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655:. Working conditions were extremely harsh, with rule-breaking punished by flogging or imprisonment, and each worker had to extract one metric ton of phosphate per day to earn 3.5 rupees. In 1968, Mauritian workers revolted, and the operation's management appealed to the prefect of Réunion for help. The revolt brought government and media attention to abusive practices on the island, including
501:, a Galician admiral in the service of Portugal, came across the uninhabited island in 1501 while he was crossing the Mozambique Channel during an expedition to India. He called it Galega or Agalega (the Galician) in reference to his nationality. The island then came to be named for him, with the Spanish spelling: On subsequent maps it was labeled
2021:"Arrêté du 21 septembre 2015 prolongeant le permis exclusif de recherches de mines d'hydrocarbures conventionnels liquides ou gazeux, dit « permis de Juan de Nova maritime profond » (Terres australes et antarctiques françaises), aux sociétés South Atlantic Petroleum JDN SAS et Marex Petroleum Corp, conjointes et solidaires"
782:
offshore. This authorization covers an area of approximately 62,000 square kilometers surrounding the island. In 2008, a subsequent decree granted an exploration permit for the "Juan de Nova Est" field to the companies
Nighthawk Energy Plc, Jupiter Petroleum Juan de Nova Ltd, and Osceola Hydrocarbons
685:
In 1963, an auxiliary weather installation, called "la
Goulette," was installed to carry out regular temperature and pressure readings. But on a visit to the island in 1971, a representative of the Weather Service found numerous irregularities in the readings, as well as poor security on the island,
731:
Today, most of the installations from the mining days are in ruins, and only a few buildings are maintained for military use. Upkeep is also performed on the cemetery. The island has been converted into a nature preserve, which aims to protect biodiversity and particularly coral reefs. It is closed
765:
deposit on the surface of the island. This became the first natural resource to be exploited on the island in the 20th century. This mining operation led to the establishment of the first structures on the island, and the workers also planted coconut trees, whose products were also exported. The
451:
The island was created when an underwater promontory of a coral reef emerged when the reef was dismantled by ocean currents, producing a sandy island. The prevailing south-southwest winds form dunes on the island, which, at 10 meters (33 ft) tall, form the island's highest points.
787:
Ltd for the "Juan de Nova
Maritime Profond" field. The licensees had to commit to investing around $ 100 million over five years for mining and research. The eastern boundary of these exploration areas is in contention with Madagascar and its exclusive economic zone.
664:
In the 1960s, the price of phosphate collapsed, and the mining operation on the island ceased to be profitable. SOFIM was dissolved in 1968, and the last workers left the island in 1975. The French government retook control of the concession, paying 45 million
824:
Three or four times a year, scientists come to Juan de Nova Island to study its ecosystem. Despite the ongoing scientific efforts, an inventory of the island's biodiversity (particularly genetics) is only in its earliest stages. There is much to be studied.
472:
The island is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long from east to west, and 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) wide, with an area of approximately 4.8 km (1.9 sq mi). The entire quasi-atoll is 30 kilometres (19 mi) in circumference, with an
455:
Its southwest coast is bordered by a coral reef that prevents ships from landing, and the northeast coast consists of a lagoon that becomes sandy and impassable at low tide. There is a single pass that allows access to the island.
3082:
740:
The island lies on the sea route between South Africa and the northern tip of
Madagascar. It is affected by strong currents and has become the site of numerous wrecks. Most visible are the remains of the
3306:
116:
2630:
636:
In 1952, a second concession was granted for 15 years to the Société française des îles
Malgaches (SOFIM), led by Hector Patureau. This concession was renewed for 25 years in 1960, after
3075:
2375:
552:, it was not of interest to the colonial powers because of its small size and little utility as a stopover. However, it is possible that it served as a refuge for pirates, such as
863:"The reefs of these deserted and isolated islands like Juan de Nova Island are preserved from all pollution and anthropogenic influence. But they are affected by climate change."
2515:
583:
fishermen during sea turtles' nesting season. However, around 1900, the island was granted to a
Frenchman for a 20-year lease. He initiated the exploitation of the island's
2651:
3068:
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625:. The island was abandoned during the war, and it was visited by German submariners. Installations, including a hangar, rail lines, houses and a jetty are in ruins.
