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they quickly left the meeting. At a later meeting, the UNC delegation brought a flag into the truce tent and set it up on the meeting table. The KPA/CPV delegation left after losing face, but showed up at the next meeting with a flag that was larger than the UNC flag. At the following meeting, the UNC delegation brought in a slightly larger flag. This kept up until a special meeting was called just to discuss the size of the flags, as they had grown too large to fit within the tents. The size of the flags within the meeting building have stayed about the same since then, with only minor changes. The KPA flag is wider than the UNC flag, but the UNC flag is longer. The KPA flag has thicker fringe around the edges of the flag, but the UNC's trim is longer. The truck at the top of the KPA flagpole is taller than the UNC truck, but the UNC's is wider. The KPA flag has a three tiered base while the UNC flag only has two tiers, but each of the tiers on the UNC base is taller than any of the tiers on the KPA flag.
811:– On June 30, 1975, a North Korean journalist with a history of provocative actions verbally accosted Major W.D. Henderson, the acting commander of the US Army Support Group. When Henderson failed to respond to the verbal insults and rude gestures, the journalist struck him in the face. Rising to protect himself, Henderson was attacked from behind by a KPA guard, who knocked him unconscious and then stomped on his throat, crushing his larynx. UNC and KPA guards from around the JSA immediately responded, and a mêlée ensued. The KPA guards attempted to inflict further injuries on Henderson as he was evacuated. KPA guards also assaulted a UNC-sponsored newswoman, who was hit in the face. The JSF commander arrived on the scene, confronted the fighters, and ended the incident by demanding an immediate Security Officers' Meeting. Henderson was evacuated from the area and eventually transported to the United States for treatment and rehabilitation.
805:
guards kicked the officer in the back and groin. Approximately 25–30 KPA personnel moved to the site and isolated the UNC officer, preventing him from returning to UNC Check Point 4 until the UNC Quick
Reaction Force arrived on scene and dispersed the KPA soldiers. After the UNC QRF departed with the injured officer, KPA guards returned, broke into Check Point 4 and began to vandalize the interior. The QRF redeployed to Check Point 4 and forced the KPA away. The KPA responded by sending approximately 100 additional soldiers to KPA Guard Post No. 7 at the west end of the Bridge of No Return. The UNC JDO arrived on the scene and prevented an escalation by proposing an immediate Security Officers' Meeting. However, upon withdrawing from the area to convene the meeting, the JDO sedan was attacked by the KPA, who broke out the windows with rocks and clubs, injuring the JDO, after which all KPA forces withdrew to their side of the bridge.
1123:(through the various U.S. military commands in Korea). Before being allowed to enter the DMZ, if visiting from the South, tourists are given a briefing during which they must sign a document which states, in part, "The visit to the Joint Security Area at Panmunjom will entail entry into a hostile area and possibility of injury or death as a direct result of enemy action." During a meeting held between the UN command and military officers from North and South Korea on the South Korean side of Panmunjom on October 16, 2018, it was agreed the Joint Security Area disarmament is complete, civilian and foreign tourists will be allowed to visit the border area from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. without restrictions about what they can wear. It was agreed that at this point, the
960:
355:
391:
379:
428:
136:
200:
474:
944:
3722:
600:
191:. In 2018, North and South Korean officials agreed to clear the JSA of all landmines, weapons and guard posts. This withdrawal was complete on October 25, 2018, and the JSA now just contains 35 unarmed security guards. It was further agreed that henceforth, the area will serve mainly as a tourist attraction. On November 6, 2018, it was announced that the UNC would transfer primary guard duties of the now demilitarized Joint Security Area to both North and South Korea.
870:
site of the
Unification Monument. In the 40-minute firefight that ensued, Corporal Jang Myong-ki was killed, and Private First Class Michael A. Burgoyne was wounded. The JDO NCO negotiated a ceasefire that enabled the North Koreans to withdraw, but not before five of them were wounded and three killed, plus an additional eight captured. It has been rumored that Lt. Pak Chul ("Lt. Bulldog", who commanded North Korean soldiers in the confrontation that led to the
367:
414:
486:). In addition, ROK Army officers served as liaison officers. In the mid-1970s the JSA consisted of the JSF company with three platoons of one U.S. and one ROKA officer, and thirty enlisted men, supported by a battalion staff. The three platoons were led by the U.S. officer with the ROK officer as the executive officer, and U.S. Army platoon sergeants. The platoons consisted of three squads, with equal numbers of U.S. and KATUSA soldiers.
403:
751:
38:
450:
786:
between the MAC and JDO buildings, and beaten on the head with a shovel. Shortly afterward 50 unarmed UNC guards from the UNC JDO building arrived and joined the fray and began isolating and disabling KPA guards on the UNC side of the MDL. Fighting ceased when two KPA guards emerged from a guard post armed with AK-47 rifles. Seven UNC guards suffered injuries, including one with a skull fracture.
536:
291:, is now Checkpoint (CP) #3, while what used to be called CP#3 (and sometimes called "The Loneliest Outpost in the World") was the UNC checkpoint at the southern end of the Bridge of No Return. After the enforcement of the MDL, the North no longer had a road leading into the JSA, and within three days they built what is now known as the "72-Hour Bridge" or "Bridge of 72 Hours".
693:). During this attack one US soldier and two ROKA soldiers were killed. An additional twelve US soldiers, nine ROKA soldiers, and three ROK civilians were wounded. The KPA soldiers were pursued to the MDL by US soldiers from the Advance Camp. Following this incident the southern boundary fence for the DMZ was relocated to a line north of the camp's perimeter.
995:, a North Korean soldier, defected by crossing the demarcation line in the JSA. The soldier drove a vehicle until it became stuck on the north side of the border. The defector then jumped out and was shot by other KPA soldiers and was found in critical condition with multiple gun wounds about 50 m (55 yards) from the demarcation line. He survived.
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further, reflecting the UNC Commander's desire to minimize the USFK presence near the Korean
Demilitarized Zone. The commander of the ROKA JSA Battalion serves as the UNCSB-JSA Deputy Commander. The UNCSB-JSA Commander's principal responsibility now lies in his operational control of selected ROKA formations during both Armistice and wartime periods.
