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1460:, who had led the Upper Canada Rebellion. Political commentators at the time, and historians since, have found it difficult to understand Viger's decision to take office under Governor General Metcalfe, along with Draper, a Tory who had opposed the rebellions and strongly supported the ties with the United Kingdom. One theory is that Viger believed that ultimately the united Province of Canada would fall apart, leaving the path open for Lower Canada to become fully independent. He opposed LaFontaine's efforts to build a fully functioning alliance with Baldwin and the Reformers, because in his view that would delay the ultimate break-up. He was prepared to work with Metcalfe and Draper in the meantime. At around this time he proposed the concept of the "double majority": that the Executive Council should be composed of members who represented a majority in each section, and that bills in the Assembly would need majority support from both section to pass.
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1424:, remained in office. There was a major debate in the Legislative Assembly, which passed a motion supporting the former members of the Executive Council and criticising Metcalfe for his actions. The motion passed with a strong majority (46â23), composed of Reformers and the French-Canadian Group, but with two major exceptions: Viger and Neilson both voted in support of the Governor General. While both wanted the Assembly to have greater control, neither were convinced that the new concept of responsible government, advanced by LaFontaine and Baldwin, was workable. Neilson considered it a trick "to humbug the people".
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party challenged the
Assembly's lack of control over public finances. Stuart brought impeachment hearings against some of the judges who also held positions in the Legislative Council and the Executive Council. When Papineau became Speaker in 1815, he continued the financial tactics, along with a trend towards developing nationalist arguments for French-Canadian control. He also worked on outreach to English-speaking politicians who shared concerns over popular control over public finances, such as
1334:, Viger was worried that the union proposal was designed to assimilate French-Canadians and undercut their culture. He was specifically critical of the provision that barred the use of French in the new Parliament. He also critiqued the provision that would make the new Province of Canada liable for all debts of Upper Canada and Lower Canada: Upper Canada's public debt was larger than Lower Canada's debt, but the payment of the combined debt would fall jointly on all residents of the new Province.
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906:. His writings at this time indicated an early interest in political issues, taken from an intellectual point of view. Throughout his life he wrote books and articles on political issues, particularly relating to the constitutional position of Lower Canada. He was a good writer, logical, thoughtful, and showing a depth of knowledge. He was also an enthusiastic book-buyer, focussing on law and politics, but he was not very interested in fiction.
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1594:: He was one of the last surviving leaders of the glorious phalanx of patriots who filled more than a half-century of our history with the sounds of their words and deeds. His life, like those of the BĂ©dards, the Panets, the Papineaus, was tied to the heroic battles where the existence of the Canadien nationality was several times in play and each time was saved by these noble supporters of liberty.
1050:, armed with petitions with more than 80,000 signatures. Reform movements were growing in Britain, and the Lower Canada delegation had a favourable reception, both with the Colonial Secretary and before a parliamentary committee set up to consider governance of Lower Canada. The British parliamentary committee issued a report which accepted most of the positions of the delegation.
1230:"... the sun shone for everyone and would shine again for them and perhaps he would see the day when they would be victorious and masters of the country; ... that they must call on the supreme being to support their cause; ... that he would not be responsible for having the streets reddened with the blood of those who were not of their political persuasion were only outcasts."
1066:, but did not take his seat until 1831. He did not play a major role in the Council, because that same year the members of the Legislative Assembly appointed him as the Assembly's representative in Britain, over the objections of the Legislative Council. He stayed there from 1831 to 1834, but did not have as successful a time as in the previous delegation.
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In
October, 1844, nearly a year since the last sitting of Parliament, Metcalfe called a general election. The DraperâViger ministry, already with little support in Canada East, lost even that support. Viger was defeated in his riding of Richelieu by Wolfred Nelson, the former leader in the Rebellion,
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Viger entered the legal profession in 1799. Although skilled in the law and idealistic, he lacked charisma or personal presence. As time went on, he became very comfortable financially, but it is not clear how much of that came from his legal practice, and how much from land investments. He bought
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The
Montreal West Island Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre operates the Centre d'hĂ©bergement Denis-Benjamin-Viger, providing psychosocial, nursing, pharmaceutical, medical and rehabilitation services. It is located on Cherrier Street, L'Ăle-Bizard, Montreal, the same street as
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Viger and Draper appear to have envisaged building a moderate conservative ministry, but they found it difficult to attract support. LaFontaine had developed a firm grip on the leadership of the French-Canadian Group, and few considered joining the DraperâViger ministry. Viger's only success was to
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in Lower Canada, and the
Catholic church. When his cousin, Jean-Jacques Lartigue, became the first Bishop of Montreal, Viger supported Lartigue in a dispute with the Sulpician order. Viger later acted as a go-between for his two cousins, Lartigue and Papineau, when tensions rose between the church
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C'Ă©tait l'un des derniers chefs survivants de cette glorieuse phalange de patriotes qui ont rempli du bruit de leurs paroles et de leurs actes plus d'un demi-siĂšcle de notre histoire. Sa vie, comme celle des BĂ©dard, des Panet, des
Papineau, se trouve liĂ©e Ă ces luttes hĂ©roĂŻques oĂč l'existence de la
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was leading the
British government to fear that Papineau and his supporters were seeking republicanism and ultimately independence. It was also driving Neilson and other English-speaking Lower Canadians away from the party, as well as more moderate French-Canadians who had previously supported the
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into a single province. Papineau and Viger organised opposition to the proposal, with local committees meeting to pass petitions against union. Viger was so heavily involved that opposition to union became known as "Vigerism". Papineau and
Neilson were then chosen to be envoys to London, to make
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was focussed on obtaining greater control of the government for the elected
