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In 2017, as the commanding general in
Afghanistan, Nicholson, drew attention when he said in a press conference that his command “continued to get reports of” Russian assistance to the Taliban, including weapons — something that was the subject of internal debate within the intelligence community at
407:
in 2016 that "Since 9/11, the U.S. campaign in
Afghanistan has largely defined my service." He assumed command from General John F. Campbell on March 2, 2016. Nicholson was given command of the Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan, amid a worsening security situation. Nicholson apologized in
442:
strongpoint in the Pekha Valley of
Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. Afghan ground forces requested the airstrike when they were unable to enter the area because of IS attacks from multiple tunnels. The MOAB destroyed the IS strongpoint and enabled a successful offensive push deep into IS-held
618:
Middle East’s Global Meets Local list. The list ranked business executives leading operations for the world's largest companies in the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) region, based on factors such as the impact and scope of their role, business size, personal achievements, and public
446:
During the first eight months of the Trump
Administration in 2017, his recommendations were incorporated into the South Asia Strategy which was announced by President Trump on 17 Aug 2017. The strategy resulted in a pressure campaign on the enemy and their sponsors.
458:. At the ceremony, Nicholson was praised as a “warrior-diplomat”. His leadership and close relations with Afghan leaders were key to brokering the first universal ceasefire of the war in June 2018 and helped enable the launch of the subsequent peace initiative.
1601:
2689:
2679:
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1428:
1924:
1979:
1593:
2361:"Stock Photo – Berlin, Germany. 11th May, 2019. US General John William Nicholson speaks to the guests on the sidelines of the performance of a serenade, which is performed as a thank you for"
1873:
1719:
1531:
1773:
1950:
1903:
403:, having led the 41-nation NATO-led Resolute Support Mission and United States Forces-Afghanistan for two and a half years from March 2016 to September 2018. Nicholson told the
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2191:
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462:
376:
1405:
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in the Middle East, with responsibility for strategy, operations, and growth in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, and
Pakistan.
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505:
466:
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1971:
1313:
523:
2060:
1865:
470:
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578:
577:
On
October 17, 2020, Nicholson was the keynote speaker for the unveiling of the statue The Pledge, which honors women in the military, at the
341:
1541:
1765:
250:
234:
forces in
Afghanistan until 2021, having been the senior officer in theatre for 2 years, 6 months. He was previously commanding general,
1942:
289:
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1895:
1024:
477:, to include the Ambassadors to NATO, Chiefs of Defense, Defense Ministers, Foreign Ministers, and Heads of State of the Alliance.
2002:
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occurred. He went on to serve in
Afghanistan for six years. He commanded companies in the 82nd Airborne Division and the
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34:
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where he was known as "Nick". Over the years, this nickname gradually became "Mick". In 1982, he graduated from
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188:
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516:
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On
October 28, 2020, it was announced that Nicholson would receive the 2020 Outstanding Service Award from
574:
On
February 21, 2020, Nicholson was the closing speaker at the St. Petersburg Conference on World Affairs.
568:
2167:
567:
On September 10, 2019, Nicholson gave a presentation on war and leadership to students and faculty at the
2421:
582:
450:
On September 2, 2018, Nicholson relinquished command of the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission to General
1363:
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1219:
1190:
420:
416:
227:
113:
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1673:
1594:"Meet the next commander in Afghanistan, who has deeper experience there than almost any U.S. general"
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2524:
1076:
1050:
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755:
409:
30:
2318:
637:
549:
223:
141:
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1039:
361:
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131:
1503:
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1116:
702:
246:, also a retired general officer in the United States Army, and is distantly related to British
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1199:
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863:
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722:
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between retired American and Russian senior officials in the military and intelligence fields.
