Kindergarten - Knowledge

1217: 2083: 1575: 2883: 1940:, there are only informal directives pertaining to pre-primary education, for which pre-primary schools and sections need no affiliation. Directives state that children who are three years old on 30 September in the given academic year are eligible to attend nursery and kindergarten classes. Typically, children spend three to four years of their time in pre-primary school after which they are eligible to attend 1st standard in primary school which falls under HRD ministry norms. Pre-primary is not mandatory; however, it is preferred. All government schools and affiliated private schools allow children who are five years of age to enroll in standard 1 of a primary school. 1403: 394: 3069:, private kindergartens and preschools are also quite popular. Many private preschools offer accelerated courses in various subjects to compete with public preschools and capitalize on public demand for academic achievement. The curriculum at such preschools often encompasses subject material such as science, art, physical education and even mathematics classes. The majority of these schools are part of large school chains, which operate under franchise arrangements. In return for annual fees, the chain enterprises may supply advertising, curriculum, books, materials, training, and even staff for each individual school. 3299: 405: 3400: 111: 1027: 2798: 529: 47: 2200:) between the ages of three or four and six or seven in the Western age system. (Korean ages are calculated differently from Western ages: one is considered one year old from birth. Additionally, one's age increases by one year on January 1 regardless of when their birthday is. Hence in Korea, kindergarten children are called five-, six- and seven-year-olds). The school year begins in March. It is followed by primary school. Normally the kindergartens are graded on a three-tier basis. 1919:("protectory"). Children attend kindergarten between ages three and six or seven (they go to school in the year in which they have their seventh birthday). Attendance in kindergarten is compulsory from the age of three years, though exceptions are made for developmental reasons. Though kindergartens may include programs in subjects such as foreign language and music, children spend most of their time playing. In their last year, children begin preparation for elementary school. 1959: 1455: 2875: 3073:

these types of schools has been called into question on many occasions, yet they continue to prosper. Some members of Taiwanese society have raised concerns as to whether local children should be placed in English immersion environments at such a young age, and have raised fears that the students' abilities in their mother language may suffer as a result. The debate continues, but at the present time, the market for English immersion preschools continues to grow.

9372: 8380: 6622: 8390: 7602: 5663: 5136: 1557: 686: 9382: 6632: 3169:. In England, schooling is not compulsory until a child's fifth birthday but in practice most children join school in the Reception year the September before their fifth birthday. In Scotland, schooling becomes compulsory between the ages of four-and-a-half and five-and-a-half years depending on their birthday (school starts in August for children who were four by the end of the preceding February). 2759:

officially started at the elementary level, and placing children into early childhood education through kindergarten was optional until June 6, 2011, when Kindergarten became compulsory which served as a requirement for the implementation of the K–12 curriculum and process of phasing out the 1945–2017 K–10 educational system on April 24, 2012, as part of the K–12's 9-year implementation process.

9360: 6611: 1896: 2129:. The Ministry of Education's 1990 Course of Study for Preschools, which applies to both kinds of institutions, covers such areas as human relationships, health, environment, language, and expression. Starting from March 2008 the new revision of curriculum guidelines for kindergartens as well as for preschools came into effect. 2125:), supervised by the Ministry of Labor. Whereas kindergartens follow educational aims, nursery schools are predominantly concerned with providing care for infants and toddlers. Together, these two kinds of institutions enroll 86% at age three and 99% at age five prior to their entrance into the formal system at 815:, and were attached to schools, government offices, or factories. Based on the Soviet model, these early childhood development programs provided nursery care, preschool, and kindergarten for children from three months to six years of age under the direction of the Department of Labor and Social Welfare. 3254:

Pupils attend nursery school for four or five terms. It is also common practice for many children to attend nursery much earlier than this. Many nurseries have the facilities to take on babies, using the 'Early Years Foundation Stage' framework as a guide to give each child the best possible start to

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Some nurseries are attached to state infant or primary schools, but many are provided by the private sector. The Scottish government provides funding so that all children from the age of three until they start compulsory school can attend five sessions per week of two and a half hours each, either in

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opened his first infant school in London in 1819, and went on to establish hundreds more. He published many works on the subject, and his work became the model for infant schools throughout England and further afield. Play was an important part of Wilderspin's system of education. He is credited with

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day care service, public and private preschools, kindergarten or school-based programs, community or church-based early childhood education programs initiated by non-government organizations or people's organizations, workplace-related child care and education programs, child-minding centers, health

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for ladies. Her studies and concern for children led her to spread, through conferences and numerous documents, the importance of protecting children early and to respond to the formation of a personality based on justice and understanding, as well as the use of Fröbel's and Montessori's methods and

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were officially instituted in a 1971 state law (L. 1044/1971), and may be run by either private or public institutions. They were originally established to allow mothers a chance to work outside of the home, and were therefore seen as a social service. Today, they mostly serve the purpose of general

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restrictions on female employment eliminated all of the remaining centers in areas under their control. In 2007, there were about 260 kindergarten/preschool centers serving over 25,000 children. Though every government center is required to have an early childhood center, at present, no governmental

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educational system, but attendance is not compulsory across the country; each state determines whether or not kindergarten is compulsory. Forty-three of the fifty states (the exceptions being Alaska, Idaho, Minnesota, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, and Pennsylvania) require school districts to

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There has been a huge growth in the number of privately owned and operated English immersion preschools in Taiwan since 1999. These English immersion preschools generally employ native English-speaking teachers to teach the whole preschool curriculum in an English only environment. The legality of

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disseminated copies of the Kindergarten Education Act through Republic Act No. 10157 making it compulsory and mandatory in the entire nation. As a provision in this law, children under five years old are required to enroll in a kindergarten in any public elementary school in the country. Education

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To help establish the culture of self-evaluation in kindergartens and to provide reference for the public in assessing the quality and standard of pre-primary education, the Education Bureau has developed performance indicators for pre-primary institutions in Hong Kong. Commencing in the 2000–2001

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The aim of pre-primary education in Hong Kong is to provide children with a relaxing and pleasurable learning environment to promote a balanced development of different aspects necessary to a child's development such as the physical, intellectual, language, social, emotional and aesthetic aspects.

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In New Zealand, kindergarten, commonly known as kindy, serves as preparation for primary education. Kindergartens in the country cater to children between two and five years old, offering various session options such as morning, afternoon, and full-day programs. The availability of these sessions

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At present, most of the kindergartens operate on a half-day basis offering upper and lower kindergarten and nursery classes. Some kindergartens also operate full-day kindergarten classes. Child care centres also provide full-day and half-day services with most centres providing full-day services.

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with the establishment in 1980 of 27 urban preschools. The number of preschools grew steadily during the 1980s, peaking in 1990 with more than 270 in Afghanistan. At its peak, there were 2,300 teachers caring for more than 21,000 children in the country. These facilities were an urban phenomenon,

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Early childhood education begins at home, and there are numerous books and television shows aimed at helping mothers and fathers of preschool children to educate their children and to parent more effectively. Much of the home training is devoted to teaching manners, social skills, and structured

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from morning until late afternoon when their parents return from work. Most Bulgarian kindergartens are public. Since 2012, two years of preschool education are compulsory. These two years of mandatory preschool education may be attended either in kindergarten or in preparatory groups at primary

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kindergartens available. Places in crèches and kindergarten are often difficult to secure and must be reserved in advance, although the situation has improved with a new law in effect August 2013. The availability of childcare, however, varies greatly by region. It is usually better in eastern

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Achtes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch, §24; children under the age of one are entitled to daycare if the caretaker is working, seeking work or attending school (section one); children from one to three years (section two) and from over three until they enter school (section three) are unconditionally

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Kindergarten programs in South Korea attempt to incorporate much academic instruction alongside more playful activities. Korean kindergartners learn to read, write (often in English as well as Korean) and do simple arithmetic. Classes are conducted in a traditional classroom setting, with the

1250:) stage. These can be two separate institutions, or a single combined one in different areas. Where there are two separate institutions, it is common for the kindergarten to consist of the two upper years, and the preschool to consist of one lower year. Common names for these three years are: 818:

The vast majority of Afghan families were never exposed to this system, and many of these families were in opposition to these programs due to the belief that it diminishes the central role of the family and inculcates children with Soviet values. With the onset of civil war after the Soviet

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schools are available throughout the kingdom, welcoming children aged two to five (although in many places, children under three may not be granted a place). It is not compulsory, yet almost 80% of children aged three to five attend. It is regulated by the Moroccan Department of Education.

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are municipal day care centres while the other third are privately owned and are run by associations of parents or businesses in agreement with local authorities. In terms of both finances and subject matter, municipal and private institutions function according to the same principles.

937:(NCTB) with slight modification, adding some extra books to the syllabus. The grades generally start from nursery (sometimes "play group"), "KG" afterwards, and end with the 5th grade. Separate from the National Education System, kindergarten contributes greatly toward achieving the 4745: 2416:. As of September 2013, there are approximately 152 kindergartens registered in the country. From those 152 kindergartens, 142 are state-owned. Children begin kindergarten at the age of two and finish it by five. The education system before kindergarten in Mongolia is called 3195:

In the UK, parents have the option of nursery for their children at the ages of three or four years, before compulsory education begins. Before that, less structured childcare is available privately. The details vary between England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

2483:, kindergartens are run as private institutions, with their lessons conducted in English. The kindergarten education in Nepal is most similar to that of Hong Kong and India. Children start attending kindergarten from the age of two until they are at least five years old. 1869:, provide services for children from three to six years old. Child care centres, on the other hand, are registered with the Social Welfare Department and include nurseries, catering for children aged two to three, and creches, looking after infants from birth to two. 3391:

and literally means "children-garden" or "garden of children". The term was coined in the metaphorical sense of "place where children can grow in a natural way", not in the literal sense of having a "garden" (although they usually do). The German pronunciation is

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The term kindergarten is rarely used in the UK to describe modern preschool education or the first years of compulsory primary school education. Preschools are usually known as creche, nursery schools, or playgroups, while the first year of schooling is known as

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were founded in Norway in the late 19th century. Although they have existed for 120 years, they are not considered part of the education system. They are both publicly and privately owned and operated. The staff, at minimum the manager, should be educated as

2860:) is for children aged six–seven, and since it became compulsory in 2012, it usually takes place inside regular school classrooms and is considered "year 0" of elementary education, bridging the gap between kindergarten and years 1–4 of elementary school. 562:(meaning "garden of children") on June 28, 1840, reflecting his belief that children should be nurtured and nourished "like plants in a garden". Fröbel introduced a pedagogical environment where children could develop through their own self-expression and 2207:

in English. Such specialized kindergartens can be mostly taught in Korean with some English lessons, mostly taught in English with some Korean lessons, or completely taught in English. Almost all middle-class parents send their children to kindergarten.