Legislative Assembly, and weakening the authority of the appointed Legislative Council and ultimately, the governors, appointed by the British government. They tried different tactics at different times. Under BĂ©dard, the
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The Viger family was part of a rising middle class. Denis-Benjamin's grandfather, Jacques Viger, had been a shoemaker. Denis-Benjaminâs father, Denis Viger, began as a carpenter, branched out into small construction projects, and then developed a business selling potash to
English markets. Denis
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Following the resignation of the LaFontaineâBaldwin ministry, Governor
General Metcalfe was left with only one member in the Executive Council, the Provincial Secretary, Dominick Daly. Metcalfe tried to put together a broad-based ministry to exclude LaFontaine and Baldwin and reject the idea of
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had continued to press for greater control of the public finances by the Legislative Assembly. They adopted the same tactic of popular meetings and petitions in support of greater financial control. This time, the delegation to London to press their demands was composed of Neilson, Viger, and
850:. By their marriage, Viger entered the established, aristocratic class. When her father died in 1815, Marie-Amable became an heir to his estate, but the estate was tied up in litigation for twenty-five years. It was not until 1842 that Marie-Amable finally obtained her father's seigneurie on
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Viger was a strong admirer of the British constitution, which he considered was an excellent balancing of the royal, aristocratic, and popular elements of the country. Socially conservative, he was distrustful of the various constitutional developments in French, and did not consider American
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The DraperâViger ministry stayed in power for another year, but with narrow majorities. It was sustained by the support of the Governor General, and by Draper's majority from Canada West in the Assembly. Finally, on June 17, 1846, Viger resigned his position in the Executive Council. He was
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responsible government. Although he canvassed several leading politicians opposed to Baldwin and LaFontaine, they could not agree on forming a ministry together. In December, Metcalfe persuaded Viger to accept office as joint premier, along with a moderate conservative Tory from Canada West,
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Throughout the term of the first Parliament, there were running disputes over the balance of powers between the elected Legislative Assembly and the appointed Governor General. During the first session of the Parliament, the members of the French-Canadian Group, led by Viger and Neilson, were
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as the promoter of seditious newspapers. In December 1838, the superintendent of police offered him bail, but he refused, insisting instead that he be put on trial. For the first two months of his detention, he was kept in close confinement, denied pen, paper and newspapers, and not allowed
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1341:, defeating a unionist candidate. He realigned with Neilson, who had broken with Papineau in the increasing radicalism leading to the Rebellion, but who shared Viger's opposition to the union. Neilson was also elected to the Assembly. The two became the leaders of the
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and André Lefort, assume that Viger had close links with the directors of the Banque; he was featured on the ten-dollar notes issued by the Banque. The Banque eventually felt it necessary to issue a public denial that they had been providing money for the rebellion.
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Whatever his connections to the Rebellion in 1837, Viger initially did not come under serious scrutiny from the British authorities. His house was searched once, in November 1837, but thereafter he was left alone for a year, even after the government declared
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In articles written for the newspapers, Viger opposed the abolition of seigneurial tenure, a major land reform brought in by Lafontaine. Viger critiqued it as pillaging the property rights of the seigneurial class. He also wrote articles opposing the
1523:, put forward by the new LaFontaineâBaldwin ministry. Although the purpose of the bill was to compensate individuals in Canada East who had suffered property damage during the Rebellion, he argued that it was too costly for the provincial government.
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Viger's younger cousin, Louis-Joseph Papineau, was also elected for the first time in 1808. Papineau was much more dynamic and charismatic than Viger, who was considered retiring and not eloquent. The two worked together, allying themselves with the
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It is also clear that when the colonial government moved to arrest leaders of the Rebellion in November 1837, Viger was in a position to alert Papineau that a warrant for his arrest was likely. Viger also gave encouraging words to Papineau:
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Viger came from a well-connected middle class family. Trained as a lawyer, he invested in land and gradually became one of Montrealâs largest landowners. He held public office for most of his adult life, often working alongside his cousin,
1086:, whom the Assembly sent over in 1834 to press their concerns. Viger returned to Lower Canada towards the end of 1834. In 1835, he succeeded his cousin Jacques Viger as the second president of the Saint Jean Baptiste Society of Montréal.
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Upon his release from prison in 1840, Viger threw himself into opposition to the proposed union, which he had opposed when it had first been suggested nearly twenty years earlier. Now in his mid-60s, a political veteran and nicknamed
1547:, son of Louis-Joseph Papineau, said that Viger had the finest art collection and library in Montreal. His wine cellar was said to be one of the best in Montreal. He maintained a social life, entertaining friends and families.
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In his later years, Viger lived quietly in Montreal, surrounded by his well-stocked library. He remained fond of entertaining, and his wine-cellar was said to be one of the best in Montreal. He died in 1861, at the age of 86.
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Matters came to a head in November of 1843, when the LaFontaineâBaldwin ministry resigned because of Metcalfe's refusal to consult the Executive Council on various appointments. Only one member of the Executive Council,
913:, who was also a future joint premier. During his time with Viger, Morin taught Latin and mathematics in order to earn additional money. Viger did not have a reputation of generosity towards his law clerks.
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Viger died in Montreal in 1861. He left most of his fortune to his younger cousin, CĂŽme-SĂ©raphin Cherrier, whom Viger's parents had taken in when Cherrier's mother had died. Viger left his library to the
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Viger rarely appeared in the Council. In 1858, fifty years after he was first elected to the Assembly of Lower Canada, he lost his seat in the Council for failure to attend two sessions of the Parliament.
