413:. It is responsible for ruling on the constitutionality of laws and ordinances, as well as compliance with international treaties and agreements. The Court includes seven members. These seven members are chosen for six-year terms, renewable for two-year terms thereafter. The president of the court is chosen by the other member for three years. They are not removable. They must include certain professions chosen by certain institutions, and nominated by the President It may be called upon to provide rulings by certain constitutional triggers (elections, referendum, constitution revision) or by the request of the President, the Speaker of the
495:
provided a lawyer by the government. Widespread ignorance of the law and lack of financial means prevented many from fully exercising their right to an attorney and using the bail system. Defendants also have the right to be present at trial, to confront witnesses, and to present witnesses on their own behalf. The government has a legal obligation to inform defendants of all evidence against them, and defendants have access to government-held evidence. Defendants may appeal verdicts, first to the court of appeals and then to the
Supreme Court.
33:
685:
having their financial benefits reduced if they render a decision unfavorable to the government. In civil matters there were reports that family and business ties influenced lower court decisions. In some instances judges granted provisional release pending trial to high-profile defendants. These defendants were seldom called back for trial, and had complete freedom of movement and could leave the country.
691:
At the same time, local civil judicial courts are considered by the United States government to be generally independent and impartial, and there is access to seek damages for human rights violations. One such case was the much publicised suit by a woman who successfully sued the
Nigerien government
486:
Those arrested must be notified of their right to a lawyer within 24 hours of detention. Nigerien law allows individuals to be detained initially for up to 48 hours without charge, and allows an additional 48-hour detention period if police need more time to gather evidence. Detainees have a right
453:
to try civilians accused of crimes touching upon state secrets, defense, espionage, or internal security. The closing of the court was one of the first acts of the 1991 National
Assembly, which led to the Third Republic. In 2007, some elements of the court were reestablished, but it may no longer
655:
While citizens of Niger are provided with broad legal rights before the law, government interference, corruption, poverty, and a widespread ignorance of the law prevents many accused from taking full advantage of these rights. Although lawyers provide counsel per government request, the government
523:
Traditional chiefs can act as mediators and counselors and have authority in customary law cases as well as status under national law where they are designated as auxiliaries to local officials. Under customary courts and traditional mediation, individuals do not have the same legal protections as
684:
have charged the government of Niger with politically motivated arrests, trials, detentions, and rulings in cases against members of the press critical of the government. Corruption and inefficiency remain problems within the judicial system. Judges are reported to sometimes fear reassignment or
494:
are used. Defendants have the right to counsel, including counsel at public expense for minors and indigent defendants charged with crimes carrying a sentence of 10 years or more. There is a functioning bail system for crimes carrying a penalty of fewer than 10 years' imprisonment. Indigents are
368:
and the 1960 constitution of Niger. The Court of
Appeals reviews questions of fact and law, while the Supreme Court reviews application of the law and constitutional questions. The High Court of Justice (HCJ) deals with cases involving senior government officials. The justice system also includes
663:
There were serious backlogs in the judicial system. Some persons waited as long as six years to be tried. At the end of 2008, 70 percent of the prisoners in Niamey's civil prison were awaiting trial. Such trial delays have been attributed to lengthy legal procedures, inadequate resources, staff
386:
is the highest judicial body of the State in administrative, judicial and financial matters. The
Supreme Court hears cases appealed from lower civil and criminal courts, it only rules on the application of the law and constitutional questions: the lower Courts of Appeals may decide appeals on
535:
and local tradition, and are located only in large towns and cities. A legal practitioner with basic legal training, advised by an assessor knowledgeable in the society's traditions, heads these courts. The judicial actions of chiefs and customary courts are not regulated by formal law, and
467:, in which investigative judges develop and bring to trial criminal cases which they judge. Criminal courts are based on this "investigating magistrate" system. Appeals courts – up to and including the Supreme Court of Niger – are panels of professional judges who hear criminal appeals.