222:. It is because of this proximity that the terms JSA and Panmunjom are often used interchangeably. The village encompassed a larger area than the current complex of the JSA, and consisted mostly of farms. It was destroyed during the war, and all that now remains on the site of the village is the building constructed for the signing of the
664:) also refused repatriation. Under the provisions of the Armistice, these soldiers were held for a further six months and interviewed by neutral observers to ensure they had not been coerced into refusing repatriation. Most KPA expatriates remained in South Korea, while the overwhelming majority of CPV expatriates traveled to
470:
Command
Support Group—Joint Security Area, and further changed to United Nations Command Security Force—Joint Security Area on December 23, 1985. On October 15, 1994, UNC Commander directed that the unit be known by its present designation, the United Nations Command Security Battalion - Joint Security Area.
933:
helicopter from the US Army crossed the MDL while undertaking a low-altitude flight over hilly, wooded terrain in South Korea. KPA air defense forces shot the aircraft down as it was returning to South Korean-controlled territory. Co-pilot David M. Hilemon was killed but pilot Bobby Hall was released
869:
deployed from Camp Kitty Hawk (renamed Camp
Bonifas in August 1986) to safeguard Matuzok and repel the North Koreans. The KPA soldiers, who were pinned down by fire from the JSF's 4th Platoon on guard duty in Panmunjom, were quickly outmaneuvered and isolated in the area of the Sunken Garden, now the
497:
On
October 31, 2004, a ROK Army battalion assumed sole responsibility for the Joint Security Area. This modified light infantry battalion consisted of a battalion headquarters, a headquarters company, two security companies, and a civil affairs company. The number of U.S. personnel assigned decreased
278:
While the boundary has remained the same over the years, the buildings themselves have changed. Some have been removed, including all of the KPA checkpoints on the southern half of the JSA. New buildings have been constructed, whilst some existing buildings have been expanded or simply renovated. The
1046:
On
October 16, 2018, both Koreas agreed to allow tourists to walk across the Joint Security Area's Military Demarcation Line in a way which reenacts Kim and Moon's April 27, 2018 border crossing. This agreement came following a meeting the UN Command military officers from both North and South Korea
804:
On March 3, 1974, a KPA officer and two KPA guards approached a UNC-sponsored tour at UNC Observation Post 5 (now UNCP #3). The UNC escort officer prevented the KPA group from harassing the tour group, at which point the KPA officer grabbed the UNC officer's shoulder. At the same time one of the KPA
718:
to freedom. They had spent the previous eleven months in captivity after their electronic surveillance ship was attacked and seized by DPRK naval forces on
January 22, 1968. Secret negotiations had taken place in the JSA Conference Room during the time of their captivity. They were the last group of
700:(Swiss/Swede) camp. Using small arms, automatic weapon fire and hand grenades, the KPA soldiers succeeded in stopping the truck and attempted to kill all six soldiers aboard. They withdrew across the MDL after killing four of the soldiers (two US and two ROKA) and wounding the remaining two soldiers.
465:
was constituted on May 5, 1952, as Army Unit 8020, United
Nations Command Military Armistice Commission Support Group (Provisional). Originally authorized five officers and ten enlisted soldiers, the unit grew to over 1,400 officers and men supporting almost 32,000 soldiers, civilians, and diplomats
1127:
which runs through the Joint
Security Area will be open to local and foreign tourists so they can reenact Kim and Moon's crossing which occurred on April 27, 2018. This withdrawal was complete on October 25, though tourism has been delayed. No date was set for the resumption of Joint Security Area
489:
Sometime after 1979, another (fourth) platoon was added to the JSF to allow time for training during platoon work rotations. In July 1987 the four platoons of the Joint Security Force (JSF) company were reorganized to mix KATUSA and US soldiers at all levels. At the platoon level, two platoons were
874:
a decade earlier) was one of those killed in this firefight, though documentation has not been found yet. However, he has not been seen in the JSA since this incident. Additionally, there were gunshots in the north approximately 20 minutes after the cease fire was effective, and it was reported by
586:
During one of the initial negotiations of the armistice, agents of the KPA/CPV side went into the truce tents one night and sawed down the chair legs of the UNC delegation. The next day, when the UNC delegates arrived, they were forced to sit lower than their KPA/CPV counterparts and lost face, so
785:
from one UNC guard; a shoving match ensued. The KPA guards disengaged, moved to the KPA Joint Duty Officer building and returned with approximately 30 KPA guards and workers. Armed with shovels, clubs, and rocks, the KPA workers initiated a mêlée. One UNC guard was isolated from the rest, dragged
493:
On April 25, 1992, the JSF company became a KATUSA-pure formation. Captain Yin Sung-hwan became the first ROK commander assisted by a U.S. Army lieutenant as his executive officer. The number of U.S. Army personnel assigned to the unit fell below 200 for the first time since 1952. American forces
891:
Chinese Joint Duty Officer defection – On July 29, 1989, a Chinese army officer and his wife defected to South Korea. Major Zuo Xiukai and his wife crossed the demarcation line from North Korea at Panmunjom. This was the first Chinese officer to defect to South Korea through Panmunjom since the
1039:
in Pyongyang calling for the removal of landmines, guard posts, weapons, and personnel in the Joint Security Area. The Koreas also agree to turn the area into a "peace tourism" zone once the withdrawal has been complete. In South Korea, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korea
469:
For the next 50 years, the unit underwent several organizational and name changes, although the original mission to secure the Joint Security Area remains the same today as it was in 1952. On June 11, 1979, the name was changed from US Army Support Group (Joint Security Area) to United Nations
590:
Being at the center of one of the world's most tense military and political fault lines, the Joint Security Area has been the site of numerous interactions between North and South, including over 750 overt acts of violence. The UNC has documented most of the violent incidents with reports and
517:
Since October 25, 2018, guards in the Joint Security area no longer have pistols. They are also required to maintain a capacity no larger than 35 people and must be unarmed. Freedom of movement across the border must also be enforced for visitors and tourists at some point as well.