501:
474:
380:
369:
302:
239:
151:
1307:
1347:
843:
2168:"S.Hrg. 115-802 — An Update on American Diplomacy to Advance Our National Security Strategy"
1355:
2654:
2273:"'Time for This War in Afghanistan to End,' Says Departing U.S. Commander (Published 2018)"
1742:"'Time for This War in Afghanistan to End,' Says Departing U.S. Commander (Published 2018)"
1720:"A Department of Defense Press Briefing by General Nicholson via teleconference from Kabul"
1322:
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822:
660:
527:
337:
329:
67:
2305:"Bounties Are Part of Moscow's Aid to the Taliban, Current and Former Intel Officials Say"
1142:
8:
1233:
533:
On May 18, 2019, Nicholson gave the commencement address to the 2019 graduating class of
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93:
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211:
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2010:
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1267:
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970:
428:
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310:
247:
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198:
2337:"Retired Four-Star General John W. Nicholson, Jr. Named PenFed Foundation President"
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1156:
431:
to Afghan forces, and received an increase in US force levels at the close of 2016.
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1626:
1330:
1290:
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855:
557:
451:
277:
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1033:
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601:
538:
526:
on the 70th anniversary of the Berlin Airlift from then Germany Defense Minister
193:
2136:"U.S. Drops 'Mother of All Bombs' on ISIS Caves in Afghanistan (Published 2017)"
1429:"Opinion The U.S. must respond forcefully to Russia and the Taliban. Here's how"
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1056:
611:, a public co-educational institution based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
1241:
561:
424:
423:
in 2016, the U.S. conducted a strike in Pakistan which killed the Taliban Emir
2381:
1339:
733:
716:
2648:
2284:
2225:
2147:
2014:
1896:"Gen. John 'Mick' Nicholson takes command of U.S.-NATO forces in Afghanistan"
1491:
1440:
1387:
Register of Graduates and Former Cadets of the United States Military Academy
1258:
801:
688:
542:
481:
the time but appears to have been validated by media reporting in July 2020.
435:
388:
321:
262:
461:
Nicholson has testified before the following Congressional Committees: The
2192:"South Asia Strategy Provides 'Path to Win' in Afghanistan, Commander Says"
1532:"General from Baltimore County heads up Trump's new Afghanistan war effort"
1134:
950:
325:
2690:
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
2383:
Remarks by General John W. Nicholson, Jr., USA (Ret.) at IWP Commencement
1943:"US General Apologizes in Person for Bombing MSF Hospital in Afghanistan"
921:
294:
269:(like his father had before him) and was commissioned into the infantry.
219:
2214:"Trump's Afghan Gamble Now Rests on General He Doubted (Published 2017)"
956:
2627:
2246:"Change of Command at NATO-led Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan"
2036:"Exclusive: Obama approves broader role for U.S. forces in Afghanistan"
1972:"US and Nato commander apologizes for Médecins Sans Frontières bombing"
1699:"Change of Command at NATO-led Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan"
1298:
652:
282:
266:
2061:"Obama Approves Expanded US Airstrikes against Taliban in Afghanistan"
1227:
763:
2003:"US drone strike in Pakistan kills Taliban leader Mullah Mansoor -GB"
1017:
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963:
934:
927:
905:
898:
891:
884:
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In October 2022, Nicholson was appointed to the Board of Trustees of
438:(MOAB), the largest non-nuclear munition in the US inventory, on an
2111:"Afghan official: 94 ISIS fighters killed by 'mother of all bombs'"
1866:"New U.S. General Takes Command of Coalition Forces in Afghanistan"
345:
2680:
United States Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
2549:"Khalifa University - Organizational Leadership in Abu Dhabi, UAE"
1820:"NATO Secretary General welcomes change of command in Afghanistan"
1247:
352:
he commanded the Army's first Stryker Infantry Battalion, 1st Bn
2471:"Arlington National Cemetery Has A New Monument To Servicewomen"
2108:
2000:
1649:"Major General John W. Nicholson Jr. – Resolute Support Mission"
600:
Since December 2021, Nicholson has served as Chief Executive of
615:
674:
646:
455:
226:
from March 2, 2016, to September 2, 2018, succeeding General
548:
On June 17, 2019, Nicholson was given an Honorary Degree of
2447:"Speakers – The St. Petersburg Conference on World Affairs"
2085:"A timeline of U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan since 2001"
1766:"Army's Nicholson: Career 'largely defined' by Afghanistan"
231:
815:
742:
10th Mountain Division Combat Service Identification Badge
614:
In November 2022, Nicholson was included in the Top 10 on
497:
Nicholson is an adjunct faculty member on leadership with
1795:"Lieutenant General John Nicholson Confirmation Hearing"
1301:
for former Yugoslavia and Afghanistan with service star
695:
Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
301:
Shortly after his commissioning, he was assigned to the
1459:
631:
2500:"Canine Companions For Independence Salutes Veterans"
383:
in 2012. In 2014 Nicholson took control of the NATO
377:
Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization
1402:"US General: Taliban Won't Capture a City by Winter"
473:. He participated in numerous sessions of the NATO
1841:"Top US Commander in Afghanistan to Face Lawmakers"
1623:"NATO PA - Lieutenant General John W. NICHOLSON Jr"
399:Nicholson was the longest-serving commander of the
1498:The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 2001–2014
1495:
463:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
2001:Jon Boone; Sune Engel Rasmussen in (2016-05-22).
