John Hay - Knowledge

6308: 2226:, alternates parts in which Lincoln is at center with discussions of contextual matters, such as legislative events or battles. The first serial installment, published in November 1886, received positive reviews. When the ten-volume set emerged in 1890, it was not sold in bookstores, but instead door-to-door, then a common practice. Despite a price of $ 50, and the fact that a good part of the work had been serialized, five thousand copies were quickly sold. The books helped forge the modern view of Lincoln as great war leader, against competing narratives that gave more credit to subordinates such as Seward. According to historian Joshua Zeitz, "it is easy to forget how widely underrated Lincoln the president and Lincoln the man were at the time of his death and how successful Hay and Nicolay were in elevating his place in the nation's collective historical memory." 1414:

papers, dated December 26 (most likely 1896) reveals the former's suggestion that McKinley tell Reid that the editor's friends had insisted that Reid not endanger his health through office, especially in London's smoggy climes. The following month, in a letter, Hay set forth his own case for the ambassadorship, and urged McKinley to act quickly, as suitable accommodations in London would be difficult to secure. Hay gained his object (as did Hanna), and shifted his focus to appeasing Reid. Taliaferro states that Reid never blamed Hay, but Kushner and Sherrill recorded, "Reid was certain that he had been wronged" by Hay, and the announcement of Hay's appointment nearly ended their 26-year friendship.

2156: 1886:

commission was to be composed of "impartial jurists" and the British and Canadians duly appointed notable judges. Roosevelt appointed politicians, including Secretary Root and Senator Lodge. Although Hay was supportive of the President's choices in public, in private he protested loudly to Roosevelt, complained by letter to his friends, and offered his resignation. Roosevelt declined it, but the incident confirmed him in his belief that Hay was too much of an Anglophile to be trusted where Britain was concerned. The American position on the boundary dispute was imposed on Canada by a 4–2 vote, with the one English judge joining the three Americans.

1770:(between the United States and Britain) forbade the United States from building a Central American canal that it exclusively controlled, and Hay, from early in his tenure, sought the removal of this restriction. But the Canadians, for whose foreign policy Britain was still available, saw the canal matter as their greatest leverage to get other disputes resolved in their favor, persuaded Salisbury not to resolve it independently. Shortly before Hay took office, Britain and the U.S. agreed to establish a Joint High Commission to adjudicate unsettled matters, which met in late 1898 but made slow progress, especially on the Canada-Alaska boundary. 1663:

July 3, 1900, suspecting that the powers were quietly making private arrangements to divide up China. Communication between the foreign legations and the outside world had been cut off, and the personnel there were falsely presumed slaughtered, but Hay realized that Minister Wu could get a message in, and Hay was able to establish communication. Hay suggested to the Chinese government that it now cooperate for its own good. When the foreign relief force, principally Japanese but including 2,000 Americans, relieved the legations and sacked Peking, China was made to pay a huge indemnity but there was no cession of land.

1278: 6503: 1100: 1521:. One of McKinley's Canton cronies, with little experience of statecraft, Day was never intended as more than a temporary wartime replacement. With America about to splash her flag across the Pacific, McKinley needed a secretary with stronger credentials. On August 14, 1898, Hay received a telegram from McKinley that Day would head the American delegation to the peace talks with Spain, and that Hay would be the new Secretary of State. After some indecision, Hay, who did not think he could decline and still remain as ambassador, accepted. British response to Hay's promotion was generally positive, and 791: 1543: 8019: 7294: 51: 1890: 1732: 729: 1931: 664:

about "the story of Lincoln's offhand appointment of Hay" as fitting well into Hay's self-image of never having been an office-seeker, but "poorly into the realities of Springfield politics of the 1860s"—Hay must have expected some reward for handling Lincoln's correspondence for months. Hay biographer John Taliaferro suggests that Lincoln engaged Nicolay and Hay to assist him, rather than more seasoned men, both "out of loyalty and surely because of the competence and compatibility that his two young aides had demonstrated". Historian

557: 1650:, did not learn of it until he read of it in the newspapers. Among those in China who opposed Western influence there was a movement in Shantung Province, in the north, that became known as the Fists of Righteous Harmony, or Boxers, after the martial arts they practiced. The Boxers were especially angered by missionaries and their converts. As late as June 1900, Rockhill dismissed the Boxers, contending that they would soon disband. By the middle of that month, the Boxers, joined by imperial troops, had cut the railroad between 2235: 2206:

1874 formally agreed to let Hay and Nicolay use his father's papers; by 1875, they were engaged in research. Hay and Nicolay enjoyed exclusive access to Lincoln's papers, which were not opened to other researchers until 1947. They gathered documents written by others, as well as many of the Civil War books already being published. They at rare times relied on memory, such as Nicolay's recollection of the moment at the 1860 Republican convention when Lincoln was nominated, but for much of the rest relied on research.

875:, who had often discussed personal and political matters with him, and the close relationship between the two men was so well known that office-seekers cultivated Hay as a means of getting to Seward. The two men were also motivated to find new jobs by their deteriorating relationship with Mary Lincoln, who sought their ouster, and by Nicolay's desire to wed his intended—he could not bring a bride to his shared room at the White House. They remained at the White House pending the arrival and training of replacements. 1392: 1482:: McKinley had promised silver-leaning Republicans to seek an international agreement varying the price ratio between silver and gold to allow for free coinage of silver, and Hay was instructed to seek British participation. The British would only join if the Indian colonial government (on a silver standard until 1893) was willing; this did not occur, and coupled with an improving economic situation that decreased support for bimetallism in the United States, no agreement was reached. 6170: 2292: 2269: 1946:, its chair, read the first sentence of the cable—and only the first sentence—to the convention, electrifying what had been a humdrum coronation of Roosevelt. "The results were perfect. This was the fighting Teddy that America loved, and his frenzied supporters—and American chauvinists everywhere—roared in delight." In fact, by then the sultan had already agreed to the demands, and Perdicaris was released. What was seen as tough talk boosted Roosevelt's election chances. 1466:

these points, "The great body of people in the United States and England are friends ... that intense respect and reverence for order, liberty, and law which is so profound a sentiment in both countries". Although Hay was not successful in resolving specific controversies in his year and a third as ambassador, both he and British policymakers regarded his tenure as a success, because of the advancement of good feelings and cooperation between the two nations.

1597:-for use as military bases or trading centers. Within those jurisdictions, the nation in possession often gave preference to its own citizens in trade or in developing infrastructure such as railroads. Although the United States did not claim any parts of China, a third of the China trade was carried in American ships, and having an outpost near there was a major factor in deciding to retain the former Spanish colony of the Philippines in the Treaty of Paris. 368: 1624:, a British Member of Parliament who gave a number of speeches to American businessmen, met with McKinley and Hay, and in a letter to the secretary stated that "it is imperative for American interests as well as our own that the policy of the 'open door' should be maintained". Assuring that all would play on an even playing field in China would give the foreign powers little incentive to dismember the Chinese Empire through territorial acquisition. 8031: 1917:

Carolina, and had accepted Greek naturalization, a fact not generally known until years later, but that decreased Roosevelt's appetite for military action. The sultan was ineffective in dealing with the incident, and Roosevelt considered seizing the Tangier waterfront, source of much of Abdelaziz's income, as a means of motivating him. With Raisuli's demands escalating, Hay, with Roosevelt's approval, finally cabled the consul-general in Tangier,

852:, to meet with them and bring them to Washington. Greeley reported to Lincoln that the emissaries lacked accreditation by Davis, but were confident they could bring both sides together. Lincoln sent Hay to Ontario with what became known as the Niagara Manifesto: that if the South laid down its arms, freed the slaves, and reentered the Union, it could expect liberal terms on other points. The Southerners refused to come to Washington to negotiate. 1274:. The debts were beyond the governor's means to pay, and the possibility of insolvency threatened McKinley's promising political career. Hay was among those Hanna called upon to contribute, buying up $ 3,000 of the debt of over $ 100,000. Although others paid more, "Hay's checks were two of the first, and his touch was more personal, a kindness McKinley never forgot". The governor wrote, "How can I ever repay you & other dear friends?" 915:. The workload was not heavy, and Hay found time to enjoy the pleasures of Paris. When Bigelow resigned in mid-1866, Hay, as was customary, submitted his resignation, though he was asked to remain until Bigelow's successor was in place, and stayed until January 1867. He consulted with Secretary of State Seward, asking him for "anything worth having". Seward suggested the post of Minister to Sweden, but reckoned without the new president, 688: 6327: 2320: 1807:, who still had exclusive rights to the Panama route, lowered their price. Beginning in early 1902, President Roosevelt became a backer of the latter route, and Congress passed legislation for it, if it could be secured within a reasonable time. In June, Roosevelt told Hay to take personal charge of the negotiations with Colombia. Later that year, Hay began talks with Colombia's acting minister in Washington, 1877:, he persuaded the aging and infirm Hay to campaign for him, and Hay gave a speech linking the administration's policies with those of Lincoln: "there is not a principle avowed by the Republican party to-day which is out of harmony with his teaching or inconsistent with his character." Kushner and Sherrill suggested that the differences between Hay and Roosevelt were more style than ideological substance. 1628:

subsequently summarized the thinking of Hippisley and others, that there should be "an open market through China for our trade on terms of equality with all other foreigners". Hay was in agreement, but feared Senate and popular opposition, and wanted to avoid Senate ratification of a treaty. Rockhill drafted the first Open Door note, calling for equality of commercial opportunity for foreigners in China.

7043: 1489:. He met with Lord Salisbury in October 1897 and gained assurances Britain would not intervene if the U.S. found it necessary to go to war against Spain. Hay's role was "to make friends and to pass along the English point of view to Washington". Hay spent much of early 1898 on an extended trip to the Middle East, and did not return to London until the last week of March, by which time the 1410:. Hay knew that with only eight cabinet positions, only one could go to an Ohioan, and so he had no chance for a cabinet post. Accordingly, Hay encouraged Reid to seek the State position, while firmly ruling himself out as a possible candidate for that post, and quietly seeking the inside track to be ambassador in London. Zeitz states that Hay "aggressively lobbied" for the position. 927:. The Vienna post was only temporary, until Johnson could appoint a chargé d'affaires and have him confirmed by the Senate, and the workload was light, allowing Hay, who was fluent in German, to spend much of his time traveling. It was not until July 1868 that Henry Watts became Hay's replacement. Hay resigned, spent the remainder of the summer in Europe, then went home to Warsaw. 1050:. Their marriage in 1874 made the salary attached to office a small consideration for the rest of his life. Amasa Stone needed someone to watch over his investments, and wanted Hay to move to Cleveland to fill the post. Although the Hays initially lived in John's New York apartment and later in a townhouse there, they moved in June 1875 to Stone's ornate home on Cleveland's 8043: 1207:, was $ 73,800, of which Adams paid a third for his lot. Hay budgeted the construction cost at $ 50,000; his ornate, 12,000 square feet (1,100 m) mansion eventually cost over twice that. Despite their possession of two lavish houses, the Hays spent less than half the year in Washington and only a few weeks a year in Cleveland. They also spent time at 1497:

that the British were kept "in the loop" with regards to the U.S. invasion of Cuba, and in both reassuring the British that none of their interests in Cuba would be harmed by the invasion, while simultaneously communicating those interests to the McKinley administration (McKinley was himself keen on maintaining a good relationship with the British).

1826:. Hay predicted "an insurrection on the Isthmus against that regime of folly and graft ... at Bogotá". Bunau-Varilla gained meetings with both men, and assured them that a revolution, and a Panamanian government more friendly to a canal, was coming. In October, Roosevelt ordered Navy ships to be stationed near Panama. The Panamanians duly 1352:. Despite an invitation from the candidate, Hay was reluctant to visit McKinley at his home in Canton. "He has asked me to come, but I thought I would not struggle with the millions on his trampled lawn". In October, after basing himself at his Cleveland home and giving a speech for McKinley, Hay went to Canton at last, writing to Adams, 2139:

it, ther and then." Jim holds the burning steamboat against the riverbank until the last passenger gets ashore, at the cost of his life. Hay's narrator states that, "And Christ ain't a-going to be too hard/On a man that died for men." Hay's poem offended some clergymen, but was widely reprinted and even included in anthologies of verse.

1718:

officials also dispersed. Hay was about to return to New Hampshire on the 13th, when word came that McKinley was dying. Hay remained at his office and the next morning, on the way to Buffalo, the former Rough Rider received from Hay his first communication as head of state, officially informing President Roosevelt of McKinley's death.

1713:, an anarchist, on September 6 in Buffalo. With Vice President Roosevelt and much of the cabinet hastening to the bedside of McKinley, who had been operated on (it was thought successfully) soon after the shooting, Hay planned to go to Washington to manage the communication with foreign governments, but presidential secretary 946:. Hay hoped to assist Sickles in gaining U.S. control over Cuba, then a Spanish colony. Sickles was unsuccessful and Hay resigned in May 1870, citing the low salary, but remaining in his post until September. Two legacies of Hay's time in Madrid were magazine articles he wrote that became the basis of his first book, 2337:

Hay's efforts to shape Lincoln's image increased his own prominence and reputation in making his association (and that of Nicolay) with the assassinated president ever more remarkable and noteworthy. According to Zeitz, "the greater Lincoln grew in death, the greater they grew for having known him so

1916:

in place of the military governor. Raisuli supposed Perdicaris to be a wealthy American, and hoped United States pressure would secure his demands. In fact, Perdicaris, though born in New Jersey, had renounced his citizenship during the Civil War to avoid Confederate confiscation of property in South

1872:

Privately, and in correspondence with others, they were less generous: Hay grumbled that while McKinley would give him his full attention, Roosevelt was always busy with others, and it would be "an hour's wait for a minute's talk". Roosevelt, after Hay's death in 1905, wrote to Senator Lodge that Hay

1791:

Despite the lack of agreement, Congress was enthusiastic about a canal, and was inclined to move forward, with or without a treaty. Authorizing legislation was slowed by discussion on whether to take the Nicaraguan or Panamanian route. Much of the negotiation of a revised treaty, allowing the U.S. to

1765:

in his efforts to interest the American government in investing in his canal company. President Hayes was only interested in the idea of a canal under American control, which de Lesseps's project would not be. By the time Hay became Secretary of State, de Lesseps's project in Panama (then a Colombian

1570:

By the time Hay took office, the war was effectively over and it had been decided to strip Spain of her overseas empire and transfer at least part of it to the United States. At the time of Hay's swearing-in, McKinley was still undecided whether to take the Philippines, but in October finally decided

1496:

had exploded in Havana harbor. During the war, he worked to ensure U.S.–British amity, and British acceptance of the U.S. occupation of the Philippines—Salisbury and his government preferred that the U.S. have the islands than have them fall into the hands of the Germans. Hay succeeded in making sure

1465:

to be constructed in British ports, which then preyed on US-flagged ships. In spite of these past differences, according to Taliaferro, "rapprochement made more sense than at any time in their respective histories". In his Thanksgiving Day address to the American Society in London in 1897, Hay echoed

870:

in March 1865, the two secretaries were appointed to the US delegation in Paris, Nicolay as consul and Hay as secretary of legation. Hay wrote to his brother Charles that the appointment was "entirely unsolicited and unexpected", a statement that Kushner and Sherrill found unconvincing given that Hay

750:

in French. Hay, still in his early 20s, spent time both in barrooms and at cultured get-togethers in the homes of Washington's elite. The two secretaries often clashed with Mary Lincoln, who resorted to various stratagems to get the dilapidated White House restored without depleting Lincoln's salary,

2205:

Early in his presidency, Hay and Nicolay requested and received permission from Lincoln to write his biography. By 1872, Hay was "convinced that we ought to be at work on our 'Lincoln.' I don't think the time for publication has come, but the time for preparation is slipping away." Robert Lincoln in

1958:

Although Hay gave speeches in support of Roosevelt, he spent much of the fall of 1904 at his New Hampshire house or with his younger brother Charles, who was ill in Boston. After the election, Roosevelt asked Hay to remain another four years. Hay asked for time to consider, but the President did not

1885:

in The Hague to step in. Hay supposedly said, as final details were being worked out, "I have it all arranged. If Teddy will keep his mouth shut until tomorrow noon!" Hay and Roosevelt also differed over the composition of the Joint High Commission that was to settle the Alaska boundary dispute. The

1868:

As President and Secretary of State, the two men took pains to cultivate a cordial relationship. Roosevelt read all ten volumes of the Lincoln biography and in mid-1903, wrote to Hay that by then "I have had a chance to know far more fully what a really great Secretary of State you are". Hay for his

1745:

