery of justification, if lost through committing a

2252:). The Mosaic law and the principles of the gospel (such as the 7642: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6773: 5633:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – Good News Translation" 4036: 3955: 2702:

Cannot be lost, not even in cases of apostasy or carnal living

2288: 1824: 1708: 1065: 594:

is granted to and received through faith alone, excluding all "

469: 445: 425: 6747:

Justification is conferred in Baptism, the sacrament of faith.

5293:

refers to acceptance of the truth of Christ's teaching, while

2344:§ Lutheran World Federation and the Roman Catholic Church 7038: 6836:. Santa Barbara, CA: Queenship Publishing. pp. 172–175. 3247: 3123: 374: 6770: 6428:"When You're a Christian...The Whole World Is From Missouri" 6113:"Luther, An Introduction to St. Paul's Letter to the Romans" 5708:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – Names of God Bible" 4188:

Evangelical Dictionary of Theology (Baker Reference Library)

2789:

to the Word of God, which invites him to conversion, and in

239:

categorically rejects the Lutheran and Reformed doctrine of

5987:"Faith Alone - Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS)" 5848:(St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1965), pp. 125–137. 5251:

It is only by faith that forgiveness of sins is apprehended

4093:. Lexington: Lutheran Church Missouri Synod. Archived from 2878:) which perfects the Christian throughout his or her life ( 2521: 2381:

and the Roman Catholic Church on 31 October 1999 declares:

2135:

According to the Defense of the Augsburg Confession again,

2061:, the place of works is found in the second chapter of the 1889:

The "faith alone" expression also appears in at least nine

1859:("δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ... διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ") has " 684:, justification by faith alone is the article on which the 661:

considered more broadly than justification by faith alone.

6570:"Chapter Three: Sanctification and the Order of Salvation" 6079:

The Defense of the Augsburg Confession, IV Justification,

6027:

The Defense of the Augsburg Confession, IV Justification,

6015:

The Defense of the Augsburg Confession, IV Justification,

5894:

Romans, A New Translation with introduction and Commentary

4837:

Historical Theology: An Introduction to Christian Doctrine

184:

churches. The doctrine asserts that it is on the basis of

7700:"Means of Grace: Why I am a Methodist and an Evangelical" 6117:

Luther's German Bible of 1522 by Martin Luther, 1483–1546

5558:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – Amplified Bible" 4791:"Reformation parallels: the case of Gottschalk of Orbais" 3480:, specifically Article XI "Of the Justification of Man": 2849:

Some scholars of Early Christianity are adherents of the

602:, meaning its actions and omissions are afflicted by the 320:

can be found in some apostolic fathers. He contends that

189: 7890:(Article stating that faith without works is impossible) 7207:

Absolutely Free!: A Biblical Reply to Lordship Salvation

6887:"Early Anabaptist Interpretation of the Letter of James" 6859:

The New Westminster Dictionary of Christian Spirituality

5092:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 88–94. 3950:. In Burger, Hans; Huijgen, Arnold; Peels, Eric (eds.). 3193:

rebuffed the Lutheran charge of legalism by referencing

2408: 1967:

through faith". The word "alone" does not appear in the

1692:, attainable exclusively through faith in Jesus Christ. 578:

Centrality in the doctrine of the Protestant Reformation

4761:"CHURCH FATHERS: City of God, Book XXI (St. Augustine)" 3802:

Lutheran World Federation and the Roman Catholic Church

2347: 2270: 7123:"Key Differences Between Evangelicals and Anabaptists" 6808:"Fides informis and Fides Caritate Formata Definition" 5909:. beggarsallreformation.blogspot.com. 5 February 2006. 5658:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – Living Bible" 1875:". The official Italian Bible of the Catholic Church, 631:

Christ's righteousness, according to the followers of

528:

include the doctrine of justification by faith alone.

7767:

9th Plenary of the Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission

5683:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – The Message" 3839: 7330:

Final Destiny: The Future Reign of the Servant Kings

3861: 2993:

not suggesting that Abraham was vindicated by works.

2796:

1996. Our justification comes from the grace of God.

2397:

The Joint Declaration never mentions the expression

2267:) harmonizing the two principles of the same Bible. 223:

of faith, but the works themselves do not determine

6665: 6596:

Three Views on Eastern Orthodoxy and Evangelicalism

5733:"Bible Gateway passage: Galatians 2:16 – The Voice" 5423:"whoever is justified is still a sinner", from the 3772: 3436: 2814:2011. The charity of Christ is the source in us of 1746:), and God has laid on Him the iniquity of us all ( 1703:of theology in relation to the Bible, which is the 524:Protestants also have claimed that the writings of 8030:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants 6383:. Archived from the original on 27 September 2009. 6373: 6243:Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification 5427:(1536) or "daily we sin, daily we are justified", 5321:speak of trust, confidence, and belief in Christ. 4355:"Understanding the Lordship Salvation Controversy" 3820:Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification 3733: 2392:Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification 2040:While salvation cannot be achieved through works ( 2016:I am not the only one, nor the first, to say that 7888:Is There a Contradiction Between Faith and Works? 6123:Dr. Martin Luther's vermischte deutsche Schriften 6047:. Archived from the original on 27 September 2009 6021: 4707:"What the Early Church Believed: Faith and Works" 8672: 7603: 7089: 7087: 7085: 6446:The Nature of True Faith: An Exegesis of James 2 6393:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6065:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5121:In XV Psalmos graduum 1532–1533; WA 40/III.352.3 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 3836:Catholic Church presented in this Declaration." 3259:), the current power of sin over the Christian ( 2366:, "fewer people say that faith alone (in Latin, 421:model for the Jews, who was justified by faith. 7482:Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials, 2nd Edition 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 3320:, were "indispensable for our sanctification". 2629:Can be lost through sin or via a loss of faith 2054:). This was Martin Luther's emphasis likewise. 7974:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation 7849:"Luther in 1520: Justification by Faith Alone" 7763:"Salvation: Grace, Justification, and Synergy" 7729:Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective 7574: 7572: 7505: 7503: 7501: 6880: 6878: 6850: 5907:"Luther Added The Word "Alone" to Romans 3:28" 5044:"Luther in 1520: Justification by Faith Alone" 4861:Goggin, Jamin; Strobel, Kyle C. (1 May 2013). 4413:"Justification by Faith: a Patristic Doctrine" 3954:. Studies in Reformed Theology. Vol. 32. 3452:Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective 1658:by the Roman Catholic Church in new ways (see 7909: 7597: 7546: 7544: 7473: 7096:"Anabaptism: Neither Catholic Nor Protestant" 7082: 6957: 6531: 6363:The Defense of the Augsburg Confession, III, 6236: 6234: 5020: 4860: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3831:, it is suggested that much of the debate on 3808:4.3 Justification by Faith and through Grace 3359:"The Law Established through Faith II", §II.6 3348:"The Law Established through Faith II", §II.1 1607: 424:Schreiner wrote that some statements made by 106: 6861:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 104. 6339:"The Formula of Concord ~ Solid Declaration" 5459: 5457: 5181:Luther, Martin. "The Smalcald Articles," in 4817:The History of the Church of Christ Volume 3 4788: 4692: 4582: 4580: 4221: 4219: 4181: 4179: 4142: 4140: 4110: 4108: 4084: 4082: 4080: 3572:Article 23: "The Justification of Sinners", 2065:: Justification is by grace through faith, " 2032:or exegesis of salvation by faith passages. 1719:righteousness) but that of another, Christ ( 7569: 7498: 7114: 7013: 6982: 6875: 6732:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2001–2002 6502: 6102:Ewald M. Plass, "What Luther says," p. 1509 5508:"La Sacra Bibbia – IntraText (Galatians 2)" 5161: 5150: 5143:Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut Lehmann, eds., 4560:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Clement I" 4451:"Did the Early Church Teach 'Faith Alone'?" 4249: 4247: 4151:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 80. 3700:Article IX, "Of the Justification of Man", 3686:of the Wesleyan–Arminian tradition reflect 3454:(1995). The commentary to Article 8 of the 1867:translations of 1476, 1538, and 1546 have " 134: 126: 7916: 7902: 7583:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 363. 7541: 7509: 6968:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 63. 6587: 6561: 6473: 6231: 6145:"The Monstrosity of a Faith that is Alone" 5934:III. The Righteousness of Faith Before God 5425:Third Disputation Concerning Justification 5339:Engelder, Theodore Edward William (1934). 4587:Schreiner, Thomas R. (15 September 2015). 4279:"Saving Faith Debated in Scotland in 1720" 4166:, founder of the movement that led to the 4010:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 108. 3992: 3263:), the removal of any possibility to sin ( 2309:), or by human action (erroneously called 2028:also used "alone" in their translation of 1996:. For example, we say, 'The farmer brings 1614: 1600: 668:justification of souls is a tenet of most 113: 99: 7982:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church 7514:. A Foundation for Theological Education. 7259:. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson. pp. 6915: 6856: 6825: 6760:Catechism of the Catholic Church No. 1446 6743:Catechism of the Catholic Church No. 1992 6625:"Is Faith in Jesus Christ a Gift of God?" 6593: 6365:Reply to the Arguments of the Adversaries 6081:Reply to the Arguments of the Adversaries 6029:Reply to the Arguments of the Adversaries 6017:Reply to the Arguments of the Adversaries 5886: 5454: 4586: 4577: 4216: 4176: 4137: 4119:. Harvest House Publishers. p. 307. 4105: 4077: 3935: 3338:Methodist pastor Amy Wagner has written: 2348:§ Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission 513:(8.–9. century AD) Some have argued that 7846: 7639:The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies 7604:Langford, Andy; Langford, Sally (2011). 7529:. A Foundation for Theological Education 7479: 7449: 7093: 7039:Riedemann, P., Friesen, John J. (1999). 6993:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 9. 6963: 6831: 6701:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Co. 6537: 6121:Translated by Rev. Robert E. Smith from 5919:The Defense of the Augsburg Confession, 5338: 5332: 5325:notes belief in the name of Christ, and 5124: 5088:Wriedt, Markus. "Luther's Theology," in 5041: 4302:"The New England Antinomian Controversy" 4244: 4190:. Baker Publishing Group. p. 1268. 4024: 3210: 3052: 2303:), by divine and human action together ( 1819:1861 painting of Luther discovering the 1814: 1336:Postliberal • Narrative 562:(c. 1455 – 1536), and possibly also in 536: 373: 285: 7697: 7659:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696116.013.0018 7422: 7342: 7252: 7145: 7143: 6651:Council of Trent – Session 6, Canon XIV 6582:emphasis may be laid on sanctification. 6169:Essential Truths of the Christian Faith 5932:The Epitome of the Formula of Concord, 5495:Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans 5209:"Augsburg Confession – Book of Concord" 4833: 4430:– via Cambridge University Press. 4005: 3662:London Baptist Confession of Faith 1689 3546: 3057:An Anabaptist Christian lady wearing a 1697:articulus stantis et cadentis ecclesiae 369: 188:alone that believers are made right of 14: 8673: 7769:. Sigtuna: helsinki.fi. 7 August 1998. 7578: 7527:"Wesley on Faith, Love, and Salvation" 7524: 7484:. Abingdon Press. pp. 40, 68–69. 7369: 7327: 7283: 7203: 7120: 6988: 6884: 6722:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1996 6594:Stamoolis, James J. (5 October 2010). 6508: 6460: 6227:. Pew Research Center. 31 August 2017. 