1146:(primary education), without being considered compulsory. Generally, schools imparting this level, the JUNJI (National Council of Kindergarten Schools) and other private institutions have the following organization of groups or subcategories of levels: 3152:

in England and Wales and Primary One in Scotland and Northern Ireland (though different terms may be used in the small minority of UK schools which teach primarily through the medium of a language other than English). Nursery forms part of the

516:, the first of eleven care centers that she founded for young children. In 1836 she established an institute for the foundation of preschool centers. The idea became popular among the nobility and the middle class and was copied throughout the 2708:

refers to the schooling children attend from three to six years of age. It is followed by primary school classes, which last for six years. Some families choose to send their children to primary school at the age of six. In 1902 the teacher

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gained a slightly derogatory meaning in everyday language. Until 1985, it used to be a separate non-compulsory form of education (for children aged four to six years), after which children (aged six to twelve years) attended primary school

4741: 2348:, who received the country's highest honor for her contribution. It consists of three years of preschool education, which are mandatory before elementary school. Previous nursery is optional and may be offered in either private schools or 2215:

Because the education system in Korea is very competitive, kindergartens are becoming more intensely academic. Children are pushed to read and write at a very young age. They also become accustomed to regular and considerable amounts of

969:), which is mandatory and precedes the 1st grade. When a child turns six years old between April 1 and December 31, he/she must be in kindergarten (last grade of preschool nursery school), also known as kindergarten III, also known as 873:

In Queensland, kindergarten is usually an institution for children around the age of four and thus it is the precursor to preschool and primary education. As with Victoria and Tasmania, the first year of primary school is also called

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In most schools, children begin kindergarten at age five for one year. Students develop skills such as numeracy, literacy, and a greater awareness of the world around them geographically, scientifically, socially, and culturally.

1359:) is a day care service offered to children from age three until the child starts attending school. Kindergarten classes (grade 0) were made mandatory in 2009 and are offered by primary schools before a child enters first grade. 1216: 963:) is the only non-compulsory education modality, for children up to four years old completed after March 31 for the vast majority of states. From the age of four completed until March 31, the child is eligible for preschool ( 3401: 3024:

Kindergarten in Sudan is divided into private and public kindergarten. Preschool is compulsory in Sudan. Kindergarten age spans from three–six years. The curriculum covers Arabic, English, religion, mathematics and more.

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was the first British person to study Fröbel's approach and he urged her to transplant his kindergarten concepts in England. Later, women trained by Fröbel opened kindergartens throughout Europe and around the world. The

4663: 1782:) working independently of any preschool institution in individual homes and looking after only three to five children, typically up to the age of three. These nurses are supported and supervised by local authorities. 7935: 8345: 3267:

The Scottish government defines its requirements for nursery schools in the Early Years Framework and the Curriculum for Excellence. Each school interprets these with more or less independence (depending on their

2672:'preschool teachers'. Children younger than three are often kept separate from the older children, since the youngest are only expected to play, rest and eat. All the children spend time outdoors every day. Many 8988: 642:

The Australian kindergarten movement emerged in the last decade of the nineteenth century as both a philanthropic and educational endeavour. The first free kindergarten in Australia was established in 1896 in

566:, facilitated by play, songs, stories, and various other activities; this was in contrast to earlier infant establishments, and Fröbel is therefore credited with the creation of the kindergarten. Around 1873, 4515: 1422:

and a seminar training kindergarten teachers during his study trip to Central Europe. As early as 1920, there were about 80 kindergartens in operation across Finland, with a total of about 6,000 children.

4489: 3686: 4205: 3043:, kindergarten activities were established in the 19th century, and have been widely expanded since the 1970s. The first Swedish kindergarten teachers were trained by Henriette Schrader-Breymann at the 4958:

The following reading list relates specifically to kindergarten in North America, where it is the first year of formal schooling and not part of the preschool system as it is in the rest of the world:

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The province of Ontario and the Northwest Territories provide two years of kindergarten, usually part of an elementary school. Within the French school system in Ontario, junior kindergarten is called

2851:, age five–six). In the last few years private kindergartens have become popular, supplementing the state preschool education system. Attending the last year of kindergarten is compulsory since 2020. 9166: 8355: 3208:

Every child in England at the first school term after their third birthday is entitled to 15 hours per week free childcare funding. Pre-schools in England follow the Early Learning Goals, set by the

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state-run or private nurseries. Working parents can also receive from their employers childcare worth £55 per week free of income tax, which is typically enough to pay for one or two days per week.

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and usually covers ages three to five, the three classes called baby class, middle class and top class, respectively. Pupils graduating from top class then go on to enrol in P1 – the first year of

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The Ministry of Education runs several MOE Kindergartens at highly subsidized fees for K1 and K2 students. Many other kindergartens and nurseries are managed by the private entities, including the

2304:. There are no fixed rules for when a child needs to go to a kindergarten, but the majority do at five years of age. The child will usually attend kindergarten for two years, before proceeding to 8993: 4312: 3180:

and is sometimes used in the naming of private nurseries that provide full-day child care for working parents. Historically the word was used during the nineteenth century when activists like

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an early establishment for caring for and educating preschool children whose parents were absent during the day. At about the same time, in 1780, similar infant establishments were created in

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schools are available throughout the country, welcoming children aged from three to five (although in many places, children under three may not be granted a place). The ages are divided into

627:, in 1870. By the end of the decade, they were common in large Canadian towns and cities. In 1882, The country's first public-school kindergartens were established in Berlin, Ontario (modern 1046:

generally provide one year of kindergarten, except some private schools which offer junior kindergarten (JK) for four-year-olds (school before kindergarten is most commonly referred to as

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countries, Finland has higher-than-average public funding for early childhood education and the highest number of staff for children under the age of three: only four children per adult.

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Kindergarten activity emphasis and background communities vary. In Finland, most kindergartens are society's service to families while some are private. The underlying philosophy may be

929:('children'), etc. The view of kindergarten education has changed significantly over time. Almost every rural area now has at least one kindergarten school, with most being run in the 8983: 4963:

Cryan, J. R.; Sheehan, R.; Wiechel, J.; Bandy-Hedden, I. G. (1992). "Success outcomes of full-day kindergarten: More positive behavior and increased achievement in the years after".

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play, although verbal and number skills are also popular themes. Parents are strongly committed to early education and frequently enroll their children in preschools. Kindergartens (

7961: 758: 2300:. Most kindergartens are available to children of ages five and six (and some are available to children as young as four). For children up to the age of three (or four), there are 9216: 9161: 3481: 1651:

Attendance is voluntary, and usually not free of charge. Preschool children over the age of one are entitled to receive local and affordable day care. Within the federal system,

9156: 8350: 8004: 4920: 2783:(literally 'preschool'), is a preschool educational institution for children aged from three to six, mandatory for children aged six (this class is also commonly referred to as 5041:

Morrow, L. M., Strickland, D. S., & Woo, D. G.(1998). "Literacy instruction in half- and whole-day kindergarten." Newark, DE: International Reading Association. ED 436 756.

9095: 2107: 3103:. Though non-mandatory, most children in Uganda today attend these classes. In most parts of Uganda, nursery schools are specialised schools completely separate from regular 2827:(literally 'small garden') is the favored form of education for preschool children usually aged three to six. The children are divided into three age groups: 'little group' ( 1442:

in different languages. Finnish kindergartens now have an early childhood education plan, and parenting discussions are held with the parents of each child every year. Among

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Olsen, M.I. 1955. "The development of play schools and kindergartens and an analysis of a sampling of these institutions in Alberta. Master's thesis, University of Alberta."

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In China, preschool education, before the child enters formal schooling at 6 years of age, is generally divided into a "nursery" or "preschool" stage and a "kindergarten" (

9191: 9171: 8998: 8697: 8319: 1766:(often associated with a primary school) for school-age children aged six to ten who spend time after their lessons there. Alongside nurseries, there are day care nurses ( 468:

mills, Owen wanted the children to be given a good moral education so that they would be fit for work. His system was successful in producing obedient children with basic

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and covers ages three to six, the three courses being called, respectively, P-3, P-4 and P-5. Though non-mandatory, most children in Spain attend these courses.

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is the name given to grades 1 through 6, so the name literally means 'prior to elementary school'). The kindergarten system in Mexico was developed by professor

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but are not part of the official education system. In addition to kindergartens, there exists a well-developed system of government-supervised nursery schools (

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Gillian Sutherland, 'Manning, (Elizabeth) Adelaide (1828–1905)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2007

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Early childhood education was strengthened through the creation of the Early Childhood Care and Development Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8980). In 2011, the

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children focused on the teacher and one lesson or activity at a time. The goal of the teacher is to overcome weak points in each child's knowledge or skills.

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Koopmans, M. (1991). "A study of longitudinal effects of all-day kindergarten attendance on achievement." Newark, NJ: Newark Board of Education. ED 336 494..

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education and social interaction. In Italy, much effort has been spent on developing a pedagogical approach to children's care: well known is the so-called

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and may be referred to interchangeably as preschool or kindergarten. In Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania, the term for the first year of primary school is

7965: 5774: 2386:, which made preschool education for three to six-year-olds obligatory, and placed it under the auspices of the federal and state ministries of education. 3462:"Kurze Chronik der ehemaligen und gegenwärtigen Ausbildungsstätten für Kleinkindlehrerinnen, Kindergärtnerinnen, Hortnerinnen und ErzieherInnen in Bayern" 2581:

depends on the capabilities of the specific center and the child's age. Typically, a full day at a kindergarten in New Zealand runs from 8:45 am to 3 pm.

2060:) were established in 1968 after State Law n. 444 and are a full part of the official Italian education system, though attendance is not compulsory. Like 1538:(TPS: two-year-olds). It became compulsory in 2018 for all children aged three. Even before the 2018 law, almost all children aged three to five attended 5044:

Olsen, D., & Zigler, E.(1989). "An assessment of the all-day kindergarten movement." Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 4(2), 167–186. EJ 394 085.

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Gullo, D. F. (1990). "The changing family context: Implications for the development of all-day kindergarten." Young Children, 45(4), 35–39. EJ 409 110.

4309: 1991: 4260: 1669:, there are a multitude of operators, from municipalities, churches and welfare societies to parents' initiatives and profit-based corporations. Many 7705: 4243: 5032:

Housden, T., & Kam, R. (1992). "Full-day kindergarten: A summary of the research." Carmichael, CA: San Juan Unified School District. ED 345 868.

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Korean kindergartens are private schools, and monthly costs vary. Korean parents often send their children to English kindergartens to give them a

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is not part of the state's mandatory education because the educational process in the country begins at the age of five or six, i.e. first grade.

9050: 1418:, known as the "father of the Finnish primary school", presented the idea of bringing kindergartens to Finland after attending a kindergarten in 5162: 3125:, the Education and Science Ministry of Ukraine reported in August 2010. Many preschools and kindergartens were closed previously in light of 2049:

are the classrooms, split into playroom and restroom; the playroom always has windows and doors leading to the outside playground and garden.

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Chinese kindergarten, primary, and secondary schools are sometimes affiliated with tertiary institutions, e.g. Experimental Kindergarten of

1982: 357:, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th century in 4717: 4404: 819:

withdrawal, the number of kindergartens dropped rapidly. By 1995, only 88 functioning facilities serving 2,110 children survived, and the

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becoming a competent learner and skilful communicator. Nurseries and playgroups are inspected and regulated by Her Majesty's Inspectors (

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Puleo, V. T.(1988). "A review and critique of research on full-day kindergarten." Elementary School Journal, 88(4), 427–439. EJ 367 934.