2623:
2002:
2064:"Première mention d'Aedes albopictus, vecteur d'arbovirus, dans les îles Éparses du canal du Mozambique et actualisation de l'inventaire de la faune culicidienne"
3296:
438:
2616:
2508:
832:'s ECOMAR lab have worked to identify or observe seabirds around the island. In particular, they have worked to study the behavior of 2 million pairs of
717:). Its aim was primarily to respond to Madagascar's claims to those territories, which France considers protected within an exclusive economic zone.
2091:
1950:"Arrêté du 23 mai 2005 accordant une autorisation de prospections préalables d'hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux portant sur le sous-sol de la mer"
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56:
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3039:
3321:
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1800:
49:
2165:
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701:, which for a time brought a team of workers to the island under the supervision of Hector Patureau, but it was quickly abandoned.
1976:
942: – with at least 50 breeding pairs recorded in 1994. Of at least seven species of land birds present, most are probably
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69:
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371:
256:
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690:, a basic, year-round weather station was built in 1973 in the southwest part of the island, at the end of the airstrip.
375:
246:
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Such environments are useful for scientists to measure to what degree environmental changes are attributable to humans.
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was built on the island in 1934. Guano exploitation continued for several decades, with a pause in activity during
955:
433:
Juan de Nova is located in the
Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: 140 kilometres (87 mi) from
728:. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers. The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days.
587:
deposits, which production reaching 53,000 tons in 1923. A coconut grove on the island also produced 12 tons of
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However, these projects have been abandoned since 2019, when the island was classified as a nature reserve.
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829:
3217:
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3111:
3004:
2338:
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In 2015, the drilling authorization was renewed
Sapetro and Marex Petroleum for a period of three years.
401:
Juan de Nova, about six kilometres (3.7 mi) long and 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) at its widest, is a
241:
3202:
816:
661:
being practiced by one of the foremen, and some members of the staff were fired by SOFIM's president.
602:. Then, before the independence of Madagascar, France transferred the administration of the island to
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3227:
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381:
Anchorage is possible off the northeast of the island which also has a 1,300-metre (4,300 ft)
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603:
892:
506:
474:
425:
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1790:"Pays indépendants et capitales du monde : Entités géopolitiques dépendantes au 01.06.2006"
3159:
3014:
1767:
1716:
961:). A year on the island can be divided into two seasons: the cool season and the rainy season.
931:
666:
2956:
2104:
BirdLife
International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Juan de Nova. Downloaded from
2020:
1949:
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which was still under the responsibility of
Patureau. Following the recommendations of the
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8:
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The scientists are also observing and working to mitigate the impact of the presence of
469:(nicknamed the Charbonnier), which ran aground in 1911 on the island's southwest coast.
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1910:
Xavier Capy and Alain Le Roy, "Juan de Nova. Mission aux îles Éparses avec l'Etom 50",
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became independent in 1960, and it has claimed sovereignty over the island since 1972.
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to access, with temporary authorization granted to scientists on short-term missions.
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The island had never been inhabited when it became a possession of France, alongside
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348:
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2119:"Klimatafel von Juan de Nova (Insel), Iles Desirades / Indischer Ozean / Frankreich"
761:
The presence of a significant bird population on Juan de Nova Island led to a major
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In 2005, a government decree authorized preliminary exploration for liquid or gas
709:
In 1974, the French government decided to install military detachments across the
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367:. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size.
343:
331:
82:
36:
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1925:"Les récifs coralliens protégés de l'outre-mer français · Documentation Ifrecor"
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Spread of the Tiger: Global Risk of Invasion by the Mosquito Aedes albopictus
1817:
1451:
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880:
713:
that lay within the Mozambique Channel (Juan de Nova, Europa Island, and the
594:
In 1921, France transferred the administration of Juan de Nova from Paris to
573:
410:
168:
155:
3250:
640:'s independence. Structures were built throughout the island to support the
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1872:
Biologie marine et exploitation des ressources de l’océan Indien occidental
1742:"PHOTOS. Le président Macron envoie l'Armée française sur les îles éparses"
855:
837:
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mining operation, including warehouses, housing, a prison, and a cemetery.