1060:
On November 6, 2018, both Koreas and the UNC established a new set of rules which included, among other things, the transfers of security oversight. Both North and South Korea will now have oversight over security personnel stationed at their respective sides of the Joint Security
879:
to the JSF commander that the KPA commander and one of his key subordinates were summarily executed. The KPA commander was likewise never seen again, however no evidence is adduced for these claims. Matuzok was given a short debriefing in Seoul, then turned over to the
976:
In August 2010, Reverend Han Sang-ryol of South Korea, who had entered and stayed in North Korea for two months in order to promote his cause of Korean unification, was arrested by South Korean authorities after returning to South Korea through the Joint Security
907:
In March 1991, the UNC commander appointed a South Korean General as chief representative. As North Korea claims that only signatories to the Armistice Agreement, of which South Korea is not a part, can be representatives, they refuse to attend any more MAC
591:
photographs, which have been reported in the course of MAC meetings. Countless fistfights, shouting matches, exchanges of rude gestures, and other provocations have occurred since 1953. There have also been several prisoner exchanges and other interactions.
139:
North Korean soldiers standing guard at the JSA between the blue buildings. View from the north. To the rear, the ground floor of Freedom House, in South Korea. The low-level concrete ledge running between the two soldiers is the border mark in the security
286:
Since the enforcement of the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) within the JSA, several UNC checkpoint buildings have also been rebuilt and/or renamed as well. Examples of this are what was called Observation Post (OP) No. 5 on the hill overlooking the
1601:
1056:
On October 25, 2018, guard posts and weapons were removed from the Joint Security Area. Personnel also withdrew from the Joint Security Area by 1 pm. The area is now occupied by 35 unarmed UNC personnel, and 35 unarmed KPA personnel, for a total of
864:
as Matusak in some sources), a translator at the Soviet embassy in Pyongyang, suddenly dashed across the Military Demarcation Line into South Korea. Thirty KPA soldiers pursued him, firing their weapons as they did so. The JSF commanded by Captain
1261:
615:
This operation was a test case for prisoner repatriation, one of the four main issues of contention during two years of negotiation. 605 sick, wounded, and/or injured UNC prisoners were exchanged for 6,030 sick or injured Communist prisoners.
3233:
740:
months during negotiations between Major General A. H. Adam senior negotiator at the UN Command, and North Korean Major General Lee Choon-sun. In early December 1969 the three crew members were released and ushered over the Bridge of No
509:
stance with stolid facial expressions, clenched fists and sunglasses, which was meant to intimidate the North Korean guards. The South Korean guards had to be at least 170 cm (5'7") tall and have a black belt in taekwondo or
987:
In June 2013, initial talks to prepare for higher-level negotiations were held in the JSA. These were the first working-level talks held in the JSA since February 2011. No ministerial-level talks have been held at the JSA since
203:
Map of the current Joint Security Area (JSA) showing the red Military Demarcation Line (MDL) and the buildings; solid black are occupied by North Korea (KPA) and the white are occupied by South Korea (ROK) and the United Nations
378:
647:
The Armistice Agreement provided that a nonbelligerent nation would provide security forces to hold any prisoner of war who refused repatriation. India provided 6,413 soldiers for this purpose. After landing at the port of
269:
Military Police of both sides provide security for the JSA with guard forces of no more than 35 security personnel on duty at any given time. The administrative facilities for both guard forces are located within the JSA.
2351:
420:
Panmungak, a two-story building on North Korean side of the JSA built in 1969 and used (1) in one part, for non-military diplomatic meetings, and (2) in another part, for offices for officials in the North Korean
490:
led by U.S. Army lieutenants and ROKA platoon sergeants, and two were led by ROKA lieutenants and US Army platoon sergeants. In November 1987 the unit received a ROK Army major as its first deputy commander.
1598:
1564:
477:
A Republic of Korea soldier of the United Nations Command Security Battalion stands guard inside a JSA conference room, in front of the door leading to the North Korean side of the JSA. View from south to
2500:
918:
In January 1994 two KPA soldiers were swept into the East China Sea. They were rescued by elements of the ROK Navy. Neither soldier wished to defect, so they were returned to North Korean control through
1269:
521:
On November 6, 2018, both Koreas and the UNC established new rules which called for, among other things, the transfer of guard duty command to both Koreas for each of their respective sides of the area.
3669:
2673:
627:
Based on the success of the repatriations undertaken earlier, a general exchange of prisoners began in late April. During Operation Big Switch, prisoners were brought to Panmunjom, on the banks of the
3038:
427:
3241:
3390:
1541:
3100:
2711:
2914:
1471:
680:
During this operation the UNCMACSG(P) oversaw the repatriation of displaced persons, expellees, and refugees from North Korea to South Korea across the Military Demarcation Line at Panmunjom.
3178:
3208:
984:
entered North Korea in order to promote his cause of Korean unification. In July, he was arrested by South Korean authorities, after returning to South Korea through the Joint Security Area.
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involved in negotiating and then enforcing the Armistice Agreement. By the end of February 1954 the scope of work declined and the number of soldiers assigned to the unit declined as well.
2978:
1510:
3145:
631:. Each prisoner was then asked if he wished to cross the river and return to his countrymen or remain with his captors. Once the choice was made there was no turning back—hence the name
2408:
2263:
821:(UNC) work party which was pruning a large tree obscuring visibility between two UNC checkpoints. During the fight, Joint Security Force (JSF) company commander Captain Bonifas of the
639:
released a further 25,000 KPA soldiers held in ROKA camps (mostly southerners impressed into service for the north) into South Korea in an attempt to wreck the armistice negotiations.
2804:
1247:
354:
794:
3266:
1965:
Bernstein, Barton. "The Struggle over the Korean Armistice: Prisoners of Repatriation?" in Child of Conflict: The Korean-American Relationship 1943–1953, ed. Bruce Cumings (1983).
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1053:
On October 22, 2018, the UNC endorsed the decision to remove guard posts and weapons from both sides of the Korean border and agreed to provide assistance in the removal process.
1405:
1887:
1032:
in the Joint Security Area, this time on the North Korean side of Panmunjom. The meeting took two hours, and unlike other summits it had not been publicly announced beforehand.