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for children ages three to six. The three years are commonly called nursery, kindergarten 1 (K1) and kindergarten 2 (K2), respectively.

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normally occupy small one-story buildings, surrounded by gardens; usually suitable for no more than 60 or 70 children. The heart of the

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refers to provision of education and care to young children by kindergartens and child care centres. Kindergartens, registered with the

5375: 1666: 7850: 4931: 4490:"Grupa mare la grădiniţă devine obligatorie. Fără ea, copiii nu mai pot fi înscrişi la clasa pregătitoare, anunţă ministrul Educaţiei" 2906:, literal translation of 'children's garden') is a preschool educational institution for children, usually three to six years of age. 2653:'children's garden' is the term equivalent to kindergarten, used for children in the ages between ten months and six years. The first 9201: 9013: 7690: 6529: 4112: 919:(kindergarten school), is used to refer to the schooling children attend from three to six years of age. The names of the levels are 491:, based on the school. He began working for the Infant School Society the next year, informing others about his views. He also wrote 3987: 2961:(K2), prepares children for their first year in primary school education. Some kindergartens further divide nursery into N1 and N2. 6169: 6081: 4862: 2268:). It is a public education facility which is attended by children between the age of four (or five) and six, when they advance to 1005:) refers to the caring and schooling children attend from ages three to seven (in some cases six). Usually the children attend the 8943: 8294: 5112: 4124: 2789:

or 'Class 0'), and optional for those aged seven whose parents submitted an application for the postponement of primary school.

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school year, quality assurance inspection was launched to further promote the development of quality early childhood education.

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policies deal with early childhood and no institutions have either the responsibility or the capacity to provide such services.

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founded the first English-language kindergarten in the US in 1860. The first free kindergarten in the US was founded in 1870 by

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Kindersite Project – Researching into the use of technology within Kindergartens with Kindergarten-appropriate Internet content

4678: 934: 377:, whose approach globally influenced early-years education. Today, the term is used in many countries to describe a variety of 5060:

McGill-Franzen, A. (2006). "Kindergarten literacy: Matching assessment and instruction in kindergarten." New York: Scholastic.

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system whereby children start school either in the term or year in which they will become five depending on the policy of the

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State (public) kindergartens only accept children older than three years, while private ones do not have such limitations.

1191:, for children from five to six years old. It is the last phase of this type of education; upon completion, children go to 493:

The Infant System, for developing the physical, intellectual, and moral powers of all children from 1 to seven years of age

4028: 3673: 2242:, Kuwaiti children may go to free government kindergartens for two years (KG1 and KG2) between the ages of four and five. 570:'s method for teaching instrumental music to young children was adopted by the national kindergarten movement in Germany. 8833: 8457: 8314: 6668: 6122: 4172: 322: 60: 17: 9411: 8883: 4240: 4190: 3935: 3572: 3546: 2082: 5050:

Towers, J. M. (1991). "Attitudes toward the all-day, everyday kindergarten." Children Today, 20(1), 25–28. EJ 431 720.

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and for a mandatory class that is usually connected to a primary school. Both systems are handled differently in each

9323: 9206: 9065: 5700: 5064: 3315: 3256: 2349: 733: 95: 3713: 715: 8898: 8793: 6635: 6544: 2882: 2220:. Very young children may also attend other specialized afternoon schools, taking lessons in art, piano or violin, 1574: 807: 286: 5072: 3594: 1318:

In some places, children at five to six years may in addition or instead attend reception or preparatory classes (

803:). Although kindergartens in Afghanistan are not part of the school system, they are often run by the government. 9385: 8948: 8766: 8664: 8477: 6964: 6730: 5243: 3303: 3142: 4984:

Elicker, J.; Mathur, S. (1997). "What do they do all day? Comprehensive evaluation of a full-day kindergarten".

3220:. The Early Learning Goals cover the main areas of education without being subject driven. These areas include: 8903: 8725: 8502: 8104: 7725: 6127: 5368: 5152: 4700: 3940: 3311: 2750:, such as neighborhood-based playgroups, family day care programs, parent education and home visiting programs. 711: 3811: 9176: 9128: 9085: 8008: 6539: 4468: 4426: 3216:, which carries on into their first year of school at the age of four. This year of school is usually called 707: 675: 655: 67: 35: 4836: 2931:

which has over 370 kindergartens Other kindergartens are run by religious bodies, civic or business groups.

1604:) is a facility for the care of preschool children who are typically at least three years old. By contrast, 8740: 8692: 8589: 8584: 8309: 8214: 6871: 5886: 4297: 3930: 3273: 3209: 2727: 2590: 938: 881:

The year preceding the first year of primary school education in Western Australia, South Australia or the

855: 9421: 9151: 7155: 6709: 6704: 3433: 2710: 2596: 1348: 2143:

North Korean children attend kindergarten from four to six. Kindergartens have two sections; low class (

1388:

In Egypt, children may go to kindergarten for two years (KG1 and KG2) between the ages of four and six.

9416: 9328: 8549: 7765: 7288: 6904: 6772: 6762: 6420: 5815: 5236: 4143:"OECD: Lisää miehiä varhaiskasvatukseen", Marjukka Liiten HS, Helsingin Sanomat, 29.3.2012 (in Finnish) 2949:

provide preschool programs for children of all ages up to six. The one to three-year program, known as

503: 662:

and worked to enhance educational standards for kindergarten teachers by establishing what became the

8264: 8229: 8184: 8000: 7875: 7865: 7670: 7340: 7250: 7235: 6984: 5825: 5728: 5401: 5361: 3166: 2940: 1221: 663: 659: 393: 197: 5035:

Karweit, N. (1992). "The kindergarten experience." Educational Leadership, 49(6), 82–86. EJ 441 182.

4125:

Suomen kuuden suurimman kaupungin lasten päivähoidon palvelujen ja kustannusten vertailu vuonna 2010

3044: 9237: 9075: 8978: 8888: 8838: 8798: 8649: 8154: 8149: 8044: 8036: 7880: 7770: 7700: 7200: 6789: 6735: 6147: 6063: 5835: 4400: 3394: 3213: 2928: 2575: 2506: 2204: 2178: 2138: 752: 696: 422: 3627: 1402: 8973: 8963: 8818: 8619: 8579: 8559: 8539: 8442: 8274: 8249: 8164: 8144: 8094: 8064: 8054: 7940: 7860: 7825: 7810: 7795: 7750: 7685: 7555: 7195: 6929: 6814: 6661: 6595: 6215: 6182: 5961: 5616: 4817: 4078: 3130: 2361:

usually consist of three grades, and a fourth may be added for nursery. The fourth one is called

2251: 1110:, which is also not mandatory by the age of five; this class is integrated into primary schools. 906: 700: 378: 315: 276: 4727: 1705:

are subsidised by the community councils, with the fees depending on the income of the parents.

1104:(which is not mandatory), is attended by four-year-olds, and senior kindergarten (SK) is called 9300: 9245: 9045: 8958: 8873: 8848: 8730: 8554: 8360: 8239: 8234: 8114: 7815: 7562: 7245: 7240: 6879: 6849: 6844: 6829: 6804: 6745: 6740: 6425: 6003: 5956: 5623: 5185: 4639: 3358: 3269: 2915: 2558:'primary education'. For children under four, the country offers private, subsidized day care ( 2024: 1856: 1680: 1662: 1661:, which usually delegate a large share of the responsibility to the municipalities. Due to the 833: 551: 446: 4573: 4536: 1740:

must have a three-year qualified education, or are under special supervision during training.

554:, as an experimental social experience for children entering school. He renamed his institute 9426: 9406: 9290: 9280: 9265: 9060: 8923: 8858: 8828: 8803: 8735: 8634: 8629: 8604: 8462: 8254: 8209: 8189: 8179: 8079: 7915: 7890: 7740: 7735: 7715: 7680: 7665: 7230: 7210: 7049: 6954: 6924: 6824: 6799: 6625: 6262: 6099: 6008: 5996: 5693: 4798: 4508:"Clasa pregătitoare, obligatorie din septembrie. Ce vor învăţa copiii şi cum vor fi evaluaţi" 3298: 2395: 2283: 1043: 984: 636: 632: 601: 442: 8720: 3121:

In 2010, a total of 56% of children aged one to six years old had the opportunity to attend

1847:). Kindergarten is a form of preschool and may be referred to interchangeably as preschool. 1717:

regions, and in big cities in the north, such as Berlin or Hamburg, and poorest in parts of

1438:

often also operate in connection with Finnish kindergartens. Kindergartens can also arrange

77: 9295: 9270: 9250: 9211: 9110: 8933: 8863: 8843: 8659: 8609: 8569: 8522: 8517: 8507: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8467: 8452: 8447: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8279: 8194: 8174: 8059: 8049: 7900: 7870: 7855: 7840: 7830: 7820: 7785: 7780: 7730: 7675: 7650: 7538: 7528: 7255: 7067: 7039: 7029: 6989: 6859: 6854: 6834: 6794: 6714: 6435: 6430: 6289: 6274: 6242: 6227: 6210: 6089: 6076: 5971: 5830: 5820: 5599: 5589: 4447: 3348: 3321: 3116: 2810: 2713:

organized the first kindergarten for children two to eight years old, Fanning annex to the

2431: 2372: 2301: 1922:

Most kindergartens are state-funded. Kindergarten teachers are required to have a diploma.

1890: 1569: 1427: 1397: 1059: 859: 624: 583: 385:

for children ranging from two to six years of age, based on a variety of teaching methods.

181: 7278: 3565:"infed.org – Education in Robert Owen's new society: the New Lanark institute and schools" 3449:

Female biography; containing notices of distinguished women, in different nations and ages

2068:(nursery schools), maternal schools may be held either by public or private institutions. 1758:) for children between the ages of eight weeks and three years, and possibly an afternoon 8: 9311: 9275: 9255: 9186: 9105: 8878: 8868: 8813: 8808: 8745: 8687: 8654: 8644: 8624: 8614: 8599: 8594: 8574: 8544: 8512: 8497: 8472: 8408: 8334: 8324: 8259: 8224: 8159: 8139: 8129: 8089: 8074: 8069: 7910: 7905: 7845: 7800: 7760: 7655: 7636: 7350: 7262: 7215: 7165: 7113: 7108: 7087: 7009: 6919: 6899: 6889: 6779: 6507: 6450: 5981: 5976: 5913: 5797: 5411: 5228: 3995: 3363: 3338: 3177: 3122: 3082: 3060: 3034: 2869: 2768: 2638: 2317: 2233: 2106:), predominantly staffed by young female junior college graduates, are supervised by the 1830: 1694: 1479: 1371: 1066:

refers to kindergarten as grade primary. After kindergarten, the child begins grade one.

1021: 956: 950: 535:

was one of the most influential founders of kindergartens, also coining the word in 1840.