1462:"Change of Command at NATO's Allied Land Command"
1314:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
519:Foundation for Military Heroes as its president.
434:In April 2017, he authorized the dropping of the
2646:
1525:
1523:
524:Knight Commander's Cross, Great Cross with Star
488:John Nicholson Jr. and Bailey Hutchison at NATO
756:75th Ranger Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia
293:Nicholson speaks with U.S. Secretary of State
1925:"Nicholson Nominated as Next Afghan War Head"
1490:
2319:"St. Petersburg Conference On World Affairs"
2134:Cooper, Helene; Mashal, Mujib (2017-04-13).
2133:
1520:
1354:
1338:
1321:
800:
786:
732:
977:and oak leaf cluster (one award for Valor)
394:
281:Nicholson greets U.S. Secretary of Defense
256:
15:
2398:"FAUAF held its 2019 Annual Awards Dinner"
230:. He was the longest-serving commander of
66:
16:
622:
375:Nicholson was the deputy director of the
1556:
522:On May 12, 2019, Nicholson received the
483:
288:
276:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
2033:
595:
492:
320:Nicholson was a strategist for General
238:from October 2014 and commander of the
14:
2647:
2270:
2211:
2109:Ehsan Popalzai and Laura Smith-Spark.
1982:from the original on 18 September 2019
1739:
1529:
2665:United States Military Academy alumni
2266:
2264:
2262:
2129:
2127:
1876:from the original on 20 February 2020
1502:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p.
1426:
1206:Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
467:Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
222:(USFOR-A) and the 41-nation NATO-led
155:1st Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment
2058:
1646:
515:In April 2019, Nicholson joined the
1562:
852:Defense Distinguished Service Medal
781:German Parachutist badge in bronze
726:Combat Service Identification Badge
408:person for U.S. involvement in the
179:Defense Distinguished Service Medal
48:
2596:
2571:
2259:
2124:
1472:from the original on 29 March 2015
1106:Army Meritorious Unit Commendation
590:Canine Companions for Independence
554:American University of Afghanistan
427:, made more extensive use of U.S.
415:His command spanned the Obama and
366:3rd Brigade Combat Team “Spartans”
49:
2701:
2675:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
2619:
1565:"New Commander for 82nd Airborne"
990:Defense Meritorious Service Medal
872:with one bronze oak leaf cluster
218:who last commanded U.S. Forces –
208:John William "Mick" Nicholson Jr.
