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249:". He was a friendly and low-key person who was dedicated to providing the Cherokee people opportunities to thrive, including the use of technology and formal education. Jolly did not speak English, but likely understood it as well as other tribal languages and French. He led the plantation group of Cherokee originating in Tennessee after his brother Tahlonteeskee's departure for 'the west' in 1809. His brother, one of the first '
385:
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painted his portrait in 1834. He described him as "...a dignified chief … a mixture of white and red blood, of which … the first seems decidedly to predominate". Of his visit to the
Cherokee, he mentioned that there were six or seven thousand members of the tribe under Jolly who had removed with him
351:
to ensure a successful removal from
Tennessee. Jolly's brother, Tahlonteeskee, received $ 1,000 and other delegates received $ 500 each. In February 1818, Jolly and his followers left Tennessee with sixteen riverboats, provisions for 70 days, and rifles that they received from the government. They
421:
There are ways in which the
Cherokee Nation lived like southern planters. Their labor was supplied by enslaved black people. They had nice goods, clothing, and furnishings that they purchased from Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New Orleans. They copied the fine mansions of the South when they built
458:
upon the death of his brother
Tahlonteeskee in the spring of 1819. He was responsible for managing the affairs of the Cherokee within the Cherokee settlements and with governmental officials over diplomatic issues, particularly the treaties between the Cherokee and the United States government.
467:
Jolly was elected president of the
Arkansas Cherokee after the tribal government was reorganized in 1824. He worked with Arkansas territorial authorities and government officials in Washington D.C. regarding treaty rights and security. There was pressure on the Cherokees to relinquish land as
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and was supported by Jolly. Jolly was popular with the planter class, who were often of
Cherokee and European descent and whose lives were similar to Southern planters, as well as the full-blooded Cherokee, who did not trust whites and wanted to maintain their culture and heritage.
674:
He is described as a man of uncommon force and courage, which would be natural in his position, and as at that time about sixty years of age, of massive frame, although not tall, and a rotund but commanding countenance, with his long locks plentifully sprinkled with
522:
with a number of his enslaved men bearing torches. Jolly was grateful for
Houston's return, both because he was happy to be a place of refuge and because the Nation could use his assistance in ensuring that the Cherokee people's voices were heard by the government.
400:
Jolly had a large plantation, with a network of fields and peach orchards, worked by up to twelve slaves. He had more than 500 head of cattle. He was a generous host to whoever visited his large, fine house. His visitors included naturalist
422:
their homes. But they did not approve of the way that whites lived, and they had their own cultural traditions. For instance, Houston and Jolly followed an ancient tradition among friends where they fed one another from a common spoon.
375:
Jolly saw that native tribes were being pushed west within the United States. He believed that the tribes should unite and become the United Tribes of
America to "...preserve the sinking race of Native Americans from extinction."
500:. During Jolly's term of office, the Cherokee Nation—West adopted a constitution establishing a tripartite government, much like that previously adopted by the Cherokee Nation—East (1827). Jolly established a capital city,
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to squelch a rumor that
Cherokees were interested in selling any of their land. He also conveyed that the U.S. government had not met the financial terms of the treaty of 1817.
290:, meaning 'the Raven'. He became an emissary for the Cherokee and helped negotiate treaties, and—eventually—their removal to the west. Houston later returned to his family in
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1996:
2011:
1981:
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340:. The rights of the Cherokee people, however, were not clearly spelled out in the treaty. Houston was subagent to the Cherokee during the negotiations.
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518:, which sparked many rumors and theories, and led to his resignation as governor of Tennessee. Jolly met Houston when the steamboat arrived at
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294:, but he lived once again with the Cherokee in the west in 1829. Jolly was a source of refuge for Houston after his ill-fated marriage to
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was established to protect the
Cherokee, who had not been at war for some time. They also had pressure from pioneering white people.
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on Hiwassee Island in 1809. He was taken in by Jolly, who treated him like a son. Jolly adopted him and acted as his father in the
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44:
564:, used to be commonly known as "Jolly's Island" after the Cherokee leader. Residents in the area sometimes still call it that.
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In 1828, most of the western Cherokee were moved from Indian reserve areas in the Arkansas Territory to the newly established
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1971:
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While many Native American tribes ranged over land to hunt and gather food, Cherokees were among the first agrarians.