417:, or by the vote of one-fifth of the members of the national assembly. When called upon to give binding rulings it is the final arbiter, and rulings must be carried out in 30 days. Most recently it came into prominence when required to offer a non-binding ruling of President
487:
to prompt judicial determination. Security forces must inform detainees of the charges against them promptly. Law provides for a maximum pretrial confinement of 30 months for serious crimes and 12 months for minor offenses, with special extensions in certain sensitive cases.
659:
According to the United States government, there were reports in 2008 that several persons were detained arbitrarily under the state of alert. Detainees involved with sensitive cases were sometimes held longer than legally permitted.
369:
civil criminal courts, customary courts, traditional mediation, and a military court. The military court provides the same rights as civil criminal courts; however, customary courts do not. The military court cannot try civilians.
937:
377:
Niger's independent judicial system is composed of four higher courts — the Court of
Appeals, the Supreme Court, the High Court of Justice and the Court of State Security — as well as lower criminal, civil and appeals courts.
524:
those using the formal court systems. They have authority to arbitrate in many customary law matters, including marriage, inheritance, land, and community disputes, but not in all civil issues. Chiefs receive government
1415:
782:
in 2008 Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. (February 25, 2009) As a publication of the United States Federal Government, this report is in the
1330:
515:). Courts of civil procedure in each major city which hear lawsuits related to civil matters and can apply judicial remedies, while a single appellate entity is responsible for administrative remedies.
1170:
965:
Myriam
Gervais. Niger: Regime Change Economic Crisis and Perpetuation of Privilege. pp. 86-108. Political Reform in Francophone Africa, Ed. John Frank Clark, David E. Gardinier. Westview Press (1997)
583:, legal technicians authorized to handle civil and commercial matters such as inheritance and other family law (except divorce), real estate, leases, mortgages, contracts and other business matters.
656:
general has a history of failing to remunerate them. Women do not have equal legal status with men in customary courts and traditional mediation, and do not enjoy the same access to legal redress.
1190:
1004:. The United States Embassy to Niger, Niamey, United States of America Department of State. Accessed 2009-04-13. As a publication of the United States Federal Government, this report is in the
1020:. Dunbar RA, Djibo H. Washington, D.C., Futures Group, Gender in Economic and Social Systems Project , 1992 Mar. 25, p. (GENESYS Special Study No. 12|USAID Contract No. PDC-0100-Z-00-9044-00)
680:
the executive branch has been accused of interfering with the judicial process, especially in high-profile cases, or in cases having to do with press freedoms. Amnesty
International and
934:
1441:
256:
1488:
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438:. This court is composed of seven deputies elected from within the National Assembly on a provisional basis, and organised and instructed by the Supreme Court of Niger.
1340:
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262:
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877:
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150:
421:'s plan for a referendum on a new constitution. Its opposition, presented on 26 May 2009, triggered the President's dismissal of the National Assembly.
953:
873:
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of
December 1992 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and, again, by referendum, revised to the current version on 18 July 1999. It is an
79:
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881:
857:
869:
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between 2007 and 2009. Judges and prosecutors weigh evidence and issue warrants accordingly. Persons are brought before an independent judiciary.
1109:
889:
475:
The 1999 constitution and Nigerien law require a warrant for an arrest, and this generally is observed in practice, outside areas under special
910:
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405:
has jurisdiction over constitutional and electoral matters, and is a provisionally organised court, what the French legal system terms a
335:
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219:
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A 2008 public opinion poll found that only 49% of Nigeriens had confidence in their judicial system, down from 56% in 2006.
276:
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1102:
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672:
Although the constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary, this has not been the case in practice under the
572:
is authorized to act in all legal matters between his client and other parties, including representation before a court.
398:, reviews questions of fact and law in criminal and civil law, and rulings may be appealed to the Supreme Court of Niger.
729:. NIGER Situation institutionnelle. Sory Baldé, CEAN, IEP-Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV (2007) Accessed 2009-04-13
229:
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970:
170:
110:
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in the 1970s is a military court for trying offenses committed by the military and police, but also enabling the
328:
84:
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214:
885:
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government (1960–74) and the three following military regimes (1974–91, 1996–99, 1999). Under the post-1999
1519:
234:
426:
Crimes or misdemeanors committed by government officials in the exercise of their office are tried in the
1514:
1042:
Trust in Government, Media Declines in Niger. Drop in confidence between 2006 and 2007 greatest among men
1245:
321:
249:
636:
Niger has thirty-five prisons, but these have been criticized for poor operations and overcrowding.