2361:
2948:
1770:
1297:
635:. During this time 13,444 UNC prisoners returned to UNC countries, and 89,493 KPA and CPV prisoners returned to their Communist countries. In June 1953, ROK president
501:
Both sides placed guards between the blue meeting houses, where the demarcation line is marked by blocks of concrete. South Korean guards in this area were armed with
689:
On August 29, 1967, at 1645 hours, KPA soldiers armed with small arms and light machine guns attacked the United States Army Support Group Advance Camp (now known as
2857:
390:
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2098:
2079:
2060:
1690:
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1944:
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Two KPA soldiers standing guard inside a JSA conference room, in front of the door leading to the South Korean side of the JSA. View from north to south.
3092:
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1040:
Tourism Organization signed an agreement with 13 local governments to establish a committee ensuring the transfer of control of the Joint Security Area
801:
to negotiate. More direct phone lines were established throughout the 1990s and 2000s until there were 33 hotlines that run through the Panmunjom area.
266:(MDL) separating South and North Korea, and created as a neutral area, where there was free movement of both sides anywhere within the JSA boundaries.
3430:
2741:
2918:
1479:
3170:
3200:
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767:, North Korea. Aside from the hijacker, the plane carried 46 passengers and four crew members. 39 passengers were repatriated through Panmunjom on
2328:
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2180:
628:
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384:
The Military Demarcation Line separating between the North (left) and South (right), marked by a concrete slab between the conference buildings
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Approximately 23,000 KPA and CPV soldiers held in UNC prisoner of war camps refused to return to Communist control. Twenty-two UNC soldiers (
172:
forces stand face-to-face. The JSA is used by the two Koreas for diplomatic engagements and, until March 1991, was also the site of military
1620:
1442:
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754:
The monument marking the site of the Axe Murder Incident in the Joint Security Area on the border of North and South Korea, as seen in 2012
661:
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3258:
1219:
2036:
3610:
652:, the UNCMAC Support Group (Provisional) moved all personnel to the Demilitarized Zone by helicopter in a single day without incident.
183:
The JSA has been the site of numerous events and incidents since its establishment in 1953, the first of which was the repatriation of
3296:
1877:
1397:
3069:
2010:
262:(KPA/CPV) were held at the Joint Security Area, an 800-meter (2600 ft) wide enclave, roughly circular in shape, bisected by the
3511:
2430:
1990:
2940:
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778:
On October 12, 1970, two KPA guards and one KPA officer approached a group of UNC guards. The KPA soldiers attempted to remove the
1795:
1707:
1050:
On October 19, 2018, the UNC announced that both Koreas had completed their work to remove landmines from the Joint Security Area.
771:, 1970. The remaining passengers and all crew members were held by North Korea and to date have not been permitted to return. See
2620:
1289:
3553:
3788:
876:
697:
1080:. Trump stepped briefly across the MDL onto the northern side becoming the first sitting U.S. president to have set foot into
850:
on patrol over the DMZ strayed into North Korean territory and was shot down. The crew—three dead, one alive—were repatriated.
1860:
283:. Prior to this, the entire area was neutral, where members of either side possessed the freedom of movement within the JSA.
2376:
1371:
1333:
3778:
798:
366:
3356:
835:, August 21, 1976 – In response to the killing of Bonifas and Barrett by the KPA on August 18, the UNC Commander, General
42:
South Korean soldiers standing guard at the JSA between the blue buildings. View from the south. To the rear, three-story
3636:
2352:"A Forty-Minute Korean War: The Soviet Defector Firefight in the Joint Security Area, Panmunjom, Korea, 23 November 1984"
2231:
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The Joint Security Area currently has around 100,000 tourists visit each year through several tourism companies and the
402:
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1640:
1036:
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observation helicopter strayed over DPRK airspace and was forced to land in North Korea. The three crew were held for
2304:
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2076:
2057:
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was killed by a North Korean guard, and Lieutenant Barrett was killed and most of the UNC guards were wounded by the
263:
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and crossed over the MDL, marking the first time a North Korean leader has set foot in Southern territory since the
436:, a three-story building on the South Korean side of the JSA built in 1989 used for non-military diplomatic meetings
772:
1910:
696:
On April 14, 1968, at 2300 hours, KPA soldiers ambushed a UNC truck transporting UNC relief guards to the JSA and
1821:
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3318:
2763:
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including a possible inter-Korean women's ice hockey team and North Korea's participation in ice skating pairs.
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3000:
1010:
885:
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aircraft was hijacked by a North Korean agent on December 11, 1969, and forced to divert to Sondǒk Airfield in
251:
106:
1940:
1507:"Two Koreas, UNC agree on guard duty rules for new-look Joint Security Area: MND - NK News - North Korea News"
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only boundary change of the Joint Security Area was the enforcement of the dividing line within the JSA after
3483:
860:
Soviet Defector Incident – On November 23, 1984, during a communist-led tour, Soviet citizen Vasily Matuzok (
322:
247:
1025:
ended in 1953. Both men held hands and crossed back over to the North briefly before returning to the South.
3420:
3416:
2733:
1120:
1029:
250:(MAC), an agency to supervise implementation of the truce terms. Meetings of MAC representatives from the
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1975:
1128:
tourism when rules were established for the transfer of guard duty command on November 6, 2018, as well.
790:
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1164:
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814:
259:
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20:
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2170:
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3289:"Two Koreas complete demining and on path to make JSA arms-free - Pulse by Maeil Business News Korea"
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1918:
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161:
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999:
808:
433:
327:
227:
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George, Steve; Yeung, Jessie; Griffiths, James; Liptak, Kevin; Berlinger, Joshua (June 30, 2019).
1432:
1220:"S.Korea, DPRK complete withdrawal of weapons from JSA inside DMZ - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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13 days later after signing an apology for "accidentally straying" into North Korean airspace.
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In January 2018, North Korea and South Korea met on the South Korean side of the JSA at the
832:
557:
120:
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1003:
884:, which made arrangements for him to be resettled in the U.S. under the sponsorship of the
847:
620:
310:
2006:
8:
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2434:
2145:
1987:
1043:
On October 1, 2018, a process had begun to remove landmines from the Joint Security Area.