By letter, Hay offered his resignation to Roosevelt while the new president was still in Buffalo, amid newspaper speculation that Hay would be replaced. When Hay met the funeral train in Washington, Roosevelt greeted him at the station and immediately told him he must stay on as secretary. According

1741:

Hay, again next in line to the presidency, remained in Washington as McKinley's body was transported to the capital by funeral train, and stayed there as the late president was taken to Canton for interment. He had admired McKinley, describing him as "awfully like Lincoln in many respects" and wrote

1631:

Hay formally issued his Open Door note on September 6, 1899. This was not a treaty, and did not require the approval of the Senate. Most of the powers had at least some caveats, and negotiations continued through the remainder of the year. On March 20, 1900, Hay announced that all powers had agreed,

930:

Unemployed again, in December 1868 Hay journeyed to the capital, writing to Nicolay that he "came to Washington in the peaceful pursuit of a fat office. But there is nothing just now available". Seward promised to "wrestle with Andy for anything that turns up", but nothing did prior to the departure

663:

After Lincoln was elected, Nicolay, who continued as Lincoln's private secretary, recommended that Hay be hired to assist him at the White House. Lincoln is reported to have said, "We can't take all Illinois with us down to Washington" but then "Well, let Hay come". Kushner and Sherrill were dubious

2174:

and old money. In writing it, Hay was influenced by the labor unrest of the 1870s, that affected him personally, as corporations belonging to Stone, his father-in-law, were among those struck, at a time when Hay had been left in charge in Stone's absence. According to historian Scott Dalrymple, "in

1379:

In the post-election speculation as to who would be given office under McKinley, Hay's name figured prominently, as did that of Whitelaw Reid; both men sought high office in the State Department, either as secretary or one of the major ambassadorial posts. Reid, in addition to his vice-presidential

720:

described Hay as "a nice young fellow, who unfortunately looks about seventeen and is oppressed with the necessity of behaving like seventy." Hay continued to write, anonymously, for newspapers, sending in columns calculated to make Lincoln appear a sorrowful man, religious and competent, giving of

2422:

One of the most entertaining and interesting letter writers who ever ran the State Department, the witty, dapper, and bearded Hay left behind an abundance of documentary evidence on his public career. His name is indelibly linked with that verity of the nation's Asian policy, the Open Door, and he

2255:

Gale pointed out that Hay "accomplished a great deal in the realm of international statesmanship, and the world may be a better place because of his efforts as secretary of state ... the man was a scintillating ambassador". Yet, Gale felt, any assessment of Hay must include negatives as well,

2190:

Although unusual among the many books inspired by the labor unrest of the late 1870s in taking the perspective of the wealthy, it was the most successful of them, and was a sensation, gaining many favorable reviews. It was also attacked as an anti-labor polemic with an upper-class bias. There were

2138:

and there has been debate as to which came first. The poem that brought the greatest immediate reaction was "Jim Bludso", about a boatman who is "no saint" with one wife in Mississippi and another in Illinois. Yet, when his steamboat catches fire, "He saw his duty, a dead-sure thing,—/And went for

1662:

As American troops were sent to China to relieve the nation's legation, Hay sent a letter to foreign powers (often called the Second Open Door note), stating while the United States wanted to see lives preserved and the guilty punished, it intended that China not be dismembered. Hay issued this on

1356:

I had been dreading it for a month, thinking it would be like talking in a boiler factory. But he met me at the station, gave me meat & took me upstairs and talked for two hours as calmly & serenely as if we were summer boarders in Bethlehem, at a loss for means to kill time. I was more

1183:

After 1881, Hay did not again hold public office until 1897. Amasa Stone committed suicide in 1883; his death left the Hays very wealthy. They spent several months in most years traveling in Europe. The Lincoln biography absorbed some of Hay's time, the hardest work being done with Nicolay in 1884

2245:

In 1902, Hay wrote that when he died, "I shall not be much missed except by my wife." Nevertheless, due to his premature death at age 66, he was survived by most of his friends. These included Adams, who although he blamed the pressures of Hay's office, where he was badgered by Roosevelt and many

1717:

urged him to come to Buffalo. He traveled to Buffalo on September 10; hearing on his arrival an account of the President's recovery, Hay responded that McKinley would die. He was more cheerful after visiting McKinley, giving a statement to the press, and went to Washington, as Roosevelt and other

1469:

An ongoing dispute between the U.S. and Britain was over the practice of pelagic sealing, that is, the capture of seals offshore of Alaska. The U.S. considered them American resources; the Canadians (Britain was still responsible for that dominion's foreign policy) contended that the mammals were

758:

in February 1862 (an event not mentioned in Hay's diary or correspondence), "it was Hay who became, if not a surrogate son, then a young man who stirred a higher form of parental nurturing that Lincoln, despite his best intentions, did not successfully bestow on either of his surviving children".

1608:

McKinley was of the view that equality of opportunity for American trade in China was key to success there, rather than colonial acquisitions; that Hay shared these views was one reason for his appointment as Secretary of State. Many influential Americans, seeing coastal China being divided into

627:

Hay enrolled at Brown in 1855. Although he enjoyed college life, he did not find it easy: his Western clothing and accent made him stand out; he was not well prepared academically and was often sick. Hay gained a reputation as a star student and became a part of Providence's literary circle that

1627:

In mid-1899, the British inspector of Chinese maritime customs, Alfred Hippisley, visited the United States. In a letter to Rockhill, a friend, he urged that the United States and other powers agree to uniform Chinese tariffs, including in the enclaves. Rockhill passed the letter on to Hay, and

1365:

that the Democrat "simply reiterates the unquestioned truths that every man with a clean shirt is a thief and ought to be hanged: that there is no goodness and wisdom except among the illiterate & criminal classes". Despite Bryan's strenuous efforts, McKinley won the election easily, with a

922:

Initially happy to be home, Hay quickly grew restive, and he was glad to hear, in early June 1867, that he had been appointed secretary of legation to act as chargé d'affaires at Vienna. He sailed for Europe the same month, and while in England visited the House of Commons, where he was greatly

1864:

came to know the adolescent "Teddy", twenty years younger than himself. Although before becoming president Roosevelt often wrote fulsome letters of praise to Secretary Hay, his letters to others then and later were less complimentary. Hay felt Roosevelt too impulsive, and privately opposed his

1554:

John Hay was sworn in as Secretary of State on September 30, 1898. He needed little introduction to Cabinet meetings, and sat at the President's right hand. Meetings were held in the Cabinet Room of the White House, where he found his old office and bedroom each occupied by several clerks. Now

1413:

According to Taliaferro, "only after the deed was accomplished and Hay was installed as the ambassador to the Court of St. James's would it be possible to detect just how subtly and completely he had finessed his ally and friend, Whitelaw Reid". A telegraph from Hay to McKinley in the latter's

715:

Hay and Nicolay divided their responsibilities, Nicolay tending to assist Lincoln in his office and in meetings, while Hay dealt with the correspondence, which was voluminous. Both men tried to shield Lincoln from office-seekers and others who wanted to meet with the President. Unlike the dour

1787:

added an amendment allowing the U.S. to fortify the canal, then in March postponed further consideration until after the 1900 election. Hay submitted his resignation, which McKinley refused. The treaty, as amended, was ratified by the Senate in December, but the British would not agree to the

1654:

and the coast, killed many missionaries and converts, and besieged the foreign legations. Hay faced a precarious situation; how to rescue the Americans trapped in Peking, and how to avoid giving the other powers an excuse to partition China, in an election year when there was already Democrat

898:

According to Kushner and Sherrill, "Lincoln's death was for Hay a personal loss, like the loss of a father ... Lincoln's assassination erased any remaining doubts Hay had about Lincoln's greatness." In 1866, in a personal letter, Hay deemed Lincoln, "the greatest character since Christ".

2392:

is named for him as well. Hay's New Hampshire estate has been conserved by various organizations. Although he and his family never lived there (Hay died while it was under construction), the Hay-McKinney House, home to the Cleveland History Center and thousands of artifacts, serves to remind

1512:

It has been a splendid little war, begun with the highest motives, carried on with magnificent intelligence and spirit, favored by that Fortune that loves the brave. It is now to be concluded, I hope, with that fine good nature, which is, after all, the distinguishing trait of the American

1126:

left Hay an outsider as he sought a return to politics, and he was initially offered no place in the new administration. Nevertheless, Hay attempted to ingratiate himself with the new president by sending him a gold ring with a strand of George Washington's hair, a gesture that Hayes deeply

659:

Hay was not a supporter of Lincoln for president until after his nomination in 1860. Hay then made speeches and wrote newspaper articles boosting Lincoln's candidacy. When Nicolay, who had been made Lincoln's private secretary for the campaign, found he needed help with the huge amounts of

1839:

10 miles (16 km) wide, over which the U.S. would exercise full jurisdiction. This was less than satisfactory to the Panamanian diplomats who arrived in Washington shortly after the signing, but they did not dare renounce it. The treaty was approved by the two nations, and work on the

1298:—and later in the year wrote, "The summer wanes and I have done nothing for McKinley." He atoned with a $ 500 check to Hanna, the first of many. During the winter of 1895–96, Hay passed along what he heard from other Republicans influential in Washington, such as Massachusetts Senator 1558:

Hay believed that America's most valuable foreign relationship "by far" was its relationship with Great Britain. As Secretary of State he did everything he could to cultivate a positive relationship with London. Eventually this proved successful, one example of this success being the

1605:) to guard its interests there, whereas McKinley was not. In March 1898, Hay warned that Russia, Germany, and France were seeking to exclude Britain and America from the China trade, but he was disregarded by Sherman, who accepted assurances to the contrary from Russia and Germany. 2311:

Taliaferro suggests that "if Hay put any ... indelible stamp on history, perhaps it was that he demonstrated how the United States ought to comport itself. He, not Roosevelt, was the adult in charge when the nation and the State Department attained global maturity." He quotes

1954:

Hay never fully recovered from the death of his son Adelbert, writing in 1904 to his close friend Lizzie Cameron that "the death of our boy made my wife and me old, at once and for the rest of our lives". Gale described Hay in his final years as a "saddened, slowly dying old man".

1039:, naming Greeley as their candidate for president, a nomination soon joined in by the Democrats. Hay was unenthusiastic about the editor-turned-candidate, and in his editorials mostly took aim at Grant, who, despite the scandals, remained untarred, and who won a landslide victory 759:

According to Hay biographer Robert Gale, "Hay came to adore Lincoln for his goodness, patience, understanding, sense of humor, humility, magnanimity, sense of justice, healthy skepticism, resilience and power, love of the common man, and mystical patriotism". Speaker of the House

2170:, one of the first novels to take an anti-labor perspective, was published anonymously in 1883 (published editions did not bear Hay's name until 1916) and he may have tried to disguise his writing style. The book examines two conflicts: between capital and labor, and between the 1227:, "I have never been able to appreciate the logic that induces some excellent people every four years because they cannot nominate the candidate they prefer to vote for the party they don't prefer." In 1888, Hay had to follow his own advice as his favored candidate, Ohio Senator 1015:

was reaching its peak, and one colleague described it as "a liberal education in the delights of intellectual life to sit in intimate companionship with John Hay and watch the play of that well-stored and brilliant mind". In addition to writing, Hay was signed by the prestigious

1773:

The Alaska issue became less contentious in August 1899 when the Canadians accepted a provisional boundary pending final settlement. With Congress anxious to begin work on a canal bill, and increasingly likely to ignore the Clayton-Bulwer restriction, Hay and British Ambassador

711:

at $ 1,600 per year, seconded to service at the White House. They were available to Lincoln 24 hours a day. As Lincoln took no vacations as president and worked seven days a week, often until 11 pm (or later, during crucial battles) the burden on his secretaries was heavy.

2134:, a grouping of six poems published (with other Hay poetry) as a book in 1871, brought him great success. Written in the dialect of Pike County, Illinois, where Hay went to school as a child, they are approximately contemporaneous with pioneering poems in similar dialect by 1161:

on appointments and other matters, but offered Hay only the post of private secretary (though he promised to increase its pay and power), and Hay declined. Hay resigned as assistant secretary effective March 31, 1881, and spent the next seven months as acting editor of the

2089:

in 1870. It went through eight editions in Hay's lifetime. The Spanish are depicted as afflicted by the "triple curse of crown, crozier, and saber"—most kings and ecclesiastics are presented as useless—and Hay pins his hope in the republican movement in Spain. Gale deems

1007:, whose cow was said to have started the blaze, describing her as "a woman with a lamp to the barn behind the house, to milk the cow with the crumpled temper, that kicked the lamp, that spilled the kerosene, that fired the straw that burned Chicago". His work at the 1689:

that year. He allowed the convention to make its own choice of running mate, and it selected Roosevelt, by then governor of New York. Senator Hanna bitterly opposed that choice, but nevertheless raised millions for the McKinley/Roosevelt ticket, which was elected.

607:, who was at the time a 20-year-old newspaperman. Once John Hay completed his studies there, the 13-year-old was sent to live with his grandfather in Springfield and attend school there. His parents and uncle Milton (who financed the boy's education) sent him to 2256:

that after his marriage to the wealthy Clara Stone, Hay "allowed his deep-seated love of ease triumph over his Middle Western devotion to work and a fair shake for all." Despite his literary accomplishments, Hay "was often lazy. His first poetry was his best."

1478:, then both Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary, to agree to a conference to decide the matter, the British withdrew when the U.S. also invited Russia and Japan, rendering the conference ineffective. Another issue on which no agreement was reached was that of 1992:

succeeded in seeing him by showing up at his hotel, unannounced. Adams suggested that Hay retire while there was still enough life left in him to do so, and that Roosevelt would be delighted to act as his own Secretary of State. Hay jokingly wrote to sculptor

2070:

in progress: liberty cannot be truly present until "crosier and crown pass away", when there will be "One freedom, one faith without fetters,/One republic in Italy free!" His stay in Vienna yielded "The Curse of Hungary", in which Hay foresees the end of the

1693:

Hay accompanied McKinley on his nationwide train tour in mid-1901, during which both men visited California and saw the Pacific Ocean for the only times in their lives. The summer of 1901 was tragic for Hay; his older son Adelbert, who had been consul in

890:

where the stricken Lincoln had been taken. Hay remained by Lincoln's deathbed through the night and was present when he died. At the moment of Lincoln's death, Hay observed "a look of unspeakable peace came upon his worn features". He heard War Secretary

1337:. Hay reported to McKinley when he returned to Britain after a brief stay on the Continent during which Bryan was nominated in Chicago: "they were all scared out of their wits for fear Bryan would be elected, and very polite in their references to you." 1742:

to a friend, "what a strange and tragic fate it has been of mine—to stand by the bier of three of my dearest friends, Lincoln, Garfield, and McKinley, three of the gentlest of men, all risen to be head of the State, and all done to death by assassins".

1077:. Ninety-two people died; it was the worst rail disaster in American history up to that point. Blame fell heavily on Stone, who departed for Europe to recuperate and left Hay in charge of his businesses. The summer of 1877 was marked by labor disputes; 1975:

issued a statement that Hay was suffering from overwork, but in letters the secretary hinted his conviction that he did not have long to live. An eminent physician in Italy prescribed medicinal baths for Hay's heart condition, and he duly journeyed to

1746:

to Zeitz, "Roosevelt's accidental ascendance to the presidency made John Hay an essential anachronism ... the wise elder statesman and senior member of the cabinet, he was indispensable to TR, who even today remains the youngest president ever".

829:, that if ten percent of the 1860 electorate in a state took oaths of loyalty and to support emancipation, they could form a government with federal protection. Lincoln considered Florida, with its small population, a good test case, and made Hay a 1632:

and he was not contradicted. Former secretary Day wrote to Hay, congratulating him, "moving at the right time and in the right manner, you have secured a diplomatic triumph in the 'open door' in China of the first importance to your country".

640:. Hay received his Master of Arts degree in 1858, and was, like his grandfather before him, Class Poet. He returned to Illinois. Milton Hay had moved his practice to Springfield, and John became a clerk in his firm, where he could study law. 1563:. Hay formed a habit of confiding in the British, and sharing sensitive intelligence with them, while at the same time shutting out the governments of Spain, France, Germany and Russia. Senator Mark Hanna remarked that "Hay and McKinley are 1815:, granting $ 10 million to Colombia for the right to build a canal, plus $ 250,000 annually, was signed on January 22, 1903, and ratified by the United States Senate two months later. In August, however, the treaty was rejected by the 1270:. In 1889, Hay supported McKinley in his unsuccessful effort to become Speaker of the House. Four years later, McKinley—by then Governor of Ohio—faced a crisis when a friend whose notes he had imprudently co-signed went bankrupt during the 2186:

Offitt), who leads the Bread-winners, a labor organization that begins a violent general strike. Peace is restored by a group of veterans led by Farnham, and, at the end, he appears likely to marry Alice Belding, a woman of his own class.