3738: 3621: 3189: 2532: 539: 532: 404: 374: 9375: 9260: 9100: 9090: 9080: 9070: 8928: 8853: 8639: 8564: 8534: 8365: 8284: 8244: 8219: 8199: 8134: 8109: 8099: 8084: 7885: 7835: 7790: 7775: 7755: 7745: 7720: 7660: 7355: 7298: 7143: 6994: 6944: 6894: 6839: 6784: 6696: 6654: 6520: 6490: 6455: 6389: 6205: 6137: 6028: 5901: 5876: 5845: 5416: 4635: 3528: 3343: 3217: 3149: 3126: 3019: 2970: 2474: 2379: 2077: 1953: 1941: 1931: 1439: 1383: 1211: 1137: 1119: 882: 628: 597: 579: 567: 517: 308: 5109: 4997: 3864:

Larry Prochner, "A History of Early Education and Child Care in Canada, 1820–1966" in

1140:. It meets the needs of boys and girls integrally from birth until their entry to the 9285: 9181: 9133: 9055: 8823: 8389: 8204: 8169: 8124: 8119: 8028: 7895: 7805: 7695: 7601: 7533: 7345: 7327: 7205: 7175: 7148: 7138: 7128: 7123: 7092: 7024: 7014: 6999: 6959: 6767: 6750: 6460: 6440: 6294: 6284: 6247: 6142: 5951: 5923: 5805: 5756: 5719: 5662: 5594: 5406: 5384: 4976: 4854: 4643: 4579: 4278: 4221: 3962: 3954: 3944: 3911: 3901: 3838: 3532: 3368: 2693: 1802: 1690: 1658: 1485: 1431: 1026: 648: 593: 587: 499: 479: 434: 30:

This article is about preschool educational approach. For early years education, see

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Early childhood education in the Philippines is mandatory, and is classified into:

1866: 1718: 1319: 1297: 1276: 1255: 1233: 1051: 930: 244: 238: 207: 110: 4895: 4328: 7185: 7180: 7062: 7057: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6949: 6909: 6497: 6379: 6335: 6325: 6159: 6038: 5116: 5077: 4824: 4805: 4704: 4685: 4667: 4316: 4247: 4131: 4085: 3511:

Vag, Otto (March 1975). "The Influence of the English Infant School in Hungary".

3468: 3388: 3353: 2188: 2157: 2144: 787: 616: 563: 543: 140: 3461: 3428: 1944:

are provided in most parts of the country and institutes run by the government.

647:, by the Kindergarten Union of NSW (now KU Children's Services) led by reformer 373:

whose parents both worked outside home. The term was coined by German pedagogue

9364: 7405: 7118: 6615: 6534: 6404: 6220: 6112: 6094: 6071: 5966: 5865: 5840: 5786: 5466: 5332: 4660: 4134:, Kuusikko-työryhmä, Lasten päivähoito, Jaana Heinonen, 29.8.2011. (in Finnish) 3104: 3100: 2345: 2305: 2028: 1709: 897:. In Western Australia, the year preceding pre-primary is called kindergarten. 398: 382: 271: 222: 7283: 4962: 4602: 3788:

Ronalds, B.F. (2023). "Emily Ronalds (1795–1889) and her Social Reform Work".

3687:"Pioneers In Our Field: Friedrich Froebel – Founder of the First Kindergarten" 1374:, in which children spend most of every day outside in a natural environment. 9400: 8383: 7480: 7082: 7019: 6884: 6757: 6565: 6394: 6320: 6232: 6033: 5881: 5810: 5781: 5769: 5541: 5353: 5337: 5312: 5176: 5007:"The effect of full-day kindergarten on student achievement: A meta-analysis" 4616:

Education Ministry: Some 44 percent of children unable to attend kindergarten

3958: 3915: 3842: 3276:

in order to retain their licence to operate. The curriculum aims to develop:

3181: 3047:, which she founded in 1882. Today Kindergarten education is offered through 1645: 1055: 770: 620: 574: 528: 460:, opened the first British and probably globally the first infants school in 202: 7293: 3966: 3564: 3550: 3048: 2797: 7308: 7170: 6560: 6252: 6237: 6177: 6043: 5891: 5860: 5764: 5317: 5297: 5287: 2946: 2367:; it comes prior to the other three years and is not obligatory. While the 1966:. From left to right: restroom, bathroom, playroom, and outdoor playground. 1958: 1415: 547: 409: 7303: 3895: 3661:

Teaching Young Children: An Introduction to the Early Childhood Profession

1454: 68:

https://www.gov.pl/web/edukacja-i-nauka/6-latki-w-wychowaniu-przedszkolnym

8393: 7160: 6164: 5850: 5327: 5322: 5307: 5302: 5292: 5282: 5220: 5143: 5104: 3882:

History of Early Childhood Education in Canada, Australia and New Zealand

2874: 2678:

let the children sleep outdoors too. There is also an institution called

2512: 2368: 2184: 2126: 1750:

can be open from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. or longer and may also house a crèche (

1198: 1063: 766: 465: 453: 266: 250: 150: 4361:"Preschool and kindergarten in New Zealand – Kiwi Education New Zealand" 604:. The first publicly financed kindergarten in the US was established in 7133: 6384: 5991: 5126: 4722: 3897:

A voice for young children : 75 years of Early Childhood Australia

3760: 3524: 2921: 1676: 1561: 912: 609: 484: 461: 426: 281: 176: 121: 5054: 806:

Early childhood development programs were first introduced during the

600:, a German industrialist and philanthropist, who also established the 7371: 6934: 6677: 6107: 5736: 5432: 5388: 5272: 5201: 4619: 3096: 3092: 2221: 1862: 1435: 1047: 863: 605: 457: 342: 339: 296: 291: 212: 155: 31: 4697: 4469:"6-latki w wychowaniu przedszkolnym – Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki" 4427:"6-latki w wychowaniu przedszkolnym – Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki" 4206:"Law Goes into Effect Requiring Child Care for Most German Children" 4187:"Germany's child care law aims to get more moms back to work – WBEZ" 1556: 685: 6809: 6590: 6340: 5986: 4258: 3807: 2802: 2740: 2401: 2289: 2217: 1713: 990: 851: 769:, children between the ages of three and six attend kindergartens ( 513: 512:('angel garden' in Hungarian) on May 27, 1828, in her residence in 473: 469: 370: 5135: 5006: 3663:(2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. pp. 45–46. 3010:

are specialized schools completely separate from regular schools.

757: 639:(teacher training) opened a department for kindergarten teaching. 7004: 6355: 6350: 5946: 5941: 3626:. London: W. Simpkin & R. Marshall, Goyder, printer. p. 2816: 2437: 1908: 1900: 1498:(French for "nursery school", literally "maternal school"). Free 1419: 1363: 1225: 1039: 1031: 820: 438: 430: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 145: 4840: 4203: 4079:

Chilean Ministry of Education – Help Guide, Educación Parvularia

3649:

Public Preschool Education In Hungary: A Historical Survey, 1980

3325:

offer a kindergarten year, either for a full-day or a half-day.

2684:'children's park', which does not need to have certified staff. 5855: 5709: 5678: 3868:(eds. Larry Prochner and Nina Howe), Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000 3088: 3066: 3040: 2891: 2774: 2714: 2644: 2323: 2239: 1327: 1305: 1284: 1263: 1241: 1095: 1082: 644: 542:(1782–1852) opened a "play and activity" institute in 1837, in 366: 135: 2878:

Children of a kindergarten on a walk, Leningrad, Russia, 1930s

1620:

refers to a crèche for the care of children before they enter

5121: 3158: 2523:. From the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century the term 2480: 1971: 1937: 1370:

Denmark is credited with pioneering (although not inventing)

1030:

Student teachers training in a kindergarten class in 1898 in

812: 160: 6646: 5057:" Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics 2422:, which accepts children between zero and two years of age. 4921:"The New York State Kindergarten Learning Standards (2019)" 4527: 4525: 4375: 2699: 2550:). After 1985, both forms were integrated into one, called 1443: 1407: 5258: 5065:"Full-Day Kindergarten: Expanding Learning Opportunities." 4771:"Statutory framework for the early years foundation stage" 3320:

In the United States, kindergarten is usually part of the

3002:

and take courses P-0, P-1 and P-2. In most parts of Spain

2886:

A playground at a kindergarten. Kaliningrad region, Russia

2566:), which is non-compulsory but nevertheless very popular. 5053:

West, J., Denton, K., & Germino-Hausken, E.(2000). "

4522: 3065:

While many public kindergartens and preschools exist in

2994:

Before that, children aged zero to three may attend the

2920:

Kindergartens in Singapore provide up to three years of

2624: 2612: 2600: 2535:. However, this term gradually faded in use as the verb 1895: 870:(short for "preparatory"), which is followed by year 1. 4054:"Kindergarten is optional, depending on where you live" 3939:. Vol. 7. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 1636:—literally 'children's day site', usually shortened to 1336:) focusing on preparing children for formal schooling. 1006: 994: 4672: 2486:

The kindergartens in Nepal have the following grades:

1974:, preschool education refers to two different grades: 1793:('preschool') is used both for educational efforts in 615:

Canada's first private kindergarten was opened by the

2901: 1903:

preschool class having outdoor activities, March 2007

4572:

Lees, Andrew; Lynn Hollen Lees (December 13, 2007).

4571: 2294: 2195: 2164: 2151: 798: 4204:SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany (August 1, 2013). 3597:. Socialist-courier.blogspot.co.uk. June 29, 2012. 2269: 2263: 2257: 2086:

A girl at a Japanese kindergarten entrance ceremony

1362:Two-thirds of established day care institutions in 4115:, Outi Kokko, Taloussanomat 19.5.2010 (in Finnish) 3176:is used for more specialist organisations such as 1564:(Germany), nowadays the Keilhau Free Fröbel School 933:. They also follow the textbooks published by the 781: 502:(1775–1861), who had known and been influenced by 5110:Recent Research on All-Day Kindergarten in the US 4983: 4597: 4595: 4575:Cities and the Making of Modern Europe, 1750–1914 4558:https://www.moe.gov.sg/preschool/moe-kindergarten 4162:Grundgesetz Artikel 30, "Kulturhoheit der Länder" 3595:"Socialist – Courier: Robert Owen and New Lanark" 1988:for children between three and thirty-six months; 1124:In Chile, the term equivalent to kindergarten is 9398: 4535:. PAP Community Foundation (PCF). Archived from 3900:. Sandie Wong. : Early Childhood Australia Inc. 3790:Transactions of the Unitarian Historical Society 2618: 2606: 1708:Even in smaller townships, there are often both 970: 964: 464:, Scotland. In conjunction with his venture for 4691: 4567: 4565: 3659:Puckett, Margaret B.; Diffily, Deborah (2004). 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2654: 2648: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2111: 2092: 1913: 1675:follow a certain educational approach, such as 1000: 523: 507: 9230: 8780: 5383: 4592: 3658: 2855: 2845: 2837: 2829: 2821: 2332:, with the last year sometimes referred to as 2118: 2099: 1406:Interior of the Taikurinhattu kindergarten in 941:of universal primary education in Bangladesh. 489:On the Importance of Educating the Infant Poor 416: 6662: 5694: 5369: 5244: 5004: 4578:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 177–. 3674:Kinder bilden Sprache – Sprache bildet Kinder 3004: 2996: 2985: 2977: 2895: 2703: 2362: 2356: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2062: 2054: 2043: 2035: 2016: 2004: 1996: 1980: 1192: 1153:Babies from eighty-five days to one year old. 1141: 1131: 1125: 1062:, and is optional elsewhere. The province of 924: 858:, it is the first year of primary school. In 316: 9335:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 4562: 4283:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4241:Hungary lowers mandatory school age to three 4226:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3876: 3874: 3866:Early Childhood Care and Education in Canada 3835:Appletons' cyclopaedia of American biography 3783: 3781: 3471:in "Das Kita-Handbuch", ed. Martin R. Textor 2945:Kindergartens (commonly known as creche) in 2784: 2778: 2666:'kindergarten teacher', previously known as 2493:Lower kindergarten: three- to four-year-olds 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2027:, named after the city of Reggio Emilia, in 1815: 1807: 1795: 1787: 1776: 1768: 1760: 1752: 1744: 1734: 1726: 1699: 1684: 1670: 1652: 1648:for any day care facility for preschoolers. 1638: 1630: 1622: 1614: 1606: 1598: 1591: 1584: 1539: 1532: 1524: 1516: 1508: 1500: 1492: 1468: 1460: 1354: 1105: 1099: 1086: 1076: 1070: 556: 506:, was influenced by this example to open an 5100:Sources for kindergarten teachers in the US 4855:"Kindergarten requirements, by state: 2010" 4765: 4763: 4419: 4103:. Porvoo-Helsinki: WSOY, 1983. (in Finnish) 3832: 3623:The Importance of Educating the Infant Poor 2623:) when the children are younger than four. 2560: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2525: 2517: 2496:Upper kindergarten: four- to five-year-olds 1842: 1836: 1181:, for children from four to five years old. 714:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 6669: 6655: 5701: 5687: 5376: 5362: 5251: 5237: 5070: 4792: 4780:. Department for Education. March 31, 2021 4742:"Appendix 2: early years foundation stage" 4461: 3761:"Dolmetsch Online – Composers Biography W" 3619: 3233:personal, social and emotional development 3188:were introducing educators to the work of 2515:, the equivalent term to kindergarten was 2490:Nursery/playgroup: two- to three-year-olds 586:, in 1856, and was conducted in German by 323: 309: 4259:Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. 4146: 3871: 3833:Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John (1968). 3778: 2375:, the other two are classroom education. 2187:, children normally attend kindergarten ( 1628:(nine weeks to about three years), while 1560:Allgemeine Deutsche Erziehungsanstalt in 850:) means something slightly different. In 734:Learn how and when to remove this message 96:Learn how and when to remove this message 9032: 5073:"Kindergarten: It's the new first grade" 4863:National Center for Education Statistics 4760: 4500: 4448:"Zapisz dziecko do przedszkola – Gov.pl" 4373: 4291: 4095: 4093: 3931:"Maybanke Susannah Anderson (1845–1927)" 3928: 3689:. Scholastic Corporation. Archived from 3513:International Journal of Early Childhood 3297: 3157:of education. In the 1980s, England and 2881: 2873: 2796: 2081: 1957: 1894: 1573: 1555: 1453: 1401: 1215: 1025: 756: 527: 403: 392: 109: 56:lists the same citations more than once. 8407: 7635: 7624: 3787: 2010:, for children three to five years old. 761:A kindergarten classroom in Afghanistan 14: 9399: 5259:Educational years in the United States 5142: 5071:Schoenberg, Nara (September 4, 2010). 4847: 4407:from the original on November 19, 2010 4113:Katso paljonko hoitosi oikeasti maksaa 3451:. Philadelphia: Thomas Wardle. p. 230. 2256:In Luxembourg, kindergarten is called 1171:Children from three to four years old. 935:National Curriculum and Textbook Board 9229: 9031: 8779: 8406: 8027: 8026: 7634: 7623: 7325: 6688: 6650: 5682: 5357: 5232: 4298:Education in Malaysia – School grades 4090: 3893: 3601:from the original on October 23, 2013 3575:from the original on January 23, 2013 3393: 1657:fall under the responsibility of the 1254:Nursery (or preschool or playgroup) ( 1165:Children from two to three years old. 573:In 1840, the well-connected educator 6631: 6481:Ancient higher-learning institutions 5175: 4885:"Compulsory School Age Requirements" 4744:. Government of the United Kingdom. 4518:from the original on March 26, 2012. 4374:Korsvold, Tora (December 14, 2020), 4300:, view Malaysian school grades here. 4156: 3992:Department of Education and Training 3557: 3504: 878:, which is then followed by year 1. 774: 712:adding citations to reliable sources 679: 40: 9381: 4928:New York State Education Department 4808:, Scottish Government, January 2009 3510: 2835:, age three–four), 'medium group' ( 1272:): three- to four-year-old children 1159:Children from one to two years old. 791: 658:wrote extensively on the theory of 397:Kindergarten in Amsterdam 1880, by 24: 4986:Early Childhood Research Quarterly 4965:Early Childhood Research Quarterly 4953: 4892:Education Commission of the States 4748:from the original on June 21, 2015 3936:Australian Dictionary of Biography 3814:from the original on June 21, 2015 3488:. February 7, 2017. Archived from 3482:"Learning is fun at Kinder School" 3426: 2843:, age four–five) and 'big group' ( 2584: 1835:In Greece, kindergarten is called 1314:): five- to six-year-old children. 1293:): four- to five-year-old children 1075:and senior kindergarten is called 437:established a preschool center in 25: 9438: 5093: 4718:"Parenting, Help with Child Care" 4514:(in Romanian). January 22, 2012. 4341:from the original on June 6, 2011 3711: 3316:National Kindergarten Association 3257:Office for Standards in Education 3136: 2975:In Spain, kindergarten is called 2801:Kindergarten children in 1942 in 2224:, ballet, soccer or mathematics. 1490:In France, preschool is known as 9380: 9371: 9370: 9358: 8894:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8388: 8379: 8378: 7936:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 7706:Democratic Republic of the Congo 7600: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6609: 5708: 5661: 5134: 3293: 3272:structure) but must satisfy the 3212:, for education produced by the 2262:(literally 'playschool', plural 1578:(East) German Kindergarten, 1956 1098:, junior kindergarten is called 1050:). Kindergarten is mandatory in 684: 487:. In 1823, Wilderspin published 425:and Louise Scheppler founded in 287:Men in early childhood education 45: 4913: 4877: 4829: 4811: 4734: 4710: 4653: 4625: 4609: 4551: 4482: 4440: 4393: 4367: 4353: 4321: 4303: 4252: 4234: 4197: 4179: 4165: 4137: 4118: 4106: 4072: 4046: 4010: 3980: 3922: 3887: 3858: 3849: 3826: 3800: 3753: 3731: 3714:"Friedrich Froebel (1782–1852)" 3705: 3679: 3667: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3613: 3304:East Texas State Normal College 3302:1921 kindergarten class at the 3143:Education in the United Kingdom 2934: 2854:The 'preparatory school year' ( 2384:Law of Obligatory Pre-schooling 1962:Typical classroom layout in an 1466:was the former name of current 1136:. It is the first level of the 885:is referred to respectively as 445:, Germany (now in the State of 353:, practical activities such as 9051:Federated States of Micronesia 8346:British Indian Ocean Territory 5153:New International Encyclopedia 4698:Tax Free Childcare Regulations 3941:Australian National University 3808:"Watertown Historical Society" 3587: 3539: 3474: 3454: 3441: 3420: 3381: 3312:Education in the United States 2721: 2599:equivalent of kindergarten is 2569: 2500: 2172: 2132: 1546:Ministry of National Education 1332: 1310: 1289: 1268: 1246: 746: 27:Preschool educational approach 13: 1: 6676: 4998:10.1016/S0885-2006(97)90022-3 4603:"Henriette Schrader-Breymann" 4261:"Current Status of Childcare" 4153:entitled to receive day care. 3447:Samuel Lorenzo Knapp (1843), 3413: 2245: 2169:). High class is compulsory. 972:3º período da Escola Infantil 900: 676:Category:Education by country 669: 664:National College of Education 80:to identify unique citations. 36:Kindergarten (disambiguation) 9019:United States Virgin Islands 6689: 5887:University technical college 4977:10.1016/0885-2006(92)90004-i 3210:Early Years Foundation Stage 2909: 2728:Education in the Philippines 2591:Education in North Macedonia 1911:a kindergarten is called an 1850: 915:, the term kindergarten, or 862:, kindergarten is a form of 856:Australian Capital Territory 838:In each state of Australia, 827: 782: 524:Creation of the kindergarten 7: 8781:Education in North America 5127:Watch the 1962 documentary 4703:September 10, 2010, at the 3988:"Early Childhood Education" 3929:Kingston, Beverley (1979). 3620:Wilderspin, Samuel (1823). 3434:Online Etymology Dictionary 3332: 3262: 2902: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2454: 2448: 2412: 2404:, kindergarten is known as 2389: 2292:, kindergarten is known as 2277: 2196: 2165: 2152: 2112: 2093: 1837: 1697:are well established. Most 1440:language immersion programs 1349:Danish pre-school education 1007: 995: 978: 939:Millennium Development Goal 925: 842:(frequently referred to as 799: 417:Early years and development 10: 9443: 9231:Education in South America 7326: 5816:College-preparatory school 4804:November 11, 2010, at the 4688:of the Scottish Government 4632:Encyclopedia of Motherhood 4533:"Kindergarten Information" 4101:Maamme koulutusjärjestelmä 3739:"Froebel: an introduction" 3486:Preschool and Kindergarten 3467:September 4, 2013, at the 3387:The term is borrowed from 3309: 3250:expressive arts and design 3227:communication and language 3203: 3140: 3114: 3110: 3080: 3058: 3032: 3017: 2968: 2938: 2913: 2867: 2808: 2792: 2766: 2725: 2691: 2636: 2588: 2573: 2504: 2472: 2429: 2425: 2393: 2315: 2281: 2249: 2231: 2176: 2136: 2075: 1951: 1929: 1888: 1884: 1854: 1828: 1567: 1551: 1530:(PS: three-year-olds) and 1483: 1477: 1395: 1391: 1381: 1346: 1342: 1209: 1185:Second level of transition 1175:First level of transition: 1138:Chilean educational system 1117: 1019: 982: 948: 904: 854:, New South Wales and the 831: 750: 673: 504:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 441:, the capital of the then 388: 231:Institutions and standards 29: 9412:Early childhood education 9352: 9309: 9236: 9142: 9119: 9038: 8994:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 8912: 8786: 8759: 8711: 8673: 8415: 8374: 8333: 8293: 8035: 7949: 7924: 7643: 7630: 7619: 7595: 7549: 7515: 7474: 7456: 7417: 7399: 7365: 7341:Early childhood education 7334: 7321: 7271: 7101: 7048: 6870: 6723: 6695: 6684: 6604: 6583: 6553: 6516: 6476: 6469: 6413: 6372: 6316: 6307: 6270: 6261: 6201: 6194: 6056: 6021: 5932: 5909: 5900: 5826:Comprehensive high school 5796: 5755: 5727: 5717: 5656: 5610: 5576: 5535: 5517: 5478: 5460: 5426: 5402:Early childhood education 5395: 5264: 5217: 5210: 5198: 5105:Friedrich Fröbel timeline 4315:October 12, 2006, at the 4246:December 2, 2013, at the 3741:. University of Edinburgh 3395:[ˈkɪndɐˌɡaːɐ̯tn̩] 3237:The four specific areas: 3167:local education authority 3076: 3054: 3028: 2941:Education in South Africa 2896: 2863: 2762: 2744:centers and stations; and 2632: 2619: 2607: 2418: 2406: 2326:, kindergarten is called 2311: 2227: 2192: 2161: 2148: 2119: 2100: 1843: 1824: 1686:Berliner Bildungsprogramm 1544:. It is regulated by the 1449: 1414:At the end of the 1850s, 1323: 1301: 1280: 1259: 1237: 1222:Beijing Normal University 1015: 1001: 955:In Brazil, kindergarten ( 944: 660:early childhood education 617:Wesleyan Methodist Church 582:in the US was founded in 198:Early childhood education 9202:Northern Mariana Islands 9014:Turks and Caicos Islands 8095:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 7691:Central African Republic 6183:State-integrated school 6057:By funding / eligibility 5836:Continuation high school 5055:America's Kindergartners 4684:October 7, 2012, at the 4666:October 9, 2020, at the 3519:(1). Springer: 132–136. 