164:United States invasion of Grenada
72:General John W. Nicholson in 2017
1306:
1289:
1283:
1266:
1246:
1240:
1226:
1212:
1198:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1149:Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
1141:
1121:
1115:
1098:
1081:
1075:
1055:
1049:
1032:
1016:
1009:
1002:
996:
982:
962:
955:
949:
933:
926:
920:
904:
897:
890:
883:
877:
870:Army Distinguished Service Medal
862:
842:
836:
814:
774:
762:
748:
715:
701:
687:
673:
659:
645:
630:
210:(born May 8, 1957) is a retired
185:Army Distinguished Service Medal
145:United States Forces Afghanistan
2590:
2565:
2541:
2517:
2492:
2481:from the original on 2021-01-18
2463:
2439:
2414:
2390:
2374:
2353:
2329:
2311:
2297:
2238:
2205:
2184:
2160:
2102:
2077:
2052:
2027:
1994:
1964:
1953:from the original on 2018-06-16
1935:
1917:
1906:from the original on 2019-01-14
1888:
1858:
1847:from the original on 2016-08-04
1833:
1812:
1801:from the original on 2019-04-29
1787:
1776:from the original on 2020-01-21
1758:
1733:
1712:
1691:
1680:from the original on 2019-03-07
1666:
1655:from the original on 2016-08-15
1640:
1604:from the original on 2020-03-09
1575:from the original on 2019-07-12
1408:from the original on 8 May 2017
709:Army Staff Identification Badge
471:Senate Armed Services Committee
419:. During the final year of the
405:Senate Armed Services Committee
336:in Germany and later served in
261:Growing up, Nicholson attended
2641:General John W. Nicholson, Jr.
2091:. Associated Press. 2017-08-08
1927:. Defense News. Archived from
1674:"All Americans change command"
1615:
1586:
1530:Duncan, Ian (25 August 2017).
1484:
1453:
1420:
1394:
1378:
1364:French National Order of Merit
1274:NATO Meritorious Service Medal
1131:National Defense Service Medal
913:Defense Superior Service Medal
189:Defense Superior Service Medal
13:
1:
2637:"Official Military Biography"
1460:SHAPE Public Affairs Office.
1371:
1027:with three oak leaf clusters
508:Elbe Group, which sustains a
504:and is a member of Harvard's
379:. He became commander of the
2670:Georgetown University alumni
2271:Mashal, Mujib (2018-09-02).
2212:Mashal, Mujib (2017-08-25).
2194:. U.S. Department of Defense
2059:Sisk, Richard (2016-06-10).
2034:Stewart, Phil (2016-06-10).
1740:Mashal, Mujib (2018-09-02).
1722:. U.S. Department of Defense
1625:. 2016-03-28. Archived from
1255:Army Overseas Service Ribbon
1091:Joint Meritorious Unit Award
915:with four oak leaf clusters
569:American University of Paris
346:Sarajevo, Bosnia Hercegovina
7:
2685:United States Army generals
2422:""War, Leadership and You""
1316:, Knight Commander's Cross
944:with two oak leaf clusters
809:Egyptian Parachutist Badge
583:Arlington National Cemetery
535:Institute of World Politics
10:
2706:
2451:worldaffairsconference.com
1978:. Reuters. 22 March 2016.
1220:Armed Forces Service Medal
1191:Afghanistan Campaign Medal
795:Italian Parachutist Badge
436:Massive Ordnance Air Blast
309:in 1983 where he earned a
242:. Nicholson is the son of
114:United States Army Reserve
2599:"Global Meets Local 2022"
2574:"Global Meets Local 2022"
1466:Allied Command Operations
1025:Meritorious Service Medal
769:French Parachutist Badge
579:Military Women's Memorial
410:Kunduz hospital airstrike
330:75th Ranger Regiment
272:
173:
159:
137:
127:
119:
107:
99:
77:
65:
58:
2323:World Affairs Conference
1193:with four service stars
667:Master Parachutist Badge
638:Combat Infantryman Badge
550:Doctor of Humane Letters
395:Commander in Afghanistan
332:. He was a major in the
305:and deployed during the
257:Early life and education
244:John W. "Jack" Nicholson
224:Resolute Support Mission
142:Resolute Support Mission
31:latest accepted revision
2628:"NATO Resolute Support"
1348:Polish Afghanistan Star
1331:French LĂ©gion d'honneur
1040:Army Commendation Medal
2525:"John W. Nicholson Jr"
1359:
1343:
1326:
1093:with oak leaf cluster
1067:with oak leaf cluster
1065:Army Achievement Medal
805:
791:
737:
723:82nd Airborne Division
623:Awards and decorations
502:John F. Kennedy School
489:
475:North Atlantic Council
381:82nd Airborne Division
370:10th Mountain Division
298:
286:
240:82nd Airborne Division
152:82nd Airborne Division
1358:
1342:
1325:
823:Overseas Service Bars
804:
790:
736:
487:
417:Trump administrations
334:3rd Infantry Division
292:
285:, Kabul, 12 July 2016
280:
120:Years of service
60:John W. Nicholson Jr.
