33:
588:
politicians. When LaFontaine and
Baldwin formed the government in 1848, they converted the position from fee-based compensation to a salary of ÂŁ250. Even though Barthe had stated before the change that he only received ÂŁ250 as fees, after he was put on salary for that amount he complained bitterly about the change, which he said was a three-quarter reduction in his income. He attempted to appoint his brother-in-law as his deputy, but most of the judges of the Court refused to accept that arrangement and would only sit with Barthe as clerk. Barthe finally resigned in late 1850. He then published articles in
524:
562:. All but one of the members of the Council resigned, in protest at Metcalfe's refusal to follow the Council's advice in the matter of government appointments. There was a debate in the Assembly and a motion passed, supporting LaFontaine, Baldwin and the other former members of Council. Barthe, like most of the French-Canadian Group, voted in favour of the motion and criticised Metcalfe. Somewhat surprisingly, Viger and Neilson voted in support of Metcalfe. Shortly afterwards, Metcalfe appointed Viger and a conservative member from Upper Canada,
539:, introduced a motion condemning the way the union had been imposed on Lower Canada without consent. All of the members of the French-Canadian Group, including Barthe, voted in favour of the motion and against the union, as did some of the reformers from Upper Canada. The motion was defeated, which was considered a vote in favour of the union. For the rest of the first session, Barthe was a consistent opponent of the Governor General,
669:
658:
1282:
712:, which appeared in 1885. Although his political passions had cooled somewhat, the writing style was difficult to follow. He had a tendency to exaggerate the roles he played, and to outright invent events that historical research shows did not occur. It was nonetheless an important record of the young idealistic generation that came of age in the 1830s, and played a role in the politics of the mid-19th century.
356:
442:, who wrote and lectured on the need for French-Canadians to expand from the traditional economic activities of rural life and the professions. He also followed Parent's emphasis on the need for French-Canadian identity to become the rallying point, the ultimate "political dogma", in French-Canadian society.
587:
In 1846, Viger retired from politics. Shortly before he retired, he arranged for Barthe to be appointed Clerk of the Court of
Appeals, a prestigious and lucrative position. The appointment was heavily criticised as a patronage reward for Barthe, by lawyers in the Quebec bar and also by the elected
569:
The reason Viger supported
Metcalfe was that he disagreed with LaFontaine's approach of an alliance with Upper Canada reformers. Viger and Neilson did not agree with the concept of responsible government (Neilson called it a "humbug") and preferred coalitions based on ethnicity, rather than common
301:
Barth attended the SĂ©minaire de
Nicolet for seven years between 1827 and 1834. He completed his first year of the philosophy course at Nicolet, but when he returned for the second year he could not successfully complete the philosophy program. Shifting his interests to medicine, he studied under
574:
was sharply critical of LaFontaine. However, in the 1844 general elections, LaFontaine and his supporters in the French-Canadian Group targeted Viger and his supporters. The French-Canadian electorate in Lower Canada voted largely for LaFontaine's approach. Viger, Neilson, and Barthe were all
623:
In 1853, Barthe announced that he could not "endure the haughtiness or the injustice of political adversaries", and moved with his family to France. He had two goals: to encourage greater ties between France and Lower Canada, and to gain an affiliation between the
317:
During his time in Trois-RiviĂšres, Barthe was exposed to politics. His uncle, Ătienne Tapin, was well-respected in the area and was friends with many local notables. Barnard and Kimber were both members of the
Legislative Assembly, and both were members of the
282:, the eldest son of Joseph Barthe and Marie-Louise-Esther Tapin. His grandfather, Thaddée-Alexis Barthe, emigrated from France prior to 1784. His father, Joseph, was a farmer and then a sea captain, who engaged in a legal battle with
367:
Although he had successfully been called to the bar, Barthe did not practise as a lawyer. Instead, he began a career as a journalist, poet and author. He started by publishing letters and poetry on political matters in the newspaper
1317:
620:, an association of relatively young professionals of liberal tendencies, which provided a forum for discussions and public lectures. In 1850, he published an article discussing the abolition of the death penalty.