3374: 3214:Department for Education 3013: 2964: 2929:PAP Community Foundation 2718:parental participation. 2576:Education in New Zealand 2507:Education in Netherlands 2468: 2440:, preschool is known as 2179:Education in South Korea 2139:Education in North Korea 2071: 1978:Nursery schools, called 1947: 1925: 1861:Pre-primary Services in 1377: 1205: 1130:, sometimes also called 1113: 753:Education in Afghanistan 423:Johann Friedrich Oberlin 379:educational institutions 114:A kindergarten classroom 9167:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8356:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6596:Educational institution 6216:Anarchistic free school 5962:Institute of technology 5168:Encyclopædia Britannica 5115:April 11, 2011, at the 4823:August 1, 2010, at the 3894:Press, Frances (2013). 3247:understanding the world 3223:The three prime areas: 3161:officially adopted the 2756:Department of Education 2687: 2531:was also common, after 2295: 2252:Education in Luxembourg 1094:Within the province of 907:Education in Bangladesh 645:Sydney, New South Wales 588:Margaretha Meyer-Schurz 277:Child Online Protection 8944:British Virgin Islands 8458:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6426:Compensatory education 6178:State or public school 6004:Upper division college 5186:Encyclopedia Americana 5171:(11th ed.). 1911. 5067:San Francisco: WestEd. 5005:Fusaro, J. A. (1997). 4640:Sage Publications, Inc 4173:"Child care in Berlin" 4130:March 5, 2016, at the 4018:"LITERACY IN BULGARIA" 3640:Budapest Lexikon, 1993 3359:Reggio Emilia approach 3307: 3283:effective contributors 3045:Pestalozzi-Fröbel Haus 3005: 2997: 2986: 2978: 2916:Education in Singapore 2887: 2879: 2856: 2846: 2838: 2830: 2822: 2806: 2785: 2779: 2711:Elvira García y García 2704: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2655: 2649: 2561: 2553: 2546: 2538: 2526: 2518: 2460: 2442: 2363: 2357: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2087: 2063: 2055: 2044: 2036: 2025:Reggio Emilia approach 2017: 2005: 1997: 1981: 1967: 1964:Italian nursery school 1914: 1904: 1857:Education in Hong Kong 1816: 1808: 1796: 1788: 1777: 1769: 1761: 1753: 1745: 1735: 1727: 1700: 1685: 1671: 1663:subsidiarity principle 1653: 1639: 1631: 1623: 1615: 1607: 1599: 1592: 1585: 1579: 1565: 1540: 1533: 1525: 1522:(MS: four-year-olds), 1517: 1514:(GS: five-year-olds), 1509: 1501: 1493: 1475: 1469: 1461: 1411: 1355: 1229: 1201:of primary education). 1193: 1142: 1132: 1126: 1106: 1100: 1087: 1077: 1071: 1035: 971: 965: 960: 834:Education in Australia 762: 564:self-directed learning 557: 552:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 536: 508: 447:North Rhine-Westphalia 413: 401: 115: 76:Please consider using 34:. For other uses, see 9145:and other territories 8884:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7851:São Tomé and Príncipe 7711:Republic of the Congo 6082:Comprehensive school 6009:Vocational university 5139:Texts on Wikisource: 4901:on September 18, 2016 4799:Early Years Framework 4679:Childcare regulations 4661:accessed 26 July 2015 4382:(in Norwegian Bokmål) 4380:Store norske leksikon 4084:July 7, 2011, at the 3553:on February 22, 2004. 3301: 3280:confident individuals 2885: 2877: 2800: 2737:Center-based programs 2396:Education in Mongolia 2380:Congress of the Union 2284:Education in Malaysia 2274:(elementary school). 2108:Ministry of Education 2085: 1961: 1898: 1577: 1559: 1457: 1405: 1219: 1044:Northwest Territories 1029: 985:Education in Bulgaria 760: 637:Toronto Normal School 602:Poppenhusen Institute 531: 443:principality of Lippe 407: 396: 113: 59:The reason given is: 9033:Education in Oceania 8409:Education in Europe 8270:United Arab Emirates 7637:Education in Africa 6860:Instructional design 6545:in the United States 6436:Continuing education 6431:Compulsory education 6275:Free school movement 6243:Single-sex education 6228:International school 6211:Democratic education 6090:For-profit education 6077:Community day school 5972:Liberal arts college 5831:Comprehensive school 5821:Collegiate institute 4707:, UK government HMRC 4193:on January 26, 2015. 3837:. Gale Research Co. 3349:Montessori education 3286:responsible citizens 3230:physical development 3178:forest kindergartens 3117:Education in Ukraine 2811:Education in Romania 2611:), sometimes called 2432:Education in Morocco 2355:At private schools, 2302:preschool playgroups 2006:scuola dell'infanzia 1891:Education in Hungary 1695:forest kindergartens 1570:Education in Germany 1534:toute petite section 1398:Education in Finland 1372:forest kindergartens 1296:Upper kindergarten ( 1275:Lower kindergarten ( 1133:educación preescolar 1127:educación parvularia 1060:Prince Edward Island 708:improve this section 625:Prince Edward Island 584:Watertown, Wisconsin 456:, a philosopher and 433:. In 1802, Princess 190:Educational settings 182:Pre-school playgroup 8899:Trinidad and Tobago 8794:Antigua and Barbuda 8674:States with limited 8297:limited recognition 7926:States with limited 7625:Education by region 7351:Secondary education 7263:Teaching philosophy 7166:Pedagogical pattern 7109:21st century skills 7088:Religious education 6731:Aims and objectives 6554:Informal or illegal 6508:Medieval university 6451:Inclusive education 6421:College preparatory 5982:Residential college 5977:Research university 5914:Professional school 5789:/ Elementary school 5412:Secondary education 5011:Child Study Journal 4937:on October 25, 2020 4539:on January 26, 2012 3718:StateUniversity.com 3676:, p. 24 (in German) 3364:Universal preschool 3339:Forest kindergarten 3289:successful learners 3123:preschool education 3083:Education in Uganda 3061:Education in Taiwan 3035:Education in Sweden 3006:escuelas infantiles 2870:Education in Russia 2769:Education in Poland 2748:Home-based programs 2639:Education in Norway 2318:Education in Mexico 2234:Education in Kuwait 1831:Education in Greece 1778:Tagespflegepersonen 1480:Education in France 1085:of the German word 1038:Schools outside of 1022:Education in Canada 951:Education in Brazil 61:DuplicateReferences 18:Junior kindergarten 9422:Educational stages 9365:Schools portal 8834:Dominican Republic 8029:Education in Asia 7356:Tertiary education 7294:Learning resources 6785:Education sciences 6616:Schools portal 6521:indigenous peoples 6518:Schools imposed on 6456:Remedial education 6390:Distance education 6206:Alternative school 6195:By style / purpose 6170:Specialist school 6029:All-through school 5877:Sixth form college 5417:Tertiary education 4843:on March 22, 2012. 4363:. August 17, 2020. 4216:on August 3, 2013. 3998:on August 29, 2007 3693:on October 9, 2020 3525:10.1007/bf03175934 3344:Head Start Program 3308: 3172:However, the word 3091:, kindergarten is 3020:Education in Sudan 2987:Educación Infantil 2971:Education in Spain 2892:Russian Federation 2888: 2880: 2857:clasa pregătitoare 2807: 2475:Education in Nepal 2458:. State-run, free 2156:) and high class ( 2088: 2078:Education in Japan 2052:Maternal schools ( 1968: 1954:Education in Italy 1932:Education in India 1905: 1724:All caretakers in 1580: 1566: 1476: 1412: 1384:Education in Egypt 1230: 1212:Education in China 1169:High Middle Level: 1120:Education in Chile 1036: 961:Jardim de Infância 883:Northern Territory 763: 656:Elizabeth Harrison 654:American educator 598:Conrad Poppenhusen 580:first kindergarten 568:Caroline Wiseneder 537: 518:Kingdom of Hungary 414: 402: 345:approach based on 116: 9417:Educational years 9394: 9393: 9348: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9316:other territories 9225: 9224: 9217:Wallis and Futuna 9162:Clipperton Island 9120:Associated states 9027: 9026: 8916:other territories 8775: 8774: 8402: 8401: 8339:other territories 8022: 8021: 7953:other territories 7726:Equatorial Guinea 7615: 7614: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7571: 7509: 7508: 7504: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7450: 7449: 7445: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7436: 7435: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7387: 7346:Primary education 7317: 7316: 7206:Dialogic learning 7176:Teacher retention 7129:Critical thinking 7124:Class arrangement 7093:Special education 6768:Standardized test 6751:Course evaluation 6644: 6643: 6579: 6578: 6461:Special education 6441:Further education 6368: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6303: 6302: 6290:Montessori school 6285:Laboratory school 6248:Specialist school 6186: 6173: 6118:UK private school 6103: 6085: 6067: 6052: 6051: 6017: 6016: 5952:Community college 5924:Vocational school 5806:Adult high school 5720:educational stage 5676: 5675: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5632: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5407:Primary education 5351: 5350: 5227: 5226: 5218:Succeeded by 5181:Kindergarten, The 4837:"Care Commission" 4818:Ltscotland.org.uk 4730:on March 3, 2009. 4648:978-1-4129-6846-1 4622:(August 11, 2010) 4585:978-0-521-83936-5 4034:on March 26, 2017 3950:978-0-522-84459-7 3907:978-1-921162-71-8 3765:www.dolmetsch.com 3712:Gutek, Gerald L. 3547:"New Lanark Kids" 3492:on April 18, 2017 3427:Harper, Douglas. 3369:Waldorf education 3274:Care Inspectorate 2694:Education in Peru 2562:kinderdagverblijf 1809:Schulkindergarten 1665:stipulated by §4 1632:Kindertagesstätte 1486:Pauline Kergomard 1432:Waldorf education 1187:: Usually called 1163:Low Middle Level: 808:Soviet occupation 797: 780: 744: 743: 736: 649:Maybanke Anderson 594:Elizabeth Peabody 500:Theresa Brunszvik 480:Samuel Wilderspin 435:Pauline zur Lippe 408:Kindergarten, by 333: 332: 106: 105: 98: 16:(Redirected from 9434: 9384: 9383: 9374: 9373: 9363: 9362: 9361: 9336: 9324:Falkland Islands 9238:Sovereign states 9227: 9226: 9207:Pitcairn Islands 9177:French Polynesia 9157:Christmas Island 9086:Papua New Guinea 9066:Marshall Islands 9039:Sovereign states 9029: 9028: 8984:Saint Barthélemy 8914:Dependencies and 8787:Sovereign states 8777: 8776: 8712:Dependencies and 8416:Sovereign states 8404: 8403: 8392: 8382: 8381: 8351:Christmas Island 8037:Sovereign states 8024: 8023: 8014: 8013:(United Kingdom) 8009:Tristan da Cunha 8005:Ascension Island 7997: 7984: 7975: 7951:Dependencies and 7644:Sovereign states 7632: 7631: 7621: 7620: 7604: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7546: 7522:Higher education 7518: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7477: 7476: 7472: 7471: 7463:Secondary school 7459: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7414: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7396: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7362: 7337: 7336: 7323: 7322: 7251:Student-centered 7236:Phenomenon-based 7226:Peer instruction 7191:Blended learning 7114:Bloom's taxonomy 7078:Gifted education 7073:Education reform 6905:Computer science 6686: 6685: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6634: 6633: 6624: 6623: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6503:Cathedral school 6486:Platonic Academy 6474: 6473: 6446:Gifted education 6400:Prison education 6346:Parochial school 6331:Christian school 6314: 6313: 6280:Folk high school 6268: 6267: 6199: 6198: 6184: 6172:(United Kingdom) 6171: 6155:Selective school 6101: 6083: 6065: 5919:Technical school 5907: 5906: 5871:Secondary school 5775:Global influence 5742:Pre-kindergarten 5725: 5724: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5680: 5679: 5665: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5583:Higher education 5579: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5524:Secondary school 5520: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5475: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5423: 5398: 5397: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5355: 5354: 5343:Thirteenth grade 5269:Pre-kindergarten 5253: 5246: 5239: 5230: 5229: 5206:Pre-kindergarten 5199:Preceded by 5196: 5195: 5190: 5172: 5157: 5138: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5001: 4980: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4936: 4930:. Archived from 4925: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4900: 4894:. Archived from 4889: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4839:. Archived from 4833: 4827: 4815: 4809: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4775: 4767: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4726:. Archived from 4714: 4708: 4695: 4689: 4676: 4670: 4657: 4651: 4629: 4623: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4599: 4590: 4589: 4569: 4560: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4340: 4333: 4325: 4319: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4282: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4265: 4256: 4250: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4217: 4212:. Archived from 4201: 4195: 4194: 4189:. Archived from 4183: 4177: 4176: 4169: 4163: 4160: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4135: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4097: 4088: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4033: 4027:. Archived from 4022: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3994:. Archived from 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3891: 3885: 3884:, UBC Press 2009 3880:Larry Prochner, 3878: 3869: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3549:. Archived from 3543: 3537: 3536: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3478: 3472: 3460:Manfred Berger, 3458: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3424: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3397: 3385: 3190:Friedrich Fröbel 3186:Adelaide Manning 3155:Foundation Stage 3133:considerations. 