871:
836:
715:
708:
632:
288:
280:
188:
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signed July 27, 1953, to bring a cease-fire in the Korean War, was establishment of the
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768:
3093:"Koreas Begin Land Mine Removal at Joint Security Area, Per Recent Military Agreement"
3061:
3557:
3484:"US soldier believed to be detained by North Korea after 'willfully' crossing border"
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1856:
1574:
1107:
930:
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Buildings in the Joint Security Area as they appeared in 1956. View from the south.
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2083:
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1994:
1694:
1624:
1605:
1437:
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1323:
779:
482:
Originally a purely U.S. Army organization, the unit also included ROK soldiers (
184:
2971:"Moon, Kim sign agreement for North Korea to take further steps to denuclearize"
135:
3348:
2221:
1796:"2 Koreas, UNC complete firearms removal from JSA - News - NHK WORLD - English"
1110:
into North Korea without authorization. He was taken into North Korean custody.
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2582:
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1662:
1398:"DMZ Tourism: Koreas Plan To Transform Fortified Zone Into Tourist Attraction"
1143:
473:
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3749:
3736:
1578:
1534:"7 things to know about Panmunjom, the truce village where time stands still"
1137:
992:
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866:
199:
3171:"Tourists May Soon Get to Walk Across the DMZ Between North and South Korea"
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2175:
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1065:
964:
690:
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459:
United Nations Command Security Battalion - Joint Security Area (UNCSB-JSA)
3721:
1190:
3660:"Selfies in the Korean DMZ – and other unusual border travel experiences"
3201:"Tourists will soon be allowed to walk across the world's tensest border"
1103:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1018:
1014:
968:
952:
948:
840:
723:
173:
169:
165:
360:
Main North Korean building, Panmungak, from Freedom House Pagoda in 1976
1022:
888:, an organization that helps to resettle refugees in Western countries.
760:
669:
1472:"Koreas ready for joint guard duty as DMZ truce village gets new look"
111:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
981:
550:
506:
494:
assigned to the JSA assumed mainly administrative and support roles.
219:
157:
43:
2915:"Kim offers to visit Seoul 'any time if you invite me': South Korea"
2764:"North Korean Soldier Shot by Own Troops as He Defects to the South"
1878:"THE WAY WE LIVE NOW: 10-22-06: PHENOMENON; Radioactive Nationalism"
2226:
782:
546:
3421:"Trump Steps Into North Korea as He Meets With Kim Jong-un at DMZ"
1688:
Leadership of Joint Security Area at DMZ transferred to S. Koreans
1565:"Inside the Border Village Hosting North and South Korea's Summit"
750:
3259:"Koreas Continue Tension-Easing Talks as the North Criticizes US"
2831:
2646:
2586:
2556:
2463:
1737:
843:
inside the JSA. The tree had been the focal point of the murders.
822:
37:
839:
ordered a massive show of force to accompany the felling of the
643:
Operation Movement of Custodial Forces—India, September 2, 1953,
396:
Freedom House and meeting row, from Freedom House Pagoda in 1976
2643:"WRAP Religious activist ends illegal trip ADDS protests, reax"
1763:"South Korea disarms Joint Security Area in North-South border"
764:
665:
649:
502:
483:
449:
57:
3062:"AP Explains: Removal of mines from Korean Demilitarized Zone"
3383:"2 Koreas remove firearms, guard posts, troops from DMZ area"
3138:"South Korea Begins Removing Mines, Expects North to Do Same"
2885:"North and South Korea meet again to discuss Winter Olympics"
1599:
UNC Reg 551-1, Compliance With the Korean Armistice Agreement
1262:"South Korea Finds Likely War Remains During Border Demining"
73:
2797:"Soldier shot by North Korean guards as he defects to South"
2305:
Soldiers gather to honor KATUSA killed at Korean JSA in 1984
1726:
1637:"Americatrek Part Six, Final Part, Vestiges of the Cold War"
1362:"Gov't launches council to turn DMZ into peace tourism zone"
3658:
Chris Leadbeater, Travel Correspondent (October 19, 2018).
3319:"Two Koreas, U.N. forces agree to remove weapons at border"
3031:"North, South Korea to halt military drills in border area"
2522:
1941:"Records of the UNC Military Armistice Commission (UNCMAC)"
1068:
visited the demilitarized zone with South Korean President
511:
3527:
3451:
2674:"South Korea arrests activist after he visits North Korea"
3487:
3457:
2944:
2399:"Chinese Army Major Defects To South Korea With His Wife"
1433:"Two Koreas finish landmine cleanup in JSA. What's next?"
125:
3234:"Korea: US Led UN Command Discuss Disarming Border Area"
2613:"South Korea pastor arrested on return from North visit"
971:
briefly met at the Joint Security Area on June 30, 2019.
3607:"Surreal, sobering visit to Korea's Demilitarized Zone"
722:
Operation Temple Bell – On August 17, 1969, an unarmed
2941:"North and South Korean leaders hold surprise meeting"
1988:
Syngman Rhee Biography: Rhee Attacks Peace Proceedings
408:
The new Freedom House as viewed from Panmungak in 2005
372:
A view of Panmungak, from Freedom House Pagoda in 2009
187:(POWs) after the cessation of hostilities, across the
1290:"Koreas agree to disarm at armistice 'peace village'"
1146:– a village on the north side of the demarcation line
1140:– a village on the south side of the demarcation line
817:– On August 18, 1976, North Korean guards attacked a
208:
The Joint Security Area is located about 800 meters (
2883:
Berlinger, Joshua; Kwaak, Jeyup (January 15, 2018).
1850:
2583:"NORTH KOREA: RETURN OF US HELICOPTER PILOT'S BODY"
2696:
2491:"U.S. Demands North Korea Release Helicopter Crew"
2202:Rough Day at PanMunJom – Joint Security Area (JSA)
1243:
1241:
444:
2726:
2460:"Cross-border Drama As SKorean Activist Arrested"
2108:
1092:, visited North Korea long after leaving office).
980:In March 2012, South Korean unification activist
955:met at the Joint Security Area on April 27, 2018.
3765:
3657:
2327:. Merrymadmonk.blogspot.com. December 17, 2004.