1321:. Hay told British politicians that McKinley, if elected, would be unlikely to change course. McKinley was nominated in June 1896; still, many Britons were minded to support whoever became the Democratic candidate. This changed when the 1959:

allow it, announcing to the press two days later that Hay would stay at his post. Early 1905 saw futility for Hay, as a number of treaties he had negotiated were defeated or amended by the Senate—one involving the British dominion of

2063:

In poetry, he sought the revolutionary outcome for other nations that he believed had come to a successful conclusion in the United States. His 1871 poem, "The Prayer of the Romans", recites Italian history up to that time, with the

6848: 6836: 6877: 6894: 1203:; these were completed by 1886. Hay's house, facing the White House and fronting on Sixteenth Street, was described even before completion as "the finest house in Washington." The price for the combined tract, purchased from 6942: 1873:

had not been "a great Secretary of State ... under me he accomplished little ... his usefulness to me was almost exclusively the usefulness of a fine figurehead". Nevertheless, when Roosevelt successfully sought

1600:

Hay had been concerned about the Far East since the 1870s. As Ambassador, he had attempted to forge a common policy with the British, but the United Kingdom was willing to acquire territorial concessions in China (such as

6918: 1963:

due to Senator Lodge's fears it would harm his fisherman constituents. Others, promoting arbitration, were voted down or amended because the Senate did not want to be bypassed in the settlement of international disputes.

1406:, the only possible seat for him was that held by Senator Sherman. As the septuagenarian senator had served as Treasury Secretary under Hayes, only the secretaryship of state was likely to attract him and cause a vacancy 1243:. In 1890, Hay spoke for Republican congressional candidates, addressing a rally of 10,000 people in New York City, but the party was defeated, losing control of Congress. Hay contributed funds to Harrison's unsuccessful 6860: 1880:

In December 1902, the German government asked Roosevelt to arbitrate its dispute with Venezuela over unpaid debts. Hay did not think this appropriate, as Venezuela also owed the U.S. money, and quickly arranged for the

1830:

in early November 1903, with Colombian interference deterred by the presence of U.S. forces. By prearrangement, Bunau-Varilla was appointed representative of the nascent nation in Washington, and quickly negotiated the

751:

which had to cover entertainment and other expenses. Despite the secretaries' objections, Mrs. Lincoln was generally the victor and managed to save almost 70 percent of her husband's salary in his four years in office.

1782:

was sent to the Senate the following month, where it met a cold reception, as the terms forbade the United States from blockading or fortifying the canal, that was to be open to all nations in wartime as in peace. The

6930: 1925:

We want Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead. We desire least possible complications with Morocco or other Powers. You will not arrange for landing marines or seizing customs house without specific direction from the

6906: 2008:

broke protocol by meeting with Hay in a small drawing room, and Hay lunched with Whitelaw Reid, ambassador in London at last. There was not time to see all who wished to see Hay on what he knew was his final visit.

1593:. China had had its army severely weakened by several disastrous wars, and several foreign nations took the opportunity to negotiate treaties with China that allowed them to control various coastal cities-known as 1289:

The same panic that nearly ruined McKinley convinced Hay that men like himself must take office to save the country from disaster. By the end of 1894, he was deeply involved in efforts to lay the groundwork for

1066:), and Clarence Leonard Hay. Their father proved successful as a money manager, though he devoted much of his time to literary and political activities, writing to Adee that "I do nothing but read and yawn". 1450:

During his service as ambassador, Hay attempted to advance the relationship between the U.S. and Britain. The United Kingdom had long been seen negatively by many Americans, a legacy of its role during the

6955: 5673:

Halsema, James J. E. J. Halsema: Colonial Engineer A Biography. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1991; pp 292–295; Mansell, Donald E. Under the Shadow of the Rising Sun. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2003 pp.

1401:

Hay was faster than Reid to realize that the race for these posts would be affected by Hanna's desire to be senator from Ohio, as with one of the state's places about to be occupied by the newly elected

1218:

Hay continued to devote much of his energy to Republican politics. In 1884, he supported Blaine for president, donating considerable sums to the senator's unsuccessful campaign against New York Governor

1434: 1366:

campaign run by himself and Hanna, and well-financed by supporters like Hay. Henry Adams later wondered, "I would give sixpence to know how much Hay paid for McKinley. His politics must have cost."

707:

on March 4, Hay and Nicolay moved into the White House, sharing a shabby bedroom. As there was only authority for payment of one presidential secretary (Nicolay), Hay was appointed to a post in the

643:

Milton Hay's firm was one of the most prestigious in Illinois. Lincoln maintained offices next door and was a rising star in the new Republican Party. Hay recalled an early encounter with Lincoln:

655:. Lincoln seemed greatly roused by what he had read. Entering the office without a salutation, he said: "This will never do. He puts the moral element out of this question. It won't stay out." 8208: 2246:

senators, for the Secretary of State's death, admitted that Hay had remained in the position because he feared being bored. He memorialized his friend in the final pages of his autobiographical

1425:, with 11 servants. He brought with him Clara, their own silver, two carriages, and five horses. Hay's salary of $ 17,000 "did not even begin to cover the cost of their extravagant lifestyle". 1294:. It was Hay's job to persuade potential supporters that McKinley was worth backing. Nevertheless, Hay found time for a lengthy stay in New Hampshire—one visitor at The Fells in mid-1895 was 2083:, souvenir of Hay's time in Madrid, is a collection of seventeen essays about Spanish history and customs, first published in 1871, although several of the individual chapters appeared in 1971:

on March 4, 1905, Hay's health was so bad that both his wife and his friend Henry Adams insisted on his going to Europe, where he could rest and get medical treatment. Presidential doctor

2316:, "All that the world saw was a great gentleman and a great statesman doing his work for the State and for the President with perfect taste, perfect good sense, and perfect good humour". 2027:. Hay left Washington for the last time on June 23, 1905, arriving in New Hampshire the following day. He died there on July 1 of his heart ailment and complications. Hay was interred in 1761:

Hay's involvement in the efforts to have a canal joining the oceans in Central America went back to his time as Assistant Secretary of State under Hayes, when he served as translator for

1138:

From May to October 1879, Hay set out to reconfirm his credentials as a loyal Republican, giving speeches in support of candidates and attacking the Democrats. In October, President and

8158: 2056:, a boy promises soldiers that he will return from an errand to be executed with his fellow rebels. Much to their surprise, he keeps his word and shouts to them to "blaze away" as "The 1157:. Hay felt that Garfield did not have enough backbone, and hoped that Reid and others would "inoculate him with the gall which I fear he lacks". Garfield consulted Hay before and after 971: 782:

in their 1890 multi-volume biography of Lincoln, Hay's diary states "the President, in a firm, free way, with more grace than is his wont, said his half-dozen lines of consecration."

2044:

Hay wrote some poetry while at Brown University, and more during the Civil War. In 1865, early in his Paris stay, Hay penned "Sunrise in the Place de la Concorde", a poem attacking

1153:, and substituted for Evarts at Cabinet meetings when the Secretary was out of town. In 1880, he campaigned for the Republican nominee for president, his fellow Ohioan, Congressman 2423:

contributed much to the resolution of the longstanding problems with the British. Patient, discreet, and judicious, Hay deserves to stand in the front rank of secretaries of state.

695:

Milton Hay desired that his nephew go to Washington as a qualified attorney, and John Hay was admitted to the bar in Illinois on February 4, 1861. On February 11, he embarked with

8078: 825:

vessels being used in an attempt to recapture Charleston Harbor. Hay then went on to the Florida coast. He returned to Florida in January 1864, after Lincoln had announced his

7594: 2178:

The major character is Arthur Farnham, a wealthy Civil War veteran, likely based on Hay. Farnham, who inherited money, is without much influence in municipal politics, as his

721:

his life and health to preserve the Union. Similarly, Hay served as what Taliaferro deemed a "White House propagandist," in his columns explaining away losses such as that at

2350:

did not "mae revisions of the essential story told by N. & H.. Zeitz concurs, "Americans today understand Abraham Lincoln much as Nicolay and Hay hoped that they would."

1407: 1110:

Hay remained disaffected from the Republican Party in the mid-1870s. Seeking a candidate of either party he could support as a reformer, he watched as his favored Democrat,

5524: 8223: 6460: 2012:

On his return to the United States, despite his family's desire to take him to New Hampshire, the secretary went to Washington to deal with departmental business and "say

1170:

in September and Reid's return the following month left Hay again on the outside of political power, looking in. He would spend the next fifteen years in that position.

2191:

many guesses as to authorship, with the supposed authors ranging from Hay's friend Henry Adams to New York Governor Grover Cleveland, and the speculation fueled sales.

8163: 1749:

The deaths of his son and of McKinley were not the only griefs Hay suffered in 1901—on September 26, John Nicolay died after a long illness, as did Hay's close friend

424:(October 8, 1838 – July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a 5613: 1474:

to London to negotiate the issue. Foster quickly issued an accusatory note to the British that was printed in the newspapers. Although Hay was successful in getting

5452:. New York: Octagon Books, 1975. (Reprint by special arrangement with Yale University Press. Originally published at New Haven: Yale University Press, 1928), p. 574 810:, both as their caretaker and as a means of giving Hay a much-needed break. The following month, Lincoln sent him to Missouri to deliver a letter to Union General 584:, and Helen relocated to Salem in 1830 to teach school. They married there in 1831. Charles was not successful in Salem, and moved, with his wife and children, to 1135:

indicated that Hay "had not been active enough in political efforts", to Hay's regret, who told Reid that he "would like a second-class mission uncommonly well".

866:

By the end of 1864, with Lincoln reelected and the victorious war winding down, both Hay and Nicolay let it be known that they desired different jobs. Soon after

2213:. By 1885, Hay had completed the chapters on Lincoln's early life, and they were submitted to Robert Lincoln for approval. Sale of the serialization rights to 1613:

in December 1898, he stated that as long as Americans were not discriminated against, he saw no need for the United States to become "an actor in the scene".

8183: 8178: 8143: 2415:, Philippines, was named for John Hay, and the base name was maintained by the Philippine government even after its 1991 turnover to Philippine authorities. 1127:

appreciated. Hay spent time working with Nicolay on their Lincoln biography, and traveling in Europe. When Reid, who had succeeded Greeley as editor of the

992:

was the leading reform newspaper in New York, and through mail subscriptions, the largest-circulating newspaper in the nation. Hay wrote editorials for the

8218: 8148: 1085:

soon spread to the Lake Shore, much to Hay's outrage. He blamed foreign agitators for the dispute, and vented his anger over the strike in his only novel,

576:, hated slavery and moved to the North in the early 1830s. A doctor, he practiced in Salem. Helen's father, David Leonard, had moved his family west from 652: 1681:, had died in November 1899. Under the laws then in force, this made Hay next in line to the presidency should anything happen to McKinley. There was a 7585: 6872: 1797: 1345: 1305:

Hay spent part of the spring and early summer of 1896 in the United Kingdom, and elsewhere in Europe. There was a border dispute between Venezuela and

814:, who had irritated the President with military blunders and by freeing local slaves without authorization, endangering Lincoln's attempts to keep the 8103: 6889: 6477: 6469: 2342:

had been like." Their answer to that, expressed in ten volumes of biography, Gale wrote, "has been incredibly influential". In 1974, Lincoln scholar

882:

on the night of April 14, 1865, but remained at the White House, drinking whiskey with Robert Lincoln. When the two were informed that the President

736:

Despite the heavy workload—Hay wrote that he was busy 20 hours a day—he tried to make as normal a life as possible, eating his meals with Nicolay at

6107:

Woolman, David (October 1997). "Did Theodore Roosevelt Overreact When an American was Kidnapped in Morocco? Were Seven Warships Really Necessary?".

5638:

The Liberty Ships of World War II: A Record of the 2,710 Vessels and Their Builders, Operators and Namesakes, with a History of the Jeremiah O'Brien

1869:

part publicly praised Roosevelt as "young, gallant, able, brilliant", words that Roosevelt wrote that he hoped would be engraved on his tombstone.

8118: 6453: 1567:

pro-British." The French ambassador remarked that "Hay is friendly to the British and unfriendly to us, we should regard him with much suspicion."

1508:

volunteer regiment, Hay made a description of the war for which, according to Zeitz, he "is best remembered by many students of American history":

1239:, who was elected. Though Harrison appointed men whom Hay supported, including Blaine, Reid, and Robert Lincoln, Hay was not asked to serve in the 2182:

is defeated in elections, symbolic of the decreasing influence of America's old-money patricians. The villain is Andrew Jackson Offitt (true name

8153: 425: 1421:

writing to him, "we want a man who is a true American yet not anti-English". Hay secured a Georgian house on Carlton House Terrace, overlooking

7531: 6420: 6266: 6007:

Jaher, Frederic Cople (Spring 1972). "Industrialism and the American Aristocrat: A Social Study of John Hay and His Novel, the Bread-Winners".

5578: 509: 129: 7237: 2433: 844:

sent word to Lincoln that there were Southern peace emissaries in Canada. Lincoln doubted that they actually spoke for Confederate President

5930: 2209:

Hay began his part of the writing in 1876; the work was interrupted by illnesses of Hay, Nicolay, or family members, or by Hay's writing of

8188: 1291: 899:

Taliaferro noted that "Hay would spend the rest of his life mourning Lincoln ... wherever Hay went and whatever he did, Lincoln would

508:. Afterward, he returned to the private sector, remaining there until President McKinley, of whom he had been a major backer, made him the 8193: 6446: 1822:

Roosevelt was minded to build the canal anyway, using an earlier treaty with Colombia that gave the U.S. transit rights in regard to the

1146:

resigned later that month, Hay was offered his place and accepted, after some hesitancy because he was considering running for Congress.

919:, who had his own candidate. Seward offered Hay a job as his private secretary, but Hay declined, and returned home to Warsaw, Illinois. 833:, sending him to see if he could get sufficient men to take the oath. Hay spent a month in the state during February and March 1864, but 2219:

magazine, edited by Hay's friend Richard Gilder, helped give the pair the impetus to bring what had become a massive project to an end.

1555:

responsible for 1,300 federal employees, he leaned heavily for administrative help on his old friend Alvey Adee, the second assistant.

931:

of both Seward and Johnson from office on March 4, 1869. In May, Hay went back to Washington from Warsaw to press his case with the new

8168: 8123: 6986: 6350: 1500:

In its early days, Hay described the war "as necessary as it is righteous". In July, writing to former Assistant Secretary of the Navy

183: 2175:

response, Hay proceeded to write an indictment of organized labor so scathing, so vehement, that he dared not attach his name to it."

2000:

After the course of treatment, Hay went to Paris and began to take on his workload again by meeting with the French foreign minister,

8213: 8113: 1968: 6278: 5466: 1571:

to do so, and Hay sent instructions to Day and the other peace commissioners to insist on it. Spain yielded, and the result was the

1529:, invited him again the following day, and subsequently pronounced him, "the most interesting of all the Ambassadors I have known." 1035:

ran for reelection in 1872, Grant's administration had been rocked by scandal, and some disaffected members of his party formed the

8073: 7563: 5502: 1874: 1682: 1244: 1158: 1123: 1074: 1040: 1036: 708: 468: 6254: 5528: 1043:. Greeley died only weeks later, a broken man. Hay's stance endangered his hitherto sterling credentials in the Republican Party. 7520: 7487: 7302: 7203: 7170: 7051: 2452:

Hay's office is today known as the Queens' Sitting Room; the bedroom he shared with Nicolay is known as the Queens' Bedroom. See

996:, and Greeley soon proclaimed him the most brilliant writer of "breviers" (as such editorials were called) that he had ever had. 1848:, praising "the perfectly regular course which the President did follow" as much preferable to armed occupation of the isthmus. 7578: 7512: 7195: 1215:. According to Gale, "for a full decade before his appointment in 1897 as ambassador to England, Hay was lazy and uncertain." 802:

Lincoln sent Hay away from the White House on various missions. In August 1861, Hay escorted Mary Lincoln and her children to

8133: 5912: 5880: 5839: 5771: 5715: 4015: 2331: 704: 6173: 5652: 5427: 1073:. The bridge had been built from metal cast at one of Stone's mills, and was carrying a train owned and operated by Stone's 5605: 5555: 696: 3021: 2079:

suggested that the Europe-themed poems expressed "(now, perhaps, old-fashioned) American sympathy for all the oppressed."