6165: 6134:"Redemption Accomplished and Applied". 5954:A New Dictionary of Christian Theology 5095: 5082: 4671: 4616: 4325: 4225: 4185: 4146: 4114: 4088: 3655:First London Baptist Confession (1644) 2326:Discussion in the centuries since the 1205:From the Reformation to the World Wars 219:theologies, works are seen as crucial 8347:Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo 8062:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper 7897: 7550: 7305: 7230: 7170: 7018:. English. Herald Press. p. 44. 6567: 6479: 5281:refer to faith in terms of knowledge. 5188: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4612: 4610: 4554: 4552: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4473: 4471: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4420:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4375: 4276: 4230:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 87. 4226:Brewer, Brian C. (30 December 2021). 4030: 4006:Griffin, David Graham (16 May 2016). 3941: 2747:summarized the Catholic position as " 2409:Epistle of James and Pauline Epistles 1810: 1777:Traditionally, Lutherans have taught 1681:the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt 753:Diversity in early Christian theology 7875:from the original on 3 December 2020 7628: 7510:Knight III, Henry H. (9 July 2013). 7416: 7176: 7149: 7140: 6857:Sheldrake, Philip (1 January 2005). 6696: 6480:Olson, Roger E. (6 September 2002). 5297:notes the rejection of his teaching. 5169:"Preface to Romans by Martin Luther" 5070:from the original on 3 December 2020 4410: 4299: 4253: 4228:T&T Clark Handbook of Anabaptism 3329:"The Scripture Way of Salvation" in 2959: 2509:clergy have attempted to soften the 2271:Reconciliation of differing emphases 2197:Contemporary evangelical theologian 695: 8701:Protestantism-related controversies 7480:Campbell, Ted A. (1 October 2011). 6484:. InterVarsity Press. p. 281. 5899: 5183:Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions 5157:Martin Luther's Definition of Faith 4640: 4352: 3944:"Part I: Systematic Perspectives – 3687: 3677: 3640: 3222:, which is held by authors such as 2799:2007. With regard to God, there is 2222: 657:for more detail on the doctrine of 340: 24: 7998:Against Henry, King of the English 7579:Sawyer, M. James (11 April 2016). 7426:Systematic Theology: In One Volume 7256:Eternal Security: Can You Be Sure? 6673:"Catechism of the Catholic Church" 6194:"Are we justified by faith alone?" 5952:Richardson, A., Bwoden, J. (ed.), 4892: 4881: 4814: 4732:"A Defense of Free Grace Theology" 4607: 4549: 4497: 4477: 4468: 4434: 4395: 3840:Lutheran-Orthodox Joint Commission 3206: 3048: 2808:no one can merit the initial grace 2756:The following principles from the 2099:Defense of the Augsburg Confession 2035: 545: 298:According to Protestant historian 275: 25: 8722: 8696:Latin religious words and phrases 8341:Propaganda during the Reformation 7923: 7776: 7450:Robinson, Jeff (25 August 2015). 6940: 6538:Robinson, Jeff (25 August 2016). 6425: 6212:A History of the Christian Church 5846:Martin Luther Creative Translator 5090:The Cambridge Companion to Luther 4256:"Anabaptists: A Faith That Works" 3279: 2025: 192:(such as their transgressions of 152:commonly held to distinguish the 8188:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam 8140:Weimar edition of Luther's works 7847:Griffith, Howard (Spring 2018). 7755: 7734: 7717: 7698:Tennent, Timothy (9 July 2011). 7691: 7622: 7581:The Survivor's Guide to Theology 7518: 7512:"Wesley on Faith and Good Works" 7443: 7423:Geisler, Norman (October 2021). 7396: 7390: 7363: 7336: 7321: 7299: 7284:Wilkin, Bob (11 February 2022). 7277: 7246: 7224: 7197: 7057: 7032: 7007: 6943:"How To Make SURE You Are Saved" 6934: 6909: 6891:Conrad Grebel University College 6800: 6791: 6752: 6735: 6726: 6715: 6690: 6642: 6622: 6616: 6454: 6438: 6419: 6401: 6357: 6331: 6298: 6285: 6276: 6266: 6257: 6119:. iclnet.org. 14 September 2020. 5814:(in Greek), York, archived from 5042:Griffith, Howard (Spring 2018). 4834:Allison, Gregg (19 April 2011). 4186:Elwell, Walter A. (1 May 2001). 3878: 3864: 3773:Additional ecumenical statements 3631:Chapter XI. "Of Justification". 3512:Article IV, "Of Justification", 3492:Thirty-nine Articles of Religion 3437:Supporting confessional excerpts 2899:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2892: 2887:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2781:1993. Justification establishes 2758:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2711: 2403:Catechism of the Catholic Church 2182:Westminster Theological Seminary 1884:ma soltanto per mezzo della fede 1583: 1495:Indigenous church mission theory 810:Template:History of Christianity 729: 313:According to Baptist theologian 196:); and not on the basis of what 7966:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace 7555:. Abingdon Press. p. 190. 7525:Wagner, Amy (20 January 2014). 7399:"Faith and Works in James 2:14" 7306:Lazar, Shawn (24 August 2021). 6918:Selected Writings of Hans Denck 6217: 6200: 6186: 6159: 6137: 6128: 6105: 6096: 6085: 6073: 6033: 6009: 5979: 5969: 5959: 5946: 5926: 5913: 5874:On Translating: An Open Letter 5865: 5851: 5834: 5802: 5776: 5750: 5725: 5700: 5675: 5650: 5625: 5600: 5575: 5550: 5525: 5500: 5487: 5482:Etudes sur l'Epître aux Romains 5474: 5441: 5417: 5401: 5385: 5365: 5349: 5300: 5284: 5256: 5227: 5201: 5175: 5137: 5115: 4995: 4970: 4941: 4912: 4854: 4827: 4808: 4782: 4753: 4724: 4672:Cooper, Jordan (27 June 2013). 4665: 4369: 4346: 4319: 4293: 4270: 4254:Roth, Mark (12 December 2004). 3777: 3734:Non-denominational Evangelicals 3688:Methodist theology on salvation 3678:Sola fide § Methodist view 3666:Westminster Confession of Faith 3633:Westminster Confession of Faith 3616: 3536:2000, Article IV, sub-article B 3431:Joyner, paraphrasing Wesley, 3. 3379:subsist without works". Bishop 3070: 2323:to live lives pleasing to God? 1975:I knew very well that the word 1795:" which is common among modern 606:and most if not all would face 282:Clement of Rome § Theology 270: 8481:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg 8173:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn 8108:On the Councils and the Church 8014:The Adoration of the Sacrament 7608:. Abingdon Press. p. 45. 7231:Lazar, Shawn (17 March 2017). 7128:. Ephrata Christian Fellowship 6920:. Pickwick Press. p. 89. 6513:. Harper Collins. p. 18. 6511:Four Views on Eternal Security 6463:Journal of Biblical Literature 5842:On Translating: An Open Letter 4357:. Christian Research Institute 4334:. Orthodox Presbyterian Church 4277:Lazar, Shawn (12 March 2019). 4258:. Christian Light Publications 4068: 3682:The following statements from 3576:, 1561 (French revision, 1619) 3500: 3467: 2608:Can be lost via loss of faith 2330:and in some ways liberalising 1879:Conferenza Episcopale Italiana 1837:to the principal cause of the 260:Lordship salvation controversy 207:This forgiveness is known as " 27:Christian theological doctrine 13: 1: 8455:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 7990:On the Freedom of a Christian 7941:Resources about Martin Luther 7865:Reformed Theological Seminary 7376:. Grace Evangelical Society. 7098:. Christian History Institute 7043:. Herald Press. p. 169. 6785:"Paul III Council of Trent-6" 5860:Romans 3:28 and Martin Luther 5241:. Article XX, 'Of Good Works' 5060:Reformed Theological Seminary 4789:caryslmbrown (18 July 2017). 4678:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 4376:Bente, F. (3 November 2020). 4326:Wilson, Andy (October 2015). 3441: 3312:, as well as engaging in the 3078:cleric David Griffin writes: 2514:Catholics, but among others, 8511:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg) 8221:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518 8181:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God 7068:. Herald Press. p. 40. 