438:, Barthe emphasised the need for French-Canadians to become more active in the commercial world, and to compete with the more advanced commercial activities of Upper Canada. In this, he took a similar position to
638:, in which he encouraged greater French involvement with Lower Canada, including French emigration. The book went into Canadian political history in great detail, but from a strongly partisan view, praising the
516:
575:
defeated in their ridings, by candidates who supported LaFontaine's position. Barthe wrote furious articles condemning LaFontaine and the successful candidate in his own riding,
290:. Joseph Barthe lost some of his property as a result and had to relocate to a different part of the Gaspé. He sent Joseph-Guillaume, then still in childhood, away to
500:
The first general elections for the new
Parliament were held in the spring of 1841. Barthe stood for election as an anti-unionist candidate. He was elected to the
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49:
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45:
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332:, were both classmates with Barthe at the SĂ©minaire de Nicolet, and also went on to legal and political careers. All of them supported the
431:. Barthe was grateful to Viger as his patron for the rest of his life, and thereafter consistently supported Viger's political positions.
555:
540:
283:
634:. He lived in France until 1855, but was not successful in his goals. Towards the end of his time in France, he published a book,
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ideological principles. Once Viger was in office, Barthe naturally took his patron's position, and in his newspaper articles in
536:
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1307:
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In 1855, he returned to Canada, initially settling in Trois-RiviĂšres, where he was the editor for two different newspapers,
339:
In 1844, Barthe married Louise-Adélaïde Pacaud, sister of the Pacaud brothers. The couple had seven children. His brother
298:, also in the Trois-RiviĂšres area, for secondary education. He did not see his family again until his late teens, in 1834.
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287:
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In the first session of the new
Parliament, the main issue was the union of the Canadas. One of the leaders of the
1071:
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468:
958:
753:(Paris: Ledoyen, libraire, 1855), 419 pp; includes a portrait, six engravings, and a map; preface by the publisher
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and attacking LaFontaine. It did not do well in the French markets. Nor did he obtain any affiliation for the
1262:
726:. There were persistent rumours that the two had a sexual relationship, and that Laurier was the father of
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to live with his uncle, Ătienne Tapin, for his primary schooling. Later on, Joseph-Guillaume attended the
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467:), the British government decided to merge the two provinces into a single province, as recommended by
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415:, the only French-language newspaper in Montreal at that time. The publisher who made the offer was
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broke out in 1837, and again in 1838. After the
Rebellion had been suppressed, Barthe wrote a poem
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226:(March 16, 1816 – August 4, 1893) was a lawyer, journalist, poet and political figure in
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419:, who had also been imprisoned for his role in the Rebellion. Viger had a long career in the
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Around 1870 he moved to
Montreal, where he lived in semi-retirement. He wrote his memoirs,
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Barthe stood for election in 1851, again in
Yamaska, this time as a supporter of the
592:
stating he was the victim of political partisanship, but did not earn much sympathy.
476:
1263:"La trajectoire de Joseph-Guillaume Barthe (1816-1893) : un romantisme déphasé"
558:
the year before, but they now reached an impasse with the new Governor General, Sir
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1062:(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 3â4.
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497:. The Governor General initially retained a strong position in the government.
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until 1862, his last major editorial role. From 1866 onwards, he worked at the
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Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
485:, abolished the two provinces and their separate parliaments. It created the
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Souvenirs d'un demi-siĂšcle ou MĂ©moires pour servir Ă l'histoire contemporaine
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In 1839, Barthe was offered the position of editor of the Montreal newspaper
1106:
Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860
489:, with a single Parliament for the entire province, composed of an elected
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The Union of the Canadas â The Growth of Canadian Institutions, 1841â1857
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310:, a lawyer at Trois-RiviĂšres. Completing his legal education, Barthe was
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eventually gained some notoriety, as the close friend of Prime Minister
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759:(Montreal: J. Chapleau & fils, 1885), 482 pp; preface by the author
730:, who was said to bear a striking resemblance to Laurier in his youth.
