792:(1605–1686), but left unnamed. It often appears in the land records from 1661 onward. South of Steelpone Bay appears Beacon Bay, more often called Bacon Bay in early deeds. Development began here in 1658 when Gov. Fendall and Captain Cornwallis took up lands on its shores. On the south side of the bay is Beacon Creek. Here Gov. Josias Fendall took up his 2,000 acre (8 km) Great Oak Manor, which apparently was referring to a large oak tree on an oyster shell bank which marked the southwest corner of the property. In 1658 and thereafter the deed records use the name Fendall's Creek for the stream. But Fendall fell into political disgrace in 1659 when he headed a revolt against the proprietor. The careful Herrman therefore prefers to call this stream Beacon Creek. South from Beacon Creek is Farlo Creek, now called Farley or
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Edward
Watkins, in the Potomac River and a warrant was issued for his arrest, but he was not found. Here the record of his career closes. It is possible that he fled, possibly even along with his wife Mary and started a second family in Virginia or North Carolina. The name of Mary Fendall, his widow and administratrix, appears in court records in 1688. Mary was in or near James City, York Co., Virginia on May 14, 1688. On June 10, 1690, she applied for administration upon the estate. According to her petition, Josias had died intestate (without a will). (excerpts taken from several sources including: "National Encyclopedia of Americana", "Archives of Maryland", and several additional records).
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719:, for building.) It had a field in front of it, which was large enough for a troop of 36 mounted horses in a two-file formation. Nearby was Fendall's cow pen. He kept horses and cows. His mark for hogs and cattle was a "cropt on the left ear, and under keeled on the right ear", entered into the Charles Co., court record June 3, 1658. The house was at least two stories high, and large enough to hold court, which it did several times. It had a fireside where people could sit and talk. He had several servants that lived on his plantation. In 1681 Josias sold a boat that was at least large enough to carry a man, wife, and four children.
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485:, Esq. (1608–1673). On the tenth day, the Lower House sent a message to the governor and council, that they intended to be the highest court without being depended upon by the Upper House. Many compared this act to the time when the Commons of England had abolished the House of Lords and made themselves alone the Parliament of the realm. In addition this meant that they wanted to be independent of the Proprietor, Lord Baltimore. Two days of conferences resulted with the two bodies sitting as one. Thus, Maryland had gone back to a
606:, this developed into a panic. The Governor assured them that all the Indians in the area had recently signed treaties of peace. However, the days when isolated settlers fell to the tomahawk lived in their recollections as a reality more potent than paper with marks, or tokens. The threat of the Indians remained a factor in the suspicions directed toward Lord Baltimore and his administration. As a result, it is said that Fendall and Coode organized troops to stop Lord Baltimore.
434:. The turmoil between the two parties was passed and there now sat two separate bodies, an upper house consisting of the governor and council and a lower house of elected delegates from each of the four counties (St. Mary's, Kent, Calvert, and Anne Arundel). Maryland was now a miniature parliament. Fendall showed legislative skill in shepherding several much needed laws through the Assembly. On May 10, 1658, Gov. Fendall proclaimed the region in which he resided
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His wealth as a large landholder gave him considerable prestige, but his judicial dignity and authorities added other invisible qualities to his position in the
Province. The baronial court decided all disputes between the Lord and his tenants concerning such matters as rents or trespass or escheats. The Lords of the Manor like all subjects of the Province subscribed to an oath of allegiance to the Lord Proprietary, and in turn the residents swore fealty to the
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469:(1732–1799). Washington charged that in 1658, Prescott, a merchant, had committed a felony while hanging Richardson, on his ship "Sea Horse of London" as it was bound from England on the high seas, en route to Maryland. Trial was set, Prescott proved that though he was owner of the ship, he was not master at the time. Therefore, he was acquitted because of the absence of Washington, who could not attend due to the baptism of his son.