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land and houses himself, and in 1823 inherited substantial land holdings from his parents, becoming one of the most important landowners in Montreal. At one point he donated a plot of land to his cousin,
1397:, Viger offered to resign his seat to allow Baldwin an opportunity to re-enter the Assembly. Ultimately, a backbench member in another seat in Canada East resigned and Baldwin was elected to represent
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Viger was heavily criticised by his former party companions for taking office under a Governor General who was hostile to responsible government and French-Canadians. He was accused by some former
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from the French-Canadian Group, and Robert Baldwin from Canada West, to lead the Executive Council. They had substantial support in the Legislative Assembly. However, when Governor General Sir
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1147:, in which Viger argued against rapid developments, and to wait for the winter freeze-up. He did not appear at the Assembly of the Six Counties, where one of the leaders of the movement,
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Viger remained a member of the Legislative Council until the suspension of the constitution of Lower Canada in 1838, a result of the Lower Canada Rebellion. He was highly critical of the
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Viger was one of the leaders of the party, and was involved in developing its tactics and ideology. In the Assembly and its committees, he defended the seigneurial system, the use of the
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from Montreal West, and was re-elected in 1809. He was elected in Leinster county in 1810 and 1814, and then regularly elected in Kent county from 1816 until 1827, until appointed to the
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republicanism as an option, unlike his cousin Papineau. He believed that French-Canadian culture and existence was threatened by immigration from the United States and from Britain.
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1519:, to strengthen the Draper ministry in the Council. However, Viger's interest in politics was waning. His last speech in the Council was in 1849, when he opposed the controversial
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succeeded Bagot in 1843, he asserted that while he would consult with the Executive Council, he could act independently, particularly in the appointments to government positions.
1445:. For the next nine months, the Executive Council only had the three members. In light of the Assembly's strong political opposition to his policies, Governor General Metcalfe
819:, he was a captain. Like many other French-Canadians he fought alongside English-Canadians against the Americans. He retired from the militia in 1824 with the rank of major.
883:, for a new building. There was some malicious gossip that the donated land was close to many of his other landholdings, which would likely increase their value as a result.
1143:. There is some evidence which suggests that Papineau, Viger and CĂŽme-SĂ©raphin Cherrier had discussions around the time of the most significant of the public meetings, the
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in the Montreal district on December 5, 1837. However, when the Rebellion broke out a second time the next year, Viger was arrested on November 4, 1838, denounced by the
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Observations de l'hon. D.B. Viger, contre la proposition faite dans le Conseil législatif de rejeter le bill de l'Assemblée, pour la nomination d'un agent de la province
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in 1841. From 1843 to 1846, he served as a joint-premier of the province, which triggered criticism from his former party colleagues. He was later appointed to the
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after the death of the incumbent member. Neilson, who was not a member of the ministry but supported it, was also defeated, as were other supporters, such as
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commented shortly after Viger's death that his life could be summed up by "a desire to secure the blessings of free government for his fellow countrymen."
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of twenty members from Lower Canada, opposed to the union. In the first session of the new Parliament, the French-Canadian Group voted against the union.
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In the first general elections in 1841, Viger stood for election to the new Legislative Assembly. He campaigned against the union and won the riding of
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Even before he completed his legal studies, Viger began writing articles on political issues for the newspapers, with the first appearing in 1792 in the
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Donald G. Creighton, "The Struggle for Financial Control in Lower Canada, 1818-1831", Canadian Historical Review, vol. 12, no. 2 (June 1931): 120â144.
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In 1804, at age 30, Viger entered electoral politics, unsuccessfully contesting a seat in Montreal. Four years later, in 1808, he was elected to the
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There is a long-term care and housing centre for retired individuals, the CHSLD Denis-Benjamin-Viger, also on Cherrier Street, Ăle-Bizard, Montreal.
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of the Legislative Assembly. In addition to learning the law, he learnt about the allure of politics, coupled with a commitment to public service.
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Viger also assured Papineau that they could expect help from the Americans to overthrow the British, and possibly also from the Indian population.
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Considérations sur les effets qu'ont produit en Canada, la conservation des établissemens du pays, les moeurs, l'éducation, etc., de ses habitans
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with Papineau, and so he is assumed to have participated in planning for the public meetings which were held to increase popular support for the
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2153:"Mesures d'exception et rÚgle de droit : Les conditions d'application de la loi martiale au Québec lors des rebellions de 1837-1838"
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Viger's home is listed on the federal listing of Canada's Historic Places, and also on the Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec.
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1190:. For example, in the summer of 1837, his cousin, Bishop Lartigue of Montreal, issued an episcopal letter, condemning the drift of the
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It is not clear exactly what role Viger played in the Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837 and 1838. He was still heavily involved in the
858:. Throughout her life, Marie-Amable was involved in charitable activities, focussing on the underprivileged. She was a founder of the
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In 1822, an issue arose which united most Lower Canada political groups. The British government proposed to unite Lower Canada with
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1198:, strongly critical of the bishop, and equating the bishop's letter to a second edition of the Governor General's critique of the
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and took the position that as governor of a colony, he was the head of the government, simply assisted by the elected officials.
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now returned from exile and supporting LaFontaine. As was permitted at that time, Viger stood for election in a second riding,
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In 1848, Viger was appointed to the Legislative Council. Draper recommended the appointment to the new Governor General, the
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for the purchase of arms. It is not clear what connection Denis-Benjamin Viger had with the Banque, although two historians,
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1808 â 1829 (three different electoral districts, nine elections; for details, see succession box at end of article)
775:, aged three when his mother died, and raised him in their family. CĂŽme-SĂ©raphin was later elected to the Assembly as well.
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786:. He had no difficulty in completing his studies. Upon graduation, he trained in the law from 1794 to 1799, first under
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Montreal West Island Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre: Centre d'hébergement Denis-Benjamin-Viger.
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nationalité canadienne fut tant de fois mise en jeu et fut autant de fois sauvée par ces nobles soutiens de la liberté.
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temporarily ceased publication in November 1837, two other newspapers sprang up to take its place as supporters of the
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1255:-like instrument, which was one of his few hobbies. He was not released until May 1840, without ever standing trial.
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the opposition to union known to the British government. They were successful, and the union proposal was shelved.
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Observations sur la réponse de Mathieu, lord Aylmer, à la députation du Tattersall, sur les affaires du Canada
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629:; August 19, 1774 – February 13, 1861) was a 19th-century politician, lawyer, and newspaper publisher in
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1500:. Viger's cousin Denis-Benjamin Papineau was the only member of the ministry re-elected in Canada East.