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Joseph-Guillaume Barthe, "Essai sur lâabolition de la peine de mort",
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258:'s policy of building a reform alliance within the framework of the
1276:
381:
132:
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Le Canada reconquis par la France â suivi de piĂšces justificatives
527:
Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, who became Barthe's political opponent
404:
for the first three months of 1839, cementing his reputation as a
464:
1248:, vol. XV (1921-1930), University of Toronto / Université Laval.
1006:
Dictionnaire des auteurs de langue française en Amérique du Nord
917:
vol. XII (1891-1900), University of Toronto / Université Laval.]
687:, the latter founded by his brother. Late in 1856, he moved to
450:
408:. On his release, he published an article about his experience.
239:
372:, under the pseudonym "Marie-Louise". In 1837, he spoke at a
963:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
691:
where, at the request of Ătienne Parent, he was co-editor of
519:
John Neilson, who introduced the motion condemning the union
359:
Denis-Benjamin Viger, who offered Barthe the editorship of
400:
on December 26, 1838. As a result, he was put in jail at
355:
1034:(Montreal: Ăditions du BorĂ©al, 2012), pp. 132, 134, 261.
455:
Following the rebellion in Lower Canada, and the similar
1261:
Marie-Frédérique Desbiens et Jonathan Livernois, (2018)
747:(Paris: Imprimerie de Guiraudet et Jouaust, 1853), 16 pp
1164:"Responsible Government in the British Colonial System"
661:
Barthe's brother, George-Isidor, who hired him to edit
343:
also became a lawyer and journalist, and served in the
1017:
Joseph-Guillaume Barthe, "Un séjour dans une prison",
1047:(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967), pp. 1â5.
672:Ătienne Parent, who hired Barthe as co-editor of
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1059:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841â67
582:
1137:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada 1841â67
1109:(Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), p. 45.
1000:RĂ©ginald Hamel, John Hare and Paul Wyczynski,
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502:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
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244:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
46:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
16:Lower Canada journalist, writer and politician
783:"Essai sur lâabolition de la peine de mort",
451:Member of the Legislative Assembly, 1841â1844
336:cause in the political struggles of the day.
1313:Members of the Institut canadien de Montréal
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1128:
776:"L'intempérance sous le rapport politique",
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1221:
1008:(Quebec: Ăditions Fides, 1989), pp. 67â68.
606:. He was defeated, coming in third place.
1202:, February 2 and 5, April 13 and 20, 1850.
1170:, 1907, vol. 1:3, 355â392, at pp. 379â380.
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858:Three stories and around eighty poems, in
791:, February 2 and 5, April 13 and 20, 1850.
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614:Barthe had become very active in the new
546:In the 1843, there was a major dispute.
508:riding, defeating a pro-union candidate,
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959:"Biography of Joseph-Guillaume Barthe"
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1168:American Political Science Review
636:Le Canada reconquis par la France
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1273:Works by Joseph-Guillaume Barthe
1246:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
915:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
427:, and was a strong supporter of
213:Journalist, lawyer, poet, author
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392:Aux exilés politiques canadiens
363:and became his political mentor
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1182:Alignment of Political Groups
1094:, pp. 5, 7, 8, 16, 17, 93â97.
1091:Alignment of Political Groups
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769:"Un séjour dans une prison",
646:Institut canadien de Montréal
626:Institut canadien de Montréal
617:Institut canadien de Montréal
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583:Clerk of the Court of Appeals
242:). He served one term in the
1323:People from Carleton-sur-Mer
278:, on the south shore of the
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1279:(public domain audiobooks)
967:National Assembly of Quebec
796:Newspapers (editor, writer)
763:
446:Province of Canada politics
10:
1339:
1002:"Barthe, Joseph-Guillaume"
911:"Barthe, Joseph-Guillaume"
710:Souvenirs d'un demi-siĂšcle
548:Louis Hippolyte LaFontaine
256:Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine
1308:CollĂšge de Nicolet alumni
554:had been admitted to the
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330:Philippe-Napoléon Pacaud
324:. The Pacaud brothers,
179:Philippe-Napoléon Pacaud
1021:, March 17, 1840, p. 1.
