345:, who later became California's first bishop, reported that Figueroa was "greatly agitated on account of the disturbances that the colonists caused", and set out on a strenuous voyage in 1835 to calm the political turmoil. He sailed from Monterey to San Francisco, and with very little rest, on to San Diego and then he returned to Monterey in June, 1835, and was "already ailing". Although he was initially able to continue his work, he felt weak and did not recover. He participated in the session of the territorial assembly that convened on 25 August, but informed that body on 27 August that he needed to take a leave of absence for health reasons, appointing
146:
1038:
279:, a liberal reformer, appointed José María de Híjar and D. José María Padrés to lead a group of 239 colonists to establish secular control of Alta California. Híjar, a wealthy landowner, was appointed governor to replace Figueroa, and Padrés, an army officer, was appointed military commander. The colonists were farmers and artisans, and were volunteers carefully selected by Farías. His objective was to modernize and strengthen Mexican rule over California, as a bulwark against the growing influence of Russia and the United States.
319:
162:
298:
Figueroa objected to the colonization plan since he believed that at least half of the mission lands should be turned over to
California natives, as had been the Crown's stated intention. The Franciscan missionaries had been charged with administering the missions in trust for the original
372:
There were also persistent rumors that his body was not buried in Santa
Barbara. In 1912, his casket was opened, and the body was consistent in that it was in a Mexican military uniform. The size of the skeleton matched Figueroa's small stature, no more than five feet, two inches tall.
368:
Rumors circulated after his death that he had been poisoned. The following year, Diego reported to the
Mexican government that Figueroa had shown symptoms of apoplexy in his final months, and that blood clots had been discovered in his brain when his body was preserved after his death.
834:
In this handsomely designed and intelligently conceived volume, C. Alan
Hutchinson has made available an important document concerning California's Mexican period. Governor José Figueroa's Manifesto to the Mexican Republic was the first book length imprint published in California
819:"Book Review: Manifesto to the Mexican Republic, which Brigadier General José Figueroa, Commandant and Political Chief of Upper California Presents on his Conduct and on that of José María de Híjar and José María Padrés as Directors of Colonization in 1834 and 1835"
299:
inhabitants of the region. On 4 August 1834, Figueroa issued a 180-page proclamation setting out a plan for secularization of the missions, which was far more favorable to the native peoples than was the Híjar-Padrés plan.
309:
When word of the failed coup reached
Figueroa, he had Híjar and Padrés arrested. Híjar and his closest associates were ousted from California, although many of the colonists stayed and became productive citizens there.
352:
Beginning 6 September, he was confined to his bed and on 22 September, he resigned, appointing José Castro as his successor. On 27 September, he wrote his last will, asking that his body be preserved and buried at
286:
took full power, and revoked Híjar's appointment as governor, thereby allowing
Figueroa to continue in that post. A horseman traveled for 40 days from Mexico City to Monterey to bring the news to Figueroa. The
360:
Figueroa died in
Monterey on the afternoon of 29 September 1835. As he had requested, his body was preserved, and sent to Santa Barbara by ship where it arrived on 27 October. He was buried in a crypt beneath
218:
Figueroa was appointed governor of Alta
California in 1832, and arrived for duty in January 1833. Due to political turbulence, Alta California had two rival acting governors at that time.
743:
Historical and
Biographical Record of Southern California:Containing a History of Southern California from Its Earliest Settlement to the Opening Year of the Twentieth Century
334:
his manifesto defending his administration and explaining his opposition to the Híjar-Padrés colonization plan. This was the first book published in
California.
208:
of Spanish and Aztec ancestry, and was proud of his Indian background. He had served as a military officer on the Sonoran frontier. He achieved the rank of
943:
381:
Early 20th-century historian J. M. Guinn wrote that "He is generally regarded as the best of the Mexican governors sent to California". Historian
715:
1991 "Jose Figueroa (1792–1835), an Aztecan mestigo, was a veteran of the Sonora frontier. He was Governor of California between 1833 and 1835. "
181:
295:
in Monterey on 25 September. As the horseback courier had preceded them, Híjar learned to his consternation that he had no official powers.
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226:
ruled Southern California from Los Angeles and San Diego. Both men deferred to Figueroa, and the government of Alta California was united.
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In 1833, the Mexican Congress passed legislation to secularize the California missions. Acting Mexican president
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306:. Although the rebels took control of the town hall, the revolt promptly collapsed. Its leaders were arrested.