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1296:), the British government decided to merge the two provinces into a single province, as recommended by
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Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, joint premier who resigned on the issue of responsible government
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Viger's wife died in 1854. Thereafter, he mainly kept to himself in his house in Montreal.
989:. Eventually, Papineau became the undoubted leader of the party, as it developed into the
2347:, 3rd Sess., 1st Provincial Parliament of Canada, vol. 3, 1843, p. 187 (December 7, 1843).
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criticism, this time accusing the Papineau family of betraying the French-Canadian cause.
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When Viger was an established lawyer, he took in law students. One of his students was
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Through his mother, Denis-Benjamin was related to the Cherrier and Papineau families:
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838:. They had one child who died in infancy in 1814. Marie-Amable was the daughter of
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succeeded as joint premier from Canada East by his cousin, Denis-Benjamin Papineau.
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Six years later, in 1828, there was another delegation to London. Papineau and the
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Member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Montreal West (two members)
2187:(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 3â4.
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1468:(younger brother of Louis-Joseph Papineau, still in exile) to accept a position as
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Parliament indefinitely. The first Parliament was never called back into session.
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Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
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Member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Leinster (two members)
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Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860
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Analyse d'un entretien sur la conservation des Ă©tablissements du Bas-Canada
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Sydenham died suddenly in 1841 and was replaced as governor general by Sir
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Member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Kent (two members)
1488:. Viger remained without a seat in the Assembly until 1845, when he won a
1222:) was the editor of both papers, Viger was suspected to own both of them.
955:, Governor General of British North America, 1820â1828, the target of the
656:, a fiery nationalist. From 1808 to 1829, he was a member of the elected
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Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec: Manoir Denis-Benjamin-Viger.
2116:"Deposition of the Directors of the Banque du Peuple", published in the
1964:
The Union of the Canadas â The Growth of Canadian Institutions, 1841â1857
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Governor General Sir Charles Metcalfe, who opposed responsible government
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The next year, 1829, Viger was appointed to the Legislative Council, the
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1117:, around the time of Viger's critique of Bishop Lartigue in August 1837
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Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, meeting in the Bishop's Chapel,
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993:. Viger helped to develop the intellectual framework for the party.
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Viger represented the electoral constituency of Montreal East in the
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CHSLD Denis-Benjamin-Viger, RĂ©sidence pour retraitĂ©s Ă LâĂle-Bizard.
2106:"Canada, Banque du Peuple (People's Bank), 10 dollars : 1836".
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Viger did not stand for election in the general elections of 1847.
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700:
312:
2535:, vol. VIII (1851â1860), University of Toronto / UniversitĂ© Laval.
2384:
George Metcalf, "William Henry Draper", in J.M.S. Careless (ed.),
1983:, vol. VIII (1851â1860), University of Toronto / UniversitĂ© Laval.
1941:, vol. VIII (1851â1860), University of Toronto / UniversitĂ© Laval.
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2000:, vol. VII (1836â1850), University of Toronto / UniversitĂ© Laval.
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List of presidents of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal
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771:. In 1801, Denis-Benjamin's parents took in one of his cousins,
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Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for
2047:, vol. IX (1861â1870), University of Toronto / UniversitĂ© Laval.
1777:, vol. IX (1861â1870), University of Toronto / UniversitĂ© Laval.
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Considérations relatives à la derniÚre révolution de la Belgique
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Viger's cousin, Louis-Joseph Papineau, who became leader of the
1093:, appointed by the Governor General to replace the Parliament.
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Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
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MĂ©moires relatifs Ă l'emprisonnement de l'honorable D.B. Viger
1914:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
1892:
Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
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Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
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Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
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towards radicalism. Viger in turn published an editorial in
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Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
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who had a well-established business in connection with the
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Members of the Executive Council of the Province of Canada
1427:
660:, then from 1829 to 1838 he was a member of the appointed
32:
2888:
Presidents of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal
2388:(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980), pp. 49â50.
1436:
William Draper, joint premier from Canada West with Viger
1284:
Following the rebellion in Lower Canada, and the similar
648:
and the position of the Catholic church in Lower Canada.
2617:
Canada's Historic Places: Manoir Denis-Benjamin-Viger.
2331:"Responsible Government in the British Colonial System"
2273:"Responsible Government in the British Colonial System"
1247:
exercise. He was also denied the solace of playing his
981:. They followed the older leaders of the party, first
2140:
Lower Canada 1791â1840: Social Change and Nationalism
2120:, November 25, 1837; quoted by Robert S. Greenfield,
2104:
Bank of Canada Museum (National Currency Collection):
2093:
Lower Canada 1791â1840: Social Change and Nationalism
2080:
Lower Canada 1791â1840: Social Change and Nationalism
2058:
Lower Canada 1791â1840: Social Change and Nationalism
1510:
1218:(1838). Although François Lemaitre (later one of the
2123:
La Banque du peuple, 1835-1871, and its failure, 1895
2060:(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1980), pp. 102â103.
1128:'s drawing of an armed Patriote in the 1837 Rebellion
790:, the solicitor-general for the province, then under
2605:
Denis-Benjamin Viger. Un patriote face au Canada-Uni
2030:, vol. 15 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912).
1053:
2858:
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
1658:La Crise ministérielle et Mr. Denis Benjamin Viger
2868:Members of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada
2126:(MA Thesis, McGill University, 1968), pp. 106â107.
1953:, Grand répertoire du patrimoine bùti de Montréal.
1929:
1927:
1170:was a major investor, was funnelling money to the
731:, were also members of the Assembly. Jacques' son
2432:(Montreal: Ăditions BorĂ©al, 2009), pp. 100, 105.
1456:colleagues of treason. He was also criticised by
2804:
2184:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841â67
922:Member of the Legislative Assembly, 1808 to 1829
2560:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada 1841â67
2502:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada 1841â67
2372:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada 1841â67
2317:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada 1841â67
2256:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada 1841â67
2241:Alignment of Political Groups in Canada 1841â67
2229:(Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), p. 44.