622:
115:
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Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the
409:—of roughly 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi). Forests, mainly of
3177:
2647:
2277:
2003:"Pétrole : deux compagnies font plier Ségolène Royal à Juan de Nova"
836:
that have sought refuge on the island, forming the largest colony in the
779:
549:
541:. Historically, the island was sometimes confused with the nearby island
434:
414:
3197:
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1924:
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Coral reefs are an important part of Juan de Nova Island's biodiversity.
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surrounded by reefs which enclose an area—not a true lagoon like in an
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2800:
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355:) is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the
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The difficult conditions for accessing the island has caused several
303:
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Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
875:
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382:
2143:
3307:
Important Bird Areas of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
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exploitation of guano stopped around 1970, after the price of
2946:
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588:
584:
406:
463:, some of which remain on the Island, including that of the
833:
560:
Acquisition by France and resource exploitation (1896–1975)
2105:
2523:
448:
and 288 kilometres (179 mi) from the African coast.
2650:
but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see
2048:
Benedict MQ, Levine RS, Hawley WA & Lounibos LP –
909:, an invasive Asian species that can carry pathogenic
378:, however its sovereignty is disputed by Madagascar.
16:
French territory and island in the Mozambique Channel
748:which ran onto the southern fringing reef in 1911.
704:
437:, 207 kilometres (129 mi) west-southwest from
3312:Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1977:"L'embarrassant pétrole français des îles Eparses"
579:At the time, the only visitors to the island were
3292:1897 establishments in the French colonial empire
1865:"Notes sur les îles françaises de l'océan Indien"
485:
385:. The island is garrisoned by French troops from
3273:
954:The island exhibits a tropical savanna climate (
2062:L. Bagny, M. Freulon, & H. Delatte (2009).
632:Hector Patureau's house on Juan de Nova Island.
57:Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
847:, says based on their research on the island:
3076:
2624:
2509:
2159:
681:Installation of a weather station (1971–1973)
3045:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3040:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2090:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1714:
545:, which is completely covered at high tide.
477:of 61,050 km (23,570 sq mi).
67:
28:
3297:Former populated places in the Indian Ocean
2309:
2052:. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2007, 7, 76-85
934:because it supports a very large colony of
845:Institut de recherche pour le développement
647:The workers on the island came mainly from
429:A map of Juan de Nova Island and its reefs.
370:Administratively, the island is one of the
3083:
3069:
2639:Outlying territories of European countries
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2152:
548:Although the island was located along the
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671:
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568:A coconut grove on Juan de Nova Island.
417:nest on the beaches around the island.
3274:
1862:
1806:from the original on 10 November 2011.
921:
722:2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment
3064:
2740:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
2612:
2525:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
2497:
2308:
2185:
2147:
2044:
2042:
1051:Climate data for Juan de Nova Island
926:The island has been identified as an
751:
711:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
600:colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
372:Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean
359:, about one-third of the way between
342:
257:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
1858:
1856:
913:, has also been seen on the island.
669:to Hector Patureau in compensation.
494:The cemetery on Juan de Nova Island.
2703:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
2173:
2128:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
2111:
376:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
247:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
13:
3322:Territorial disputes of Madagascar
2080:from the original on 28 July 2017.
2039:
1974:
1914:, no. 398, January 2012, p. 16-23.
797:
783:Ltd, as well as to Marex Inc. and
14:
3338:
1853:
1797:Commission Nationale de Toponymie
1041:80% (December) to 83% (February)
188:4.8 km (1.9 sq mi)
3104:Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands
2723:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
2593:
2583:
2571:
1836:"BEST Initiative - Indian Ocean"
705:Military presence (1974–present)
270:
225:
48:
2376:French domains of the Holy Land
2098:
2055:
2013:
1995:
1968:
1942:
773:
697:tourist resort was proposed by
676:A beach on Juan de Nova Island.
533:), before finally being dubbed
413:, cover about half the island.
3317:Territorial disputes of France
3010:British Indian Ocean Territory
2371:French domains of Saint Helena
1917:
1904:
1878:
1828:
1810:
1782:
1760:
1734:
858:family on Juan de Nova Island.
576:and Bassas da India, in 1897.
486:Discovery of the island (1501)
396:
1:
1727:
2009:(in French). 2 October 2015.
1799:(in French). 24 April 2006.