1822:"Koreas remove guns from Cold War truce village"
1324:"(LEAD) Two Koreas, UNC wrap up JSA disarmament"
1191:"Despite tensions, tourists flock to Korean DMZ"
3454:"Trump meets Kim at the DMZ in historic moment"
2431:"DPRK, UNC to Resume High-Level Military Talks"
1238:
902:KPA Abandonment of the MAC Meetings, March 1991
719:UNC personnel to cross the Bridge of No Return.
2882:
2794:
2222:"What we know of Koreas' red and green phones"
1974:U.S. Army Forces, Far East, 8086th Army Unit,
1563:Specia, Megan; Wallace, Tim (April 26, 2018).
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1002:to discuss North Korea's participation in the
703:Operation Breeches Buoy On December 23, 1968,
3376:
3374:
2704:"North and South Korea agree venue for talks"
1562:
1317:
1315:
1214:
1212:
829:using axes dropped by the fleeing work party.
3411:
3228:
3226:
3121:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2825:
1283:
1281:
1279:
281:the murders of two American officers in 1976
79:
63:
3253:
3251:
2058:DMZ ambush survivors seen lucky to be alive
2007:"The Korean War: Years of Stalemate, p. 30"
1790:
1788:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1618:Cohen: Economic Failure Plagues North Korea
1457:
1256:
1254:
759:Operation Runaway I, February 14, 1970 – A
525:
3371:
3349:"Koreas agree to remove weapons at border"
2671:
2077:Survivor thought ambush was all-out attack
1531:
1312:
1209:
1064:On June 30, 2019, United States President
36:
3223:
2254:"U.S. Copter Strayed On North Korea Line"
2214:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1288:Parry, Richard Lloyd (October 25, 2018).
1276:
1106:, a US Army Pvt, left his tour group and
463:United Nations Command Security Battalion
3604:
3509:Panmunjom Tour Travel Information Center
3248:
3165:
3163:
3007:. Associated Press. September 19, 2018.
3001:"Koreas agreed to disarm border village"
2171:"141 Days of Hell, What about 40 Years?"
1785:
1748:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1251:
1017:shook hands with South Korean President
958:
942:
749:
598:
472:
448:
198:
134:
3586:from the original on September 30, 2016
3181:from the original on September 14, 2019
3011:from the original on September 20, 2018
2488:
2454:
2452:
2284:
2278:
1978:.Operation Little Switch, 4 vols., n.d.
1708:"National Geographic: Dangerous Divide"
1391:
1389:
1197:from the original on September 23, 2020
924:Operation Bobby Hall, December 29, 1994
218:mile) south of the original village of
3766:
3633:"VISITORS DECLARATION (UNC REG 551-5)"
3534:from the original on November 19, 2011
3329:from the original on February 20, 2019
3072:from the original on February 13, 2019
2981:from the original on February 26, 2019
2838:from the original on December 13, 2021
2807:from the original on November 17, 2017
2776:from the original on November 13, 2017
2744:from the original on February 27, 2017
2653:from the original on December 13, 2021
2593:from the original on December 13, 2021
2563:from the original on December 13, 2021
2533:from the original on September 1, 2009
2503:from the original on February 15, 2023
2470:from the original on December 13, 2021
2374:
2350:Hanson, Col. Thomas (March 31, 2017).
2349:
2285:Shipler, David K. (December 7, 1986).
2134:
2039:from the original on November 19, 2007
1921:from the original on February 15, 2023
1908:
1420:
1047:in the South Korean side of Panmunjom.
877:Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission
3717:of the JSA from the North Korean side
3433:from the original on February 1, 2021
3393:from the original on October 25, 2018
3299:from the original on October 19, 2018
3269:from the original on November 7, 2018
3160:
2714:from the original on October 10, 2017
2266:from the original on December 1, 2017
2013:from the original on December 2, 2007
1875:
1710:. National Geographic. Archived from
1643:from the original on November 4, 2021
1513:from the original on November 4, 2021
1494:
1445:from the original on November 5, 2021
1408:from the original on November 5, 2021
1374:from the original on November 4, 2021
1348:
1336:from the original on November 4, 2021
1300:from the original on November 4, 2021
1287:
1171:from the original on December 1, 2017
791:hotline between North and South Korea
656:Operation Comeback, January 21, 1954,
16:Part of the Korean Demilitarized Zone
3639:from the original on October 2, 2008
3148:from the original on October 2, 2018
3103:from the original on October 2, 2018
3090:
2795:Justin McCurry (November 13, 2017).
2623:from the original on August 13, 2014
2449:
2411:from the original on October 3, 2016
2331:from the original on October 1, 2011
1947:from the original on August 25, 2017
1669:from the original on October 2, 2008
1386:
529:
3605:Edmonton, The (November 18, 2006).
3359:from the original on April 20, 2019
3135:
3059:
3041:from the original on March 27, 2019
2951:from the original on April 28, 2019
2933:
2489:Schmitt, Eric (December 18, 1994).
2377:"For defectors, life can be lonely"
2168:
2096:Pueblo crew of 82 freed by N. Korea
1890:from the original on April 23, 2016
1832:from the original on April 12, 2019
1395:
333:
13:
3672:from the original on April 7, 2019
3464:from the original on June 30, 2019
3060:Kim, Hyung-Jin (October 2, 2018).
2895:from the original on April 5, 2018
2826:tango yankee (November 22, 2017).
2740:. Associated Press. June 9, 2013.
2183:from the original on July 16, 2011
2033:"The Korean War 1950–1953, p. 245"
1773:from the original on March 2, 2019
1556:
1544:from the original on June 13, 2020
913:Operation Popeye, February 1, 1994
14:
3800:
3708:
3211:from the original on May 26, 2019
2433:. .korea-np.co.jp. Archived from
2234:from the original on May 26, 2018
1909:Nevius, C.W. (October 10, 2006).
1876:Maass, Peter (October 22, 2006).
1396:Var, Suman (September 20, 2018).
1359:
1321:
882:UN High Commissioner for Refugees
789:On September 22, 1971, the first
230:. The JSA is administered by the
3720:
3380:
2828:"North Korean Defector Incident"
2734:"Korean talks held in Panmunjom"
2553:"NORTH KOREA: US PILOT RELEASED"
2169:Kim, Tae-Hong (August 7, 2009).