1966:(Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967), p. 25.
1924:
1373:Robert Baldwin, joint premier who also resigned
1349:Responsible government and the Governor General
723:from 1796 to 1800. Denis Viger's two brothers,
2456:
2454:
1258:
1105:Assembly of the Six Counties, October 23, 1837
681:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
172:Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
16:Lower Canada lawyer, journalist and politician
2134:
2132:
1157:, but he allowed them to train on his lands.
959:in the debate over control of public finances
815:as a lieutenant in 1803. By the time of the
746:, became one of the founding partners of the
738:(cousin to Denis-Benjamin), became the first
685:Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
262:Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
679:in 1838, he was subsequently elected to the
2451:
1408:, who was more conciliatory. He appointed
274:February 17, 1848 â March 17, 1858
2440:
2438:
2350:
2279:, 1907, vol. 1:3, 355â392, at pp. 366â380.
2267:
2265:
2129:
1182:It is clear that Viger and his newspaper,
64:December 12, 1843 â June 17, 1846
31:
2823:Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
2584:
2582:
2396:
2394:
1378:consistent opponents of Governor General
870:Legal career, journalism and landholdings
707:and PĂ©rine-Charles Cherrier, daughter of
332:Montreal, Canada East, Province of Canada
1671:1st Parliament of the Province of Canada
1431:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1280:John Neilson, Viger's ally in Parliament
1275:
1267:
1120:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1028:
947:
936:
925:
916:
821:
778:In 1782, Viger's father sent him to the
694:
2838:Lawyers in Lower Canada and Canada East
2435:
2262:
1538:
1428:Joint premier of the Province of Canada
51:Joint Premier of the Province of Canada
2805:
2607:(Montréal: vlb éditeur, 2017), p. 152.
2579:
2460:J.M.S. Careless, "Robert Baldwin", in
2391:
1860:
1858:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1472:. The appointment triggered even more
1263:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1210:and the possibility of independence:
1069:The increasing radicalisation of the
860:Institution pour les Filles Repenties
637:for over two years. A leader in the
633:, who served as joint premier of the
624:
2591:Political Appointments and Elections
2514:Metcalf, "William Henry Draper", in
2403:Political Appointments and Elections
2201:, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35 (UK), s. 3.
1382:, who was hostile to the concept of
1160:There were also suspicions that the
1009:, who worked closely with Papineau.
965:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
721:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
658:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
134:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
2572:Metcalf, "William Henry Draper" in
2444:Metcalf, "William Henry Draper" in
1855:
1841:"Biography of Denis-Benjamin Viger"
969:Legislative Council of Lower Canada
153:Legislative Council of Lower Canada
13:
2883:Premiers of the Province of Canada
1780:
1769:Fernand Ouellet and André Lefort,
1688:
1484:. He was also defeated there, by
1272:Denis-Benjamin Viger in later life
830:rue Cherrier, Ăle Bizard, Montreal
430:Benjamin-Hyacinthe-Martin Cherrier
14:
2904:
2277:American Political Science Review
1609:the Manoir Denis-Benjamin-Viger.
1511:Member of the Legislative Council
1054:Member of the Legislative Council
864:Orphelinat Catholique de Montréal
826:Maison DĂ©nis-Benjamin Viger, 376,
2848:Papineau-Viger-Cherrier families
2828:Canadian prisoners and detainees
2533:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2045:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1998:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1981:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1977:"Foretier, Marie-Amable (Viger)"
1939:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1775:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1186:, were strong supporters of the
530:
2878:Pre-Confederation Quebec people
2643:
2632:
2621:
2610:
2597:
2566:
2551:
2538:
2521:
2508:
2493:
2480:
2467:
2422:
2409:
2378:
2363:
2336:
2323:
2308:
2295:
2282:
2247:
2232:
2217:
2204:
2190:
2175:
2162:
2145:
2110:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2063:
2050:
2033:
2016:
2003:
1986:
1091:Special Council of Lower Canada
794:, brother of the leader of the
2749:Jacques Trullier, dit Lacombe
2574:The Pre-Confederation Premiers
2516:The Pre-Confederation Premiers
2462:The Pre-Confederation Premiers
2446:The Pre-Confederation Premiers
2386:The Pre-Confederation Premiers
1969:
1956:
1944:
1902:
1880:
1564:Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
1562:in Montreal. He is buried in
1558:His funeral was celebrated at
1154:Société des Fils de la Liberté
1:
2843:Lower Canada Rebellion people
2737:Jacques Trullier, dit Lacombe
1951:"Maison DĂ©nis-Benjamin Viger"
1681:
1529:Montreal Annexation Manifesto
687:, serving from 1848 to 1858.
285:None; constitution suspended
2833:CollÚge Saint-Raphaël alumni
1888:"Biography of Jacques Viger"
1553:SĂ©minaire de Saint-Hyacinthe
1145:Assembly of the Six Counties
7:
2704:Ătienne Nivard Saint-Dizier
1918:National Assembly of Quebec
1910:"Biography of Joseph Viger"
1896:National Assembly of Quebec
1874:National Assembly of Quebec
1849:National Assembly of Quebec
1664:
1470:Commissioner of Crown Lands
1259:Province of Canada politics
862:, and was president of the
757:, the future leader of the
10:
2909:
2775:1816â1829 (five elections)
2682:1808â1810 (two elections)
2529:"Papineau, Denis-Benjamin"
1866:"Biography of Denis Viger"
1410:Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine
1064:Parliament of Lower Canada
670:Parliament of Lower Canada
626:[dÉnibÉÌÊamÉÌviÊe]
2792:Frédéric-Auguste Quesnel
2789:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2727:1810â1816 (two elections)
2722:
2710:
2696:
2677:
2665:
2660:
2041:"Morin, Augustin-Norbert"
2028:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1569:
763:, was his cousin, as was
611:
601:
581:
573:
563:
553:
548:
538:
526:
518:
510:
500:
380:
369:
336:
322:
299:
294:
290:
278:
267:
259:
247:
235:
224:
216:
204:
192:
181:
169:
158:
150:
139:
131:
119:
106:
84:
74:
57:
49:
45:
30:
23:
2785:Frédéric-Auguste Quesnel
2546:The Union of the Canadas
2475:The Union of the Canadas
2419:, pp. 42, 48, 83â89, 99.