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332:, for the governor's force. They ransacked an area of about 40 square miles (100 km) which included the houses of Mr. Richard Preston "The Great Quaker" (c. 1618–1669) and John Sutton, who were prominent men. The arms and ammunition were gathered for the governor's force which was planning to attack the Puritan settlers at Providence. Providence was located on the north side at the mouth of the
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oake by a creeke called
Fendall's Creeke 635 perches bounding on the south by a line drawn east from the said oake 500 perches on the east by a line drawn north from the end of the east line 500 perches on the north by a line drawn west from the end of the north line 150 perches to the first marked oake containing and laid out for 2,000 acres (8.1 km) more or less
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awarded a hearing in which 3 petitioners in support of over 200 townspeople, who were members of the
Puritan community, presented a defense for the prisoners. They claimed that the men should be spared, and that they should not judge treason. If they did, they would be guilty of the same transgression the government of
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Lying on the east side of
Chesapeake Bay and on the south side of a bay in the said bay called Bacon Bay beginning at a marked oake by the creeke side running for bredth north north west to the mouth of Bacon Bay two hundred twenty and five perches and south south west down Chesapeake Bay to a marked
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was based upon the
English system of land tenure, with the Lord of the Manor and a tenancy of planters and farmers dependent on him. In addition to the land that the Lord owned, it also provided the owner with rights of government which the Lord possessed over his tenants, and they over one another.
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In 1682 Fendall was a resident in
Virginia, in a portion of Virginia which later became part of Perquimans County, North Carolina. It was found that he was stirring up another rebellion there. Two years later on June 26, 1684, it was reported that he was on the London ship, Margarett, captained by
602:. The massacre of five men and a woman at St. Mary's was pointed to as evidence that Lord Baltimore's policy toward the Indians was adequate. Fendall gathered planters in Charles County, to discuss these rumors, which coupled with the fear of the Indian raids that had engulfed their neighbors in
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Sr. (1645–1711), the owner. This estate was later owned by the
Marburys, who were descendants of Fendall. Fendall was tried on November 15, by the Catholic Court, dominated by the Calverts. For fear that Fendall would have time to influence the people who charged him, he was not allowed by the
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Fendall was sentenced to death along with Gov. Stone and 10 others. However, only 4 sentences were actually carried out, including that of
William Eltonhead. Before the remaining men could be executed, the people of Providence came before the War Council and petitioned the execution. They were
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In the course of his lifetime Josias was given many titles. These included "Captain", "Esquire", "His
Excellency", Lord Proprietary" and "Gentleman". Lord Baltimore termed him "Lieutenant and Chief Governor", and often called him "Our Lieutenant". He was commissioned "Lieutenant General",
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Toward the end of his tenure as governor, Fendall was criticized by the proprietor for negligence at courts and for contradicting court orders. In March, 1660, with a number of associates, including Capt. William Fuller (died 1695), and the Assembly, he suddenly attempted to overthrow the
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Subsequently, in response to a petition for mercy to the Governor and council, and although the Lord proprietor had specially given injunction not to allow him to escape with his life, he was pardoned, and, his punishment was reduced to disfranchisement and disqualification for office.
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was a traitor and he could prove it, that people were fools if they paid taxes. He was also heard saying that it was time for people to speak their minds and say anything for it was not treason and he hoped within a few years to have more honor in the country than he ever had prior.
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He retired to his estate in Charles County where he had a wife, a daughter, a brother, and several servants. In 1678, the freemen of that county were disposed to elect him a delegate to the Assembly. However, fearing the possibility that he could foment disorder, the governor,
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courts to enquire into the evidence of his crime. He was allowed to screen the jurors, in which he dismissed the Catholics and retained the Protestants. In the hearing, he was found guilty of attempting to raise a mutiny in Charles County and sedition through the utterance of "
626:". Authorities apparently freed Coode on bail within five days, but Fendall remained in custody. It is very doubtful that a rebellion was actually under way. Virginia observers felt that Lord Baltimore's charges against the two men were unsupported and "
695:"Admiral", and "Chief Captain and Commander". Until 1661 he was also by commission "Chancellor", "Chief Justice", and "Chief Magistrate". James Walter Thomas in his book the "Chronicles of Maryland" termed Josias, "Fendall, the Cromwell of Maryland".
415:(1626–1682), a younger brother of Cecil, as advisor. As a result of reading the Articles of Agreement from Lord Baltimore on March 23, Capt. William Fuller and the other commissioners formally surrendered the Provisional Government to Josias Fendall.
661:". Another Fendall partisan, Lt. George Godfrey, a court justice and militia officer in a troop of horse of Capt. Randolph Brandt I (died 1714), of Charles County, did not fare quite as well. Godfrey had attempted to organize a troop "
630:". Some suggested that the arrests were merely one attempt to prevent participation by either Coode or Fendall in the upcoming session of the Assembly, which already promised to be a heated confrontation over defense policies.