7066:The Writings of Dirk Philips 6916:Denck, H. (1 January 1976). 6832:Sungenis, Robert A. (1997). 5921:Article IV: Of Justification 4378:"The Majoristic Controversy" 4115:Rhodes, Ron (1 March 2015). 3946:Contra et Pro Sola Scriptura 3929: 3886:Reformed Christianity portal 3749:British Evangelical Alliance 3671: 2801:no strict right to any merit 2657:Part of the same process of 2587:Part of the same process of 1679:). He became convinced that 444:Catholic Answers wrote that 142:justification by faith alone 7: 8506:Martin Luther's Death House 8501:Martin Luther's Birth House 8364:Hans and Margarethe Luther 8277:Priesthood of all believers 7829:Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary 7750:Southern Baptist Convention 7704:Asbury Theological Seminary 7370:Hodges, Zane (March 2018). 7204:Hodges, Zane Clark (1989). 6699:The New Perspective on Paul 6509:Pinson, J. Matthew (2002). 6450:Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary 5329:notes belief in the gospel. 4281:. Grace Evangelical Society 4089:Bucher, Richard P. (2014). 3919:Justification from eternity 3857: 3541: 3476:position is set out in the 3450:is set out in the pamphlet 3071:Sola fide § Anabaptist 2903:sacrament of reconciliation 2826:Further, the sacraments of 2584:Can be lost via mortal sin 2184:in Philadelphia, asserted: 2125:In answer to a question on 2008:Luther further stated that 1688:or redemption is a gift of 1509:in the broader movement of 795:Proto-orthodox Christianity 500: 10: 8727: 8691:Salvation in Protestantism 8465:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld 8116:On the Jews and Their Lies 8038:On the Bondage of the Will 7783:"By Faith Alone" and James 7452:"Meet a Reformed Arminian" 6989:Janzen, Rod (4 May 2009). 6964:Hauerwas, Stanley (2015). 6885:Batten, Alicia J. (2018). 6697:Dunn, James D. G. (2005). 6598:. Zondervan. p. 138. 6540:"Meet a Reformed Arminian" 4927:Pharos Journal of Theology 4634:10.1177/004056398704800103 4147:Joyner, F. Belton (2007). 3766:World Evangelical Alliance 3706:Methodist Episcopal Church 3675: 3521: 3298:Wesleyan–Arminian theology 3289: 3283: 3248: 3068: 2968:In response to sola fide, 2791:the cooperation of charity 2721: 2715: 2274: 2026:Other Catholic authorities 1891:English Bible translations 705: 699: 530: 279: 265: 8645: 8620: 8534: 8516:St. Augustine's Monastery 8473: 8357: 8267:Theology of Martin Luther 8257:Augsburg Confession, 1530 8201: 8148: 7949: 7931: 7746:Baptist Faith and Message 7553:United Methodist Doctrine 7253:Stanley, Charles (1990). 7121:Martin, Nolan C. (2010). 7094:Klaassen, Walter (1985). 7014:Klassen, W., ed. (1981). 6444:Meier, Edward P. (1978), 6196:. mountainretreatorg.net. 6092:Article XX: Of Good Works 5465:Theology of the Reformers 5235:"The Augsburg Confession" 4617:Hunter, David G. (1987). 4527:10.1017/S0028688513000040 4428:10.1017/S0022046906008207 4353:Bob, Lyle (9 June 2009). 3968:10.1163/9789004356436_003 3720:Article X, "Good Works", 3534:Baptist Faith and Message 3385:United Methodist Doctrine 3267:), and being restored to 2816:all our merits before God 2524: 2379:Lutheran World Federation 2256:and the Last Judgment of 2162:who opposed antinomianism 1454:Conservative Christianity 899:Persecution and tolerance 560:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples 164:, among others, from the 8319:Eucharist in Lutheranism 8245:Decet Romanum Pontificem 7551:Jones, Scott J. (2002). 7346:Once Saved, Always Saved 7183:. Grace Theology Press. 7156:. Grace Theology Press. 4509:Downs, David J. (2013). 4149:United Methodist Answers 3708:, the Discipline of 1808 2972:argues in his 1997 book 2866:view holds instead that 2857: 2654:Can be lost through sin 2146:Article XX of Good Works 2063:Epistle to the Ephesians 1906:, Classic Edition (AMPC) 1805:simul iustus et peccator 1444:Progressive Christianity 1257:Fundamental/foundational 867:Theological hermeneutics 616:be reborn in all mankind 403:Schreiner observes that 290:It is often argued that 8521:Veste Coburg (Fortress) 8070:On War Against the Turk 7731:. Mennonite Church USA. 7651:Oxford University Press 7343:Kendall, R. T. (2005). 7328:Dillow, Joseph (2012). 5880:27 October 2015 at the 4795:Doing History in Public 4031:Allen, Michael (2010). 3942:Wisse, Maarten (2017). 3726:United Methodist Church 3722:The Confession of Faith 3082:For early Anabaptists, 2851:New Perspective on Paul 1956:("alone" in German) to 1590:Christianity portal 1034:Post-Nicene development 805:History of Christianity 715:Part of a series on the 690:Christian denominations 204:or "works of charity." 8594:Martin Luther, Heretic 8486:Stadtkirche Wittenberg 8252:Marburg Colloquy, 1529 7633:. In Kirby, James E.; 6745:. Vatican City-State. 6409:"WELS Topical Q&A" 6310:wayback.archive-it.org 6166:Sproul, R. C. (1998). 6045:wayback.archive-it.org 5991:wayback.archive-it.org 5857:WELS Topical Q&A, 5194:Herbert J. A. Bouman, 5130:Herbert J. A. Bouman, 4867:. InterVarsity Press. 4840:. Zondervan Academic. 4593:. Zondervan Academic. 3855: 3847:sola gratia, sola fide 3826: 3799: 3770: 3753: 3731: 3711: 3658: 3638: 3614: 3579: 3539: 3519: 3498: 3465: 3434: 3398: 3387:(2002) writes that in 3373: 3362: 3351: 3336: 3216: 3204: 3166: 3157: 3120: 3106: 3092: 3066: 2467: 2450: 2427: 2388: 2356:justification by faith 2352:sola gratia, sola fide 2220: 2208: 2195: 2190: 2174: 2158: 2142: 2123: 2023: 2006: 1988:) along with the word 1952:Luther added the word 1946:Weymouth New Testament 1910:God's Word Translation 1877:La Sacra Bibbia della 1839:Protestant Reformation 1827: 1775: 1341:Continental philosophy 884:Philosophical theology 708:History of Lutheranism 542: 495:Free Grace theologians 491: 401: 382: 295: 248:Antinomian Controversy 135: 128:Justificatio sola fide 127: 44:Protestant Reformation 18:Justification by faith 8711:Faith in Christianity 8706:Christian terminology 8400:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi 8395:Albert of Brandenburg 8272:Theology of the Cross 8158:First Lutheran hymnal 8086:Articles of Schwabach 7810:Confessional Lutheran 7800:Confessional Lutheran 7787:Confessional Lutheran 7629:Ruth, Lester (2009). 7016:Anabaptism in Outline 6149:Defending. Contending 5892:Fitzmyer, Joseph A., 4515:New Testament Studies 4206:works, justification 3914:Fate of the unlearned 3909:Expounding of the Law 3843: 3805: 3794:The Gift of Salvation 3781: 3754: 3737: 3712: 3692: 3684:confessions of faiths 3676:Further information: 3644: 3620: 3580: 3550: 3525: 3504: 3482: 3460: 3423: 3393: 3363: 3352: 3340: 3322: 3292:First Great Awakening 3290:Further information: 3214: 3199: 3158: 3148: 3113: 3102: 3100:denominations teach: 3080: 3069:Further information: 3056: 2769:detaches man from sin 2722:Further information: 2681:Both are a result of 2462: 2437: 2430:Confessional Lutheran 2422: 2383: 2235:which we have done" ( 2215: 2203: 2191: 2186: 2169: 2154: 2137: 2118: 2014: 1973: 1916:Good News Translation 1861:nur durch den glauben 1818: 1730: 1449:Moderate Christianity 1439:extraterrestrial life 894:Christian apologetics 817:Ecclesiastical polity 706:Further information: 678:works of Jesus Christ 590:'s pardon for guilty 540: 474: 462:Clement of Alexandria 432:Clement of Alexandria 408:later would believe. 395: 377: 308:Catholic Encyclopedia 289: 8329:Words of Institution 8226:Leipzig Debate, 1519 7725:Article 8: Salvation 7653:. pp. 324–329. 7332:. pp. 990–1030. 6966:The Work of Theology 6544:The Gospel Coalition 6316:on 27 September 2009 5997:on 27 September 2009 5939:20 June 2016 at the 5410:, Engelder, T.E.W., 5394:, Engelder, T.E.W., 5378:, Engelder, T.E.W., 5358:, Engelder, T.E.W., 4736:Grace Theology Press 3702:Articles of Religion 3609:Heidelberg Catechism 3547:Continental Reformed 3478:Thirty-nine Articles 3448:Mennonite Church USA 3446:The position of the 2885:As expounded in the 2767:1990. Justification 2372:Protestant reformers 2294:Christian theologies 2281:Prayers for the dead 2176:Scottish theologian 2021:must be faith alone. 