1355:
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681:
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142:
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899:. Presented by PRESIDENT: Mme SALIFOU Fatimata BAZEYE and GREFFIER: Mme DAOUDA Fatima. 26 May 2009.
841:
One representative of the Association for the Defense of Human Rights, chosen by that organisation;
701:
983:
THE SUPREME COURT OF NIGER AND POLYNORMATIVISM IN URBAN CENTRES: A COMMENT ON ABDOURAHAMAN CHAĂŹBOU
1420:
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In latest judicial harassment of broadcasting group, director-general charged with “false news”
799:
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Two professionals "of great experience", one chosen the Assembly, one by the President;
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La Cour constitutionnelle du Niger s’oppose au projet de changement de constitution
395:
177:
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59:
1001:
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1065:. Sory Baldé, CEAN, IEP-Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV. Accessed 2009-04-13
418:
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was established with the creation of the Fourth Republic in 1999. The
1017:
809:. Dr. Robert Winslow. San Diego State University. Accessed 2009-04-13
490:
The law affirms the presumption of innocence. Trials are public, and
553:
531:
Customary courts, which try civil law cases, are based largely on
525:
995:
Citizen Services, Information for Travelers, Attorneys in Niger
838:
One law professor of doctorate standing, elected by their peers;
257:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and African Integration
954:
Niger: une juridiction d'exception jugera l'ex-Premier ministre
491:
536:
defendants can appeal a verdict in the formal court system.
1056:
Source: U.S. Department of State, Niger Embassy to the U.S.
1018:
Islam, public policy and the legal status of women in Niger
897:
AVIS n° 02/CC du 25 mai 2009 de la Cour Constitutionnelle
692:
for failing to enforce anti-slavery legislation in 2008.
1073:(3 ed.). Boston & Folkestone: Scarecrow Press.
985:. JOURNAL OF LEGAL PLURALISM 1998 - nr. 42 (pp. 171-178)
80:National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland
800:Niger:A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World
1506:
639:
923:Niger court says third-term referendum unlawful
1103:
1068:
329:
1044:. Magali Rheault, Gallup, Inc. July 22, 2008
1008:. Portions of it may be used here verbatim.
862:
850:
829:
787:. Portions of it may be used here verbatim.
775:
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586:Should a case go before a court, however, a
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503:Civil law in Niger is modeled on the French
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835:(criminal lawyer) elected by his/her peers;
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1032:. Reporters Without Borders. 3 April 2009.
818:According to the Constitution, these are:
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528:, but have no police or judicial powers.
824:Two magistrates, elected by their peers;
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544:Criminal and civil attorneys are titled
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13:
1071:Historical Dictionary of the Niger
1050:
594:must call upon the services of an
14:
1536:
1063:NIGER. Situation institutionnelle
1416:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1186:Democratic Republic of the Congo
631:
556:): the equivalent of the French
445:, established under the rule of
31:
1035:
1023:
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988:
844:In May 2009, the members were:
780:2008 Human Rights Report: Niger
394:, one in each of Niger's eight
959:
947:
928:
916:
904:
812:
602:to represent his client. Both
575:Other legal professionals are
1:
886:Abdoulaye Diori Kadidiatou Ly
707:
640:Reported violations of rights
403:Constitutional Court of Niger
463:Nigeren law is based on the
7:
888:; with recording secretary
695:
664:shortages, and corruption.
366:during French colonial rule
10:
1541:
643:
387:questions of fact and law.
1429:
1404:
1123:
682:Reporters Without Borders
459:Criminal and civil courts
392:Court of Appeals of Niger
1171:Central African Republic
720:Niger:Système judiciaire
702:Law enforcement in Niger
628:" as a matter of honor.
471:Criminal trial procedure
171:Administrative divisions
925:. Reuters. May 26, 2009
846:Salifou Fatimata Bazeye
678:Fifth Republic of Niger
364:, established in Niger
16:Judiciary body of Niger
1069:Samuel Decalo (1997).