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alone. Nevertheless, rumors circulated that in 1681, Fendall and Coode had planned to move their families temporarily to Virginia. Upon hearing this, Lord Baltimore had them arrested. It was said that they were arrested
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Fendall was also responsible for increasing and improving the Maryland Militia. He divided the Province into districts in which a commander was put in charge of policing. In addition two regiments were organized.
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was flown. The battle was also the first in which the Provincial flag of Maryland was flown (colors of black and yellow). Among the Proprietary Forces numbering about 225, there were 17 killed and 32 wounded.
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for the government of that province. Stone commissioned Fendall, to be one of his officers, along with William Eltonhead, Esq. (c. 1616–1655) and twenty men, to seize some arms and ammunition at
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mouth, where Steel Bone Creek flows into a small bay. In the early records this creek was Steepone Creek and the bay was Steepone Bay, both mentioned in records of 1659. The modern form
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for having resigned his government to the Lord Protector in July, 1654, and accusing him of cowardice in surrendering without striking a single blow. In addition the letters confirmed "
411:(1605–1675). This agreement stated that the government was definitely restored to the proprietor, Governor Fendall, as well as a new commission curtailing his power as governor, with
359:, fought on Sunday, March 25, 1655, was the first battle ever fought between American soldiers on American soil. The battle was the only battle in America in which the flag of the
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In April 1679, he was charged with seditious utterances and a warrant was issued for his arrest, but he was not found. According to William Boyden, Josias was heard saying that,
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proprietary government. This was a bloodless rebellion against Lord Baltimore, probably instigated by the Cromwell Government in England, and was termed "Fendall's Rebellion".
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780:. This tract was laid out on August 16, 1658, and granted February 28, 1659. Fendall was awarded this land with Court Baron only. Great Oak Manor was located south of the
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In 1657, he visited England, and in his absence, he appointed Dr. Luke Barber Sr. (c. 1615–1668) to administer the government. Barber had been the household physician of
400:(1599–1658). However, Fendall became weary of his confinement and was released, September 24, upon taking an oath that he would not interfere with the government.
348:(1606–1677). Along with Governor Stone, who had been injured in the shoulder, Josias was taken prisoner in a conflict which resulted from the attempt, in the
438:, making it the 5th oldest county in the state, and quickly followed that with the formation of Baltimore County in the frontier area at the head of the bay.
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One case of interest that occurred while Fendall was in office had to do with some unusual circumstances. On October 5, 1659, a Provincial Court met at "
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Jr. (c. 1648–1709), who a few years later was the principal leader in the overthrow of the proprietary government. Josias had heard that the
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in Mt. Calvert Hundred, Calvert Co., Maryland, which is now part of Patuxent Hundred, Prince George's Co., Maryland, near the present day
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Fendall's services were rewarded by a grant of two thousand acres (8 km) of land and by appointment, July 10, 1656, as governor from
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Fendall's family never resided personally at Great Oak Manor, although he succeeded in clearing the forests to cultivate tobacco there.
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In the next two years, Fendall took the province a considerable distance away from the worst disorders of the decade. He persuaded the
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commissioned his younger brother and Josias' former advisor, Philip Calvert (1626–1682), as governor, and Charles II, commanded "
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legislature of earlier times. Fendall accepted these conditions and tendered to the Assembly his resignation, as governor under
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The attempted revolution was easily frustrated, thanks to the fall of the Cromwell Government, May 29, 1660, and the return of
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kept his patent and that his highness, the lord protector, had neither taken the lord Baltimore's patent from him, nor his land
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and was the place of residence of most of the commissioners, and people that were forced out of Virginia by Governor Sir
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683:(1795–1870) wrote an account of the events leading up to and including this trial in his historical romance novel "
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During the sentence the Assembly notified that with the severity of the offense the law would allow for the "
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campus. It included 1050 acres (4.2 km). Josias obtained this property on July 2, 1649, for "
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This rebellion was instigated at a meeting of the Assembly, which took place at the residence of Dr.
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Map of the rivers of the Eastern Shore of Maryland with the Sassafras and its watershed highlighted.