2417:The Union of the Canadas
2358:The Union of the Canadas
2303:The Union of the Canadas
2290:The Union of the Canadas
2212:The Union of the Canadas
2170:The Union of the Canadas
2011:The Union of the Canadas
1615:
1080:Frédéric-Auguste Quesnel
709:François-Pierre Cherrier
419:François-Pierre Cherrier
37:Denis-Benjamin Viger by
2700:Archibald Norman McLeod
1466:Denis-Benjamin Papineau
1395:ministerial by-election
983:Pierre-Stanislas BĂ©dard
834:In 1808, Viger married
479:Denis-Benjamin Papineau
421:(maternal grandfather)
126:Denis-Benjamin Papineau
2714:Jean-Thomas Taschereau
2024:"Denis-Benjamin Viger"
1771:"Denis-Benjamin Viger"
1596:
1588:
1458:William Lyon Mackenzie
1437:
1389:Viger cooperated with
1384:responsible government
1374:
1366:
1358:
1281:
1273:
1232:
1166:, in which his cousin
1129:
1118:
1106:
1084:Augustin-Norbert Morin
1023:Lower Canada Rebellion
1021:in the lead-up to the
1014:customary law of Paris
960:
945:
934:
911:Augustin-Norbert Morin
831:
773:CĂŽme-SĂ©raphin Cherrier
677:Lower Canada Rebellion
675:Imprisoned during the
452:CĂŽme-SĂ©raphin Cherrier
317:Old Province of Quebec
2563:, pp. 16, 17, 66, 68.
1935:"Viger, Louis-Michel"
1589:
1583:
1521:Rebellion Losses Bill
1435:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1343:French-Canadian Group
1279:
1271:
1228:
1124:
1112:
1104:
1097:Role in the Rebellion
1029:Delegations to London
951:
940:
929:
917:Lower Canada politics
877:Jean-Jacques Lartigue
836:Marie-Amable Foretier
825:
788:Louis-Charles Foucher
780:CollÚge Saint-Raphaël
765:Jean-Jacques Lartigue
755:Louis-Joseph Papineau
695:Early life and family
654:Louis-Joseph Papineau
622:French pronunciation:
574:Years of service
514:Journalist, landowner
505:CollÚge Saint-Raphaël
494:Jean-Jacques Lartigue
468:Louis-Joseph Papineau
374:Marie-Amable Foretier
358:French-Canadian Group
66:Serving with
2305:, pp. 42, 48, 83â84.
2159:465, at pp. 482â483.
1994:"Pothier, Toussaint"
1975:Edyth B. Borthwick,
1933:Michel de Lorimier,
1539:Later life and death
1464:attract his cousin,
1320:Legislative Assembly
800:, and finally under
618:Denis-Benjamin Viger
568:Lower Canada militia
459:(uncle by marriage)
68:William Henry Draper
25:Denis-Benjamin Viger
2732:Jacques Archambault
2687:William McGillivray
2673:Jean-Marie Mondelet
2244:, pp. 5, 7, 93, 94.
2039:Jean-Marc Paradis,
1581:, eulogised Viger:
1577:, former editor of
1494:Three Rivers riding
1324:Legislative Council
1264:Opposition to union
1214:(1837 to 1838) and
742:. Another cousin,
662:Legislative Council
2893:Seigneurial owners
2795:Louis-Michel Viger
2661:Political offices
2157:McGill Law Journal
1992:Philippe Pothier,
1438:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1316:Province of Canada
1312:British Parliament
1282:
1274:
1168:Louis-Michel Viger
1130:
1119:
1107:
961:
946:
935:
894:Canadian Spectator
881:Bishop of Montreal
832:
802:Jean-Antoine Panet
769:Bishop of Montreal
744:Louis-Michel Viger
699:Viger was born in
646:seigneurial system
635:Province of Canada
489:Louis-Michel Viger
414:Louis-Michel Viger
376:(d. July 22, 1854)
354:Province of Canada
2801:
2800:
2790:Succeeded by
2747:Succeeded by
2718:Bonaventure Panet
2697:Succeeded by
2603:Martin Lavallée,
2527:Claude Baribeau,
2271:Stephen Leacock,
2210:J.M.S. Careless,
2181:Paul G. Cornell,
2056:Fernand Ouellet,
1962:J.M.S. Careless,
1660:(Kingston, 1844).
1322:and an appointed
1286:rebellion in 1837
1202:movement. After
953:Earl of Dalhousie
811:Viger joined the
740:mayor of Montreal
711:, a merchant and
615:
614:
588:Lieutenant (1803)
441:SĂ©raphin Cherrier
326:February 13, 1861
85:Governors General
2900:
2759:Preceded by
2752:Benjamin Beaupré
2711:Preceded by
2666:Preceded by
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2525:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2497:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2442:
2433:
2426:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2382:
2376:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2348:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2286:
2280:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2214:, pp. 5, 42, 92.