944:APA News. 25 May 2009.
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273:Diplomatic missions of
1331:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1191:Republic of the Congo
1118:Judiciaries of Africa
668:Judicial impartiality
646:Human rights in Niger
499:Civil Judicial system
479:, such as the entire
428:High Court of Justice
90:Abdourahamane Tchiani
956:. AFP. 9 April 2009.
443:State Security Court
358:inquisitorial system
1520:Government of Niger
1406:States with limited
477:states of emergency
465:French legal system
263:Bakary Yaou Sangaré
1515:Judiciary of Niger
1000:2009-02-26 at the
981:Jan Michiel Otto.
940:2009-06-04 at the
805:2008-08-29 at the
725:2008-11-26 at the
651:Judicial procedure
373:Judicial structure
350:judiciary of Niger
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1206:Equatorial Guinea
878:Aboubacar MaĂŻdoka
618:carry the title "
451:military of Niger
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290:Visa requirements
250:Foreign relations
230:Political parties
207:Recent elections
143:National Assembly
24:Politics of Niger
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632:Prison system
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481:Agadez Region
478:
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1525:Law of Niger
1481:Saint Helena
1452:
1356:South Africa
1346:Sierra Leone
1315:
1151:Burkina Faso
1070:
1037:
1025:
1013:
990:
977:
961:
949:
930:
918:
906:
861:
858:Oumarou Yayé
849:
828:
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715:
690:
687:
674:Hamani Diori
671:
662:
658:
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635:
619:
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489:
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427:
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402:
391:
383:
376:
354:constitution
349:
348:The current
347:
161:
102:Salifou Modi
55:Human rights
47:Constitution
1408:recognition
1361:South Sudan
1251:Ivory Coast
1060:(in French)
533:Islamic law
507:droit civil
295:Visa policy
235:Politicians
183:Departments
145:(dissolved)
49:(suspended)
1509:Categories
1463:(Portugal)
1421:Somaliland
1341:Seychelles
1306:Mozambique
1291:Mauritania
1276:Madagascar
1231:The Gambia
1166:Cape Verde
708:References
261:Minister:
74:Government
1296:Mauritius
852:président
513:civil law
213:General:
201:Elections
162:Judiciary
151:President
128:Ministers
85:President
1487: /
1483: /
1476:(France)
1470: /
1448: /
1444: /
1396:Zimbabwe
1371:Tanzania
1221:Ethiopia
1216:Eswatini
1196:Djibouti
1161:Cameroon
1146:Botswana
998:Archived
938:Archived
803:Archived
723:Archived
696:See also
614:notaires
579:notaires
554:advocate
526:stipends
285:Passport
277:in Niger
188:Communes
1472:RĂ©union
1468:Mayotte
1459:Madeira
1454:(Spain)
1450:Melilla
1381:Tunisia
1351:Somalia
1336:Senegal
1321:Nigeria
1311:Namibia
1301:Morocco
1266:Liberia
1261:Lesotho
1211:Eritrea
1181:Comoros
1156:Burundi
1131:Algeria
606:avocats
590:notaire
396:regions
220:2020–21
178:Regions
123:Cabinet
60:Slavery
1491:
1474:
1461:
1391:Zambia
1386:Uganda
1326:Rwanda
1281:Malawi
1241:Guinea
1136:Angola
1077:
969:
831:avocat
623:Maître
598:avocat
568:avocat
560:avocat
548:avocat
492:juries
1446:Ceuta
1366:Sudan
1316:Niger
1271:Libya
1256:Kenya
1236:Ghana
1226:Gabon
1201:Egypt
1141:Benin
564:. An
1376:Togo
1286:Mali
1176:Chad
1075:ISBN
967:ISBN
827:One
610:and
441:The
430:, a
401:The
390:The
382:The
215:2016
868:),
856:),
1511::
892:.
884:,
880:,
876:,
872:,
792:^
734:^
275:/
1111:e
1104:t
1097:v
1083:.
913:.
860:(
848:(
552:(
511:(
337:e
330:t
323:v
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