206:. Jolly was a wealthy slave-owning planter, cow rancher, and merchant. In many ways, he lived the life of a Southern
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John Jolly was born around 1769, into a mixed-race family in Tennessee. He had a successful trading post on
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496:). Jolly established a plantation at the confluence of the Arkansas and Illinois Rivers, near present-day
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360:. When they began to settle on their land, they learned that they were historic hunting grounds of the
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Black Coat, who served with Jolly as second chief, died in the spring of 1835, and was succeeded by
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336:. The Cherokee lands were located north of the Arkansas River, in the area designated as
198:(now Oklahoma). After a reorganization of the tribal government around 1818, he was made
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649:. Vol. 10. New York, New York: Historical Publication Company. pp. 401–408.
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One writer states that much of Jolly's success "was due to the counsel and support of
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2006:
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2518:
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2383:
2348:
2314:
1991:
1853:
1338:
654:
526:
344:
332:. They were given an equal amount of land to what they had owned east of the
253:' of the western Cherokee, moved after the United States' acquisition of the
207:
62:
58:
662:
620:
Jolly said to Houston: "My home is yours—my people are yours—rest with us."
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In 1829, Sam Houston sought refuge with Jolly after his brief marriage to
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271:
149:
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The bribing of the treaty negotiators may have been unknown to Houston.
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1898:
1828:
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moved to the Arkansas District, living along the Arkansas River near
246:
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430:
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2001:
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and was supported by Jolly. The mission was near Jolly's residence.
279:
274:
first met Jolly when he was a teenager. He had left his family in
3146:
2284:
2026:
1941:
1878:
1265:
1033:
Cherokee Tragedy: The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People
384:
1986:
1893:
1888:
1376:
1191:
1186:
361:
2798:
2648:
1883:
897:"Chief Thomas Mitchell Buffington and William Charles Rogers"
755:
Cherokee Nation, The Official Website of the Cherokee Nation
2788:
1090:
854:
852:
850:
848:
947:
945:
2625:
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
324:) and his followers moved to western Arkansas, along the
864:
845:
823:
821:
312:
His brother settled with tribe members in what was then
942:
808:
806:
733:
731:
729:
647:
The Magazine of American History with Notes and Queries
918:
833:
779:
343:
The Cherokee treaty delegates were bribed by Governor
818:
930:
876:
803:
767:
726:
3473:
Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
791:
230:. The island was located at the confluence of the
894:
190:) was a leader of the Cherokee in Tennessee, the
148:, John Rogers Jr.; Niece, Tiana Rogers, (wife of
3444:
3202:Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center
3182:Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center
2525:Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)
2485:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824-present)
1028:. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
963:
241:Jolly was also a wealthy planter. He dressed in
548:, who had been his assistant principal chief.
540:Jolly served until his death near present-day
2814:
1106:
966:"The Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation"
743:
1055:John Jolly, Cherokee Nation Official Website
1041:"Sam Houston : for Texas and the Union"
511:", his brother-in-law and Cherokee headman.
1073:Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation–West
703:
192:Arkansaw district of the Missouri Territory
3167:Sam Houston High School (Arlington, Texas)
2874:Republic of Texas House of Representatives
2821:
2807:
1113:
1099:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
641:Williams, Alfred M. (July–December 1883).
379:
286:. Jolly gave Houston the Cherokee name of
260:
43:
3095:Sam Houston and Native American relations
1005:Sam Houston with the Cherokees, 1829-1833
584:United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians
454:Jolly was elected Principal Chief of the
160:Cherokee Leadership; first leader of the
2987:List of United States political families
1038:
839:
640:
429:
383:
1035:. (New York: Macmillan Company, 1970).
1026:Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic
1001:
951:
936:
924:
882:
870:
858:
827:
812:
797:
785:
773:
737:
680:
450:was in the light green area of the map.
3445:
2842:United States House of Representatives
544:in December 1838. He was succeeded by
2802:
1094:
707:
556:Hiwassee Island, at the mouth of the
301:
267:Sam Houston's life with the Cherokees
3008:Steamboat House (Huntsville, Texas)
2927:Antoinette Power Houston Bringhurst
2127:First Cherokee Female Seminary Site
1222:Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
964:Gaston L. Litton (September 1937).
19:For the New Zealand cricketer, see
13:
2866:President of the Republic of Texas
1776:Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
1043:. New York : PowerPlus Books.
708:Early, Ann M. (October 29, 2013).
504:, named in honor of his brother.