830:University of Reunion Island
420:
70:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
7:
3302:France–Madagascar relations
3096:French Southern Territories
3005:British Antarctic Territory
2646:Territories under European
2346: and Antarctic Lands
1524:Average precipitation days
1310:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1170:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
212:12.3 km (7.64 mi)
10:
3343:
1712:
1050:
949:
916:
480:
3236:
3228:Rallier du Baty Peninsula
3168:
3130:
3102:
2987:
2934:
2913:
2877:
2829:
2816:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2680:
2659:
2654:for further information).
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2337:
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2263:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2236:
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2181:
1748:(in French). 27 July 2021
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874:on the island, including
843:Pascale Chabanet, of the
735:
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216:
208:
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23:
3112:Falaises d'Entrecasteaux
3050:Turks and Caicos Islands
2402: the Indian Ocean
756:
539:William Fitzwilliam Owen
537:by the British explorer
3203:Île Saint-Lanne Gramont
2310:Uninhabited territories
2106:http://www.birdlife.org
893:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
812:on Juan de Nova Island.
507:Salvatore de Pilestrina
475:exclusive economic zone
204:1.6 km (1 mi)
196:6 km (3.7 mi)
3218:Péninsule Jeanne d'Arc
3117:Plateau des Tourbières
3015:British Virgin Islands
2240: collectivities
1717:Deutscher Wetterdienst
1715:
932:BirdLife International
865:
859:
821:
813:
806:A spider of the genus
693:A project to create a
677:
633:
569:
495:
430:
344:[ilʒɥɑ̃dənɔva]
335:
298:Additional information
68:
29:
3287:Islands of Madagascar
2842:Caribbean Netherlands
2187:Inhabited territories
940:greater crested terns
861:
853:
828:Researchers from the
819:
805:
675:
631:
567:
493:
428:
169:17.05556°S 42.72500°E
3145:Île de la Possession
3092:Important Bird Areas
2465:overseas departments
2400:Scattered Islands in
2281: collectivity
2071:ENTOMOLOGIE MÉDICALE
1100:Record high °C (°F)
374:, a district of the
3282:Juan de Nova Island
3256:Juan de Nova Island
3223:Loranchet Peninsula
2957:Plazas de Soberanía
2767:Juan de Nova Island
2558:Juan de Nova Island
2434:Juan de Nova Island
2321:North Pacific Ocean
2027:. 21 September 2015
1863:Malick, M. (1976).
1840:European Commission
1380:Record low °C (°F)
1240:Daily mean °C (°F)
928:Important Bird Area
922:Important Bird Area
688:World Weather Watch
328:Juan de Nova Island
293:15 (military, 2019)
174:-17.05556; 42.72500
165: /
93:
25:Juan de Nova Island
2972:Chafarinas Islands
2652:inclusion criteria
2590:Islands portal
2339:Overseas territory
1892:on 29 January 2012
1018:December to March
986:April to November
900:Mansonia uniformis
860:
822:
814:
752:Economic resources
678:
634:
570:
496:
439:Tanjona Vilanandro
431:
357:Mozambique Channel
242:Overseas territory
142:Mozambique Channel
91:
3269:
3268:
3238:Scattered Islands
3188:Golfe du Morbihan
3183:Courbet Peninsula
3170:Kerguelen Islands
3160:Îlots des Apôtres
3155:Île des Pingouins
3122:Saint Paul Island
3058:
3057:
2967:Alhucemas Islands
2821:Wallis and Futuna
2733:Saint Paul Island
2718:Kerguelen Islands
2688:Clipperton Island
2606:
2605:
2600:Oceans portal
2491:
2490:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2390:Amsterdam Islands
2381:Kerguelen Islands
2329:Clipperton Island
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2268:Wallis and Futuna
1824:. 22 August 2015.
1724:
1723:
1573:relative humidity
1045:
1044:
658:droit du seigneur
554:Olivier Levasseur
325:
324:
89:
88:
3334:
3327:Seabird colonies
3085:
3078:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3035:Pitcairn Islands
3025:Falkland Islands
2806:Saint Barthélemy
2755:Glorioso Islands
2728:Amsterdam Island
2698:French Polynesia
2633:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2598:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2546:Glorioso Islands
2518:
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2420:Glorioso Islands
2401:
2352:
2351:
2345:
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2317:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2280:
2253:Saint Barthélemy
2248:French Polynesia
2239:
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2017:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1975:Sartre, Julien.