2116:"Freed Koreans Retell Hijacking"
1911:"North Korea and One-Upsmanship"
1037:Kim and Moon signed an agreement
1013:took place. North Korean leader
793:became operational to allow the
773:Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking
534:
426:
413:
401:
389:
377:
365:
353:
237:
3651:
3625:
3598:
3580:"Panmunjom By Jennifer Lee '98"
3572:
3546:
3520:
3502:
3476:
3445:
3405:
3341:
3311:
3281:
3193:
3136:Kim, Hyung-Jin (October 2018).
3129:
3084:
3053:
3023:
2993:
2963:
2907:
2876:
2850:
2819:
2788:
2756:
2665:
2635:
2605:
2575:
2545:
2515:
2482:
2423:
2391:
2375:Aeppel, Timothy (May 5, 1986).
2368:
2343:
2317:
2298:
2246:
2195:
2162:
2089:
2070:
2051:
2025:
1999:
1981:
1968:
1959:
1933:
1902:
1869:
1855:. Lexington Books. p. 56.
1844:
1814:
1700:
1681:
1655:
1629:
1611:
1592:
1525:
445:United Nations Command staffing
2891:. Turner Broadcasting System.
1532:hermesauto (January 9, 2018).
1193:. NBC News. November 4, 2006.
1183:
1165:"Korea Truce Village At Peace"
1157:
886:International Rescue Committee
549:format but may read better as
80:
64:
1:
3789:1950s establishments in Korea
2211:. Retrieved September 5, 2007
1853:Inside Notes from the Outside
1851:Caroline Joan Picart (2004).
1608:. Retrieved November 29, 2006
1150:
676:Operation Rainbow, March 1954
505:and they stood in a modified
248:Military Armistice Commission
160:) is the only portion of the
3728:travel guide from Wikivoyage
3609:. Canada.com. Archived from
3091:Diplomat, Ankit Panda, The.
2523:"U.S. Department of Defense"
2325:"Merry Mad Monks of the DMZ"
2314:. Retrieved December 3, 2006
2105:. Retrieved December 3, 2006
2086:. Retrieved December 3, 2006
2067:. Retrieved December 3, 2006
1697:. Retrieved December 3, 2006
1402:International Business Times
1360:최, 수향 (September 20, 2018).
1108:crossed the demarcation line
929:In December 1994 an unarmed
294:
242:Among the provisions of the
176:between North Korea and the
7:
3779:Aftermath of the Korean War
2672:K. J. Kwon (July 5, 2012).
2310:September 28, 2007, at the
2207:September 28, 2007, at the
2101:September 28, 2007, at the
2082:September 28, 2007, at the
2063:September 28, 2007, at the
1976:Military History Detachment
1915:The San Francisco Chronicle
1693:September 28, 2007, at the
1131:
581:
260:Chinese People's Volunteers
194:
152:, often referred to as the
126:
112:
10:
3805:
2527:U.S. Department of Defense
2357:Army Historical Foundation
1623:December 30, 2006, at the
1322:송, 상호 (October 25, 2018).
1114:
967:and leader of North Korea
815:Korean axe murder incident
244:Korean Armistice Agreement
224:Korean Armistice Agreement
21:Joint Security Area (film)
18:
3774:Korean Demilitarized Zone
3556:. Uso.org. Archived from
2381:Christian Science Monitor
1125:Military Demarcation Line
1076:with North Korean leader
705:Commander Lloyd M. Bucher
273:
264:Military Demarcation Line
162:Korean Demilitarized Zone
119:
105:
72:
56:
51:
35:
30:
3715:interactive virtual tour
3514:August 19, 2006, at the
2889:CNN (Cable News Network)
1096:
1084:(two former Presidents,
1011:2018 inter-Korean summit
1000:Inter-Korean Peace House
951:and North Korean leader
938:
896:
854:
809:Major Henderson Incident
799:South Korean Red Crosses
745:
707:and his 81 crewmen from
683:
662:21 Americans, one Briton
594:
526:History and major events
316:
299:
228:North Korea Peace Museum
113:Gongdong Gyeongbi Guyeok
1035:On September 19, 2018,
1009:On April 27, 2018, the
947:South Korean President
609:Operation Little Switch
558:converting this section
3750:37.95583°N 126.67667°E
3554:"Panmunjom (Dmz) Tour"
2287:"After They Defect..."
1993:July 16, 2007, at the
1030:Kim and Moon met again
972:
956:
875:senior members of the
819:United Nations Command
755:
623:, April–September 1953
604:
479:
454:
252:United Nations Command
232:United Nations Command
205:
178:United Nations Command
141:
127:Kongdong Kyŏngbi Kuyŏk
3005:Newsinfo.inquirer.net
2772:. November 13, 2017.
2710:. AFP. June 8, 2013.
2437:on September 27, 2011
1604:July 5, 2007, at the
962:
946:
833:Operation Paul Bunyan
753:
602:
476:
452:
202:
138:
46:Hall, in North Korea.
3355:. October 22, 2018.
3325:. October 22, 2018.
3265:. October 26, 2018.
3244:on October 16, 2018.
3207:. October 18, 2018.
3177:. October 17, 2018.
1828:. October 25, 2018.
1509:. November 6, 2018.
1441:. October 19, 2018.
1272:on October 25, 2018.
1004:2018 Winter Olympics
621:Operation Big Switch
311:Unification Pavilion
256:Korean People's Army
107:Revised Romanization
3755:37.95583; 126.67667
3746: /
3665:The Daily Telegraph
3635:. Members.aol.com.
3613:on October 23, 2012
3582:. Hcs.harvard.edu.
2864:on January 16, 2005
2619:. August 20, 2010.
2364:on August 15, 2017.
2230:. January 3, 2018.
2147:Doosan Encyclopedia
2122:. February 16, 1970
1802:on October 26, 2018
1744:on August 10, 2010.
1665:. Members.aol.com.