472:of the United States. He wrote to
425:
14:
3489:
3390:The Alamo: Thirteen Days to Glory
3172:Sam Houston High School (Houston)
3061:Timeline of the Republic of Texas
3051:Texas Declaration of Independence
2445:Cherokee Nation West (1810-1839)
2410:Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)
1048:
3056:Timeline of the Texas Revolution
1600:Cherokee Preservation Foundation
1008:. University of Oklahoma Press.
579:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
3207:Sam Houston Ship Channel Bridge
2828:
2580:Cherokee Nation (1975–present)
957:
888:
643:"General Houston's Indian Life"
614:
605:
2860:Commander-in-chief (1835–1836)
2280:Hiwassee River Heritage Center
2207:Chief Vann House Historic Site
2117:Cherokee Removal Memorial Park
751:"About the Nation: John Jolly"
634:
596:
368:people, who fought with them.
245:hunting shirts, leggings, and
144:; Sister, Jenny Due; Nephews,
1:
2217:Museum of the Cherokee People
627:
3212:Sam Houston State University
3003:Woodland (Huntsville, Texas)
2305:Five Civilized Tribes Museum
2182:Red Clay State Historic Park
1794:Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal)
1120:
1039:Woodward, Walter M. (2003).
1002:Gregory, Jack Dwain (1996).
470:settled in the western lands
462:
405:. He stayed in contact with
213:
7:
3428:Bibliography of Sam Houston
3290:(Austin and Washington, DC)
3187:Sam Houston National Forest
2789:Cherokee-language Knowledge
2609:Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith
1630:Cherokee Southwest Township
1615:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
1547:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
1464:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
1283:Flag of the Cherokee Nation
567:
483:
314:southern Missouri Territory
16:Cherokee leader (died 1838)
10:
3494:
1750:Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt
1725:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
1635:Oconaluftee Indian Village
1610:Original Keetoowah Society
995:
456:Cherokee Nation—West
316:. After a treaty in 1817,
305:
278:and come to live with the
264:
204:Cherokee Nation–West
77:Cherokee Nation–West
18:
3420:
3397:The Conqueror (1917 film)
3365:
3340:
3333:
3311:
3272:
3246:
3228:Houston County, Minnesota
3220:
3139:
3118:
3107:
3082:
3021:
2995:
2907:
2900:
2836:
2784:
2323:
2162:Trail of Tears State Park
2112:Cherokee National Capitol
2102:
1784:
1689:
1587:
1518:Jackson and McMinn Treaty
1493:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
1347:
1291:
1227:Cherokee Immersion School
1154:
1128:
1079:
1070:
1062:
551:
409:. Near his house was the
167:
156:
136:
124:
116:
111:
107:
95:
83:
75:
71:
42:
35:
28:
2295:Fort Smith Historic Site
2063:Western Cherokee Nation
1662:Cherokee Central Schools
1447:Battle of Lindley's Fort
1217:Cherokee (Unicode block)
714:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
589:
3254:Sam Houston Award Medal
3131:Sam Houston Schoolhouse
3090:Sam Houston and slavery
2654:Tahlonteeskee (warrior)
2640:Other notable Cherokee
1574:Jacob Brown Grant Deeds
895:John Bartlett Meserve.
542:Webbers Falls, Oklahoma
498:Webbers Falls, Oklahoma
380:Planter and businessman
261:Adoption of Sam Houston
131:Webbers Falls, Oklahoma
3013:Mrs. Sam Houston House
2942:Andrew Jackson Houston
2868:(1836–1838; 1841–1844)
2574:William Charles Rogers
2494:William Holland Thomas
2270:The Great Trading Path
1437:Cherokee–American wars
1023:McLoughlin, William G.