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1888:. Archived from
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1876:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1848:
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1832:
1826:
1825:
1814:
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1024:
1007:
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996:
992:
964:
963:
906:Aedes albopictus
872:invasive species
854:A crab from the
715:Glorioso Islands
527:Saint-Christophe
519:San-Christophoro
447:
346:
341:
336:Île Juan de Nova
276:
274:
273:
231:
229:
228:
180:
179:
177:
176:
175:
170:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
118:
109:
94:
90:
73:
52:
40:
32:
30:Île Juan de Nova
21:
20:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3261:Tromelin Island
3232:
3164:
3140:Île aux Cochons
3126:
3098:
3089:
3059:
3054:
2983:
2930:
2909:
2900:Queen Maud Land
2873:
2825:
2772:Tromelin Island
2745:Bassas da India
2676:
2655:
2640:
2637:
2607:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2576:
2567:
2563:Tromelin Island
2536:Bassas da India
2527:
2522:
2492:
2487:
2469:Claimed by the
2443:
2439:Tromelin Island
2410:Bassas da India
2394:
2344:French Southern
2333:
2311:
2292:
2272:
2232:
2200: regions
2188:
2177:
2175:Overseas France
2172:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1005:
1001:
994:
990:
952:
924:
919:
800:
798:Fauna and flora
785:Roc Oil Company
776:
759:
754:
738:
724:, as well as a
707:
699:Gilbert Trigano
683:
562:
543:Bassas da India
531:Lislet Geoffroy
488:
483:
441:
423:
399:
391:weather station
339:
321:
280:
271:
269:
236:
226:
224:
173:
171:
167:
164:
159:
156:
154:
152:
151:
100:
98:Disputed island
83:La Marseillaise
59:
54:
53:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:Îles Nuageuses
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3132:Crozet Islands
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Cayman Islands
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2988:United Kingdom
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Alboran Island
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Canary Islands
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2895:Peter I Island
2892:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2857:Sint Eustatius
2854:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2752:
2747:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2720:
2715:
2713:Crozet Islands
2710:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2551:Banc du Geyser
2543:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2463:Also known as
2460:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:Banc du Geyser
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Crozet Islands
2363:
2355:
2349:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2110:
2108:on 2012-01-07.
2097:
2054:
2038:
2012:
1994:
1967:
1941:
1929:ifrecor-doc.fr
1916:
1903:
1877:
1852:
1827:
1818:"SS Tottenham"
1809:
1781:
1759:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:sunshine hours
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:sunshine hours
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
998:
993:(April) to 25
987:
984:
980:
979:
976:
975:Precipitation
973:
970:
967:
951:
948:
923:
920:
918:
915:
799:
796:
775:
772:
758:
755:
753:
750:
737:
734:
706:
703:
682:
679:
561:
558:
487:
484:
482:
479:
422:
419:
403:nature reserve
398:
395:
323:
322:
320:
319:
308:
306:
300:
299:
295:
294:
291:
287:
286:
282:
281:
268:
265:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
238:
237:
222:
219:
218:
217:Administration
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
101:
87:
86:
75:
74:
61:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
42:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3339:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Europa Island
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2977:Velez Islands
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Bouvet Island
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:New Caledonia
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Europa Island
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:French Guiana
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2672:Faroe Islands
2670:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:Europa Island
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Europa Island
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2303:
2289:
2288:New Caledonia
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2208:French Guiana
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2093:
2087:
2076:
2073:(in French).