1715:own (theologically, 1469:Evangelical theology 1302:Since the World Wars 1242:Restoration Movement 1056:Byzantine Iconoclasm 889:Christian philosophy 526:Bernard of Clairvaux 370:Patristic statements 330:Epistle to Diognetus 233:Christian perfection 8659:Theologia Germanica 8425:Johann von Staupitz 8239:Diet of Worms, 1521 8124:Vom Schem Hamphoras 7635:Abraham, William J. 7373:A Free Grace Primer 7349:. Authentic Media. 7177:Chay, Fred (2017). 7150:Chay, Fred (2017). 6941:Fretz, Clarence Y. 6812:cyclopedia.lcms.org 6568:Lindström, Harald. 5480:Lyonnet Stanislas, 5109:12 May 2008 at the 4626:Theological Studies 4041:Bloomsbury Academic 3872:Christianity portal 3664:is the same as the 3514:Augsburg Confession 3412:entirely sanctified 3220:Free Grace theology 2803:on the part of man. 2787:the assent of faith 2724:Counter-Reformation 2364:Pew Research Center 2332:Counter-Reformation 2254:Sermon on the Mount 2213:concurs by saying: 2150:Augsburg Confession 2103:Philipp Melanchthon 2067:not from yourselves 1869:ma solo per la fede 1626:From 1510 to 1520, 1464:Confessing Movement 988:Cappadocian Fathers 904:Historical theology 572:Girolamo Savonarola 533:Proto-Protestantism 509:(c. 808 – 868 AD), 360:Thomas R. Schreiner 326:Ignatius of Antioch 306:. In contrast, the 237:Anabaptist theology 8460:Frederick the Wise 8445:Philip Melanchthon 8371:Katharina von Bora 8165:Erfurt Enchiridion 7958:Ninety-five Theses 7397:Bing, Dr Charlie. 6623:Bing, Dr Charlie. 5215:on 10 October 2008 4455:Zondervan Academic 4168:Evangelical Church 3962:. pp. 19–37. 3762:Statement of Faith 3745:Statement of Faith 3660:Chapter XI of the 3389:Methodist theology 3217: 3067: 2974:Not by Faith Alone 2526:Views on Salvation 2358:(i.e. without the 1934:Names of God Bible 1828: 1811:Origin of the term 1701:material principle 1320:Nouvelle théologie 1314:Situational ethics 1272:Catholic Modernism 973:ante-Nicene period 790:Early Christianity 748:Christian theology 723:Christian theology 543: 418:Hilary of Poitiers 405:Augustine of Hippo 383: 350:Shepherd of Hermas 296: 256:Marrow Controversy 229:Methodist doctrine 150:Christian theology 8686:Lutheran theology 8668: 8667: 8632:, Washington D.C. 8440:Andreas Karlstadt 8391: 8383: 8375: 8367: 8324:Sacramental union 8197: 8196: 8101:Smalcald Articles 7436:978-1-7376546-0-5 7429:. Bastion Books. 7403:www.gracelife.org 7383:978-1-943399-24-6 7356:978-1-932805-27-7 7217:978-0-310-51960-7 7190:978-0-9981385-4-1 7163:978-0-9981385-4-1 7000:978-1-7252-4463-4 6975:978-0-8028-7190-9 6927:978-0-915138-15-9 6868:978-0-664-23003-6 6708:978-0-8028-4562-7 6629:www.gracelife.org 6343:bookofconcord.org 6214:(1949), pp. 185–6 5758:"Galatians 2 WEY" 5463:George, Timothy, 5412:Popular Symbolics 5396:Popular Symbolics 5380:Popular Symbolics 5360:Popular Symbolics 5239:bookofconcord.org 4874:978-0-8308-9549-6 4847:978-0-310-41041-6 4765:www.newadvent.org 4685:978-1-62189-771-2 4600:978-0-310-51579-1 4564:www.newadvent.org 4237:978-0-567-68949-8 4126:978-0-7369-5292-7 4097:on 25 July 2014. 4050:978-0-567-03429-8 4033:Reformed Theology 4017:978-1-4982-3925-7 3977:978-90-04-35643-6 3904:Double imputation 3574:Belgic Confession 3408:Holiness movement 3286:Wesleyan theology 2960:Biblical exegesis 2897:According to the 2745:Pope Benedict XVI 2718:Catholic theology 2709: 2708: 2683:union with Christ 2675:Divine monergism 2605:Divine monergism 2413:Chapter 2 of the 2097:According to the 1969:Greek manuscripts 1843:Roman Catholicism 1793:decision theology 1726:Smalcald Articles 1624: 1623: 1511:Feminist theology 1483:Contextualisation 1346:Radical orthodoxy 1252:Dogmatic theology 1237:Holiness movement 983:Apostolic Fathers 918:Ecumenical Creeds 827:Nontrinitarianism 702:Lutheran theology 696:Lutheran theology 600:fallen and sinful 511:Claudius of Turin 466:Gregory the Great 414:Marius Victorinus 254:controversy, the 174:Oriental Orthodox 123: 122: 16:(Redirected from 8718: 8622:Luther Monuments 8435:Karl von Miltitz 8415:Johann Cochlaeus 8389: 8381: 8379:Magdalena Luther 8373: 8365: 8146: 8145: 7918: 7911: 7904: 7895: 7894: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7861:Orlando, Florida 7834:Bible Verses on 7771: 7770: 7759: 7753: 7738: 7732: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7576: 7567: 7566: 7548: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7522: 7516: 7515: 7507: 7496: 7495: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7464: 7462: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7147: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7127: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7105: 7103: 7091: 7080: 7079: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7011: 7005: 7004: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6893:. Archived from 6882: 6873: 6872: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6781: 6768: 6767: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6739: 6733: 6730: 6724: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6646: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6458: 6452: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6411:. Archived from 6405: 6399: 6398: 6392: 6384: 6377: 6371: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6321: 6312:. Archived from 6302: 6296: 6289: 6283: 6280: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6238: 6229: 6228: 6221: 6215: 6208:Williston Walker 6204: 6198: 6197: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6151:. Archived from 6141: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6094: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6064: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6037: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5993:. Archived from 5983: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5950: 5944: 5930: 5924: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5903: 5897: 5890: 5884: 5871:Luther, Martin, 5869: 5863: 5855: 5849: 5838: 5832: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5764:. Galatians 2:16 5754: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5504: 5498: 5493:Hodge, Charles, 5491: 5485: 5478: 5472: 5461: 5452: 5445: 5439: 5421: 5415: 5405: 5399: 5389: 5383: 5369: 5363: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5336: 5330: 5304: 5298: 5288: 5282: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5211:. Archived from 5205: 5199: 5192: 5186: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5159: 5154: 5148: 5141: 5135: 5128: 5122: 5119: 5113: 5099: 5093: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5056:Orlando, Florida 5039: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5007:dailyhistory.org 4999: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4924: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4893:Schaff, Philip. 4890: 4879: 4878: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4815:Milner, Joseph. 4812: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4773: 4771: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4744: 4742: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4711:Catholic Answers 4703: 4690: 4689: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4623: 4614: 4605: 4604: 4584: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4556: 4547: 4546: 4506: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4478:Schaff, Philip. 4475: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4447: 4432: 4431: 4417: 4408: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4332:Ordained Servant 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4300:Schaefer, Paul. 