2208:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2127:
2118:Montreal Gazette
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2022:Lionel Lindsay,
2020:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1837:
1778:
1767:
1654:(Montréal, 1840)
1648:(Montréal, 1835)
1642:(Montréal, 1834)
1636:(Montréal, 1831)
1630:(Montréal, 1826)
1624:(Montréal, 1809)
1600:Montreal Gazette
1498:Austin Cuvillier
1414:Charles Metcalfe
1310:, passed by the
1220:FrĂšres chasseurs
1163:Banque du Peuple
1048:Austin Cuvillier
889:Montreal Gazette
856:Montreal islands
829:
748:Banque du Peuple
628:
623:
549:Military service
534:
486:(father-in-law)
474:
463:
447:
436:
425:
396:
329:
309:
307:
295:Personal details
281:
272:
250:
238:
229:
207:
195:
186:
163:
144:
122:
109:
93:Charles Metcalfe
62:
35:
21:
20:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2702:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2669:John Richardson
2656:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2602:
2598:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2526:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2498:
2494:
2488:Les RĂ©formistes
2485:
2481:
2472:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2443:
2436:
2430:Les RĂ©formistes
2427:
2423:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2324:
2313:
2309:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2283:
2270:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2237:
2233:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2205:
2198:Union Act, 1840
2195:
2191:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2163:
2151:J.-M. Fecteau,
2150:
2146:
2137:
2130:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1932:
1925:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1839:
1838:
1781:
1768:
1689:
1684:
1667:
1618:
1572:
1545:Amédée Papineau
1541:
1513:
1482:Montreal County
1430:
1351:
1307:Union Act, 1840
1266:
1261:
1244:Montreal Herald
1176:Fernand Ouellet
1099:
1056:
1031:
924:
919:
872:
840:Pierre Foretier
827:
784:Sulpician order
697:
621:
597:
492:
487:
484:Pierre Foretier
482:
472:
471:
461:
460:
457:Joseph Papineau
455:
445:
444:
434:
433:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
394:
393:
388:
361:
352:
337:Political party
331:
327:
311:
310:August 19, 1774
305:
303:
279:
273:
268:
254:Antoine Polette
248:
236:
230:
225:
205:
193:
187:
182:
164:
159:
145:
140:
120:
107:
102:
70:
63:
58:
41:
39:Théophile Hamel
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2780:Pierre Bruneau
2769:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2742:Michel Prévost
2721:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2698:
2695:
2684:Serving with:
2676:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2642:
2631:
2620:
2609:
2596:
2578:
2565:
2550:
2537:
2520:
2507:
2492:
2479:
2466:
2450:
2434:
2421:
2408:
2390:
2377:
2362:
2349:
2335:
2333:, pp. 379â380.
2322:
2307:
2294:
2281:
2261:
2246:
2231:
2216:
2203:
2189:
2174:
2161:
2144:
2142:, pp. 302â303.
2128:
2109:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2062:
2049:
2032:
2015:
2002:
1985:
1968:
1955:
1943:
1923:
1901:
1879:
1854:
1779:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1617:
1614:
1571:
1568:
1540:
1537:
1512:
1509:
1454:Parti patriote
1443:William Draper
1429:
1426:
1391:Robert Baldwin
1350:
1347:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1212:La Quotidienne
1192:Parti patriote
1149:Wolfred Nelson
1134:Parti patriote
1113:Front page of
1098:
1095:
1076:Parti canadien
1071:Parti patriote
1055:
1052:
1043:Parti canadien
1030:
1027:
1019:Parti canadien
1002:Parti canadien
991:Parti patriote
978:Parti canadien
957:Parti canadien
943:Parti canadien
923:
920:
918:
915:
871:
868:
797:Parti canadien
760:Parti patriote
733:Jacques Viger
696:
693:
613:
612:
609:
608:
603:
599:
598:
596:
595:
592:
591:Captain (1812)
589:
585:
583:
579:
578:
575:
571:
570:
565:
564:Branch/service
561:
560:
558:British Empire
555:
551:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
535:
528:
524:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
497:
446:
401:Jacques Viger
382:
378:
377:
371:
367:
366:
363:"British" Tory
349:Parti patriote
345:Parti canadien
338:
334:
333:
330:(aged 86)
324:
320:
319:
301:
297:
296:
292:
291:
288:
287:
282:
276:
275:
265:
264:
260:Member of the
257:
256:
251:
245:
244:
239:
233:
232:
222:
221:
214:
213:
211:Wolfred Nelson
208:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
179:
178:
170:Member of the
167:
166:
156:
155:
151:Member of the
148:
147:
137:
136:
132:Member of the
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
110:
104:
103:
101:
100:
95:
88:
86:
82:
81:
79:Queen Victoria
76:
72:
71:
65:
55:
54:
47:
46:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2905:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2796:
2786:
2781:
2777:Serving with:
2773:
2767:
2766:Joseph Bresse
2763:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:Serving with:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2692:Thomas McCord
2688:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2659:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2505:, pp. 98, 99.
2504:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2428:Ăric BĂ©dard,
2425:
2418:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2320:, pp. 12, 97.
2319:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2298:
2292:, pp. 55, 75.
2291:
2285:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1916:(in French).
1915:
1911:
1905:
1897:
1894:(in French).
1893:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1872:(in French).
1871:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1847:(in French).
1846:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:Earl of Elgin
1508:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1422:Dominick Daly
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:Charles Bagot
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:Lord Sydenham
1371:
1363:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:Durham Report
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1270:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
998:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
972:
970:
966:
958:
954:
950:
944:
939:
933:
928:
914:
912:
907:
905:
901:
900:
895:
891:
890:
884:
882:
878:
867:
865:
861:
857:
854:, one of the
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
824:
820:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
798:
793:
792:Joseph BĂ©dard
789:
785:
782:, run by the
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:
730:
726:
725:Jacques Viger
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
692:
688:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
649:
647:
643:
641:
636:
632:
627:
619:
610:
607:
604:
600:
593:
590:
587:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:
566:
562:
559:
556:
552:
547:
544:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:
503:
499:
495:
490:
485:
480:
477:
469:
466:
458:
453:
450:
442:
439:
431:
428:
420:
415:
410:
405:
404:
399:
391:
390:Jacques Viger
386:
383:
379:
375:
372:
368:
364:
359:
355:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
325:
321:
318:
314:
302:
298:
293:
289:
286:
283:
277:
271:
266:
263:
258:
255:
252:
246:
243:
242:Edward Greive
240:
234:
228:
223:
220:
215:
212:
209:
203:
200:
197:
191:
185:
180:
177:
173:
168:
162:
157:
154:
149:
143:
138:
135:
130:
127:
124:
118:
114:
113:Dominick Daly
111:
105:
99:
98:Earl Cathcart
96:
94:
90:
89:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
61:
56:
53:(Canada East)
52:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2787:(1820â1829)
2782:(1816â1820)
2771:
2744:(1815â1816)
2734:(1810â1814)
2723:
2689:(1808â1809)
2678:
2645:
2634:
2623:
2612:
2604:
2599:
2590:
2573:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2523:
2518:, pp. 52â54.