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in their own houses at dead of night in time of peace with force of arms and without warrants shown
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About this time Josias had also become influential in northern Virginia among sympathizers of
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This Manor came with all the rights and privileges of the "Lord of a Manor" in England. The
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is of later origin. Churn Creek, lying near Steelpone, is shown by the early mapmaker
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Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 11, 1681–1685
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boaring of the tongue, cropping one or both ears, and other corporal punishments
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The other land holding that Fendall owned was called "Great Oak Manor", in
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Fendall had several land holdings. One of these land ownings was named "
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765:(1636–1677) of Charles Co., Maryland for 22,000 pounds of tobacco.
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Jr., Esq. (died 1689), the Secretary of Virginia and no great friend of
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461:(died 1658). Fendall presided, and the charges were preferred by Col.
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In describing Great Oak Manor, the following description was used: "
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465:(c. 1634–1677), an immigrant, and the great-grandfather of Gen.
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Although records do not mention when Fendall emigrated to the
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on August 15, and held to answer to the charge of being "
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Fendall's house was located on the west side of the
842:"Proceedings of the Council of Maryland, 1693–1697"
523:(1630–1685) to England as King. On June 24, 1660,
515:(1630–1685) was restored as King of England in 1660
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852:. State of Maryland: xii–xiv. 1900-08-01
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732:Patuxent River
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503:Philip Calvert
491:Lord Baltimore
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428:Calvert County
413:Philip Calvert
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1520:1620s births
1497:
1447:
1175:
1129:(since 1776)
956:
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854:. Retrieved
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334:Severn River
323:
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298:
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278:coat of arms
259:in America.
230:
229:
167:Succeeded by
144:
105:
99:October 2007
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1525:1687 deaths
923:Provincial
778:Kent County
600:Protestants
592:Protestants
245: 1687
238: 1628
203:Nationality
155:Preceded by
1514:Categories
1465:Glendening
1403:Harrington
1348:J. Carroll
1263:T. Carroll
1022:Greenberry
987:B. Calvert
962:P. Calvert
942:L. Calvert
856:2008-05-26
828:References
655:John Coode
580:John Coode
521:Charles II
513:Charles II
487:unicameral
326:Parliament
276:Fendall's
69:newspapers
1303:P. Thomas
1293:F. Thomas
1278:J. Thomas
1273:G. Howard
1166:J. Howard
1161:Smallwood
1037:Nicholson
635:Mattaponi
619:Catholics
338:Annapolis
315:that the
263:Biography
213:Signature
145:In office
1475:O'Malley
1460:Schaefer
1428:McKeldin
1393:Crothers
1388:Warfield
1363:H. Lloyd
1353:Hamilton
1333:O. Bowie
1323:Bradford
1223:R. Bowie
1218:E. Lloyd
1208:R. Bowie
1032:Lawrence
1012:Lawrence
811:See also
420:Puritans
390:Puritans
370:Virginia
342:Maryland
330:Patuxent
253:Maryland
135:4th
1498:Italics
1470:Ehrlich
1418:O'Conor
1408:Ritchie
1378:Lowndes
1368:Jackson
1248:Stevens
1233:Ridgely
1146:Johnson
1052:Seymour
972:Wharton
957:Fendall
707:, near
584:Papists
207:English
83:scholar
1455:Hughes
1449:B. Lee
1443:Mandel
1358:McLane
1343:Groome
1288:Grason
1283:Veazey
1268:Martin
1258:Martin
1243:Sprigg
1228:Winder
1213:Wright
1203:Mercer
1183:T. Lee
1171:Plater
1151:T. Lee
1127:State
1112:Sharpe
1107:Tasker
1097:Bladen
1067:Brooke
1027:Andros
1017:Andros
1007:Copley
992:Joseph
977:Notley
947:Greene
726:" or "
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1485:Moore
1480:Hogan
1438:Agnew
1433:Tawes
1383:Smith
1373:Brown
1338:Whyte
1328:Swann
1318:Hicks
1313:Ligon
1298:Pratt
1193:Henry
1188:Stone
1177:Brice
1057:Lloyd
1047:Tench
997:Coode
952:Stone
717:Mekee
713:Wicko
449:" in
90:JSTOR
76:books
1423:Lane
1413:Nice
1308:Lowe
1253:Kent
1198:Ogle
1156:Paca
1117:Eden
1102:Ogle
1092:Ogle
1082:Ogle
1062:Hart
355:The
198:1687
195:Died
190:1628
187:Born
62:news
646:".
251:of
45:by
1516::
850:20
848:.
844:.
804:"
340:,
242:c.
240:–
235:c.
907:e
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893:v
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586:(
233:(
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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