3008: 3000: 2998:escuela infantil 2989: 2981: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2859: 2849: 2841: 2833: 2825: 2788: 2782: 2707: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2658: 2652: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2564: 2556: 2549: 2541: 2533:Friedrich Fröbel 2529: 2521: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2443:école maternelle 2421: 2420: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2366: 2360: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2298: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2199: 2194: 2168: 2163: 2155: 2150: 2124: 2122: 2121: 2115: 2105: 2103: 2102: 2096: 2066: 2058: 2047: 2039: 2020: 2008: 2000: 1992:Maternal schools 1986: 1917: 1867:Education Bureau 1846: 1845: 1840: 1819: 1811: 1799: 1791: 1780: 1772: 1764: 1756: 1748: 1738: 1730: 1719:Southern Germany 1703: 1688: 1674: 1656: 1642: 1634: 1626: 1618: 1610: 1602: 1600:die Kindergärten 1595: 1593:der Kindergarten 1588: 1543: 1541:école maternelle 1536: 1528: 1520: 1512: 1504: 1496: 1494:école maternelle 1472: 1470:école maternelle 1464: 1358: 1334: 1325: 1312: 1303: 1291: 1282: 1270: 1261: 1248: 1239: 1196: 1145: 1143:educación básica 1135: 1129: 1109: 1103: 1090: 1080: 1078:jardin d'enfants 1074: 1052:British Columbia 1010: 1004: 1003: 998: 974: 968: 931:Bengali language 928: 802: 796:romanized: 795: 793: 785: 779:romanized: 778: 776: 739: 732: 728: 725: 719: 688: 680: 560: 540:Friedrich Fröbel 533:Friedrich Fröbel 511: 375:Friedrich Fröbel 325: 318: 311: 245:In loco parentis 239:Child protection 208:Pre-kindergarten 169:Outside the home 118: 117: 101: 94: 90: 87: 81: 78:named references 49: 48: 41: 21: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9432: 9431: 9397: 9396: 9395: 9390: 9359: 9357: 9340: 9334: 9317: 9315: 9305: 9232: 9221: 9144: 9138: 9121: 9115: 9096:Solomon Islands 9034: 9023: 8917: 8915: 8908: 8782: 8771: 8755: 8713: 8707: 8693:Northern Cyprus 8675: 8669: 8590:North Macedonia 8411: 8398: 8370: 8338: 8329: 8310:Northern Cyprus 8296: 8289: 8031: 8018: 8017: 8012: 7995: 7982: 7973: 7954: 7952: 7945: 7929: 7927: 7920: 7639: 7626: 7611: 7610: 7591: 7582: 7573: 7565: 7558: 7536: 7524: 7505: 7496: 7488: 7483: 7465: 7446: 7437: 7429: 7424: 7408: 7389: 7381: 7374: 7330: 7313: 7267: 7186:Active learning 7181:Teaching method 7156:Learning theory 7097: 7063:Autodidacticism 7058:Adult education 7044: 6985:Performing arts 6866: 6773:Teacher quality 6763:Standards-based 6719: 6691: 6680: 6675: 6645: 6640: 6610: 6608: 6600: 6575: 6549: 6540:in South Africa 6523: 6519: 6512: 6498:Monastic school 6465: 6409: 6380:Boarding school 6360: 6336:Female seminary 6326:Catholic school 6299: 6257: 6190: 6160:Separate school 6048: 6039:One-room school 6013: 5957:Graduate school 5928: 5896: 5792: 5751: 5729:Early childhood 5713: 5707: 5677: 5672: 5671: 5652: 5643: 5634: 5626: 5619: 5597: 5585: 5566: 5557: 5549: 5544: 5526: 5507: 5498: 5490: 5485: 5469: 5450: 5442: 5435: 5391: 5382: 5352: 5347: 5260: 5257: 5223: 5214: 5208: 5160: 5117:Wayback Machine 5096: 5083: 5081: 5078:Chicago Tribune 5063:WestEd (2005). 5020: 5018: 4956: 4954:Further reading 4951: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4898: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4865:. April 6, 2011 4853: 4852: 4848: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4825:Wayback Machine 4816: 4812: 4806:Wayback Machine 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4705:Wayback Machine 4696: 4692: 4686:Wayback Machine 4677: 4673: 4668:Wayback Machine 4658: 4654: 4636:Andrea O'Reilly 4630: 4626: 4614: 4610: 4601: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4523: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4385: 4383: 4372: 4368: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4317:Wayback Machine 4308: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4276: 4275: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4248:Wayback Machine 4239: 4235: 4219: 4218: 4202: 4198: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4171: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4142: 4138: 4132:Wayback Machine 4123: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4098: 4091: 4086:Wayback Machine 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4060:. March 1, 2018 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3951: 3927: 3923: 3908: 3892: 3888: 3879: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3786: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3672: 3668: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3618: 3614: 3604: 3602: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3469:Wayback Machine 3459: 3455: 3446: 3442: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3399: 3398: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3354:Pre-math skills 3335: 3318: 3306:Training School 3296: 3265: 3206: 3145: 3139: 3119: 3113: 3105:primary schools 3085: 3079: 3063: 3057: 3037: 3031: 3022: 3016: 2973: 2967: 2943: 2937: 2918: 2912: 2872: 2866: 2813: 2795: 2771: 2765: 2730: 2724: 2696: 2690: 2641: 2635: 2626:Detska gradinka 2608:детска градинка 2602:detska gradinka 2593: 2587: 2585:North Macedonia 2578: 2572: 2509: 2503: 2477: 2471: 2434: 2428: 2398: 2392: 2320: 2314: 2286: 2280: 2254: 2248: 2236: 2230: 2181: 2175: 2141: 2135: 2116: 2097: 2080: 2074: 1956: 1950: 1934: 1928: 1893: 1887: 1859: 1853: 1833: 1827: 1572: 1554: 1518:moyenne section 1488: 1482: 1452: 1400: 1394: 1386: 1380: 1351: 1345: 1214: 1208: 1122: 1116: 1024: 1018: 987: 981: 953: 947: 909: 903: 836: 830: 755: 749: 740: 729: 723: 720: 705: 689: 678: 672: 635:. In 1885, the 544:Bad Blankenburg 526: 419: 391: 383:learning spaces 329: 141:Extended family 102: 91: 85: 82: 75: 74: 71: 64: 50: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9440: 9430: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9378: 9368: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9331: 9326: 9320: 9318: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9242: 9240: 9234: 9233: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9197:Norfolk Island 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9152:American Samoa 9148: 9146: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9136: 9131: 9125: 9123: 9122:of New Zealand 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9035: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9004:Sint Eustatius 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8949:Cayman Islands 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8920: 8918: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8790: 8788: 8784: 8783: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8769: 8767:European Union 8763: 8761: 8760:Other entities 8757: 8756: 8754: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8717: 8715: 8714:other entities 8709: 8708: 8706: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8679: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8665:United Kingdom 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8478:Czech Republic 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8419: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8386: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8340: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8301: 8299: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8041: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 7998: 7985: 7976: 7962:Canary Islands 7958: 7957: 7955: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7932: 7930: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7647: 7645: 7641: 7640: 7628: 7627: 7617: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7608: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7588: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7578: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7568: 7567: 7560: 7550: 7543: 7542: 7531: 7526: 7516: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7475: 7468: 7467: 7457: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7418: 7411: 7410: 7406:Primary school 7400: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7376: 7366: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7319: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7259: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7119:Cognitive load 7116: 7111: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7054: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6790:Evidence-based 6787: 6782: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6738: 6733: 6727: 6725: 6724:By perspective 6721: 6720: 6718: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6701: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6682: 6681: 6674: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6651: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6628: 6618: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6584:Related topics 6581: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6571:in South Tyrol 6568: 6563: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6535:in New Zealand 6532: 6526: 6524: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6477: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6405:Virtual school 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6295:Waldorf school 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6221:Sudbury school 6218: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6180: 6175: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6115: 6113:Private school 6110: 6105: 6097: 6095:Free education 6092: 6087: 6079: 6074: 6072:Charter school 6069: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 6000: 5999: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5967:Junior college 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5910: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5868: 5866:Minor seminary 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5841:Grammar school 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5802: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5787:Primary school 5784: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5767: 5761: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5722: 5715: 5714: 5706: 5705: 5698: 5691: 5683: 5674: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5611: 5604: 5603: 5592: 5587: 5577: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5536: 5529: 5528: 5518: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5479: 5472: 5471: 5467:Primary school 5461: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5437: 5427: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5381: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5358: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5333:Eleventh grade 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5233: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5216: 5209: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5177:Hill, Patty S. 5173: 5158: 5132: 5124: 5119: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5094:External links 5092: 5091: 5090: 5068: 5061: 5058: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5002: 4992:(4): 459–480. 4981: 4971:(2): 187–203. 4955: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4912: 4876: 4846: 4828: 4810: 4791: 4759: 4733: 4709: 4690: 4671: 4652: 4624: 4608: 4591: 4584: 4561: 4550: 4521: 4499: 4496:(in Romanian). 4481: 4460: 4439: 4418: 4392: 4366: 4352: 4320: 4302: 4290: 4251: 4233: 4210:SPIEGEL ONLINE 4196: 4178: 4164: 4155: 4145: 4136: 4117: 4105: 4089: 4071: 4045: 4025:www.eli-net.eu 4009: 3979: 3949: 3921: 3906: 3886: 3870: 3857: 3848: 3825: 3799: 3777: 3752: 3730: 3704: 3678: 3666: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3612: 3586: 3556: 3538: 3503: 3473: 3453: 3440: 3429:"kindergarten" 3418: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3334: 3331: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3264: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3205: 3202: 3163:Northern Irish 3138: 3137:United Kingdom 3135: 3112: 3109: 3101:primary school 3078: 3075: 3056: 3053: 3030: 3027: 3015: 3012: 2966: 2963: 2959:kindergarten 2 2955:kindergarten 1 2936: 2933: 2911: 2908: 2865: 2862: 2839:grupa mijlocie 2794: 2791: 2764: 2761: 2752: 2751: 2745: 2739:, such as the 2723: 2720: 2689: 2686: 2663:barnehagelærer 2634: 2631: 2586: 2583: 2571: 2568: 2554:basisonderwijs 2502: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2470: 2467: 2427: 2424: 2391: 2388: 2350:public schools 2346:Rosaura Zapata 2313: 2310: 2308:at age seven. 