1131:, was offered the post of Minister to Germany in December 1878, he turned it down and recommended Hay. Secretary of State 8138: 7438: 7151: 5493: 1939: 1686: 1322: 1232: 938:

Although the salary was low, Hay was interested in serving in Madrid both because of the political situation there—Queen

737: 6192:

John Hay, Friend of Giants: The Man and Life Connecting Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain, Henry James, and Theodore Roosevelt

1054:, "Millionaire's Row", and a mansion was quickly under construction for the Hays next-door. The Hays had four children, 8093: 8088: 6204: 6154: 5646: 2479: 2031:

in Cleveland, near the grave of Garfield, in the presence of Roosevelt and many dignitaries, including Robert Lincoln.

1882: 1827: 1784: 1200: 1167: 815: 536: 1803:

Seeing that the Americans were likely to build a Nicaragua Canal, the owners of the defunct French company, including

7571: 7230: 5794: 5745: 1706: 1672: 1456: 1070: 523:, which kept China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, with international powers. By negotiating the 8128: 8098: 7395: 7262: 7126: 7011: 6511: 6377: 999:

With his success as an editorial writer, Hay's duties expanded. In October 1871, he journeyed to Chicago after the

883: 867: 861: 716:

Nicolay, Hay, with his charm, escaped much of the hard feelings from those denied Lincoln's presence. Abolitionist

476: 433: 299: 66: 2048:

for his reinstitution of the monarchy, depicting the Emperor as having been entrusted with the child Democracy by

7851: 5498: 2381: 572:, on October 8, 1838. He was the third son of Dr. Charles Hay and the former Helen Leonard. Charles Hay, born in 17: 8198: 7364: 7333: 7250: 7095: 7070: 6999: 6979: 1442: 935:. The next month, due to the influence of his friends, he obtained the post of secretary of legation in Spain. 837:

there reduced the area under federal control. Believing his mission impractical, he sailed back to Washington.

5488: 1900:

One incident involving Hay that benefitted Roosevelt politically was the kidnapping of Greek-American playboy

1616:

As Secretary of State, it was Hay's responsibility to put together a workable China policy. He was advised by

8203: 8108: 8083: 7495: 7184: 6546: 6083:

Stevenson Jr., James D.; Stevenson, Randehl K. (Spring–Summer 2006). "John Milton Hay's Literary Influence".

2499:

Cromwell Varley, Perdicaris's stepson by his wife's first marriage to an Englishman, was also kidnapped. See

2408: 2019:

to the President", as Hay put it. He was pleased to learn that Roosevelt was well on his way to settling the

1997:

that "there is nothing the matter with me except old age, the Senate, and one or two other mortal maladies".

1470:

being taken on the high seas, free to all. Soon after Hay's arrival, McKinley sent former Secretary of State

1223:. Many of Hay's friends were unenthusiastic about Blaine's candidacy, to Hay's anger, and he wrote to editor 1078: 700: 699:

Lincoln on a circuitous journey to Washington. By this time, several Southern states had seceded to form the

1646:

Little thought was given to the Chinese reaction to the Open Door note; the Chinese minister in Washington,

1340:

Once Hay returned to the United States in early August, he went to The Fells and watched from afar as Bryan

595:, Pike County, and attend a well-regarded local school, the John D. Thomson Academy. Milton was a friend of 8173: 7246: 7223: 6995: 2384:, was named after John Hay in recognition of his role in negotiating the US-Canada treaty resulting in the 2248: 1832: 532: 505: 1028:, to give lectures on the prospects for democracy in Europe, and on his years in the Lincoln White House. 942:

had recently been deposed—and because the U.S. Minister was the swashbuckling former congressman, General

2338:

well, and so intimately, in life. Everyone wanted to know them if only to ask what it had been like—what

1800:, and the second Hay–Pauncefote Treaty was ratified by the Senate by a large margin on December 6, 1901. 1082: 1063: 516: 6031:

Kushner, Howard I. (September 1974). "'The Strong God Circumstance': The Political Career of John Hay".

668:

argues that Lincoln was moved to hire Hay when Milton agreed to pay his nephew's salary for six months.

8009: 6661: 2200: 1617: 1185: 1046:

By 1873, Hay was wooing Clara Stone, daughter of Cleveland multimillionaire railroad and banking mogul

717: 484: 7215: 6290: 5945: 591:

John attended the local schools, and in 1849 his uncle Milton Hay invited John to live at his home in

367: 8023: 7971: 7759: 7551: 7427: 6972: 6581: 2353:

Hay brought about more than 50 treaties, including the Canal-related treaties, and settlement of the

1865:

inclusion on the ticket in 1900, though he quickly wrote a congratulatory note after the convention.

1779: 1767: 1560: 1051: 524: 31: 7593: 6964: 6263: 5582: 2512:

Woolman, in his 1997 article on the incident, states that Roosevelt was behind Cannon's action. See

7464: 7384: 2385: 2155: 1486: 771: 612: 444:. Hay was also a biographer of Lincoln, and wrote poetry and other literature throughout his life. 1889: 1812: 528: 490:

After Lincoln's death, Hay spent several years at diplomatic posts in Europe, then worked for the

5726: 2483: 2072: 2001: 1857: 1589:

By the 1890s, China had become a major trading partner for Western nations and newly westernized

1341: 1240: 1204: 1192: 1149:

In Washington, Hay oversaw a staff of eighty employees, renewed his acquaintance with his friend

821:

In April 1863, Lincoln sent Hay to the Union-occupied South Carolina coast to report back on the

803: 1357:

struck than ever with his mask. It is a genuine Italian ecclesiastical face of the XVth Century.

1277: 7901: 7896: 7684: 7501: 7178: 6721: 1994: 1912:. Raisuli demanded a ransom, but also wanted political prisoners to be released and control of 1905: 1804: 1621: 1572: 1547: 1326: 1212: 849: 577: 288: 1988:

was among the monarchs who wrote to Hay asking him to visit, though he declined; Belgian King

1099: 774:, for the dedication of the cemetery there, where were interred many of those who fell at the 7881: 7784: 7744: 6756: 6239:

The Statesman and the Storyteller: John Hay, Mark Twain, and the Rise of American Imperialism

5849: 5423: 2354: 2313: 1989: 1575:, narrowly ratified by the Senate in February 1899 over the objections of anti-imperialists. 1224: 911:

Hay sailed for Paris at the end of June 1865. There, he served under U.S. Minister to France

830: 596: 464: 2272: 1517:

Secretary Sherman had resigned on the eve of war, and been replaced by his first assistant,

515:

Hay served for nearly seven years as Secretary of State under President McKinley and, after

8068: 8063: 7936: 7876: 7831: 7789: 6826: 6736: 6487: 6430: 6123:(February 2014). "Lincoln's Boys: John Hay, John Nicolay and the War For Lincoln's Image". 5980: 2404: 2215: 2183: 2076: 2052:, and strangling it with his own hands. In "A Triumph of Order", set in the breakup of the 1943: 1909: 1793: 1762: 1702:

and was about to become McKinley's personal secretary, died in a fall from a hotel window.

1656: 1349: 1334: 1314: 1256: 1017: 1004: 932: 775: 592: 175: 6275: 5462: 790: 8: 7956: 7946: 7906: 7891: 7886: 7861: 7799: 7769: 7539: 7452: 7421: 7403: 7378: 7347: 7322: 7140: 6343: 6214: 4007: 2373: 2366: 2239: 2130: 1452: 1422: 1143: 1119: 633: 629: 573: 480: 227: 207: 1417:

Reaction in Britain to Hay's appointment was generally positive, with George Smalley of

1255:

For further information on the debate about the gold standard in the 1896 campaign, see

7951: 7794: 7779: 7476: 7353: 7253: 6843: 6831: 6776: 6766: 6641: 6387: 6251: 6142: 6092: 6068: 6040: 6016: 5992: 5965: 5760: 2362: 2295: 2028: 2020: 1735: 1610: 1542: 1501: 1361:

Hay was disgusted by Bryan's speeches, writing in language that Taliaferro compares to

1059: 1000: 779: 764: 677: 581: 472: 441: 409: 383: 95: 1391: 811: 7941: 7926: 7916: 7841: 7774: 7664: 7545: 7470: 7372: 7134: 7115: 6791: 6716: 6681: 6651: 6636: 6631: 6571: 6556: 6531: 6438: 6303: 6224: 6150: 5908: 5886: 5876: 5857: 5835: 5816: 5809: 5790: 5767: 5741: 5711: 5707:

Dark Horse: The Surprise Election and Political Murder of President James A. Garfield

5642: 4011: 2179: 2150: 2049: 2024: 1918: 1894: 1836: 1808: 1775: 1731: 1602: 1490: 1403: 1385: 1299: 1236: 1154: 1132: 1103: 1087: 1055: 924: 879: 872: 834: 741: 703:

in reaction to the election of Lincoln, seen as an opponent of slavery. When Lincoln

398: 333: 212: 5783: 1930: 1433: 746: 556: 50: 8047: 7976: 7961: 7921: 7911: 7866: 7856: 7821: 7754: 7719: 7704: 7637: 7409: 7078: 7002: 6867: 6781: 6746: 6741: 6731: 6666: 6621: 6566: 6521: 6413: 6383: 6312: 6208: 2389: 1816: 1714: 1584: 1282: 1263: 1220: 1032: 1025: 980: 978:

While still in Spain, Hay had been offered the position of assistant editor at the

826: 608: 585: 520: 492: 456: 452: 437: 351: 347: 163: 90: 6219:

The Five of Hearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Adams and His Friends, 1880–1918

2234: 1835:, signed on November 18, giving the United States the right to build the canal in 8035: 7996: 7764: 7739: 7734: 7679: 7632: 7617: 7446: 7159: 6884: 6796: 6761: 6671: 6656: 6606: 6596: 6526: 6294: 6282: 6270: 6258: 5956:

Friedlaender, Marc (1969). "Henry Hobson Richardson, Henry Adams, and John Hay".

5902: 5870: 5829: 5705: 5636: 5551: 5419: 2327: 1823: 1641: 1590: 1318: 1295: 1196: 1115: 845: 600: 561: 429: 337: 2418:

According to historian Lewis L. Gould, in his account of McKinley's presidency,

7986: 7931: 7749: 7724: 7109: 7103: 7025: 6937: 6811: 6726: 6696: 6676: 6616: 6611: 6601: 6591: 6586: 6370: 6360: 6234: 5804: 5755: 5576: 2358: 1901: 1766:

province) had collapsed, as had an American-run project in Nicaragua. The 1850

1522: 1518: 1475: 1471: 1306: 1142:

came to a reception at Hay's Cleveland home. When Assistant Secretary of State

943: 916: 887: 841: 755: 728: 722: 603:

and had read law in the firm Stuart and Lincoln. In Pittsfield, John first met

569: 497: 448: 355: 271: 239: 110: 1266:

and worked closely with McKinley's political manager, Cleveland industrialist

8057: 7991: 7871: 7846: 7836: 7694: 7310: 7059: 6956:

List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States

6913: 6816: 6806: 6686: 6646: 6541: 6536: 6299: 2347: 2343: 2053: 1972: 1750: 1710: 1678: 1526: 1310: 1271: 1111: 985: 951: 892: 501: 471:

and became one of his private secretaries in the White House. Throughout the

7981: 7966: 7729: 7699: 7669: 7627: 7415: 7282: 7019: 6855: 6771: 6751: 6711: 6691: 6576: 6551: 6120: 5898: 2394: 2085: 2066: 2045: 1960: 1841: 1647: 1594: 1505: 1235:. After some reluctance, Hay supported the nominee, former Indiana senator 1228: 912: 807: 795: 760: 665: 604: 540: 455:, Hay showed great potential from an early age, and his family sent him to 5890: 5861: 5820: 1485:

Hay had little involvement in the crisis over Cuba that culminated in the

7458: 6925: 6821: 6801: 2397: 1977: 1479: 1460: 1330: 1150: 1047: 939: 475:, Hay was close to Lincoln and stood by his deathbed after the President 6229:

First Great Triumph: How Five Americans Made Their Country a World Power

6096: 6072: 6044: 6020: 5996: 5969: 4777: 4775: 1184:

and 1885; beginning in 1886, portions began appearing serially, and the

7709: 7674: 7622: 7612: 7595:

Ambassadors of the United States of America to the Court of St. James's

7341: 7316: 7276: 7245: 7084: 6901: 6706: 6626: 6561: 6398: 5904:

Lincoln's Boys: John Hay, John Nicolay, and the War for Lincoln's Image

5549: 4185: 4183: 2361:. In 1900, Hay negotiated a treaty with Denmark for the cession of the 2298:

Lincoln’s Boys: John Hay, John Nicolay, and the War for Lincoln's Image

2135: 2014: 2005: 1985: 1845: 1437: 1395: 1267: 1139: 1021: 767:, who knew Hay then, later recorded that "Lincoln loved him as a son". 387: 122: 2357:, as a result of which the United States secured what became known as 2094:"a remarkable, if biased, book of essays about Spanish civilization". 6994: 6786: 5831:

All the Great Prizes: The Life of John Hay, from Lincoln to Roosevelt

5766:. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 4772: 4724: 4553: 4330: 4294: 3923: 2597: 2595: 2278:

All the Great Prizes: The Life of John Hay, from Lincoln to Roosevelt

2057: 1981: 1208: 988:, were anxious to hire Hay. He joined the staff in October 1870. The 970: 848:, but had Hay journey to New York to persuade the publisher to go to 5057: 4973: 4180: 3983: 3947: 3935: 3863: 3744: 2393:

Clevelanders of John Hay's lengthy service. During World War II the

519:, under Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was responsible for negotiating the 6492: 6321: 3705: 3336: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2915: 2804: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2655: 1792:

fortify the canal, took place between Hay's replacement in London,

1699: 1695: 1247:, in part because Reid had been made Harrison's 1892 running mate. 871:

had spent hundreds of hours during the war with Secretary of State

822: 687: 647:

He came into the law office where I was reading ... with a copy of

504:. Hay remained active in politics, and from 1879 to 1881 served as 460: 6317: 4760: 4601: 4390: 4270: 4195: 3025:

Vol. 1 (quote's original source is Hay's diary, which is quoted in

2631: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2556: 2534: 2532: 6147:

Abraham Lincoln: The Observations of John G. Nicolay and John Hay

5105: 5069: 3911: 3797: 1913: 950:, and his lifelong friendship with Sickles's personal secretary, 660:

correspondence, Hay worked full-time for Lincoln for six months.

637: 487:

that helped shape the assassinated president's historical image.

479:. In addition to his other literary works, Hay co-authored, with 2963: 2703: 2319: 8209:

American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law

6181: 5710:(Kindle ed.). Falls Church, VA: Viral History Press, LLC. 2529: 2412: 2303: 2283: 1651: 1609:

spheres of influence, urged McKinley to join in; still, in his

1381: 512:

in 1897. Hay became the Secretary of State the following year.

1114:, gained his party's nomination, but his favored Republican, 6149:. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. 5550:

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (October 21, 2014).

5450:

The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa

4819: 4817: 4248: 4246: 3814: 3812: 1851: 954:, who would be a close aide to Hay at the State Department. 6287: 4517: 4438: 4219: 3722: 3720: 984:—both the editor, Horace Greeley, and his managing editor, 8159:

Personal secretaries to the President of the United States

5388: 5258: 4736: 4700: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 3829: 3827: 3606: 3057: 1106:: the second president to be assassinated whom Hay advised 5366: 5364: 5294: 4949: 4937: 4913: 4865: 4853: 4829: 4814: 4787: 4625: 4589: 4565: 4529: 4474: 4402: 4366: 4354: 4342: 4318: 4282: 4243: 4207: 4168: 4156: 4099: 4087: 4063: 4041: 4039: 3971: 3959: 3899: 3851: 3809: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3768: 3756: 3548: 3546: 3480: 3288: 3192: 2980: 2840: 1388:

for the winter, leading to speculation about his health.

5740:. Twayne's American Authors. Boston: Twayne Publishers. 5158: 5156: 4120: 3732: 3717: 3683: 3681: 3444: 3408: 3396: 3348: 3324: 3264: 3252: 3228: 3216: 3153: 3129: 2879: 2768: 1122:, whom Hay did not support during the campaign. Hayes's 763:

stated, "Lincoln was very much attached to him"; writer

651:

in hand, containing Senator Douglas's famous article on

467:, adjacent to that of Lincoln. Hay worked for Lincoln's 6200:

Lincoln's Secretary: A Biography of John George Nicolay

5246: 4748: 4498: 4051: 4024: 3824: 3618: 3594: 3570: 3045: 2951: 2927: 2903: 2852: 2828: 2118: Till the last soul got ashore. 8079:

Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom

6468: 5361: 5282: 5234: 4925: 4889: 4688: 4661: 4637: 4613: 4577: 4541: 4450: 4426: 4306: 4258: 4231: 4036: 3887: 3875: 3839: 3780: 3630: 3543: 3504: 3432: 3372: 3276: 3141: 3117: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2939: 2891: 2607: 1778:

began work on a new treaty in January 1900. The first

1333:" platform; he had electrified the delegates with his 8007: 6082: 5789:. Twayne's World Leaders. Boston: Twayne Publishers. 5606:"Hay-McKinney Mansion a perfect spot to tour history" 5577:

Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests.