2515:
2510:
2501:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2448:, pp. 60â62.
2445:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2411:
2402:
2385:
2380:
2371:
2365:
2360:, pp. 85â89.
2357:
2352:
2343:
2338:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2259:, pp. 7, 94.
2255:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2192:
2183:
2177:
2169:
2164:
2156:
2155:, (1987) 32
2147:
2139:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2065:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2035:
2027:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1988:
1980:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1946:
1938:
1913:
1904:
1891:
1882:
1869:
1844:
1774:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1575:Joseph Royal
1573:
1557:
1549:
1542:
1533:
1525:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1478:
1473:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1439:
1418:
1403:
1388:
1376:
1336:
1332:Le Vénérable
1331:
1328:
1306:
1290:Upper Canada
1283:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:Henri Julien
1114:
1088:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1057:
1042:
1040:
1035:Upper Canada
1032:
1018:
1011:
1007:John Neilson
1001:
999:
995:
990:
987:James Stuart
976:
973:
962:
956:
942:
908:
903:
897:
893:
887:
885:
873:
863:
859:
833:
810:
795:
777:
759:
752:
734:
729:Joseph Viger
717:
698:
689:
674:
650:
639:
631:Lower Canada
617:
616:
602:Battles/wars
594:Major (1824)
543:Le Vénérable
542:
475:
473:
464:
462:
448:
437:
435:
426:
424:
409:Joseph Viger
402:
397:
395:
353:
351:(1808â1838)
348:
344:
341:Lower Canada
340:
328:(1861-02-13)
284:
280:Succeeded by
269:
249:Succeeded by
226:
219:Three-Rivers
206:Succeeded by
199:New position
198:
183:
160:
141:
121:Succeeded by
59:
18:
2818:1861 deaths
2813:1774 births
2223:J.O. CÎté,
1592:Translation
1490:by-election
1486:André Jobin
1298:Lord Durham
1240:martial law
1060:upper house
817:War of 1812
705:Denis Viger
666:upper house
606:War of 1812
385:Denis Viger
365:(1843â1847)
360:(1841â1843)
237:Preceded by
194:Preceded by
108:Preceded by
2807:Categories
2762:Noël Breux
2544:Careless,
2490:, pp. 223.
2473:Careless,
2415:Careless,
2356:Careless,
2301:Careless,
2288:Careless,
2172:, pp. 1â5.
2168:Careless,
2009:Careless,
1682:References
1579:La Minerve
1560:Notre-Dame
1251:, a small
1204:La Minerve
1196:La Minerve
1184:La Minerve
1115:La Minerve
1078:, such as
899:La Minerve
852:Ăle Bizard
554:Allegiance
519:Profession
511:Occupation
306:1774-08-19
2557:Cornell,
2499:Cornell,
2464:, p. 127.
2369:Cornell,
2329:Leacock,
2314:Cornell,
2253:Cornell,
2238:Cornell,
2138:Ouellet,
2095:, p. 293.
2091:Ouellet,
2082:, p. 209.
2078:Ouellet,
1447:prorogued
1339:Richelieu
1249:flageolet
1208:Patriotes
1188:Patriotes
1172:Patriotes
1025:in 1837.
971:in 1829.
848:fur trade
767:, future
577:1803â1824
527:Signature
501:Education
491:(cousin)
481:(cousin)
470:(cousin)
454:(cousin)
416:(cousin)
406:(cousin)
387:(father)
381:Relations
270:In office
231:1845â1847
227:In office
188:1841â1844
184:In office
176:Richelieu
165:1829â1838
161:In office
142:In office
60:In office
2594:, p. 28.
2576:, p. 70.
2548:, p. 92.
2486:BĂ©dard,
2477:, p. 89.
2406:, p. 12.
2375:, p. 14.
2013:, p. 33.
1665:See also
1474:Patriote
1399:Rimouski
1253:recorder
1216:Le Temps
1200:Patriote
1141:movement
1139:Patriote
1017:and the
985:, later
844:seigneur
701:Montreal
642:movement
640:Patriote
539:Nickname
496:(cousin)
443:(uncle)
432:(uncle)
411:(uncle)
392:(uncle)
313:Montreal
115:(acting)
2739:(1815)
2694:(1810)
1492:in the
1304:. The
1300:in the
1294:Ontario
1062:of the
904:L'Ordre
813:militia
806:speaker
668:of the
75:Monarch
2588:CÎté,
2400:CÎté,
1570:Legacy
932:Quebec
828:
804:, the
713:notary
664:, the
522:Lawyer
370:Spouse
1616:Works
1292:(now
1598:The
1000:The
902:and
842:, a
735:fils
727:and
582:Rank
403:fils
323:Died
300:Born
174:for
91:Sir
1288:in
703:to
672:.
356::
2809::
2581:^
2531:,
2453:^
2437:^
2393:^
2275:,
2264:^
2131:^
2043:,
2026:,
1996:,
1979:,
1937:,
1926:^
1912:.
1890:.
1868:.
1857:^
1843:.
1782:^
1773:,
1690:^
1566:.
1555:.
1401:.
896:,
879:,
866:.
750:.
715:.
347:/
343::
315:,
1920:.
1898:.
1876:.
1851:.
620:(
476:â
465:â
449:â
438:â
427:â
398:â
308:)
304:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