970:Chronicles of Oklahoma
901:Chronicles of Oklahoma
451:
397:
392:was run by missionary
21:John Jolly (cricketer)
3478:People from Tennessee
3468:Cherokee slave owners
3463:Cherokee Old Settlers
3303:Texas Heroes Monument
3197:Sam Houston Race Park
3177:The Sam Houston Hotel
3031:Battle of San Jacinto
2952:Margaret Bell Houston
2850:Governor of Tennessee
2300:Port Royal State Park
1525:Transylvania Purchase
1498:Treaty of Hard Labour
1420:Siege of Fort Loudoun
1146:United Keetoowah Band
433:
387:
265:Further information:
3295:A Tribute to Courage
3280:Sam Houston Monument
3233:Houston, Mississippi
3157:Sam Houston Coliseum
3036:Consultation of 1835
2957:Margaret Lea Houston
2882:United States Senate
2564:Samuel Houston Mayes
1741:The Cherokee Tobacco
1733:Worcester v. Georgia
1717:freedmen controversy
1677:Sequoyah High School
1667:Cherokee High School
1530:Chickamauga Cherokee
1488:Treaty of Turkeytown
1478:Treaty of New Echota
1454:Nickajack Expedition
1432:Cherokee War of 1776
478:governor of Arkansas
436:Arkansaw Territory's
328:at the mouth of the
292:Maryville, Tennessee
276:Maryville, Tennessee
37:Ahuludegi, Oolooteka
3066:Treaties of Velasco
2982:Houston family tree
2172:Rattlesnake Springs
1757:Cherokee Commission
1442:Battle of Hightower
1329:Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï
1232:New Kituwah Academy
1197:Green Corn Ceremony
1031:Wilkins, Thurman.
976:(7). Archived from
560:where it meets the
3320:Sam Houston Zephyr
3083:Cultural relations
3041:Convention of 1836
2977:Nancy Moffette Lea
2967:Temple Lea Houston
2364:Outacite of Keowee
2275:The Great War Path
2250:Oconaluftee valley
2235:Stick Ball Grounds
2157:Tellico Blockhouse
1562:Indian Removal Act
1508:Treaty of Hopewell
1503:Treaty of Lochaber
1459:American Civil War
1415:Anglo-Cherokee War
1299:Ani Hyuntikwalaski
452:
413:run by missionary
398:
302:Arkansas Territory
255:Louisiana Purchase
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3329:
3328:
3238:Houston, Missouri
3103:
3102:
2890:Governor of Texas
2796:
2795:
2749:Clement V. Rogers
2619:Chuck Hoskin, Jr.
2569:Thomas Buffington
2334:Moytoy of Tellico
2255:Oconaluftee River
2187:Hair Conrad Cabin
2122:Chieftains Museum
1673:Sequoyah Schools
1535:Overhill Cherokee
1513:Treaty of Holston
1483:Treaty of Tellico
1473:Cherokee treaties
1244:Spiritual beliefs
1089:
1088:
1080:Succeeded by
1015:978-0-8061-2809-2
873:, pp. 11–13.
861:, pp. 11–12.
448:Lovely's Purchase
338:Lovely's Purchase
334:Mississippi River
308:Lovely's Purchase
228:eastern Tennessee
171:
170:
3485:
3338:
3337:
3192:Sam Houston Park
3152:Fort Sam Houston
3116:
3115:
3023:Texas Revolution
2937:Price Daniel Jr.
2932:Thomas Caruthers
2905:
2904:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2719:Markwayne Mullin
2549:Dennis Bushyhead
2429:Charles R. Hicks
2354:Moytoy of Citico
2245:Tuckasegee River
2167:Brainerd Mission
2152:Sequoyah's Cabin
2059:Cherokee Nations
1697:Principal Chiefs
1690:Politics and law
1641:Unto These Hills
1605:Warriors Society
1567:Cherokee descent
1541:Cherokee Phoenix
1425:Battle of Echoee
1408:Battle of Taliwa
1387:skiagusta (rank)
1314:Moon-eyed people
1249:Moon-eyed people
1167:National holiday
1115:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1077:1819–1838
1063:Preceded by
1060:
1059:
1044:
1019:
989:
988:
986:
985:
961:
955:
954:, pp. 9–10.
949:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
903:. Archived from
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
843:
837:
831:
825:
816:
810:
801:
795:
789:
788:, pp. 8–10.
783:
777:
771:
765:
764:
762:
761:
747:
741:
735:
724:
723:
721:
720:
705:
678:
677:
671:
669:
638:
621:
618:
612:
609:
603:
600:
530:from Tennessee.
492:(in present-day
490:Indian Territory
444:Indian Territory
354:Spadra, Arkansas
222:(in present-day
196:Indian Territory
186:; also known as
112:Personal details
98:
86:
52:, also known as
47:
26:
25:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3432:
3416:
3411:Man of Conquest
3404:The First Texan
3361:
3334:Popular culture
3325:
3307:
3268:
3242:
3216:
3135:
3110:
3099:
3078:
3017:
2991:
2962:Sam Houston Jr.