5400: 5376: 5173: 5171: 5153: 5063: 4901: 4877: 4712: 4486: 4462: 4378: 4117:

Secretary John Hay by Henry Macfarland – 1900, pg. 21

4004:

President McKinley: Architect of the American Century

3693: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3533: 3531: 3516: 3468: 3456: 3420: 3384: 3312: 3300: 3204: 3182: 3180: 3165: 3105: 3093: 3069: 2792: 2732: 2667: 2601: 2586: 2411:

a United States military base established in 1903 in

527:

with the United Kingdom, the (ultimately unratified)

5465:. United States Department of State. July 21, 2008. 5463:"Purchase of the United States Virgin Islands, 1917" 2816: 2780: 2756: 2720: 2643: 2619: 1721: 1380:

run, had been Minister to France under Harrison. An

1313:, supported the Venezuelan position, announcing the 8224:

Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

5958:

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society

5834:(Kindle ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5183: 5021: 4804: 4802: 3081: 3029:, Vol. 10, p. 292, by John G. Nicolay and John Hay) 2992: 1860:, during the Civil War, and during his time at the 539:, Hay also cleared the way for the building of the 5931:"John Hay's Revenge: Anti-Labor Novels, 1880–1905" 5875:. Vol. II. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 5808: 5782: 5781:Kushner, Howard I.; Sherrill, Anne Hummel (1977). 5780: 5759: 5224: 5222: 5207: 5168: 5117: 5111: 5081: 5075: 5033: 5009: 4979: 4781: 4766: 4730: 4678: 4676: 4607: 4559: 4396: 4336: 4300: 4276: 4201: 4189: 4132: 3989: 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3869: 3803: 3750: 3711: 3582: 3528: 3492: 3342: 3240: 3177: 2974: 2921: 2810: 2744: 2714: 2691: 2679: 2661: 2637: 2574: 2562: 2544: 2538: 2106: And mind the pilot's bell. 2023:, an action for which the President would win the 8164:Theodore Roosevelt administration cabinet members 5856:. Vol. I. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 5785:John Milton Hay: The Union of Poetry and Politics 5677: 4414: 4075: 3642: 2869: 2867: 2252:: with Hay's death, his own education had ended. 2114: A hundred times he swore, 2102: To treat his engine well, 732:Lincoln and his secretaries. Hay is on the right. 8055: 6085:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 6033:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 6009:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 5342: 5195: 5141: 4799: 2060:tore the stout young heart,/And saved Society." 622: 6211:. Helen Nicolay was John G. Nicolay's daughter. 5330: 5318: 5306: 5270: 5219: 5129: 5093: 5045: 4997: 4985: 4961: 4841: 4673: 4649: 4144: 1459:, when it allowed merchant raiders such as the 1173: 1062:, Alice Evelyn Hay Wadsworth Boyd (who married 957: 6421:United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom 3558: 3360: 2864: 2116: He'd hold her nozzle agin the bank 1942:was in session, and the Speaker of the House, 1685:, and McKinley was unanimously renominated at 1504:, who had gained wartime glory by leading the 1191:In 1884, Hay and Adams commissioned architect 923:impressed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, 895:'s declaration, "Now he belongs to the ages." 7579: 7231: 6980: 6454: 6197: 6055:Sloane, David E. E. (Fall 1969). "John Hay's 5922: 5907:(Kindle ed.). New York: Viking Penguin. 1844:began in 1904. Hay wrote to Secretary of War 1705:Secretary Hay was at The Fells when McKinley 778:. Although they made much of Lincoln's brief 754:After the death of Lincoln's 11-year-old son 8184:United States Assistant Secretaries of State 8179:Union (American Civil War) political leaders 8144:People of Illinois in the American Civil War 5983:(September 1905). "John Hay in Literature". 1071:bridge over Ohio's Ashtabula River collapsed 8219:People from Merrimack County, New Hampshire 8149:People of Indiana in the American Civil War 6231:(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002) 855: 7586: 7572: 7238: 7224: 6987: 6973: 6461: 6447: 6351:United States Assistant Secretary of State 6194:(Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2017) 5603: 1620:, an old China hand. Also influential was 1384:, he handicapped himself by departing for 1166:during Reid's extended absence in Europe. 906: 184:United States Assistant Secretary of State 79:September 30, 1898 – July 1, 1905 49: 2434:History of U.S. foreign policy, 1897–1913 1949: 1852:Relationship with Roosevelt, other events 886:, they hastened to the Petersen House, a 145:May 3, 1897 – September 12, 1898 8104:Burials at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland 6241:(Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2016) 5955: 5634: 5503:United States Department of the Interior 3624: 3612: 3600: 3576: 2318: 2233: 2229: 2154: 2104: Never be passed on the river 1929: 1888: 1730: 1541: 1457:its neutrality in the American Civil War 1432: 1390: 1276: 1178: 1098: 969: 789: 785: 740:, going to the theater with Abraham and 727: 686: 636:. He wrote poetry and experimented with 564:, birthplace of John Hay, Salem, Indiana 555: 451:to an anti-slavery family that moved to 8119:McKinley administration cabinet members 6119: 5897: 5604:Washington, Julie (September 1, 2011). 5406: 5394: 5382: 5264: 5252: 4754: 4742: 4511: 4057: 4030: 3833: 3636: 3552: 3486: 3438: 3378: 3294: 3282: 3198: 3123: 3007: 2986: 2885: 2846: 2798: 2774: 2738: 2673: 2466: 2453: 1525:, after he took formal leave of her at 962: 770:Hay and Nicolay accompanied Lincoln to 682: 196:November 1, 1879 – May 3, 1881 14: 8056: 5827: 5370: 5300: 5288: 5240: 4955: 4943: 4931: 4919: 4895: 4871: 4859: 4835: 4823: 4793: 4706: 4694: 4667: 4643: 4631: 4619: 4595: 4583: 4571: 4547: 4535: 4523: 4480: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4408: 4372: 4360: 4348: 4324: 4312: 4288: 4264: 4252: 4237: 4225: 4213: 4174: 4162: 4105: 4093: 4069: 4045: 3977: 3965: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3857: 3845: 3818: 3791: 3774: 3762: 3738: 3726: 3699: 3687: 3450: 3414: 3402: 3390: 3354: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3270: 3258: 3234: 3222: 3171: 3159: 3135: 3111: 3099: 3075: 3063: 2957: 2933: 2909: 2858: 2834: 2822: 2786: 2762: 2726: 2649: 2613: 2346:stated that later biographers such as 1325:nominated former Nebraska congressman 1309:, and Cleveland's Secretary of State, 878:Hay did not accompany the Lincolns to 7567: 7219: 6968: 6442: 5928: 5868: 5481: 5469:from the original on October 21, 2014 5162: 4907: 4883: 4718: 4492: 4468: 4384: 4001: 2332:National McKinley Birthplace Memorial 2100:And this was all the religion he had— 1796:, and the British Foreign Secretary, 1532: 1262:Hay was an early supporter of Ohio's 1094: 671: 432:, he became a diplomat. He served as 30:For other people named John Hay, see 6061:American Literary Realism, 1870–1910 5848: 5703: 5558:from the original on August 15, 2015 5522: 3510: 3147: 3087: 3051: 2945: 2897: 2750: 2697: 2625: 2550: 2194: 2142: 1856:Hay had met the President's father, 1666: 1292:the governor's 1896 presidential bid 1118:, did not, falling to Ohio Governor 1012: 537:newly independent Republic of Panama 8189:United States presidential advisors 6106: 6030: 5979: 5724: 5635:Williams, Greg H. (July 25, 2014). 5494:Geographic Names Information System 5027: 4808: 4138: 3672: 3660: 3588: 3537: 3522: 3498: 3474: 3462: 3426: 3246: 3210: 3186: 3019: 2685: 2513: 2500: 1940:1904 Republican National Convention 1578: 1323:1896 Democratic National Convention 551: 24: 8194:United States secretaries of state 8154:People of the Spanish–American War 6470:United States Secretaries of State 6136: 6054: 5762:The Presidency of William McKinley 5616:from the original on July 22, 2016 5527:. Brown University. Archived from 5430:from the original on July 26, 2014 5213: 3023:The Life and Letters of John Hay, 2276:interview with John Taliaferro on 2034: 1883:International Court of Arbitration 1785:Senate Foreign Relations Committee 1687:the Republican National Convention 1635: 1285:in the 1896 presidential election. 1250: 619:of his late maternal grandfather. 25: 8235: 8169:20th-century American politicians 8124:19th-century American politicians 6276:John Hay National Wildlife Refuge 6245: 6221:(New York: Clarkson Potter, 1990) 6176:The Statesman and the Storyteller 6006: 5815:. New York: Harper and Brothers. 5803: 5754: 5683: 5655:from the original on July 8, 2023 5201: 5189: 5147: 4420: 4126: 4081: 2465:According to Zeitz, $ 1,500. See 1875:election in his own right in 1904 1722:Theodore Roosevelt administration 1673:Assassination of William McKinley 1537: 840:In July 1864, New York publisher 8214:People from Pittsfield, Illinois 8114:Lincoln administration personnel 8041: 8029: 8017: 7292: 7041: 6501: 6325: 6168: 5872:The Life and Letters of John Hay 5854:The Life and Letters of John Hay 5735: 5728:John Hay From Poetry To Politics 5667: 5628: 5597: 5570: 5543: 5516: 5455: 5442: 5412: 5355: 5336: 5324: 5312: 5276: 5228: 5177: 5135: 5123: 5099: 5087: 5051: 5039: 5015: 5003: 4991: 4967: 4847: 4682: 4655: 4150: 4111: 3995: 3648: 3564: 3366: 2873: 2506: 2493: 2487: 2296:Presentation by Joshua Zeitz on 2290: 2267: 862:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 794:Hay as a young man. Portrait by 580:, in 1818, but died en route to 510:Ambassador to the United Kingdom 469:successful presidential campaign 459:. After graduation in 1858, Hay 434:United States Secretary of State 366: 67:United States Secretary of State 8074:19th-century American diplomats 7532:Secretary of Commerce and Labor 5869:Thayer, William Roscoe (1915). 5692: 5499:United States Geological Survey 3013: 2472: 2459: 2446: 1655:opposition to what they deemed 1075:Lake Shore and Michigan Railway 531:with Colombia, and finally the 485:ten-volume biography of Lincoln 318: 5929:Dalrymple, Scott (Fall 1999). 5579:"John Hay Land Studies Center" 2039: 1374: 27:American statesman (1838–1905) 13: 1: 6174:Presentation by Zwonitzer on 5938:Business and Economic History 5704:Ackerman, Kenneth D. (2011). 2523: 2124:John Hay, "Jim Bludso" (1871) 2075:. After Hay's death in 1905, 1726: 1683:presidential election in 1900 1369: 1348:while McKinley gave speeches 868:Lincoln's second inauguration 701:Confederate States of America 623:Student and Lincoln supporter 546: 8134:People from Warsaw, Illinois 7654:Ministers Plenipotentiary to 7602:Ministers Plenipotentiary to 6478:Secretary of Foreign Affairs 6264:John Hay Land Studies Center 2365:. That treaty failed in the 2249:The Education of Henry Adams 1211:, their summer residence in 1174:Wealthy traveler (1881–1897) 958:Wilderness years (1870–1897) 568:John Milton Hay was born in 506:Assistant Secretary of State 130:United States Ambassador to 7: 6324:(public domain audiobooks) 5944:(1): 133–42. Archived from 5731:. Dodd, Mead & Company. 2427: 2382:Canada–United States border 2324:Posthumous bust of John Hay 1677:McKinley's vice president, 1083:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 1064:James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. 10: 8240: 8139:People from Salem, Indiana 6309:Works by or about John Hay 6293:December 30, 2007, at the 5923:Journals and other sources 3033:. Houghton Mifflin Company 3027:Abraham Lincoln: A History 2407:, and named in his honor. 2224:Abraham Lincoln: A History 2201:Abraham Lincoln: A History 2198: 2148: 1670: 1639: 1611:annual message to Congress 1582: 1428: 1254: 859: 718:Thomas Wentworth Higginson 675: 29: 8094:American male journalists 8089:American male biographers 7809:Ambassadors Extraordinary 7808: 7652:Envoys Extraordinary and 7651: 7601: 7530: 7511: 7488:Secretary of the Interior 7486: 7437: 7428:George von Lengerke Meyer 7394: 7363: 7332: 7303:Secretary of the Treasury 7301: 7290: 7261: 7194: 7171:Secretary of the Interior 7169: 7150: 7125: 7094: 7069: 7052:Secretary of the Treasury 7050: 7039: 7010: 6953: 6510: 6499: 6476: 6427: 6418: 6410: 6405: 6395: 6375: 6367: 6357: 6348: 6340: 6335: 6281:November 9, 2020, at the 6269:October 12, 2014, at the 6257:November 8, 2007, at the 6167: 6162: 5985:The North American Review 5828:Taliaferro, John (2013). 5064:Stevenson & Stevenson 4002:Merry, Robert W. (2017). 2602:Stevenson & Stevenson 2587:Stevenson & Stevenson 2289: 2266: 2261: 1893:Political cartoon on the 1756: 1233:the Republican convention 1159:his election as president 1020:, whose clients included 463:in his uncle's office in 415: 405: 394: 379: 374: 362: 343: 328: 305: 295: 278: 254: 249: 245: 233: 221: 200: 189: 181: 169: 157: 149: 138: 128: 116: 104: 83: 72: 64: 60: 48: 41: 32:John Hay (disambiguation) 7813:the Court of St. James's 7656:the Court of St. James's 7604:the Court of St. James's 7513:Secretary of Agriculture 7465:Charles Joseph Bonaparte 7385:Charles Joseph Bonaparte 7196:Secretary of Agriculture 5736:Gale, Robert L. (1978). 5697: 2439: 2386:Alaska Boundary Tribunal 1969:Roosevelt's inauguration 1908:, an opponent of Sultan 1904:in Morocco by chieftain 1833:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty 1069:On December 29, 1876, a 856:Assassination of Lincoln 772:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 613:Providence, Rhode Island 533:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty 517:McKinley's assassination 8129:New-York Tribune people 8099:Brown University alumni 7811:and Plenipotentiary to 6378:U.S. Secretary of State 6102:(subscription required) 6078:(subscription required) 6050:(subscription required) 6026:(subscription required) 6002:(subscription required) 5975:(subscription required) 5811:In the Days of McKinley 5725:Dennett, Tyler (1934). 5448:Ryden, George Herbert. 2159:First edition cover of 2073:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1858:Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. 1241:Harrison administration 1205:William Wilson Corcoran 1193:Henry Hobson Richardson 1188:was published in 1890. 1124:victory in the election 907:Early diplomatic career 804:Long Branch, New Jersey 7502:James Rudolph Garfield 7179:Cornelius Newton Bliss 6198:Helen Nicolay (1949). 6059:as Literary Realism". 5850:Thayer, William Roscoe 5112:Kushner & Sherrill 5076:Kushner & Sherrill 4980:Kushner & Sherrill 4782:Kushner & Sherrill 4767:Kushner & Sherrill 4731:Kushner & Sherrill 4608:Kushner & Sherrill 4560:Kushner & Sherrill 4397:Kushner & Sherrill 4337:Kushner & Sherrill 4301:Kushner & Sherrill 4277:Kushner & Sherrill 4202:Kushner & Sherrill 4190:Kushner & Sherrill 4129:, pp. 45–46, 199. 