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On 7 March 1835, a small group of the Híjar-Padrés colonists launched a brief rebellion against Figueroa in
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256:. He also had to deal with the Híjar-Padrés Colony in Los Angeles, which briefly rebelled against his rule.
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for former mission lands, although these had originally been intended to be held in trust for
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wrote that Figueroa was "the most competent governor of California during the Mexican era".
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Many of the communities that had developed around the twenty-one missions became secular
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While the colonists were traveling north to Alta California on two ships, president
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Santa Cruz, the early years: The collected historical writings of Leon Rowland,
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263:(towns). Most of the towns kept their previous mission names. In the case of
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439:
Mexican land grants in Alta California issued by Governor José Figueroa:
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326:, published in Monterey, was the first book printed in California.
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205:
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128:
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713:
Prominent visitors to the California missions, 1786–1842
388:
Landmarks named after General José Figueroa include:
895:"Santa Barbara Mission crypt undergoes retrofitting"
180:(1792 – 29 September 1835) was a General and the
1448:
432:
291:arrived in San Diego on 1 September 1833, and
248:mission officials. His government issued many
199:
937:
750:: Chapman Publishing Company. pp. 72–73.
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
807:p.16. Santa Cruz, Calif: Paper Vision Press.
337:
222:held office in Monterey in the north, while
56:14 January 1833 – 29 September 1835
951:
868:The Missions and Missionaries of California
944:
930:
861:
526:Rancho Guadalupe y Llanitos de los Correos
19:For other people named José Figueroa, see
840:
112:29 September 1835 (aged 42–43)
881:jose figueroa california cause of death.
317:
875:: The James H. Barry Company. pp.
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761:
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735:
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466:Rancho Arroyo de Las Nueces y Bolbones
270:
241:, which included the expulsion of the
925:
769:
739:
892:
754:
718:
444:
816:
13:
615:Rancho San Francisco de las Llagas
14:
1493:
1477:19th-century American politicians
630:Rancho San Ramon (Pacheco-Castro)
566:Rancho Nuestra Señora del Refugio
486:Rancho Cañada del Corte de Madera
1036:
556:Rancho Los Carneros (Littlejohn)
521:Rancho Encinal y Buena Esperanza
496:Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio
405:Santa Barbara County, California
192:was the first book published in
160:
144:
1472:Governors of Mexican California
575:Rancho Ojo del Agua de la Coche
343:Francisco García Diego y Moreno
330:In 1835, Figueroa published in
886:
810:
797:
705:
21:José Figueroa (disambiguation)
1:
698:
229:Figueroa oversaw the initial
740:Guinn, James Miller (1902).
536:Rancho Laguna Seca (Alvires)
511:Rancho El Rincon (Arellanes)
481:Rancho Bolsa de San Cayetano
476:Rancho Ausaymas y San Felipe
188:from 1833 to 1835. His 1835
7:
893:Bush, Sara (1 April 2013).
585:Rancho Pescadero (Gonzalez)
433:Figueroa rancho land grants
284:Antonio López de Santa Anna
200:Background and governorship
44:Governor of Alta California
10:
1498:
401:Los Padres National Forest
18:
1416:
1199:
1136:
1045:
1034:
959:
905:Santa Barbara, California
675:Rancho Tularcitos (Gomez)
625:Rancho San Ramon (Amador)
491:Rancho Cañón de Santa Ana
376:
338:Illness, death and burial
171:
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139:
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60:
49:
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37:
30:
823:San Diego History Center
412:and Figueroa Avenue, in
1123:Brig. Gen. Micheltorena
953:Governors of California
561:Rancho Monte del Diablo
471:Rancho Arroyo del Rodeo
420:Figueroa Street Tunnels
224:José María de Echeandía
67:José María de Echeandía
580:Rancho Paso de Bartolo
327:
1482:People from New Spain
776:California: A History
595:Rancho Punta de Pinos
363:Mission Santa Barbara
355:Mission Santa Barbara
349:as interim governor.
321:
277:Valentín Gómez Farías
863:Engelhardt, Zephyrin
803:Rowland, L. (1980).
425:Figueroa at Wilshire
397:San Rafael Mountains
332:Monterey, California
314:Figueroa's manifesto
1137:Under U.S. military
1084:Brig. Gen. Figueroa
640:Rancho Santa Teresa
551:Rancho Los Alamitos
271:Híjar-Padrés colony
250:Mexican land grants
220:Agustín V. Zamorano
178:José María Figueroa
16:American politician
1104:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez
1094:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez
1079:Lt. Col. Echeandía
1064:Lt. Col. Echeandía
783:. pp. 47–49.