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4251: 4242: 4241: 4223: 4214: 4213: 4183: 4174: 4173: 4144: 4135: 4134: 4112: 4103: 4102: 4086: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4003: 3990: 3989: 3939: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3828:In the preamble 3824: 3797: 3768: 3751: 3729: 3709: 3656: 3641:Reformed Baptist 3636: 3612: 3577: 3537: 3517: 3496: 3432: 3371: 3360: 3349: 3334: 3310:Ten Commandments 3251: 3250: 3232:eternal security 3163:1 John 2:4; 4:20 3153:2 Kings 17:18–34 2914:Council of Trent 2730:Council of Trent 2643:Eastern Orthodox 2522: 2498:Epistle of James 2445:James is writing 2415:Epistle of James 2223:Works of the law 2206:that is alone." 2107:Epistle of James 1873:per la sola fede 1773: 1705:formal principle 1636:Pauline epistles 1630:lectured on the 1616: 1609: 1602: 1588: 1587: 1284:Critical realism 1232:Great Awakenings 1076:East–West Schism 872:African American 733: 712: 711: 582:The doctrine of 552:proto-Protestant 519:Julian of Toledo 458:Gregory of Nyssa 362:argued that the 341:Early literature 315:Thomas Schreiner 211:". In classical 198:Paul the Apostle 170:Eastern Orthodox 138: 130: 115: 108: 101: 32: 31: 21: 8726: 8725: 8721: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8671: 8670: 8669: 8664: 8641: 8636:Luther Monument 8630:Luther Monument 8616: 8530: 8526:Wartburg Castle 8469: 8420:Johann Reuchlin 8353: 8312:Marian theology 8203: 8193: 8144: 8094:Large Catechism 8078:Small Catechism 7945: 7927: 7922: 7878: 7876: 7779: 7774: 7761: 7760: 7756: 7739: 7735: 7722: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7696: 7692: 7669: 7627: 7623: 7616: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7577: 7570: 7563: 7549: 7542: 7532: 7530: 7523: 7519: 7508: 7499: 7492: 7478: 7474: 7460: 7458: 7448: 7444: 7437: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7395: 7391: 7384: 7368: 7364: 7357: 7341: 7337: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7282: 7278: 7271: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7191: 7175: 7171: 7164: 7148: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7125: 7119: 7115: 7101: 7099: 7092: 7083: 7076: 7062: 7058: 7051: 7037: 7033: 7026: 7012: 7008: 7001: 6987: 6983: 6976: 6962: 6958: 6948: 6946: 6939: 6935: 6928: 6914: 6910: 6900: 6898: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6855: 6851: 6844: 6830: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6796: 6792: 6783: 6782: 6771: 6762:. The Vatican. 6758: 6757: 6753: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6731: 6727: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6656: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6631: 6621: 6617: 6606: 6592: 6588: 6574: 6572: 6566: 6562: 6548: 6546: 6536: 6532: 6521: 6507: 6503: 6492: 6478: 6474: 6459: 6455: 6443: 6439: 6424: 6420: 6415:on 6 June 2014. 6407: 6406: 6402: 6386: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6319: 6317: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6290: 6286: 6281: 6277: 6271: 6267: 6262: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6232: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6205: 6201: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6172:. p. 191. 6164: 6160: 6155:on 8 July 2012. 6143: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6129: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6097: 6090: 6086: 6078: 6074: 6058: 6057: 6050: 6048: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5985: 5984: 5980: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5960: 5951: 5947: 5941:Wayback Machine 5931: 5927: 5918: 5914: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5891: 5887: 5882:Wayback Machine 5870: 5866: 5856: 5852: 5840:Martin Luther, 5839: 5835: 5821: 5819: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5639: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5591: 5589: 5581: 5580: 5576: 5566: 5564: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5492: 5488: 5479: 5475: 5462: 5455: 5446: 5442: 5422: 5418: 5406: 5402: 5390: 5386: 5370: 5366: 5354: 5350: 5337: 5333: 5305: 5301: 5289: 5285: 5275:Philippians 3:8 5261: 5257: 5244: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5193: 5189: 5180: 5176: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5155: 5151: 5142: 5138: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5111:Wayback Machine 5100: 5096: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5040: 5021: 5011: 5009: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4984: 4982:Learn Religions 4976: 4975: 4971: 4957: 4955: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4891: 4882: 4875: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4832: 4828: 4813: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4787: 4783: 4769: 4767: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4740: 4738: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4704: 4693: 4686: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4621: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4585: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4558: 4557: 4550: 4507: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4476: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4449: 4448: 4435: 4415: 4411:Williams, D.H. 4409: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4382:Book of Concord 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4275: 4271: 4261: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4224: 4217: 4198: 4184: 4177: 4159: 4145: 4138: 4127: 4113: 4106: 4087: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4055:With regard to 4051: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4004: 3993: 3978: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3899:Belief in Jesus 3884: 3877: 3870: 3863: 3860: 3842: 3825: 3817: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3780: 3775: 3769: 3760: 3752: 3743: 3736: 3730: 3719: 3710: 3699: 3680: 3674: 3657: 3654: 3643: 3637: 3630: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3578: 3571: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3524: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3497: 3489: 3470: 3444: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3372: 3369: 3361: 3358: 3350: 3347: 3335: 3328: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3226:, Jody Dillow, 3209: 3207:Free Grace view 3144:Peter Riedemann 3073: 3051: 3049:Anabaptist view 2970:Robert Sungenis 2962: 2895: 2860: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2678:Cannot be lost 2564: 2562: 2550: 2548: 2541: 2539: 2527: 2458:the tenth verse 2440:Paul is writing 2411: 2291: 2273: 2225: 2160:Martin Luther, 2057:In relation to 2038: 2036:Faith and works 1904:Amplified Bible 1898:Amplified Bible 1813: 1774: 1771: 1620: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1490: 1489: 1474: 1473: 1459:Emerging church 1358:Paleo-orthodoxy 1304: 1303: 1294: 1293: 1207: 1206: 1197: 1196: 1166:Book of Concord 1113: 1112: 1101: 1100: 1036: 1035: 1026: 1025: 1009: 963: 962: 947: 946: 935: 921: 920: 909: 908: 743: 742: 722: 710: 704: 698: 664:The standalone 580: 558:(1419 – 1489), 556:Wessel Gansfort 548: 546:Pre-Reformation 535: 503: 398: 387:John Chrysostom 372: 364:Odes of Solomon 343: 322:Clement of Rome 304:Clement of Rome 292:Clement of Rome 284: 278: 276:Clement of Rome 273: 268: 227:. In contrast, 119: 88:Soli Deo gloria 42: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8724: 8714: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8655: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8633: 8626: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8614: 8606: 8598: 8590: 8582: 8574: 8566: 8558: 8550: 8541: 8539: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8477: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8384: 8376: 8368: 8361: 8359: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8351: 8349:(1537 edition) 8343: 8338: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8326: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8307:Law