2306:primary school 2279: 2276: 2247: 2244: 2229: 2226: 2174: 2171: 2134: 2131: 2073: 2070: 2056:scuola materna 2029:Emilia-Romagna 2012: 2011: 1998:scuola materna 1989: 1949: 1946: 1927: 1924: 1886: 1883: 1852: 1849: 1826: 1823: 1710:Roman Catholic 1582:In Germany, a 1553: 1550: 1526:petite section 1510:grande section 1451: 1448: 1393: 1390: 1379: 1376: 1353:Kindergarten ( 1347:Main article: 1344: 1341: 1316: 1315: 1294: 1273: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1194:primero básico 1182: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1115: 1112: 1017: 1014: 1008:detska gradina 1002:детска градина 996:detska gradina 980: 977: 946: 943: 902: 899: 829: 826: 748: 745: 742: 741: 692: 690: 683: 671: 668: 633:Central School 525: 522: 483:inventing the 418: 415: 399:Max Liebermann 390: 387: 331: 330: 328: 327: 320: 313: 305: 302: 301: 300: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 272:Child marriage 269: 261: 260: 256: 255: 254: 253: 248: 241: 233: 232: 228: 227: 226: 225: 223:Primary school 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 192: 191: 187: 186: 185: 184: 179: 171: 170: 166: 165: 164: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 130: 129: 125: 124: 104: 103: 86:September 2024 73: 72: 70:(refs: 47, 49) 58: 53: 51: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9439: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9387: 9379: 9377: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9355: 9354: 9351: 9337: 9332: 9330: 9329:French Guiana 9327: 9325: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9313: 9308: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9228: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9192:New Caledonia 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9172:Easter Island 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9118: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8911: 8905: 8904:United States 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8785: 8778: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8726:Faroe Islands 8724: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8698:South Ossetia 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8672: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8550:Liechtenstein 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8405: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8385: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8336: 8332: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8320:South Ossetia 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8025: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7980: 7977: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7948: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7923: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7766:Guinea-Bissau 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7633: 7629: 7622: 7618: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7569: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7556:Undergraduate 7554: 7553: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7523: 7520: 7519: 7514: 7511: 7492: 7486: 7482: 7481:Middle school 7479: 7478: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7452: 7433: 7427: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7398: 7395: 7385: 7380: 7377: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7338: 7333: 7329: 7324: 7320: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7246:Project-based 7244: 7242: 7241:Problem-based 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7201:Demonstration 7199: 7197: 7196:Contemplative 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7083:Homeschooling 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6930:Environmental 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6855:Instructional 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6758:Psychometrics 6756: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6672: 6667: 6665: 6660: 6658: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6637: 6629: 6627: 6619: 6617: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6515: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6395:Homeschooling 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6321:Bible college 6319: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6233:Magnet school 6231: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6185:(New Zealand) 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6148:international 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6034:Middle school 6032: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5882:Studio school 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873:/ High school 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5811:Cadet college 5809: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5782:Junior school 5780: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5771: 5770:Infant school 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5704: 5699: 5697: 5692: 5690: 5685: 5684: 5681: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5630: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5617:Undergraduate 5615: 5614: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5572: 5553: 5547: 5543: 5542:Middle school 5540: 5539: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5513: 5494: 5488: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5456: 5446: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5374: 5372: 5367: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5356: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5338:Twelfth grade 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5313:Seventh grade 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5254: 5249: 5247: 5242: 5240: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5222: 5213: 5212:Kindergarten 5207: 5203: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5080: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5021:September 30, 5016: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4916: 4905:September 10, 4897: 4893: 4886: 4880: 4869:September 11, 4864: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4814: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4795: 4779: 4772: 4766: 4764: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4687: 4683: 4680: 4675: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4656: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4568: 4566: 4559: 4554: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4470: 4464: 4449: 4443: 4428: 4422: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4362: 4356: 4337: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4310:Senado.gob.mx 4306: 4299: 4294: 4286: 4280: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4229: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4174: 4168: 4159: 4149: 4140: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4075: 4059: 4058:Globalnews.ca 4055: 4049: 4038:September 10, 4030: 4026: 4019: 4013: 4002:September 10, 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3890: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3861: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3782: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3740: 3734: 3719: 3715: 3708: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3675: 3670: 3662: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3300: 3294:United States 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3260: 3258: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182:Emily Ronalds 3179: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3074: 3070: 3068: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3026: 3021: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2982: 2980: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2925: 2923: 2917: 2907: 2904: 2893: 2884: 2876: 2871: 2861: 2858: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2842: 2840: 2834: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2804: 2799: 2790: 2787: 2781: 2776: 2770: 2760: 2757: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2669:førskolelærer 2664: 2657: 2651: 2646: 2640: 2630: 2627: 2615: 2603: 2598: 2592: 2582: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2557: 2555: 2548: 2547:lagere school 2542: 2540: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2519:kleuterschool 2514: 2508: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2476: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2439: 2433: 2423: 2414: 2403: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2382:approved the 2381: 2378:In 2002, the 2376: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2325: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2265:Spillschoulen 2260: 2253: 2243: 2241: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2170: 2167: 2159: 2154: 2146: 2140: 2130: 2128: 2114: 2109: 2095: 2084: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2059: 2057: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2009: 2007: 2001: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1984: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1945: 1943: 1942:Mid-day meals 1939: 1933: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1910: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1848: 1839: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1813:is a type of 1812: 1810: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1792: 1790: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1773: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1757: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1731: 1729: 1722: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1681:Reggio Emilia 1678: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1649: 1647: 1646:umbrella term 1643: 1641: 1635: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1603: 1601: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1576: 1571: 1563: 1558: 1549: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1529: 1527: 1521: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1505: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1487: 1481: 1473: 1471: 1465: 1463: 1462:salle d'asile 1456: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1350: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1329: 1321: 1313: 1307: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1235: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177:Often called 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1157:High nursery: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1128: 1121: 1111: 1108: 1102: 1101:prématernelle 1097: 1092: 1089: 1084: 1081:, which is a 1079: 1073: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056:New Brunswick 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1013: 1009: 997: 992: 986: 976: 973: 967: 962: 958: 952: 942: 940: 936: 932: 927: 922: 918: 914: 908: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 879: 877: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 835: 825: 822: 816: 814: 809: 804: 801: 789: 784: 772: 768: 759: 754: 738: 735: 727: 724:February 2010 717: 713: 709: 703: 702: 698: 693:This section 691: 687: 682: 681: 677: 667: 665: 661: 657: 652: 650: 646: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 621:Charlottetown 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 589: 585: 581: 576: 575:Emily Ronalds 571: 569: 565: 561: 559: 553: 549: 545: 541: 534: 530: 521: 519: 515: 510: 505: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 481: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 411: 406: 400: 395: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 326: 321: 319: 314: 312: 307: 306: 304: 303: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 263: 262: 258: 257: 252: 249: 247: 246: 242: 240: 237: 236: 235: 234: 230: 229: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 203:Homeschooling 201: 199: 196: 195: 194: 193: 189: 188: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 173: 172: 168: 167: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 132: 131: 127: 126: 123: 120: 119: 112: 108: 100: 97: 89: 79: 69: 66: 65: 62: 57: 54:This article 52: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 9427:School types 9407:Kindergarten 9356: 9312:Dependencies 9143:Dependencies 9129:Cook Islands 9009:Sint Maarten 8989:Saint Martin 8703:Transnistria 8335:Dependencies 8265:Turkmenistan 8230:Saudi Arabia 8001:Saint Helena 7972: 7876:South Africa 7866:Sierra Leone 7671:Burkina Faso 7563:Postgraduate 7379:Kindergarten 7378: 7231:Personalized 7211:Experiential 7171:Teacher look 6880:Agricultural 6736:Anthropology 6253:Vocal school 6238:Music school 6100:Free school 6044:Ranch school 5892:Upper school 5861:Maths school 5765:First school 5747:Kindergarten 5746: 5624:Postgraduate 5440:Kindergarten 5439: 5318:Eighth grade 5298:Fourth grade 5288:Second grade 5278:Kindergarten 5277: 5211: 5184: 5166: 5163:Kindergarten 5151: 5148:Kindergarten 5144:Monroe, Paul 5129:Kindergarten 5128: 5082:. 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