680:Rancho Yerba Buena
620:Rancho San Pascual
610:Rancho San Agustin
600:Rancho Salsipuedes
531:Rancho Laguna Seca
328:
265:Mission Santa Cruz
1444:
1443:
1059:Capt. L. Argüello
1023:Capt. J. Argüello
988:Capt-Gen. de Neve
711:Francis J. Weber
695:
694:
635:Rancho San Ysidro
605:Rancho San Andrés
541:Rancho Las Animas
393:Figueroa Mountain
213:brigadier general
175:
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1013:Lt. Col. Alberní
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817:Johnson, David.
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546:Rancho Las Posas
506:Rancho El Molino
501:Rancho El Alisal
445:
322:Figueroa's 1835
237:of Alta (upper)
182:Mexican Governor
164:
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135:Military service
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89:Personal details
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1089:Lt. Col. Castro
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1018:Capt. Arrillaga
1003:Capt. Arrillaga
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590:Rancho Petaluma
456:Rancho Aguajito
451:Rancho Acalanes
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410:Figueroa Street
379:
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254:Mission Indians
204:Figueroa was a
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186:Alta California
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1153:Cdre. Stockton
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781:Modern Library
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1069:Gen. Victoria
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973:Capt. Portolá
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516:Rancho El Sur
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48:
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40:
36:
32:José Figueroa
29:
26:
22:
1431:By education
1204:(since 1850)
1174:Maj. Frémont
1172:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1114:
1111:
1083:
1047:Under Mexico
983:Capt. Rivera
908:. Retrieved
898:
888:
880:
867:
833:
826:. Retrieved
822:
812:
804:
799:
775:
771:Starr, Kevin
742:
712:
707:
689:
660:Rancho Solis
655:Rancho Sespe
461:Rancho Aptos
438:
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189:
177:
176:
151:Mexican Army
74:Succeeded by
51:
25:
1467:1835 deaths
1462:1792 births
1457:Californios
1421:Before 1850
1167:Gen. Kearny
1160:Gen. Flores
1148:Cdre. Sloat
1140:(1846–1850)
1128:Don P. Pico
1074:Don P. Pico
1050:(1822–1846)
1008:Col. Bórica
998:Capt. Roméu
964:(1769–1822)
961:Under Spain
910:5 September
828:5 September
414:Los Angeles
383:Kevin Starr
347:José Castro
304:Los Angeles
79:José Castro
62:Preceded by
1451:Categories
1426:Since 1850
1383:Deukmejian
1333:Richardson
1323:H. Johnson
1228:J. Johnson
1201:U.S. state
1191:Gen. Riley
1186:Gen. Smith
1181:Gen. Mason
1177:(mutineer)
1099:Col. Chico
993:Col. Fages
978:Col. Fages
699:References
293:La Natalie
246:Franciscan
239:California
194:California
125:politician
117:Profession
395:, in the
324:Manifesto
190:Manifesto
52:In office
1403:J. Brown
1378:J. Brown
1368:P. Brown
1328:Stephens
1293:Waterman
1288:Bartlett
1283:Stoneman
1248:Stanford
1218:McDougal
1116:Carrillo
1028:Don Solá
865:(1913).
773:(2007).
235:missions
121:Governor
42:6th
1436:Spouses
1348:Merriam
1318:Gillett
1298:Markham
1278:Perkins
1268:Pacheco
1213:Burnett
1163:(rival)
1119:(rival)
900:KEYT-TV
835:(1835).
748:Chicago
289:Morelos
261:pueblos
243:Spanish
233:of the
206:Mestizo
166:General
129:soldier
99: (
1408:Newsom
1388:Wilson
1373:Reagan
1363:Knight
1358:Warren
1313:Pardee
1258:Haight
1243:Downey
1238:Latham
1233:Weller
1223:Bigler
879:–605.
787:
690:
377:Legacy
210:brevet
1393:Davis
1353:Olson
1343:Rolph
1338:Young
1273:Irwin
1263:Booth
1308:Gage
1303:Budd
912:2016
830:2016
785:ISBN
157:Rank
109:Died
101:1792
97:1792
94:Born
1253:Low
877:597
184:of
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103:)
23:.
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