2386:– via YouTube.
1900:The Washington Times
1843:. Voice of America.
1404:. Voice of America.
596:Corporate leadership
528:Ursula von der Leyen
499:Harvard University's
493:Post-military career
421:Obama administration
2341:PenFed Credit Union
1598:The Washington Post
1427:Nicholson, John W.
1234:Army Service Ribbon
560:and General (Ret.)
558:David M. Rubenstein
452:Austin Scott Miller
385:Allied Land Command
364:, he commanded the
307:invasion of Grenada
236:Allied Land Command
148:Allied Land Command
94:Baltimore, Maryland
21:Page version status
2553:Khalifa University
2529:lockheedmartin.com
2277:The New York Times
2218:The New York Times
2140:The New York Times
1931:on March 28, 2016.
1870:The New York Times
1746:The New York Times
1360:
1344:
1327:
806:
792:
738:
609:Khalifa University
510:Track Two dialogue
490:
456:Kabul, Afghanistan
401:War in Afghanistan
350:lieutenant colonel
299:
287:
212:United States Army
168:War in Afghanistan
27:
2504:Medford, NY Patch
2402:friendsofauaf.org
1537:The Baltimore Sun
1513:978-0-544-04568-2
1369:
1368:
971:Bronze Star Medal
828:
827:
454:at a ceremony in
360:Washington. As a
311:Bronze Star Medal
248:brigadier general
205:
204:
199:Bronze Star Medal
51:U.S. Army general
18:
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2209:
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2200:
2199:
2188:
2182:
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2178:
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2158:
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2154:
2131:
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2100:
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2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1872:. 3 March 2016.
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1610:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
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1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1540:. Archived from
1527:
1518:
1517:
1501:
1494:(8 April 2014).
1488:
1482:
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1479:
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640:(Second Award)
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602:Lockheed Martin
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629:
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619:recognition.
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543:Doctor of Law
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351:
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322:Eric Shinseki
318:
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303:82nd Airborne
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263:Gilman School
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103:United States
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90:(age 67)
80:
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69:
64:
57:
54:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
2606:. Retrieved
2603:Forbes Lists
2602:
2592:
2581:. Retrieved
2578:Forbes Lists
2577:
2567:
2556:. Retrieved
2552:
2543:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:
2519:
2508:. Retrieved
2506:. 2020-10-27
2503:
2494:
2483:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:
2441:
2430:. Retrieved
2428:. 2019-09-12
2425:
2416:
2405:. Retrieved
2401:
2392:
2382:
2376:
2365:. Retrieved
2355:
2344:. Retrieved
2340:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2299:
2288:. Retrieved
2276:
2250:. Retrieved
2240:
2229:. Retrieved
2217:
2207:
2196:. Retrieved
2186:
2175:. Retrieved
2172:congress.gov
2171:
2162:
2151:. Retrieved
2139:
2115:. Retrieved
2104:
2093:. Retrieved
2088:
2079:
2068:. Retrieved
2065:Military.com
2064:
2054:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2029:
2018:. Retrieved
2007:The Guardian
2006:
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1976:The Guardian
1975:
1966:
1955:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1929:the original
1919:
1908:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1869:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1835:
1824:. Retrieved
1814:
1803:. Retrieved
1789:
1778:. Retrieved
1769:
1760:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:
1735:
1724:. Retrieved
1714:
1703:. Retrieved
1693:
1682:. Retrieved
1668:
1657:. Retrieved
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1617:
1606:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1577:. Retrieved
1569:military.com
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:the original
1535:
1497:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1465:
1455:
1444:. Retrieved
1432:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1396:
1386:
1380:
1333:, Chevalier
1257:with bronze
1135:service star
613:
606:
599:
587:
576:
573:
566:
547:
532:
521:
514:
496:
479:
460:
449:
445:
433:
414:
398:
374:
326:9/11 attacks
319:
300:
297:in July 2018
260:
207:
206:
160:Battles/wars
53:
39:15 July 2024
38:
29:This is the
23:
2655:1957 births
429:air support
295:Mike Pompeo
220:Afghanistan
88:May 8, 1957
2649:Categories
2608:2023-05-05
2583:2023-05-05
2558:2023-05-05
2534:2022-12-17
2510:2021-02-12
2485:2021-02-12
2456:2021-02-12
2432:2021-01-28
2407:2021-01-28
2367:2021-01-28
2346:2021-01-21
2290:2020-12-23
2252:2020-12-23
2231:2020-12-17
2198:2020-12-17
2177:2020-12-17
2153:2020-12-10
2117:2020-12-10
2095:2020-12-02
2070:2020-12-02
2045:2020-12-02
2020:2020-12-02
1957:2020-05-07
1910:2020-05-07
1851:2020-05-07
1826:2020-12-02
1805:2020-05-07
1797:. C-SPAN.