2909:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2797:
2792:
2780:
2769:Kimberly Teehee
2629:James L. Gordon
2614:Bill John Baker
2599:Wilma Mankiller
2539:William P. Ross
2514:Patrick Lambert
2359:Standing Turkey
2319:
2265:Sycamore Shoals
2240:Cullasaja River
2192:Nancy Ward Tomb
2142:John Ross House
2104:
2098:
2092:Qualla Boundary
2067:Cherokee Nation
1869:Hiwassee Island
1799:Amoyeligunahita
1786:
1780:
1685:
1652:Female Seminary
1625:Heritage groups
1595:Heritage Center
1583:
1579:Texas Cherokees
1392:outacite (rank)
1343:
1287:
1150:
1136:Cherokee Nation
1124:
1119:
1085:
1076:
1068:
1051:
1016:
998:
993:
992:
983:
981:
962:
958:
950:
943:
935:
931:
927:, pp. 3–5.
923:
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910:
908:
893:
889:
881:
877:
869:
865:
857:
846:
838:
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780:
772:
768:
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681:
667:
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635:
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625:
624:
619:
615:
610:
606:
601:
597:
592:
570:
554:
486:
465:
438:evolution into
428:
426:Principal Chief
415:Cephas Washburn
394:Cephas Washburn
382:
349:John C. Calhoun
310:
304:
284:Cherokee Nation
269:
263:
236:Hiwassee Rivers
220:Hiwassee Island
216:
200:Principal Chief
129:
96:
84:
67:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3491:
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3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
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3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
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3164:
3162:Houston County
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3126:Houston County
3122:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3080:
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3076:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3046:Runaway Scrape
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
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3005:
2999:
2997:
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2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2947:Joshua Houston
2944:
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2794:
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2771:
2766:
2764:Hastings Shade
2761:
2759:Durbin Feeling
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:Jenny McIntosh
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Yvette Herrell
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:Nunnahitsunega
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:Elias Boudinot
2671:
2666:
2661:
2659:Turtle-at-Home
2656:
2651:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2622:
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2616:
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2606:
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2596:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2577:
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2559:Johnson Harris
2556:
2551:
2546:
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2389:Dragging Canoe
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2341:
2339:Attakullakulla
2336:
2330:Early leaders
2327:
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2321:
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2232:
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2209:
2204:
2202:Bussell Island
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:Ross's Landing
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:Judaculla Rock
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2105:memorial sites
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Spike Bucktown
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1911:
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1790:
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1778:
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1771:
1770:
1769:
1762:Cherokee Strip
1754:
1746:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1699:
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1557:Trail of Tears
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1397:Raven of Chota
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1309:Horned Serpent
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1050:
1049:External links
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558:Hiwassee River
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485:
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461:
427:
424:
411:Dwight Mission
403:Thomas Nuttall
390:Dwight Mission
381:
378:
358:Johnson County
326:Arkansas River
306:Main article:
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3349:Gone to Texas
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3112:
3109:Monuments and
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2923:
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2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:personal life
2906:
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2755:
2754:Redbird Smith
2752:
2750:
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2744:Sam Sixkiller
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2557:
2555:
2554:Joel B. Mayes
2552:
2550:
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2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Lewis Downing
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:Richard Sneed
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Gerard Parker
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2500:
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2459:Tahlonteeskee
2457:
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2437:
2435:
2434:William Hicks
2432:
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2384:Little Turkey
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2315:Cherokee Path
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2103:Landmarks and
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2083:Eastern Band
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2047:Running Water
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841:
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63:George Catlin
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3453:1760s births
3421:Publications
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3356:Texas Rising
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3221:Other places
3071:
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2786:
2774:Shawna Baker
2709:Ned Christie
2634:John W. Hair
2594:Ross Swimmer
2589:W. W. Keeler
2463:
2344:Amouskositte
2290:Tuckaleechee
2260:Abrams Creek
2222:Untokiasdiyi
2197:Blythe Ferry
1748:
1739:
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1723:
1639:
1539:
1404:Tribal Wars
1278:Booger dance
1141:Eastern Band
1071:
1032:
1025:
1004:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
973:
969:
959:
952:Gregory 1996
939:, p. 8.
937:Gregory 1996
932:
925:Gregory 1996
920:
909:. Retrieved
905:the original
900:
890:
885:, p. 3.
883:Gregory 1996
878:
871:Gregory 1996
866:
859:Gregory 1996
835:
828:Gregory 1996
813:Gregory 1996
800:, p. 9.