and Gospel 8304: 8298: 8293: 8290:Sola scriptura 8286: 8279: 8274: 8264: 8262:Luther's canon 8259: 8254: 8249: 8241: 8236: 8232:Exsurge Domine 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8207: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8191: 8184: 8177: 8169: 8161: 8154: 8152: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8128: 8120: 8112: 8104: 8098: 8090: 8082: 8074: 8066: 8058: 8054:Deutsche Messe 8050: 8042: 8034: 8026: 8022:Formula missae 8018: 8010: 8002: 7994: 7986: 7978: 7970: 7962: 7953: 7951: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7921: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7885: 7844: 7831: 7813: 7803: 7793:Importance of 7790: 7778: 7777:External links 7775: 7773: 7772: 7754: 7733: 7716: 7690: 7667: 7621: 7614: 7596: 7589: 7568: 7561: 7540: 7517: 7497: 7490: 7472: 7442: 7435: 7415: 7389: 7382: 7362: 7355: 7335: 7320: 7298: 7276: 7269: 7245: 7223: 7216: 7196: 7189: 7169: 7162: 7139: 7113: 7081: 7074: 7056: 7049: 7031: 7024: 7006: 6999: 6981: 6974: 6956: 6933: 6926: 6908: 6874: 6867: 6849: 6842: 6824: 6799: 6790: 6769: 6751: 6734: 6725: 6714: 6707: 6689: 6664: 6641: 6615: 6604: 6586: 6560: 6530: 6519: 6501: 6490: 6472: 6453: 6437: 6426:Moore, James. 6418: 6400: 6372: 6356: 6345:. Paragraph 42 6330: 6297: 6284: 6275: 6265: 6256: 6230: 6216: 6199: 6185: 6178: 6158: 6136: 6127: 6104: 6095: 6084: 6072: 6032: 6020: 6008: 5978: 5968: 5958: 5945: 5925: 5912: 5898: 5885: 5864: 5850: 5833: 5818:on 2 July 2008 5801: 5775: 5749: 5724: 5699: 5674: 5649: 5624: 5599: 5574: 5549: 5524: 5512:www.vatican.va 5499: 5486: 5473: 5453: 5440: 5429:Luther's Works 5416: 5400: 5384: 5364: 5348: 5331: 5319:2 Timothy 1:12 5315:Romans 4:20–25 5311:Galatians 2:16 5299: 5283: 5255: 5226: 5200: 5187: 5174: 5160: 5149: 5145:Luther's Works 5136: 5123: 5114: 5094: 5081: 5019: 4994: 4969: 4940: 4911: 4880: 4873: 4853: 4846: 4826: 4807: 4781: 4752: 4723: 4691: 4684: 4664: 4639: 4606: 4599: 4576: 4548: 4521:(3): 415–432. 4496: 4467: 4433: 4394: 4368: 4345: 4318: 4292: 4269: 4243: 4236: 4215: 4196: 4175: 4164:Jacob Albright 4157: 4136: 4125: 4104: 4076: 4074:Galatians 2:16 4067: 4049: 4043:. p. 77. 4023: 4016: 3991: 3976: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3875: 3859: 3856: 3841: 3838: 3815: 3803: 3800: 3790: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3758: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3717: 3697: 3673: 3670: 3652: 3642: 3639: 3628: 3618: 3615: 3605: 3569: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3530: 3523: 3520: 3509: 3502: 3499: 3487: 3485:Justification. 3469: 3466: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3428: 3381:Scott J. Jones 3367: 3356: 3345: 3326: 3318:works of mercy 3314:works of piety 3302:sanctification 3284:Main article: 3281: 3280:Methodist view 3278: 3261:sanctification 3208: 3205: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2894: 2891: 2859: 2856: 2836:reconciliation 2820: 2819: 2812: 2804: 2797: 2794: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2765: 2716:Main article: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2686: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2592: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573:Roman Catholic 2568: 2567: 2565:Sanctification 2561:Justification 2558: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2494:Law and Gospel 2456:, and that in 2410: 2407: 2338:nor relatedly 2317:sanctification 2272: 2269: 2224: 2221: 2211:Michael Horton 2037: 2034: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1812: 1809: 1785:sanctification 1769: 1632:Book of Psalms 1622: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1604: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1555: 1553:Latin American 1550: 1545: 1535: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1500:Sino-Christian 1491: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1412: 1410:Transmodernism 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1370: 1365: 1363:Reconciliation 1360: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1316: 1311: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1277:Anglo-Catholic 1274: 1269: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1247:Existentialism 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1162: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1145:Evangelicalism 1142: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1007: 1002: 1001: 1000: 998:Desert Mothers 995: 993:Desert Fathers 990: 985: 978:Church Fathers 975: 970: 964: 954: 953: 952: 949: 948: 945: 944: 939: 933: 928: 922: 916: 915: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 880: 879: 877:Asian American 874: 864: 859: 854: 852:Biblical canon 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 822:Trinitarianism 819: 814: 813: 812: 802: 797: 792: 787: 786: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 750: 744: 740: 739: 738: 735: 734: 726: 725: 717: 716: 700:Main article: 697: 694: 649:means of grace 625:solus Christus 579: 576: 547: 544: 502: 499: 399:—Ambrosiaster 371: 368: 342: 339: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 160:traditions of 146:soteriological 121: 120: 118: 117: 110: 103: 95: 92: 91: 83: 82: 79:Solus Christus 74: 73: 65: 64: 56: 55: 52:Sola scriptura 47: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8723: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8661: 8660: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8644: 8637: 8634: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8562:Martin Luther 8559: 8557: 8555: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8546:Martin Luther 8543: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8533: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8388: 8385: 8380: 8377: 8372: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8356: 8350: 8348: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8321: 8320: 8317: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8291: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8200: 8189: 8185: 8182: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8166: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8150:List of hymns 8147: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8126: 8125: 8121: 8118: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8105: 8102: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8039: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7926: 7925:Martin Luther 7919: 7914: 7912: 7907: 7905: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7889: 7886: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7845: 7842: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7811: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7788: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7737: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7705: 7701: 7694: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7668:9780199696116 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7617: 7615:9781426711930 7611: 7607: 7600: 7592: 7590:9781498294058 7586: 7582: 7575: 7573: 7564: 7562:9780687034857 7558: 7554: 7547: 7545: 7528: 7521: 7513: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7493: 7491:9781426753473 7487: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7438: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7419: 7404: 7400: 7393: 7385: 7379: 7375: 7374: 7366: 7358: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7339: 7331: 7324: 7309: 7302: 7287: 7280: 7272: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7249: 7234: 7227: 7219: 7213: 7210:. Zondervan. 