3990:Kushner & Sherrill 3954:Kushner & Sherrill 3942:Kushner & Sherrill 3930:Kushner & Sherrill 3918:Kushner & Sherrill 3870:Kushner & Sherrill 3804:Kushner & Sherrill 3751:Kushner & Sherrill 3712:Kushner & Sherrill 3343:Kushner & Sherrill 2975:Kushner & Sherrill 2922:Kushner & Sherrill 2811:Kushner & Sherrill 2715:Kushner & Sherrill 2662:Kushner & Sherrill 2638:Kushner & Sherrill 2575:Kushner & Sherrill 2563:Kushner & Sherrill 2539:Kushner & Sherrill 2425: 2334: 2242: 2164: 2121: 1995:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 1950:Final months and death 1935: 1928: 1906:Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli 1897: 1805:Philippe Bunau-Varilla 1738: 1622:Lord Charles Beresford 1551: 1515: 1455:that was refreshed by 1447: 1398: 1359: 1327:William Jennings Bryan 1286: 1231:, was unsuccessful at 1213:Newbury, New Hampshire 1107: 1081:over wage cuts on the 975: 850:Niagara Falls, Ontario 799: 733: 692: 657: 578:Assonet, Massachusetts 565: 289:Newbury, New Hampshire 8199:Writers from Illinois 7439:Secretary of the Navy 7152:Secretary of the Navy 6288:The Fells Reservation 5981:Howells, William Dean 5424:National Park Service 2420: 2388:. Brown University's 2322: 2314:John St. Loe Strachey 2237: 2230:Assessment and legacy 2158: 2097: 1933: 1923: 1892: 1780:Hay–Pauncefote Treaty 1768:Clayton–Bulwer Treaty 1734: 1561:Hay–Pauncefote Treaty 1545: 1510: 1436: 1408:that Hanna could fill 1394: 1354: 1280: 1225:Richard Watson Gilder 1179:Author and dilettante 1102: 973: 793: 786:Presidential emissary 731: 690: 645: 559: 525:Hay–Pauncefote Treaty 465:Springfield, Illinois 428:and an assistant for 8204:Writers from Indiana 8109:Illinois Republicans 8084:American biographers 5531:on February 17, 2012 4526:, pp. 411, 413. 4447:, pp. 407, 410. 4228:, pp. 349, 356. 4008:Simon & Schuster 3066:, pp. 105, 107. 2405:Panama City, Florida 2222:The published work, 2077:William Dean Howells 1763:Ferdinand de Lesseps 1657:American imperialism 1487:Spanish–American War 1350:from his front porch 1335:Cross of Gold speech 1315:Olney interpretation 1257:Cross of Gold speech 1186:ten-volume biography 1018:Boston Lyceum Bureau 933:Grant administration 776:Battle of Gettysburg 683:Secretary to Lincoln 176:Joseph Hodges Choate 8174:Union Army colonels 7540:George B. Cortelyou 7453:William Henry Moody 7422:George B. Cortelyou 7404:Charles Emory Smith 7379:William Henry Moody 7348:William Howard Taft 7323:George B. Cortelyou 7141:Charles Emory Smith 6344:Frederick W. Seward 5585:on October 12, 2014 4709:, pp. 478–503. 3054:, pp. 219–220. 2240:John Singer Sargent 2238:Hay in portrait by 2131:Pike County Ballads 1453:American Revolution 1423:Horse Guards Parade 1144:Frederick W. Seward 1120:Rutherford B. Hayes 1037:Liberal Republicans 709:Interior Department 653:Popular Sovereignty 630:Sarah Helen Whitman 574:Lexington, Kentucky 481:John George Nicolay 228:Frederick W. Seward 208:Rutherford B. Hayes 8024:American Civil War 7496:Ethan A. Hitchcock 7477:Truman H. Newberry 7396:Postmaster General 7354:Luke Edward Wright 7263:Secretary of State 7254:Theodore Roosevelt 7185:Ethan A. Hitchcock 7127:Postmaster General 7012:Secretary of State 6515:1789–present 6512:Secretary of State 6388:Theodore Roosevelt 6336:Political offices 6252:John Hay Biography 6202:. Longman's Green. 6190:Philip McFarland, 6143:Michael Burlingame 5641:. McFarland, Inc. 5552:"About the Refuge" 5525:"John Hay Library" 5523:Mitchell, Martha. 5397:, pp. 338–39. 5303:, pp. 261–62. 5267:, pp. 266–67. 4958:, pp. 541–44. 4946:, pp. 539–41. 4922:, pp. 538–39. 4874:, pp. 533–34. 4862:, pp. 523–28. 4838:, pp. 522–23. 4826:, pp. 514–15. 4796:, pp. 510–14. 4784:, pp. 128–29. 4745:, pp. 332–33. 4733:, pp. 126–27. 4634:, pp. 411–12. 4598:, pp. 366–70. 4574:, pp. 345–48. 4562:, pp. 116–17. 4538:, pp. 190–91. 4483:, pp. 409–10. 4411:, pp. 406–07. 4375:, pp. 397–99. 4363:, pp. 374–79. 4351:, pp. 377–84. 4339:, pp. 110–12. 4327:, pp. 375–76. 4303:, pp. 109–10. 4291:, pp. 359–60. 4255:, pp. 356–57. 4216:, pp. 353–56. 4177:, pp. 353–54. 4165:, pp. 341–47. 4108:, pp. 335–36. 4096:, pp. 333–35. 4072:, pp. 331–32. 3980:, pp. 323–28. 3968:, pp. 322–23. 3932:, pp. 99–100. 3908:, pp. 316–17. 3860:, pp. 310–13. 3821:, pp. 307–11. 3777:, pp. 305–06. 3765:, pp. 300–01. 3741:, pp. 297–98. 3729:, pp. 294–96. 3675:, pp. 381–82. 3663:, pp. 378–79. 3615:, pp. 144–45. 3525:, pp. 377–78. 3513:, pp. 205–06. 3489:, pp. 206–07. 3477:, pp. 375–76. 3465:, pp. 374–75. 3453:, pp. 179–81. 3429:, pp. 373–74. 3417:, pp. 173–74. 3405:, pp. 171–73. 3357:, pp. 163–66. 3333:, pp. 153–57. 3297:, pp. 195–96. 3273:, pp. 132–33. 3261:, pp. 130–31. 3237:, pp. 124–25. 3225:, pp. 121–24. 3213:, pp. 370–71. 3201:, pp. 185–86. 3162:, pp. 115–18. 3150:, pp. 278–80. 3138:, pp. 115–16. 3020:Hay, John (1915). 2989:, pp. 161–64. 2948:, pp. 155–56. 2900:, pp. 203–06. 2849:, pp. 107–09. 2480:lieutenant colonel 2478:Hay was brevetted 2363:Danish West Indies 2335: 2300:, February 4, 2014 2243: 2165: 2029:Lake View Cemetery 2021:Russo-Japanese War 2004:. In London, King 2002:Théophile Delcassé 1984:, Germany. Kaiser 1936: 1898: 1753:on Christmas Eve. 1739: 1736:Theodore Roosevelt 1552: 1533:Secretary of State 1502:Theodore Roosevelt 1448: 1399: 1287: 1245:re-election effort 1108: 1095:Return to politics 1060:Adelbert Stone Hay 1013:his fame as a poet 976: 974:Clara Louise Stone 806:, a resort on the 800: 780:Gettysburg Address 765:Charles G. Halpine 734: 693: 678:American Civil War 672:American Civil War 582:Vincennes, Indiana 566: 562:Hay-Morrison House 473:American Civil War 442:Theodore Roosevelt 410:American Civil War 384:United States Army 132:the United Kingdom 96:Theodore Roosevelt 8005: 8004: 7714:chargé d'affaires 7689:chargé d'affaires 7642:chargé d'affaires 7561: 7560: 7546:Victor H. Metcalf 7471:Victor H. Metcalf 7373:Philander C. Knox 7213: 7212: 7135:James Albert Gary 7116:Philander C. Knox 6962: 6961: 6437: 6436: 6428:Succeeded by 6406:Diplomatic posts 6396:Succeeded by 6390: 6358:Succeeded by 6318:Works by John Hay 6304:Project Gutenberg 6300:Works by John Hay 6225:Warren Zimmermann 6187: 6186: 6057:The Bread-Winners 5914:978-1-101-63807-1 5882:978-1-4047-6198-8 5841:978-1-4165-9741-4 5773:978-0-7006-0206-3 5717:978-1-61945-011-0 5192:, pp. 86–87. 5180:, pp. 87–91. 5126:, pp. 55–56. 5090:, pp. 54–55. 5042:, pp. 68–79. 5018:, pp. 60–61. 4982:, pp. 45–46. 4192:, pp. 96–97. 4017:978-1-4516-2544-8 3992:, pp. 97–98. 3956:, pp. 90–93. 3944:, pp. 88–90. 3872:, pp. 83–84. 3753:, pp. 81–82. 3714:, pp. 78–80. 3651:, pp. 28–29. 3345:, pp. 67–68. 2960:, pp. 86–89. 2936:, pp. 77–82. 2924:, pp. 33–34. 2912:, pp. 48–49. 2888:, pp. 94–95. 2861:, pp. 52–54. 2837:, pp. 45–46. 2813:, pp. 31–32. 2777:, pp. 87–88. 2664:, pp. 23–24. 2640:, pp. 19–21. 2628:, pp. 21–22. 2616:, pp. 22–23. 2577:, pp. 16–18. 2565:, pp. 15–16. 2486:in May 1865. See 2378:Boundary Peak 167 2367:Danish parliament 2309: 2308: 2211:The Bread-Winners 2195:Lincoln biography 2168:The Bread-Winners 2161:The Bread-Winners 2151:The Bread-Winners 2144:The Bread-Winners 2025:Nobel Peace Prize 1895:Perdicaris affair 1813:Hay–Herrán Treaty 1776:Julian Pauncefote 1667:Death of McKinley 1404:Joseph B. Foraker 1386:Arizona Territory 1363:The Bread-Winners 1300:Henry Cabot Lodge 1237:Benjamin Harrison 1155:James A. Garfield 1133:William M. Evarts 1104:James A. Garfield 1088:The Bread-Winners 1056:Helen Hay Whitney 925:Benjamin Disraeli 873:William H. Seward 742:Mary Todd Lincoln 649:Harper's Magazine 529:Hay–Herrán Treaty 436:under Presidents 426:private secretary 419: 418: 213:James A. Garfield 16:(Redirected from 8231: 8046: 8045: 8044: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8022: 8021: 8020: 8013: 7588: 7581: 7574: 7565: 7564: 7410:Henry Clay Payne 7365:Attorney General 7334:Secretary of War 7296: 7295: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7217: 7216: 7096:Attorney General 7079:Russell A. Alger 7071:Secretary of War 7045: 7044: 7003:William McKinley 6989: 6982: 6975: 6966: 6965: 6505: 6504: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6440: 6439: 6431:Joseph H. Choate 6414:Thomas F. Bayard 6411:Preceded by 6384:William McKinley 6381: 6368:Preceded by 6341:Preceded by 6333: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6313:Internet Archive 6215:Patricia O'Toole 6203: 6178:, April 26, 2016 6172: 6171: 6160: 6159: 6132: 6116: 6109:Military History 6103: 6100: 6079: 6076: 6051: 6048: 6027: 6024: 6003: 6000: 5976: 5973: 5960:. Third Series. 5952: 5951:on May 14, 2013. 5950: 5935: 5918: 5894: 5865: 5845: 5824: 5814: 5800: 5788: 5777: 5765: 5751: 5732: 5721: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5610:The Plain Dealer 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5581:. Archived from 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5459: 5453: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5359: 5353: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5166: 5160: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4812: 4806: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4021: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3822: 3816: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3541: 3535: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2517: 2510: 2504: 2497: 2491: 2476: 2470: 2463: 2457: 2450: 2390:John Hay Library 2376:, also known as 2369:on a tied vote. 2294: 2293: 2271: 2270: 2259: 2258: 2125: 2108:And if ever the 1817:Colombian Senate 1794:Joseph H. Choate 1715:George Cortelyou 1618:William Rockhill 1585:Open Door Policy 1579:Open Door Policy 1283:William McKinley 1264:William McKinley 1221:Grover Cleveland 1201:Lafayette Square 1199:on Washington's 1168:Garfield's death 1026:Susan B. Anthony 1001:great fire there 981:New-York Tribune 827:Ten Percent Plan 609:Brown University 586:Warsaw, Illinois 552:Family and youth 521:Open Door Policy 493:New-York Tribune 457:Brown University 453:Warsaw, Illinois 438:William McKinley 375:Military service 370: 348:Brown University 322: 320: 285: 268: 266: 250:Personal details 236: 224: 194: 172: 164:Thomas F. Bayard 160: 153:William McKinley 143: 133: 119: 107: 91:William McKinley 77: 53: 39: 38: 21: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8054: 8053: 8052: 8042: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8008: 8006: 8001: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7804: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7647: 7605: 7603: 7597: 7592: 7562: 7557: 7526: 7507: 7482: 7447:John Davis Long 7433: 7390: 7359: 7328: 7297: 7293: 7288: 7257: 7244: 7214: 7209: 7190: 7165: 7160:John Davis Long 7146: 7121: 7090: 7065: 7046: 7042: 7037: 7006: 6993: 6963: 6958: 6949: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6497: 6481:1781–1789 6480: 6472: 6467: 6433: 6424: 6416: 6401: 6392: 6380: 6373: 6363: 6354: 6346: 6326: 6295:Wayback Machine 6283:Wayback Machine 6271:Wayback Machine 6259:Wayback Machine 6248: 6169: 6163:External videos 6139: 6137:Further reading 6101: 6077: 6049: 6025: 6001: 5991:(586): 343–51. 5974: 5948: 5933: 5925: 5915: 5883: 5842: 5805:Leech, Margaret 5797: 5774: 5756:Gould, Lewis L. 5748: 5718: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5649: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5612:. AdvanceOhio. 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5548: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5521: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5489:"Mount Herbert" 5487: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5393: 5389: 5381: 5377: 5369: 5362: 5354: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5311: 5307: 5299: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5227: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5176: 5169: 5161: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5026: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4954: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4822: 4815: 4807: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4780: 4773: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4725: 4717: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4570: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4546: 4542: 4534: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4510: 4499: 4491: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4467: 4463: 4455: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4359: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4287: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4263: 4259: 4251: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4181: 4173: 4169: 4161: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4068: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4044: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4010:. p. 223. 4000: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3844: 3840: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3725: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3694: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3544: 3536: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3185: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3018: 3014: 3006: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2973: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2684: 2680: 2672: 2668: 2660: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2553:, pp. 3–4. 2549: 2545: 2537: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2520: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2494: 2477: 2473: 2464: 2460: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2430: 2328:J. Massey Rhind 2291: 2280:, July 21, 2013 2268: 2262:External videos 2232: 2203: 2197: 2153: 2147: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2042: 2037: 2035:Literary career 1952: 1934:Hay, circa 1904 1854: 1824:Panama Railroad 1759: 1729: 1724: 1675: 1669: 1644: 1642:Boxer Rebellion 1638: 1636:Boxer Rebellion 1587: 1581: 1573:Treaty of Paris 1548:Treaty of Paris 1540: 1535: 1431: 1377: 1372: 1319:Monroe Doctrine 1296:Rudyard Kipling 1260: 1253: 1251:McKinley backer 1197:houses for them 1181: 1176: 1116:James G. Blaine 1097: 1041:in the election 1033:President Grant 1003:, interviewing 968: 960: 909: 864: 858: 846:Jefferson Davis 812:John C. Frémont 788: 738:Willard's Hotel 697:President-elect 685: 680: 674: 625: 601:Abraham Lincoln 554: 549: 430:Abraham Lincoln 422:John Milton Hay 324: 321: 1874) 316: 312: 296:Political party 287: 283: 270: 269:October 8, 1838 264: 262: 261: 260: 259:John Milton Hay 234: 222: 217: 195: 190: 170: 158: 144: 139: 131: 117: 105: 100: 78: 73: 56: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:John Milton Hay 15: 12: 11: 5: 8237: 8227: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8051: 8050: 8038: 8026: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7818: 7816: 7815:(1893–present) 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7661: 7659: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7599: 7598: 7591: 7590: 7583: 7576: 7568: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7536: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7517: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7499: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7443: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7400: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7369: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7338: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7307: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7291: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7267: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7243: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7220: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7200: 7198: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7182: 7175: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7156: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7138: 7131: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7113: 7110:John W. Griggs 7107: 7104:Joseph McKenna 7100: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7082: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7063: 7056: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7029: 7026:William R. Day 7023: 7016: 7014: 7008: 7007: 6992: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6969: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6852: 6851: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6516: 6508: 6507: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6484: 6482: 6474: 6473: 6466: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6443: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6426: 6417: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6394: 6382:Served under: 6374: 6371:William R. Day 6369: 6365: 6364: 6361:Robert R. Hitt 6359: 6356: 6347: 6342: 6338: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6315: 6306: 6297: 6285: 6273: 6261: 6247: 6246:External links 6244: 6243: 6242: 6235:Mark Zwonitzer 6232: 6222: 6212: 6195: 6185: 6184: 6165: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155:978-0809338634 6145:, ed. (2021). 