1226:on October 25, 2018
872:Axe murder incident
837:Richard G. Stilwell
716:Bridge of No Return
633:Bridge of No Return
289:Bridge of No Return
189:Bridge of No Return
146:Joint Security Area
31:Joint Security Area
3696:has generic name (
3426:The New York Times
3238:Washingtonpost.com
2769:The New York Times
2684:on August 20, 2012
2496:The New York Times
2404:The New York Times
2291:The New York Times
2259:The New York Times
2120:Milwaukee Sentinel
1883:The New York Times
1570:The New York Times
1367:Yonhap News Agency
1329:Yonhap News Agency
1266:Washingtonpost.com
1102:On July 18, 2023,
991:In November 2017,
973:
957:
756:
605:
560:, if appropriate.
480:
455:
206:
142:
19:For the film, see
3419:(June 30, 2019).
2921:on April 27, 2018
2649:. July 28, 2015.
2589:. July 21, 2015.
2559:. July 21, 2015.
2407:. July 30, 1989.
2387:on March 1, 2016.
2262:. July 15, 1977.
1862:978-0-7391-0763-8
1538:The Straits Times
1482:on March 27, 2019
1476:Stars and Stripes
1028:On May 26, 2018,
579:
578:
133:
132:
121:McCune–Reischauer
3796:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3724:
3702:
3701:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3528:"DMZ Tour Guide"
3524:
3518:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3417:Crowley, Michael
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3378:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3240:. Archived from
3230:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2947:. May 26, 2018.
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2917:. Archived from
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2860:. Archived from
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2680:. Archived from
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2466:. July 5, 2012.
2456:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2383:. Archived from
2372:
2366:
2365:
2360:. Archived from
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2218:
2212:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2093:
2087:
2074:
2068:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1943:. Archives.gov.
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1798:. Archived from
1792:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1759:
1746:
1745:
1740:. Archived from
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1714:on June 14, 2013
1704:
1698:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1633:
1627:
1615:
1609:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1560:
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1551:
1549:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1503:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1478:. Archived from
1468:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1393:
1384:
1383:
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1345:
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1341:
1319:
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1285:
1274:
1273:
1268:. Archived from
1258:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1222:. Archived from
1216:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1167:. Spacewar.com.
1161:
848:CH-47 helicopter
846:In 1977, a U.S.
761:Korean Air Lines
739:
738:
734:
731:
574:
571:
565:
556:You can help by
538:
537:
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430:
417:
405:
393:
381:
369:
357:
334:Neutral or Joint
306:Phanmun Pavilion
217:
216:
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185:prisoners of war
129:
115:
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67:
66:
40:
28:
27:
3804:
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3552:
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3537:
3535:
3530:. Tourdmz.com.
3526:
3525:
3521:
3516:Wayback Machine
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3490:. July 18, 2023
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3293:Pulsenews.co.kr
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2708:Daily Telegraph
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2016:
2014:
2005:
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2000:
1995:Wayback Machine
1986:
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963:U.S. President
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345:Major landmarks
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3709:External links
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3597:
3571:
3560:on May 8, 2008
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1639:. Debito.org.
1628:
1610:
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1294:Thetimes.co.uk
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1074:separately met
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254:(UNC) and the
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3381:NEWS, KYODO.
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3175:Bloomberg.com
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2012:
2008:
2002:
1996:
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1989:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1962:
1946:
1942:
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1138:Daeseong-dong
1136:
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1129:
1126:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:. Trump then
1071:
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1059:
1055:
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1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
993:Oh Chong-song
990:
986:
983:
979:
975:
974:
970:
966:
961:
954:
950:
945:
932:
928:
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917:
916:
912:
911:
906:
905:
901:
900:
890:
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883:
878:
873:
868:
867:Bert Mizusawa
863:
859:
858:
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831:
828:
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820:
816:
813:
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651:
642:
641:
640:
638:
634:
630:
629:Sachong River
622:
619:
618:
617:
610:
607:
606:
601:
592:
588:
573:
564:is available.
563:
559:
553:
552:
548:
543:This section
541:
532:
531:
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519:
515:
513:
508:
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491:
487:
485:
475:
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429:
424:
416:
411:
404:
399:
392:
387:
380:
375:
368:
363:
356:
351:
350:
339:T1 through T3
338:
337:
329:
326:
324:
323:Freedom House
321:
320:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
292:
290:
284:
282:
271:
267:
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261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
238:Establishment
235:
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229:
225:
221:
201:
192:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
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154:Truce Village
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55:
50:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3731:
3694:|first=
3676:February 20,
3674:. Retrieved
3663:
3653:
3643:November 28,
3641:. Retrieved
3627:
3617:November 28,
3615:. Retrieved
3611:the original
3600:
3590:November 28,
3588:. Retrieved
3574:
3564:November 28,
3562:. Retrieved
3558:the original
3548:
3538:November 28,
3536:. Retrieved
3522:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3478:
3466:. Retrieved
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3424:
3413:Baker, Peter
3407:
3397:February 20,
3395:. Retrieved
3386:
3363:February 20,
3361:. Retrieved
3352:
3343:
3333:February 20,
3331:. Retrieved
3322:
3313:
3303:February 20,
3301:. Retrieved
3292:
3283:
3273:February 20,
3271:. Retrieved
3262:
3242:the original
3237:
3215:February 20,
3213:. Retrieved
3204:
3195:
3185:February 20,
3183:. Retrieved
3174:
3152:February 20,
3150:. Retrieved
3141:
3131:
3107:February 20,
3105:. Retrieved
3097:The Diplomat
3096:
3086:
3076:February 20,
3074:. Retrieved
3065:
3055:
3045:February 20,
3043:. Retrieved
3034:
3025:
3015:February 20,
3013:. Retrieved
3004:
2995:
2985:February 20,
2983:. Retrieved
2974:
2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2919:the original
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2888:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2862:the original
2852:
2842:February 20,
2840:. Retrieved
2821:
2811:November 16,
2809:. Retrieved
2801:The Guardian
2800:
2790:
2780:November 13,
2778:. Retrieved
2767:
2758:
2748:February 26,
2746:. Retrieved
2738:The Guardian
2737:
2728:
2718:February 26,
2716:. Retrieved
2707:
2698:
2688:September 8,
2686:. Retrieved
2682:the original
2677:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2616:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
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