7209: 7208: 7200: 7192: 7186: 7182: 7181: 7173: 7165: 7159: 7155: 7154: 7146: 7144: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7097: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7077: 7075:0-8361-3111-8 7071: 7067: 7060: 7052: 7050:0-8361-3122-3 7046: 7042: 7035: 7027: 7021: 7017: 7010: 7002: 6996: 6992: 6985: 6977: 6971: 6967: 6960: 6945:. Anabaptists 6944: 6937: 6929: 6923: 6919: 6912: 6897:on 5 May 2022 6896: 6892: 6888: 6881: 6879: 6870: 6864: 6860: 6853: 6845: 6843:1-57918-008-6 6839: 6835: 6828: 6813: 6809: 6803: 6794: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6766: 6761: 6755: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6729: 6723: 6718: 6710: 6704: 6700: 6693: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6653: 6652: 6645: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6607: 6605:9780310864363 6601: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6571: 6564: 6557: 6545: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6522: 6520:9780310234395 6516: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6493: 6491:9780830826957 6487: 6483: 6476: 6469:(2): 389–410. 6468: 6464: 6457: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6434: 6429: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6396: 6390: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6366: 6360: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6327: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6294: 6288: 6279: 6269: 6260: 6245: 6244: 6237: 6235: 6226: 6220: 6213: 6209: 6206:According to 6203: 6195: 6189: 6181: 6179:9780842320016 6175: 6171: 6170: 6162: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6131: 6124: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6099: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6068: 6062: 6046: 6042: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5972: 5962: 5955: 5949: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5929: 5922: 5916: 5908: 5902: 5896:, pp. 360–361 5895: 5889: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5854: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5829: 5817: 5813: 5812: 5811:New testament 5805: 5797: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5784:"Romans 3:28" 5779: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5738: 5737:Bible Gateway 5734: 5728: 5713: 5712:Bible Gateway 5709: 5703: 5688: 5687:Bible Gateway 5684: 5678: 5663: 5662:Bible Gateway 5659: 5653: 5638: 5637:Bible Gateway 5634: 5628: 5613: 5612:Bible Gateway 5609: 5603: 5588: 5587:Bible Gateway 5584: 5578: 5563: 5562:Bible Gateway 5559: 5553: 5538: 5537:Bible Gateway 5534: 5528: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5496: 5490: 5483: 5477: 5470: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5437:0-8006-0334-6 5434: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5397: 5393: 5388: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5344: 5343: 5335: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5280: 5279:1 Timothy 2:4 5276: 5272: 5271:Galatians 4:9 5268: 5264: 5259: 5252: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5197: 5191: 5184: 5178: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5140: 5133: 5127: 5118: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5098: 5091: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4966: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4915: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4857: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4830: 4823: 4818: 4811: 4796: 4792: 4785: 4778: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4687: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4668: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4611: 4602: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4583: 4581: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4553: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4472: 4456: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4414: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4383: 4379: 4372: 4356: 4349: 4333: 4329: 4322: 4307: 4306:Monergism.com 4303: 4296: 4280: 4273: 4257: 4250: 4248: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4220: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4197:9781441200303 4193: 4189: 4182: 4180: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4158:9780664230395 4154: 4150: 4143: 4141: 4133: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4109: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4071: 4064: 4062: 4061:fides formata 4058: 4052: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3947: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3894:Antinomianism 3892: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3876: 3873: 3867: 3862: 3854: 3852: 3851:Matthew 26:39 3848: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3821: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3795: 3789: 3787: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3651: 3648: 3634: 3627: 3624: 3610: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3584: 3575: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3535: 3529: 3515: 3508: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3464: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3427: 3422: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3403:Phoebe Palmer 3397: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3366: 3355: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3265:glorification 3262: 3258: 3257:justification 3254: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3236:Robert Thieme 3233: 3229: 3228:Charles Ryrie 3225: 3221: 3213: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3164: 3156: 3154: 3147: 3145: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122:Obedience to 3119: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2927:Galatians 5:6 2924: 2923:James 2:17–20 2920: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2893:Justification 2890: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2876:Galatians 5:6 2873: 2869: 2865: 2855: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2712:Catholic view 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2545: 2543: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2512: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2471:New Testament 2466: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2336:justification 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2301: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2157: 2153: 2152:states that: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2019: 2013: 2011: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1831:Martin Luther 1826: 1822: 1817: 1808: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656:righteousness 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628:Martin Luther 1617: 1612: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1580: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1487:Inculturation 1484: 1478: 1477: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1425:Environmental 1423: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1353:Neo-orthodoxy 1351: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1324:Ressourcement 1321: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1298: 1297: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1201: 1200: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1118:Martin Luther 1116: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1081:Scholasticism 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1051:Monothelitism 1049: 1047: 1046:Monophysitism 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1030: 1029: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1006: 1003: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 980: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 965: 961: 957: 951: 950: 943: 940: 938: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 919: 913: 912: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 811: 808: 807: 806: 803: 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