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1956:. 23 May 2005
1955:
1951:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1769:
1763:
1747:
1746:KoolSaina.com
1743:
1737:
1733:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:Mean monthly
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1452:precipitation
1448:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1054:
1049:
1040:
1030:
1021:Stable: 28.4
1020:
1017:
1015:Rainy season
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
988:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
971:
968:
966:
965:
962:
960:
957:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
914:
912:
908:
907:
902:
901:
896:
894:
890:
889:Culex sitiens
886:
882:
881:Aedes aegypti
877:
873:
868:
864:
857:
852:
848:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
826:
818:
811:
810:
804:
795:
792:
789:
786:
781:
771:
769:
764:
749:
747:
746:
733:
729:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
702:
700:
696:
691:
689:
674:
670:
668:
662:
660:
659:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
630:
626:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
574:Europa Island
566:
557:
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3255:
3208:Îles Leygues
3150:Île de l'Est
2869:Sint Maarten
2811:Saint Martin
2766:
2760:Geyser Shoal
2557:
2549:
2433:
2424:
2358:
2258:Saint Martin
2130:. Retrieved
2125:
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2100:
2070:
2057:
2049:
2029:. Retrieved
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1980:
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1958:. Retrieved
1953:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:the original
1880:
1874:(in French).
1871:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1796:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1770:. ethnia.org
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1745:
1736:
1454:mm (inches)
983:Cool season
972:Temperature
958:
953:
925:
904:
898:
885:Aedes fryeri
879:
869:
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856:Coenobitidae
842:
838:Indian Ocean
827:
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780:hydrocarbons
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623:World War II
616:
604:Saint-Pierre
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535:Juan de Nova
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505:on a map by
502:
499:João da Nova
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285:Demographics
223:
127:João da Nova
92:Juan de Nova
78:
65:Motto:
64:
18:
3178:Baie Larose
2830:Netherlands
2708:Adélie Land
2648:sovereignty
2548:(including
2481:Claimed by
2475:Claimed by
2360:Adélie Land
2278:Sui generis
1983:(in French)
1896:15 December
1752:29 November
1666:Mean daily
1010:79% to 66%
936:sooty terns
550:spice route
511:Joa de Nova
442: [
435:Tambohorano
415:Sea turtles
397:Description
172: /
148:Coordinates
3276:Categories
3251:Île du Lys
3030:Montserrat
2786:Martinique
2781:Guadeloupe
2477:Madagascar
2386:Saint Paul
2218:Martinique
2213:Guadeloupe
2031:8 February
2025:Légifrance
1987:8 February
1960:8 February
1954:Légifrance
1934:8 February
1845:5 February
1822:Wreck Site
1774:2 November
1728:References
1526:(≥ 0.1 mm)
944:introduced
876:mosquitoes
768:phosphates
653:Seychelles
638:Madagascar
612:Madagascar
596:Tananarive
591:per year.
461:shipwrecks
389:and has a
365:Mozambique
361:Madagascar
340:pronounced
290:Population
278:Madagascar
263:Claimed by
160:42°43′30″E
157:17°03′20″S
2890:Jan Mayen
2667:Greenland
2483:Mauritius
2342: (
1981:Mediapart
1035:to 275.8
997:(August)
978:Humidity
911:arbovirus
770:dropped.
745:Tottenham
649:Mauritius
642:phosphate
525:, 1570),
517:, 1569),
466:Tottenham
421:Geography
353:Nosy Kely