773:, March 17, 1840, p. 1.
224:Joseph-Guillaume Barthe
25:Joseph-Guillaume Barthe
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386:Lower Canada Rebellion
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341:Georges-Isidore Barthe
304:Dr. René-Joseph Kimber
167:Georges-Isidore Barthe
155:Louise-Adélaïde Pacaud
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533:French-Canadian Group
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429:Louis-Joseph Papineau
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351:Journalism and poetry
266:Early life and family
248:Louis-Joseph Papineau
146:French-Canadian Group
1198:, January 18, 1850;
1196:Le Moniteur canadien
1153:, pp. 42, 48, 83â84.
1140:, pp. 12â14, 17, 97.
1019:LâAurore des Canadas
864:L'Aurore des Canadas
822:La Gazette de France
812:LâAurore des Canadas
787:, January 18, 1850;
785:Le Moniteur canadien
778:LâAurore des Canadas
771:LâAurore des Canadas
572:L'Aurora des Canadas
491:Legislative Assembly
436:L'Aurore des Canadas
417:Denis-Benjamin Viger
413:LâAurore des Canadas
396:, which appeared in
361:L'Aurore des Canadas
326:Ădouard-Louis Pacaud
296:SĂ©minaire de Nicolet
252:Denis-Benjamin Viger
246:, as a supporter of
204:SĂ©minaire de Nicolet
173:Ădouard-Louis Pacaud
847:Le Journal de LĂ©vis
842:Le Drapeau de LĂ©vis
495:Legislative Council
314:on March 17, 1840.
1269:, 19(1-2), 95â116.
853:Fiction and poetry
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631:Institut de France
566:, to the Council.
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487:Province of Canada
483:British Parliament
382:St. Maurice region
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260:Province of Canada
236:Province of Canada
1162:Stephen Leacock,
1043:J.M.S. Careless,
909:Jean-Guy Nadeau,
715:He died in 1893.
651:Gazette de France
596:Candidate in 1851
556:Executive Council
493:and an appointed
457:rebellion in 1837
312:called to the bar
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398:Le Fantasque
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376:assembly in
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370:Le Populaire
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276:Lower Canada
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128:(1893-08-04)
117:Lower Canada
80:Succeeded by
73:New position
72:
57:
18:
1303:1893 deaths
1298:1818 births
1103:J.O. CÎté,
837:Le Canadien
780:, July 1840
694:Le Canadien
689:Quebec City
674:Le Canadien
641:Parti rouge
603:Parti rouge
469:Lord Durham
232:Canada East
68:Preceded by
1292:Categories
1179:Cornell,
1149:Careless,
1118:Careless,
1088:Cornell,
870:References
610:Later life
378:Yamachiche
210:Occupation
106:1816-03-16
1134:Cornell,
380:, in the
200:Education
169:(brother)
160:Relations
62:1841â1844
58:In office
1277:LibriVox
1227:BĂ©dard,
1211:BĂ©dard,
1200:LâAvenir
1185:, p. 32.
817:L'Avenir
789:LâAvenir
764:Articles
628:and the
590:L'Avenir
504:for the
406:Patriote
374:Patriote
334:Patriote
272:Carleton
189:Children
135:, Quebec
133:Montreal
113:Carleton
506:Yamaska
475:. The
471:in the
465:Ontario
50:Yamaska
384:. The
240:Quebec
152:Spouse
1004:, in
739:Books
734:Works
463:(now
238:(now
1267:Mens
683:and
550:and
328:and
250:and
230:and
123:Died
100:Born
48:for
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862:et
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