6138: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6117: 6104: 6080: 6052: 6028: 6004: 5977: 5953: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5913: 5895: 5881: 5866: 5846: 5840: 5825: 5801: 5795: 5778: 5772: 5752: 5746: 5733: 5722: 5716: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5686:, p. 130. 5676: 5666: 5648:978-1476617541 5647: 5627: 5596: 5569: 5542: 5515: 5480: 5454: 5441: 5411: 5399: 5387: 5375: 5373:, p. 548. 5360: 5358:, p. 125. 5341: 5329: 5317: 5305: 5293: 5291:, p. 250. 5281: 5269: 5257: 5255:, p. 256. 5245: 5243:, p. 235. 5233: 5218: 5216:, p. 276. 5206: 5194: 5182: 5167: 5165:, p. 134. 5152: 5140: 5128: 5116: 5104: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5030:, p. 348. 5020: 5008: 4996: 4984: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4936: 4934:, p. 539. 4924: 4912: 4910:, p. 401. 4900: 4898:, p. 538. 4888: 4886:, p. 400. 4876: 4864: 4852: 4840: 4828: 4813: 4798: 4786: 4771: 4769:, p. 127. 4759: 4757:, p. 335. 4747: 4735: 4723: 4721:, p. 324. 4711: 4699: 4697:, p. 478. 4687: 4672: 4670:, p. 442. 4660: 4648: 4646:, p. 425. 4636: 4624: 4622:, p. 392. 4612: 4610:, p. 121. 4600: 4588: 4586:, p. 352. 4576: 4564: 4552: 4550:, p. 344. 4540: 4528: 4516: 4514:, p. 332. 4497: 4495:, p. 268. 4485: 4473: 4471:, p. 266. 4461: 4459:, p. 337. 4449: 4437: 4435:, p. 407. 4425: 4423:, p. 599. 4413: 4401: 4399:, p. 124. 4389: 4387:, p. 262. 4377: 4365: 4353: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4315:, p. 363. 4305: 4293: 4281: 4279:, p. 108. 4269: 4267:, p. 359. 4257: 4242: 4240:, p. 356. 4230: 4218: 4206: 4204:, p. 105. 4194: 4179: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4119: 4110: 4098: 4086: 4084:, p. 129. 4074: 4062: 4060:, p. 324. 4050: 4048:, p. 330. 4035: 4033:, p. 329. 4023: 4016: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3898: 3896:, p. 315. 3886: 3884:, p. 314. 3874: 3862: 3850: 3848:, p. 310. 3838: 3836:, p. 323. 3823: 3808: 3796: 3794:, p. 307. 3779: 3767: 3755: 3743: 3731: 3716: 3704: 3702:, p. 282. 3692: 3690:, p. 258. 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3639:, p. 211. 3629: 3627:, p. 154. 3617: 3605: 3603:, p. 140. 3593: 3591:, p. 379. 3581: 3579:, p. 137. 3569: 3557: 3555:, p. 212. 3542: 3540:, p. 378. 3527: 3515: 3503: 3501:, p. 377. 3491: 3479: 3467: 3455: 3443: 3441:, p. 206. 3431: 3419: 3407: 3395: 3393:, p. 167. 3383: 3381:, p. 205. 3371: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3321:, p. 143. 3311: 3309:, p. 140. 3299: 3287: 3285:, p. 194. 3275: 3263: 3251: 3249:, p. 372. 3239: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3191: 3189:, p. 370. 3176: 3174:, p. 119. 3164: 3152: 3140: 3128: 3126:, p. 181. 3116: 3114:, p. 111. 3104: 3102:, p. 109. 3092: 3090:, p. 222. 3080: 3078:, p. 107. 3068: 3056: 3044: 3012: 2991: 2979: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2926: 2914: 2902: 2890: 2878: 2863: 2851: 2839: 2827: 2815: 2803: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2755: 2743: 2731: 2719: 2702: 2690: 2688:, p. 367. 2678: 2666: 2654: 2642: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2505: 2492: 2471: 2458: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2429: 2426: 2359:American Samoa 2355:Samoan dispute 2326:(1915–17), by 2307: 2306: 2287: 2286: 2264: 2263: 2231: 2228: 2199:Main article: 2196: 2193: 2149:Main article: 2146: 2141: 2098: 2096: 2092:Castilian Days 2081:Castilian Days 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 1951: 1948: 1919:Samuel Gummeré 1902:Ion Perdicaris 1853: 1850: 1798:Lord Lansdowne 1758: 1755: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1671:Main article: 1668: 1665: 1640:Main article: 1637: 1634: 1583:Main article: 1580: 1577: 1546:Hay signs the 1539: 1538:McKinley years 1536: 1534: 1531: 1523:Queen Victoria 1519:William R. Day 1476:Lord Salisbury 1472:John W. Foster 1430: 1427: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1344:the nation in 1307:British Guiana 1281:Hay supported 1252: 1249: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1096: 1093: 967: 961: 959: 956: 948:Castilian Days 944:Daniel Sickles 917:Andrew Johnson 908: 905: 903:be watching". 888:boarding house 880:Ford's Theatre 860:Main article: 857: 854: 842:Horace Greeley 818:in the Union. 787: 784: 747:Les Misérables 744:, and reading 725:in July 1861. 723:First Bull Run 684: 681: 676:Main article: 673: 670: 624: 621: 570:Salem, Indiana 553: 550: 548: 545: 498:Horace Greeley 449:Salem, Indiana 417: 416: 413: 412: 407: 403: 402: 396: 392: 391: 381: 380:Branch/service 377: 376: 372: 371: 364: 360: 359: 345: 341: 340: 330: 326: 325: 314: 310: 309: 307: 303: 302: 297: 293: 292: 286:(aged 66) 280: 276: 275: 272:Salem, Indiana 258: 256: 252: 251: 247: 246: 243: 242: 240:Robert R. Hitt 237: 231: 230: 225: 219: 218: 216: 215: 210: 204: 202: 198: 197: 187: 186: 179: 178: 173: 167: 166: 161: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 136: 135: 126: 125: 120: 114: 113: 111:William R. Day 108: 102: 101: 99: 98: 93: 87: 85: 81: 80: 70: 69: 62: 61: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8236: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8049: 8039: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8015: 8014: 8011: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7807: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7650: 7643: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7600: 7596: 7589: 7584: 7582: 7577: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7553: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7529: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7503: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7469: 7466: 7463: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7420: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7311:Lyman J. Gage 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7300: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7241: 7236: 7234: 7229: 7227: 7222: 7221: 7218: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7108: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7068: 7061: 7060:Lyman J. Gage 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6990: 6985: 6983: 6978: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6957: 6952: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6915: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6903: 6900: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6662:Frelinghuysen 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6572:E. Livingston 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6488:R. Livingston 6486: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6459: 6457: 6452: 6450: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6432: 6423: 6422: 6415: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6379: 6372: 6366: 6362: 6353: 6352: 6345: 6339: 6334: 6323: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6209:J. G. Randall 6206: 6201: 6196: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6179: 6177: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6121:Zeitz, Joshua 6118: 6114: 6110: 6105: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6070: 6067:(3): 276–79. 6066: 6062: 6058: 6053: 6046: 6042: 6039:(4): 352–84. 6038: 6034: 6029: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6005: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5932: 5927: 5926: 5916: 5910: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5899:Zeitz, Joshua 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5813: 5812: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5796:0-8057-7719-9 5792: 5787: 5786: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5764: 5763: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5747:0-8057-7199-9 5743: 5739: 5734: 5730: 5729: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5709: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5685: 5680: 5670: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5557: 5553: 5546: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5484: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5451: 5445: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5408: 5403: 5396: 5391: 5384: 5379: 5372: 5367: 5365: 5357: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5339:, p. 42. 5338: 5333: 5327:, p. 41. 5326: 5321: 5315:, p. 40. 5314: 5309: 5302: 5297: 5290: 5285: 5279:, p. 99. 5278: 5273: 5266: 5261: 5254: 5249: 5242: 5237: 5231:, p. 95. 5230: 5225: 5223: 5215: 5210: 5204:, p. 73. 5203: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5150:, p. 71. 5149: 5144: 5138:, p. 87. 5137: 5132: 5125: 5120: 5114:, p. 50. 5113: 5108: 5102:, p. 55. 5101: 5096: 5089: 5084: 5078:, p. 49. 5077: 5072: 5066:, p. 23. 5065: 5060: 5054:, p. 80. 5053: 5048: 5041: 5036: 5029: 5024: 5017: 5012: 5006:, p. 61. 5005: 5000: 4994:, p. 60. 4993: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4970:, p. 54. 4969: 4964: 4957: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4933: 4928: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4850:, p. 36. 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4810: 4805: 4803: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4778: 4776: 4768: 4763: 4756: 4751: 4744: 4739: 4732: 4727: 4720: 4715: 4708: 4703: 4696: 4691: 4685:, p. 38. 4684: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4664: 4658:, p. 37. 4657: 4652: 4645: 4640: 4633: 4628: 4621: 4616: 4609: 4604: 4597: 4592: 4585: 4580: 4573: 4568: 4561: 4556: 4549: 4544: 4537: 4532: 4525: 4520: 4513: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4494: 4489: 4482: 4477: 4470: 4465: 4458: 4453: 4446: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4422: 4417: 4410: 4405: 4398: 4393: 4386: 4381: 4374: 4369: 4362: 4357: 4350: 4345: 4338: 4333: 4326: 4321: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4285: 4278: 4273: 4266: 4261: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4239: 4234: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4191: 4186: 4184: 4176: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4153:, p. 31. 4152: 4147: 4141:, p. 55. 4140: 4135: 4128: 4123: 4114: 4107: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4071: 4066: 4059: 4054: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4032: 4027: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3979: 3974: 3967: 3962: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3920:, p. 86. 3919: 3914: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3890: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3854: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3828: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3806:, p. 83. 3805: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3776: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3752: 3747: 3740: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3721: 3713: 3708: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3682: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3573: 3567:, p. 14. 3566: 3561: 3554: 3549: 3547: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3524: 3519: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3483: 3476: 3471: 3464: 3459: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3404: 3399: 3392: 3387: 3380: 3375: 3369:, p. 22. 3368: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3260: 3255: 3248: 3243: 3236: 3231: 3224: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3200: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3173: 3168: 3161: 3156: 3149: 3144: 3137: 3132: 3125: 3120: 3113: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3084: 3077: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3048: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3009: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2988: 2983: 2977:, p. 62. 2976: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2959: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2882: 2876:, p. 18. 2875: 2870: 2868: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2831: 2825:, p. 47. 2824: 2819: 2812: 2807: 2801:, p. 92. 2800: 2795: 2789:, p. 43. 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2765:, p. 39. 2764: 2759: 2753:, p. 88. 2752: 2747: 2741:, p. 71. 2740: 2735: 2729:, p. 37. 2728: 2723: 2717:, p. 28. 2716: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2700:, p. 87. 2699: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2676:, p. 56. 2675: 2670: 2663: 2658: 2652:, p. 27. 2651: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2627: 2622: 2615: 2610: 2604:, p. 20. 2603: 2598: 2596: 2589:, p. 19. 2588: 2583: 2576: 2571: 2564: 2559: 2552: 2547: 2541:, p. 11. 2540: 2535: 2533: 2528: 2515: 2509: 2502: 2496: 2490:, p. 18. 2489: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2469:, p. 71. 2468: 2462: 2456:, p. 87. 