316:UTC+03:00
304:Time zone
209:Coastline
133:Geography
123:Etymology
3198:Île Howe
3193:Île Foch
2995:Anguilla
2914:Portugal
2905:Svalbard
2238:Overseas
2198:Overseas
2086:cite web
2075:Archived
2007:Le Marin
1801:Archived
1713:Source:
1661:3,228.5
1571:Average
1450:Average
1004:to 39.6
878:such as
743:SS
726:gendarme
695:Club Med
651:and the
619:airstrip
581:Malagasy
523:Ortelius
515:Mercator
509:(1519),
383:airstrip
349:Malagasy
253:District
138:Location
3094:of the
3000:Bermuda
2952:Melilla
2926:Madeira
2864:Curaçao
2847:Bonaire
2801:Réunion
2791:Mayotte
2660:Denmark
2471:Comoros
2228:Réunion
2223:Mayotte
2132:5 April
1912:Air Fan
1519:(38.8)
1464:(11.4)
1459:(12.8)
1375:(77.5)
1370:(79.5)
1365:(78.4)
1360:(76.5)
1355:(74.7)
1350:(73.9)
1345:(74.1)
1340:(75.7)
1335:(78.4)
1330:(80.2)
1325:(80.2)
1320:(79.7)
1315:(79.9)
1305:(80.8)
1300:(83.1)
1295:(82.0)
1290:(80.1)
1285:(78.1)
1280:(77.0)
1275:(76.8)
1270:(78.3)
1265:(81.0)
1260:(82.9)
1255:(83.5)
1250:(82.8)
1245:(82.9)
1235:(84.0)
1230:(86.7)
1225:(85.8)
1220:(83.8)
1215:(81.9)
1210:(80.4)
1205:(80.2)
1200:(81.3)
1195:(84.0)
1190:(86.4)
1185:(86.7)
1180:(86.0)
1175:(86.2)
1025:- 28.5
969:Period
950:Climate
917:Geology
809:Nephila
608:Réunion
598:in its
481:History
387:Réunion
81: "
79:Anthem:
2921:Azores
2878:Norway
2681:France
1886:"TAAF"
1768:"data"
1658:251.1
1655:300.0
1652:313.1
1649:282.0
1646:285.2
1643:275.9
1640:273.0
1637:282.1
1634:276.0
1631:257.3
1628:203.4
1625:229.4
1514:(5.5)
1509:(0.9)
1504:(0.3)
1499:(0.0)
1494:(0.2)
1489:(0.4)
1484:(0.4)
1479:(0.7)
1474:(0.8)
1469:(5.5)
1056:Month
1031:100.7
956:Köppen
736:Wrecks
332:French
275:
233:France
230:
193:Length
37:French
33:
2947:Ceuta
2935:Spain
2837:Aruba
2122:(PDF)
2078:(PDF)
2067:(PDF)
1868:(PDF)
1804:(PDF)
1793:(PDF)
1702:10.0
1699:10.1
1445:(61)
1440:(72)
1435:(66)
1430:(66)
1425:(66)
1420:(63)
1415:(64)
1410:(66)
1405:(68)
1400:(70)
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1165:(95)
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1120:(91)
1115:(91)
1110:(91)
1105:(93)
1095:Year
989:28.4
834:terns
763:guano
757:Guano
589:copra
585:guano
446:]
407:atoll
201:Width
2852:Saba
2388:and
2134:2017
2092:link
2033:2021
1989:2021
1962:2021
1936:2021
1898:2011
1847:2021
1776:2019
1754:2021
1708:8.8
1705:8.1
1696:9.4
1693:9.2
1690:8.9
1687:9.1
1684:9.1
1681:9.2
1678:8.3
1675:7.2
1672:7.4
1575:(%)
1373:25.3
1368:26.4
1363:25.8
1358:24.7
1353:23.7
1348:23.3
1343:23.4
1338:24.3
1333:25.8
1328:26.8
1323:26.8
1318:26.5
1313:26.6
1303:27.1
1298:28.4
1293:27.8
1288:26.7
1283:25.6
1278:25.0
1273:24.9
1268:25.7
1263:27.2
1258:28.3
1253:28.6
1248:28.2
1243:28.3
1233:28.9
1228:30.4
1223:29.9
1218:28.8
1213:27.7
1208:26.9
1203:26.8
1198:27.4
1193:28.9
1188:30.2
1183:30.4
1178:30.0
1173:30.1
1092:Dec
1089:Nov
1086:Oct
1083:Sep
1080:Aug
1077:Jul
1074:Jun
1071:May
1068:Apr
1065:Mar
1062:Feb
1059:Jan
1000:1.9
897:and
363:and
185:Area
1614:75
1611:77
1608:75
1605:75
1602:74
1599:72
1596:71
1593:70
1590:71
1587:74
1584:78
1581:81
1578:80
1566:65
1563:10
1533:13
1530:13
1517:986
1512:139
1467:140
1462:289
1457:324
930:by
667:CFA
617:An
606:on
347:),
312:EAT
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2088:}}
2084:{{
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2041:^
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1487:11
1477:18
1472:21
1443:16
1438:22
1433:19
1428:19
1423:19
1418:17
1413:18
1408:19
1403:20
1398:21
1393:20
1388:16
1383:20
1163:35
1158:35
1153:34
1148:32
1143:33
1138:33
1133:32
1128:33
1123:33
1118:33
1113:33
1108:33
1103:34
1037:mm
1033:mm
1027:°C
1023:°C
1006:mm
1002:mm
995:°C
991:°C
959:Aw
946:.
903:.
891:,
887:,
883:,
840:.
610:.
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444:fr
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