1780:2020-05-07
1751:2020-11-30
1726:2020-11-30
1705:2020-11-30
1684:2020-05-07
1659:2020-05-07
1647:MMillham.
1633:2021-11-15
1608:2020-05-07
1579:2020-05-07
1446:2021-02-25
1372:References
1299:NATO Medal
975:"V" Device
653:Ranger tab
556:alongside
469:, and the
358:Fort Lewis
315:"V" device
283:Ash Carter
267:West Point
214:four-star
100:Allegiance
84:1957-05-08
2625:Official
2285:0362-4331
2226:0362-4331
2148:0362-4331
2015:0261-3077
1947:VICE News
1441:0190-8286
443:terrain.
324:when the
123:1982–2018
2479:Archived
1980:Archived
1951:Archived
1904:Archived
1874:Archived
1845:Archived
1799:Archived
1774:Archived
1678:Archived
1676:. ISAF.
1653:Archived
1651:. NATO.
1602:Archived
1573:Archived
1548:4 August
1470:Archived
1468:. NATO.
1412:13 April
1406:Archived
138:Commands
108:Service/
35:reviewed
2426:aup.edu
2040:Reuters
1770:Stripes
1390:. 1991.
592:(CCI).
552:by the
368:of the
362:colonel
348:. As a
216:general
132:General
2283:
2248:. NATO
2224:
2146:
2013:
1822:. NATO
1701:. NATO
1510:
1476:1 June
1439:
616:Forbes
517:PenFed
465:, the
273:Career
174:Awards
110:branch
2475:DCist
2113:. CNN
1986:7 May
1880:7 May
973:with
313:with
2632:site
2281:ISSN
2222:ISSN
2144:ISSN
2011:ISSN
1988:2020
1882:2020
1550:2022
1508:ISBN
1478:2015
1437:ISSN
1414:2017
440:ISIS
342:SFOR
338:IFOR
232:NATO
128:Rank
78:Born
1504:115
821:12
581:at
541:of
387:in
344:in
201:(2)
196:(3)
191:(5)
181:(2)
37:on
2651::
2601:.
2576:.
2551:.
2527:.
2502:.
2477:.
2473:.
2449:.
2424:.
2400:.
2339:.
2321:.
2279:.
2275:.
2261:^
2220:.
2216:.
2170:.
2142:.
2138:.
2126:^
2087:.
2063:.
2038:.
2009:.
2005:.
1974:.
1949:.
1945:.
1902:.
1898:.
1868:.
1772:.
1768:.
1744:.
1600:.
1596:.
1571:.
1567:.
1534:.
1522:^
1506:.
1464:.
1435:.
1431:.
1261:4
585:.
571:.
564:.
545:.
530:.
412:.
391:.
372:.
317:.
253:.
86:)
33:,
2639:.
2630:.
2611:.
2586:.
2561:.
2537:.
2513:.
2488:.
2459:.
2435:.
2410:.
2370:.
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2325:.
2307:.
2293:.
2255:.
2234:.
2201:.
2180:.
2156:.
2120:.
2098:.
2073:.
2048:.
2023:.
1990:.
1960:.
1913:.
1884:.
1854:.
1829:.
1808:.
1783:.
1754:.
1729:.
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