2455: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2424: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2409:Camp John Hay 2406: 2403:was built in 2402: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2348:Carl Sandburg 2345: 2344:Roy P. Basler 2341: 2333: 2330:, inside the 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2305: 2301: 2299: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2241: 2236: 2227: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2172:nouveau riche 2169: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2126: 2119: 2111: 2110:Prairie Belle 2095: 2093: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2054:Paris Commune 2051: 2047: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1973:Presley Rixey 1970: 1965: 1962: 1956: 1947: 1945: 1944:Joseph Cannon 1941: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1878: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1751:Clarence King 1747: 1743: 1737: 1733: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1711:Leon Czolgosz 1708: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679:Garret Hobart 1674: 1664: 1660: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1586: 1576: 1574: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1549: 1544: 1530: 1528: 1527:Osborne House 1524: 1520: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1367: 1364: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311:Richard Olney 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1272:Panic of 1893 1269: 1265: 1258: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195:to construct 1194: 1189: 1187: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112:Samuel Tilden 1105: 1101: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1052:Euclid Avenue 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 997: 995: 991: 987: 986:Whitelaw Reid 983: 982: 972: 965: 955: 953: 952:Alvey A. Adee 949: 945: 941: 936: 934: 928: 926: 920: 918: 914: 904: 902: 896: 894: 893:Edwin Stanton 889: 885: 884:had been shot 881: 876: 874: 869: 863: 853: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 835:Union defeats 832: 828: 824: 819: 817: 816:border states 813: 809: 805: 797: 792: 783: 781: 777: 773: 768: 766: 762: 757: 752: 749: 748: 743: 739: 730: 726: 724: 719: 713: 710: 706: 702: 698: 689: 679: 669: 667: 661: 656: 654: 650: 644: 641: 639: 635: 631: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 563: 558: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 502:Whitelaw Reid 499: 495: 494: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 414: 411: 408: 404: 400: 397: 393: 389: 385: 382: 378: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 346: 342: 339: 335: 332:4, including 331: 327: 308: 304: 301: 298: 294: 290: 281: 277: 273: 257: 253: 248: 244: 241: 238: 232: 229: 226: 220: 214: 211: 209: 206: 205: 203: 199: 193: 188: 185: 180: 177: 174: 168: 165: 162: 156: 152: 148: 142: 137: 134: 127: 124: 121: 115: 112: 109: 103: 97: 94: 92: 89: 88: 86: 82: 76: 71: 68: 63: 59: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7826: 7713: 7688: 7641: 7552:Oscar Straus 7521:James Wilson 7416:Robert Wynne 7283:Robert Bacon 7270: 7204:James Wilson 7031: 7020:John Sherman 6701: 6419: 6376: 6349: 6238: 6228: 6218: 6199: 6191: 6175: 6146: 6128: 6124: 6112: 6108: 6091:(1): 19–27. 6088: 6084: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6036: 6032: 6015:(1): 69–93. 6012: 6008: 5988: 5984: 5961: 5957: 5946:the original 5941: 5937: 5903: 5871: 5853: 5830: 5810: 5784: 5761: 5737: 5727: 5706: 5693:Bibliography 5679: 5669: 5657:. Retrieved 5637: 5630: 5618:. Retrieved 5609: 5599: 5587:. Retrieved 5583:the original 5572: 5560:. Retrieved 5545: 5533:. Retrieved 5529:the original 5518: 5506:. Retrieved 5492: 5483: 5471:. Retrieved 5457: 5449: 5444: 5432:. Retrieved 5414: 5409:, p. 6. 5402: 5390: 5385:, p. 3. 5378: 5332: 5320: 5308: 5296: 5284: 5272: 5260: 5248: 5236: 5209: 5197: 5185: 5143: 5131: 5119: 5107: 5095: 5083: 5071: 5059: 5047: 5035: 5023: 5011: 4999: 4987: 4975: 4963: 4951: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4903: 4891: 4879: 4867: 4855: 4843: 4831: 4789: 4762: 4750: 4738: 4726: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4663: 4651: 4639: 4627: 4615: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4567: 4555: 4543: 4531: 4519: 4488: 4476: 4464: 4452: 4440: 4428: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4344: 4332: 4320: 4308: 4296: 4284: 4272: 4260: 4233: 4221: 4209: 4197: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4134: 4122: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4077: 4065: 4053: 4026: 4003: 3997: 3985: 3973: 3961: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3853: 3841: 3799: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3707: 3695: 3668: 3656: 3644: 3632: 3625:Friedlaender 3620: 3613:Friedlaender 3608: 3601:Friedlaender 3596: 3584: 3577:Friedlaender 3572: 3560: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3386: 3374: 3362: 3350: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3266: 3254: 3242: 3230: 3218: 3206: 3194: 3167: 3155: 3143: 3131: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035:. Retrieved 3030: 3026: 3022: 3015: 2982: 2953: 2941: 2929: 2917: 2905: 2893: 2881: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2693: 2681: 2669: 2657: 2645: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2582: 2570: 2558: 2546: 2508: 2495: 2474: 2461: 2448: 2421: 2417: 2399: 2395:Liberty ship 2377: 2371: 2352: 2339: 2336: 2323: 2310: 2297: 2277: 2273: 2254: 2247: 2244: 2223: 2221: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2189: 2177: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2143: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2109: 2099: 2091: 2086:The Atlantic 2084: 2080: 2067:Risorgimento 2065: 2062: 2046:Napoleon III 2043: 2013: 2011: 1999: 1966: 1961:Newfoundland 1957: 1953: 1937: 1924: 1899: 1879: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1842:Panama Canal 1821: 1809:Tomás Herrán 1802: 1790: 1772: 1760: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1704: 1692: 1676: 1661: 1648:Wu Ting-fang 1645: 1630: 1626: 1615: 1607: 1599: 1595:treaty ports 1588: 1569: 1565:outrageously 1564: 1557: 1553: 1516: 1511: 1506:Rough Riders 1499: 1492: 1484: 1468: 1461: 1449: 1441: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1400: 1378: 1362: 1360: 1355: 1346:his campaign 1339: 1304: 1288: 1261: 1229:John Sherman 1217: 1190: 1182: 1163: 1148: 1137: 1128: 1109: 1086: 1068: 1045: 1031:By the time 1030: 1008: 1005:Mrs. O'Leary 998: 993: 989: 979: 977: 966:and marriage 963: 947: 937: 929: 921: 913:John Bigelow 910: 900: 897: 877: 865: 839: 820: 808:Jersey Shore 801: 796:Mathew Brady 769: 761:Galusha Grow 753: 745: 735: 714: 705:was sworn in 694: 666:Joshua Zeitz 662: 658: 648: 646: 642: 626: 616: 605:John Nicolay 590: 567: 541:Panama Canal 514: 491: 489: 446: 421: 420: 406:Battles/wars 284:(1905-07-01) 282:July 1, 1905 235:Succeeded by 191: 171:Succeeded by 140: 118:Succeeded by 74: 36: 8069:1905 deaths 8064:1838 births 7665:J. Q. Adams 7658:(1815–1893) 7606:(1785–1811) 7554:(1906–1909) 7548:(1904–1906) 7542:(1903–1904) 7523:(1901–1909) 7504:(1907–1909) 7498:(1901–1907) 7479:(1908–1909) 7473:(1906–1908) 7467:(1905–1906) 7461:(1904–1905) 7459:Paul Morton 7455:(1902–1904) 7449:(1901–1902) 7430:(1907–1909) 7424:(1905–1907) 7418:(1904–1905) 7412:(1902–1904) 7406:(1901–1902) 7387:(1906–1909) 7381:(1904–1906) 7375:(1901–1904) 7356:(1908–1909) 7350:(1904–1908) 7344:(1901–1904) 7325:(1907–1909) 7319:(1902–1907) 7313:(1901–1902) 7279:(1905–1909) 7273:(1901–1905) 7256:(1901–1909) 7206:(1897–1901) 7187:(1899–1901) 7181:(1897–1899) 7162:(1897–1901) 7143:(1898–1901) 7137:(1897–1898) 7112:(1898–1901) 7106:(1897–1898) 7087:(1899–1901) 7081:(1897–1899) 7062:(1897–1901) 7034:(1898–1901) 7022:(1897–1898) 7005:(1897–1901) 6832:Christopher 6827:Eagleburger 6767:G. Marshall 6537:J. Marshall 6125:Smithsonian 5659:December 7, 5407:Zeitz 2014a 5395:Zeitz 2014a 5383:Zeitz 2014a 5265:Zeitz 2014a 5253:Zeitz 2014a 4755:Zeitz 2014a 4743:Zeitz 2014a 4512:Zeitz 2014a 4058:Zeitz 2014a 4031:Zeitz 2014a 3834:Zeitz 2014a 3637:Zeitz 2014a 3553:Zeitz 2014a 3487:Zeitz 2014a 3439:Zeitz 2014a 3379:Zeitz 2014a 3295:Zeitz 2014a 3283:Zeitz 2014a 3199:Zeitz 2014a 3124:Zeitz 2014a 3008:Zeitz 2014b 2987:Zeitz 2014a 2886:Zeitz 2014a 2847:Zeitz 2014a 2799:Zeitz 2014a 2775:Zeitz 2014a 2739:Zeitz 2014a 2674:Zeitz 2014a 2467:Zeitz 2014a 2454:Zeitz 2014a 2216:The Century 2112:took fire,— 2040:Early works 1978:Bad Nauheim 1926:department. 1698:during the 1480:bimetallism 1443:Vanity Fair 1375:Appointment 1342:barnstormed 1331:free silver 1151:Henry Adams 1048:Amasa Stone 940:Isabella II 691:Hay in 1862 597:Springfield 588:, in 1841. 311:Clara Stone 223:Preceded by 159:Preceded by 106:Preceded by 55:Hay in 1897 8058:Categories 7992:W. Johnson 7927:Richardson 7780:Pierrepont 7765:R. Johnson 7342:Elihu Root 7317:L. M. Shaw 7277:Elihu Root 7085:Elihu Root 6757:Stettinius 6425:1897–1898 6399:Elihu Root 6393:1898–1905 6355:1879–1881 5964:: 137–66. 5562:October 8, 5420:"John Hay" 5371:Taliaferro 5301:Taliaferro 5289:Taliaferro 5241:Taliaferro 4956:Taliaferro 4944:Taliaferro 4932:Taliaferro 4920:Taliaferro 4896:Taliaferro 4872:Taliaferro 4860:Taliaferro 4836:Taliaferro 4824:Taliaferro 4794:Taliaferro 4707:Taliaferro 4695:Taliaferro 4668:Taliaferro 4644:Taliaferro 4632:Taliaferro 4620:Taliaferro 4596:Taliaferro 4584:Taliaferro 4572:Taliaferro 4548:Taliaferro 4536:Taliaferro 4524:Taliaferro 4481:Taliaferro 4457:Taliaferro 4445:Taliaferro 4433:Taliaferro 4409:Taliaferro 4373:Taliaferro 4361:Taliaferro 4349:Taliaferro 4325:Taliaferro 4313:Taliaferro 4289:Taliaferro 4265:Taliaferro 4253:Taliaferro 4238:Taliaferro 4226:Taliaferro 4214:Taliaferro 4175:Taliaferro 4163:Taliaferro 4106:Taliaferro 4094:Taliaferro 4070:Taliaferro 4046:Taliaferro 3978:Taliaferro 3966:Taliaferro 3906:Taliaferro 3894:Taliaferro 3882:Taliaferro 3858:Taliaferro 3846:Taliaferro 3819:Taliaferro 3792:Taliaferro 3775:Taliaferro 3763:Taliaferro 3739:Taliaferro 3727:Taliaferro 3700:Taliaferro 3688:Taliaferro 3451:Taliaferro 3415:Taliaferro 3403:Taliaferro 3391:Taliaferro 3355:Taliaferro 3331:Taliaferro 3319:Taliaferro 3307:Taliaferro 3271:Taliaferro 3259:Taliaferro 3235:Taliaferro 3223:Taliaferro 3172:Taliaferro 3160:Taliaferro 3136:Taliaferro 3112:Taliaferro 3100:Taliaferro 3076:Taliaferro 3064:Taliaferro 2958:Taliaferro 2934:Taliaferro 2910:Taliaferro 2859:Taliaferro 2835:Taliaferro 2823:Taliaferro 2787:Taliaferro 2763:Taliaferro 2727:Taliaferro 2650:Taliaferro 2614:Taliaferro 2524:References 2136:Bret Harte 2058:Chassepots 2015:Ave Caesar 2006:Edward VII 1990:Leopold II 1986:Wilhelm II 1846:Elihu Root 1727:Staying on 1513:character. 1440:of Hay in 1438:Caricature 1396:Mark Hanna 1370:Ambassador 1268:Mark Hanna 1140:Mrs. Hayes 1022:Mark Twain 634:Nora Perry 617:alma mater 593:Pittsfield 547:Early life 388:Union Army 300:Republican 265:1838-10-08 123:Elihu Root 8048:Biography 7932:Armstrong 7922:Annenberg 7745:Ingersoll 7720:Stevenson 7705:Van Buren 7251:President 7000:President 6914:Tillerson 6797:Kissinger 6642:Washburne 6567:Van Buren 6532:Pickering 6522:Jefferson 5163:Dalrymple 4908:Thayer II 4884:Thayer II 4719:Thayer II 4493:Thayer II 4469:Thayer II 4385:Thayer II 3037:April 25, 2374:Mount Hay 1982:Frankfurt 1910:Abdelaziz 1788:changes. 1603:Hong Kong 1419:The Times 1382:asthmatic 1209:The Fells 628:included 599:attorney 535:with the 363:Signature 344:Education 201:President 192:In office 182:12th 150:President 141:In office 84:President 75:In office 65:37th 8036:Illinois 7937:Brewster 7892:Harriman 7862:Houghton 7760:C. Adams 7750:Buchanan 7740:Lawrence 7735:Bancroft 7685:Lawrence 7680:Gallatin 7613:J. Adams 7271:John Hay 7032:John Hay 6844:Albright 6602:Buchanan 6527:Randolph 6322:LibriVox 6291:Archived 6279:Archived 6267:Archived 6255:Archived 6097:40193908 6073:27747664 6045:40191317 6021:40190942 5997:25105451 5970:25080672 5901:(2014). 5852:(1915). 5807:(1959). 5758:(1980). 5738:John Hay 5653:Archived 5620:July 19, 5614:Archived 5589:July 17, 5556:Archived 5535:July 17, 5473:July 29, 5467:Archived 5434:July 17, 5428:Archived 3511:Ackerman 3148:Thayer I 3088:Thayer I 3052:Thayer I 2946:Thayer I 2898:Thayer I 2751:Thayer I 2698:Thayer I 2626:Thayer I 2551:Thayer I 2428:See also 2400:John Hay 2398:SS 2372:In 1923 1828:revolted 1707:was shot 1700:Boer War 1696:Pretoria 1091:(1883). 1079:a strike 1011:came as 823:ironclad 477:was shot 461:read law 447:Born in 338:Adelbert 329:Children 43:John Hay 8010:Portals 7997:Hartley 7912:Whitney 7907:Aldrich 7902:Gifford 7897:Douglas 7882:Kennedy 7877:Bingham 7857:Kellogg 7800:Lincoln 7775:Schenck 7725:Everett 7695:Barbour 7638:Russell 7633:Pinkney 7618:Pickney 7247:Cabinet 6996:Cabinet 6938:Blinken 6885:Clinton 6772:Acheson 6747:Stimson 6742:Kellogg 6727:Lansing 6692:Sherman 6682:Gresham 6617:Everett 6612:Webster 6607:Clayton 6597:Calhoun 6587:Webster 6582:Forsyth 6542:Madison 6311:at the 5508:May 16, 5028:Howells 4809:Woolman 4139:Dennett 3673:Kushner 3661:Kushner 3589:Kushner 3538:Kushner 3523:Kushner 3499:Kushner 3475:Kushner 3463:Kushner 3427:Kushner 3247:Kushner 3211:Kushner 3187:Kushner 2686:Kushner 2514:Woolman 2501:Woolman 2484:colonel 2380:on the 2274:Q&A 2184:Ananias 2050:Liberty 1980:, near 1914:Tangier 1862:Tribune 1550:, 1899. 1462:Alabama 1429:Service 1317:of the 1164:Tribune 1129:Tribune 1009:Tribune 994:Tribune 990:Tribune 964:Tribune 638:hashish 401:Colonel 323: 315: 7987:Barzun 7982:Susman 7977:Tuttle 7972:Farish 7887:Winant 7872:Mellon 7852:Harvey 7832:Choate 7822:Bayard 7795:Phelps 7790:Lowell 7770:Motley 7755:Dallas 7730:McLane 7700:McLane 7628:Monroe 7285:(1909) 7118:(1901) 7028:(1898) 6926:Pompeo 6890:tenure 6873:tenure 6856:Powell 6817:Shultz 6807:Muskie 6792:Rogers 6782:Herter 6777:Dulles 6762:Byrnes 6737:Hughes 6677:Foster 6672:Blaine 6667:Bayard 6657:Blaine 6652:Evarts 6637:Seward 6592:Upshur 6577:McLane 6552:Monroe 6205:Review 6182:C-SPAN 6153: 6095: 6071: 6043: 6019: 5995: 5968: 5911: 5891:445576 5889: 5879: 5862:445576 5860: 5838: 5821:456809 5819: 5793: 5770: 5744: 5714: 5674:41–48. 5645: 5214:Sloane 4014: 2413:Baguio 2304:C-SPAN 2284:C-SPAN 2180:ticket 2163:(1883) 1837:a zone 1811:. The 1757:Panama 1652:Peking 1446:, 1897 1329:on a " 901:always 756:Willie 496:under 399:Brevet 306:Spouse 291:, U.S. 274:, U.S. 7967:Lader 7962:Crowe 7957:Seitz 7952:Catto 7947:Price 7942:Louis 7917:Bruce 7867:Dawes 7847:Davis 7785:Welsh 6943:trips 6931:trips 6919:trips 6907:trips 6902:Kerry 6895:trips 6878:trips 6861:trips 6849:trips 6837:trips 6822:Baker 6802:Vance 6732:Colby 6722:Bryan 6712:Bacon 6687:Olney 6632:Black 6622:Marcy 6557:Adams 6547:Smith 6131:(10). 6093:JSTOR 6069:JSTOR 6041:JSTOR 6017:JSTOR 5993:JSTOR 5966:JSTOR 5949:(PDF) 5934:(PDF) 5698:Books 5684:Gould 5202:Jaher 5190:Jaher 5148:Jaher 4421:Leech 4127:Gould 4082:Gould 2440:Notes 1591:Japan 1493:Maine 831:major 334:Helen 317:( 313: 7842:Page 7837:Reid 7710:Vail 7675:King 7670:Rush 7623:King 6868:Rice 6812:Haig 6787:Rusk 6752:Hull 6717:Knox 6707:Root 6647:Fish 6627:Cass 6562:Clay 6151:ISBN 6115:(4). 5909:ISBN 5887:OCLC 5877:ISBN 5858:OCLC 5836:ISBN 5817:OCLC 5791:ISBN 5768:ISBN 5742:ISBN 5712:ISBN 5661:2017 5643:ISBN 5622:2016 5591:2014 5564:2015 5537:2014 5510:2018 5475:2014 5436:2014 5356:Gale 5337:Gale 5325:Gale 5313:Gale 5277:Gale 5229:Gale 5178:Gale 5136:Gale 5124:Gale 5100:Gale 5088:Gale 5052:Gale 5040:Gale 5016:Gale 5004:Gale 4992:Gale 4968:Gale 4848:Gale 4683:Gale 4656:Gale 4151:Gale 4012:ISBN 3649:Gale 3565:Gale 3367:Gale 3039:2014 2874:Gale 2488:Gale 2482:and 1938:The 1491:USS 1024:and 632:and 560:The 500:and 483:, a 440:and 395:Rank 336:and 279:Died 255:Born 7827:Hay 7249:of 6998:of 6702:Hay 6697:Day 6493:Jay 6320:at 6302:at 6207:by 5989:181 1967:By 1709:by 611:in 8060:: 6386:, 6237:, 6227:, 6217:, 6180:, 6129:44 6127:. 6113:14 6111:. 6089:99 6087:. 6063:. 6037:67 6035:. 6013:65 6011:. 5987:. 5962:81 5942:28 5940:. 5936:. 5885:. 5651:. 5608:. 5554:. 5501:, 5497:. 5491:. 5426:. 5422:. 5363:^ 5344:^ 5221:^ 5170:^ 5155:^ 4816:^ 4801:^ 4774:^ 4675:^ 4500:^ 4245:^ 4182:^ 4038:^ 4006:. 3826:^ 3811:^ 3782:^ 3719:^ 3680:^ 3545:^ 3530:^ 3179:^ 2994:^ 2965:^ 2866:^ 2705:^ 2594:^ 2531:^ 2340:he 2302:, 2282:, 1921:: 1819:. 1659:. 1302:. 1058:, 615:, 543:. 356:MA 354:, 352:AB 319:m. 8012:: 7716:) 7712:( 7691:) 7687:( 7644:) 7640:( 7587:e 7580:t 7573:v 7239:e 7232:t 7225:v 6988:e 6981:t 6974:v 6462:e 6455:t 6448:v 6099:. 6075:. 6065:2 6047:. 6023:. 5999:. 5972:. 5917:. 5893:. 5864:. 5844:. 5823:. 5799:. 5776:. 5750:. 5720:. 5663:. 5624:. 5593:. 5566:. 5539:. 5512:. 5477:. 5438:. 4811:. 4020:. 3041:. 3010:. 2516:. 2503:. 2017:! 1259:. 798:. 390:) 386:( 358:) 350:( 267:) 263:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index