798:Gregory 1996
793:
786:Gregory 1996
781:
774:Gregory 1996
769:
758:. Retrieved
754:
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738:Gregory 1996
717:. Retrieved
713:
673:
666:. Retrieved
646:
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607:
598:
555:
539:
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525:
513:
506:
487:
474:George Izard
466:
453:
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342:
330:Poteau River
321:
311:
287:
270:
251:Old Settlers
240:
224:Meigs County
217:
187:
182:
181:
173:
172:
162:Old Settlers
97:Succeeded by
57:
53:
49:
36:
3458:1838 deaths
3287:Sam Houston
3262:Sam Houston
3072:Yellowstone
2917:Eliza Allen
2892:(1859–1861)
2884:(1846–1859)
2876:(1839–1841)
2858:Texian Army
2852:(1827–1829)
2844:(1823–1827)
2830:Sam Houston
2734:Major Ridge
2714:John Martin
2694:Joseph Vann
2584:J. B. Milam
2509:Joyce Dugan
2479:John Rogers
2474:John Looney
2469:Sam Houston
2399:Incalatanga
2212:Mantle Rock
2137:Long Island
1874:Island town
1712:1842 revolt
1620:Youth Choir
1319:Nun'Yunu'Wi
1273:Stomp dance
1261:Black drink
1256:Ethnobotany
1083:John Looney
546:John Looney
535:Joseph Vann
520:Fort Gibson
516:Eliza Allen
509:John Rogers
370:Fort Gibson
296:Eliza Allen
272:Sam Houston
150:Sam Houston
146:John Rogers
102:John Looney
85:Preceded by
3447:Categories
3341:Television
3273:Public art
3264:(SSBN-609)
2972:John Jolly
2908:Family and
2787:See also:
2689:David Vann
2684:James Vann
2679:Wauhatchie
2669:Goingsnake
2644:Nancy Ward
2464:John Jolly
2419:Pathkiller
2379:Old Tassel
2369:Oconostota
2037:Turtletown
2032:Turkeytown
2022:Tuckasegee
1957:Oostanaula
1904:Long Swamp
1899:Kulsetsiyi
1648:Education
1382:Ani-kutani
1339:Tsul 'Kalu
1304:Deer Woman
984:2012-11-28
911:2012-11-28
760:2012-11-28
719:2021-07-18
628:References
468:Americans
322:Talontiski
174:John Jolly
54:John Jolly
30:John Jolly
3382:The Alamo
3374:The Alamo
3282:(Houston)
3119:Tennessee
3111:memorials
3074:steamboat
2699:Bob Benge
2664:Junaluska
2499:Tsaladihi
2489:Yonaguska
2439:John Ross
2424:Big Tiger
2404:Tagwadihi
2394:Kunokeski
2374:Savanukah
2310:Tlanusiyi
2177:Fort Cass
2072:Tahlequah
2052:Titsohili
2017:Tsatanugi
1932:Nickajack
1919:Nantahala
1914:Nacoochee
1844:Dirt town
1824:Conasauga
1814:Chilhowee
1804:Brasstown
1785:Towns and
1767:in Kansas
1702:Blood Law
1334:U'tlun'ta
1212:syllabary
668:13 August
655:0361-6185
562:Tennessee
463:President
247:moccasins
232:Tennessee
214:Tennessee
188:Oolooteka
183:Ahuludegi
157:Known for
140:Brother,
137:Relations
50:Ahuludegi
3247:Military
2922:Tom Blue
2604:Joe Byrd
2544:Utselata
2534:Degataga
2454:Degadoga
2449:The Bowl
2227:Standing
2087:Cherokee
2042:Tuskegee
2002:Tomotley
1997:Tomassee
1962:Red Clay
1909:Mialoquo
1864:Hiwassee
1859:Frogtown
1849:Ducktown
1839:Crowtown
1787:villages
1372:Treaties
1365:military
1360:timeline
1324:Nûñnë'hï
1202:Language
1172:Calendar
1122:Cherokee
663:15296273
574:Sequoyah
568:See also
494:Oklahoma
484:Oklahoma
440:Arkansas
280:Cherokee
243:buckskin
178:Cherokee
3256:(Texas)
3147:Houston
2901:History
2729:Sequoya
2349:Old Hop
2285:Chatata
2027:Tugaloo
2012:Toxoway
1992:Tellico
1982:Talulah
1967:Settico
1942:Nununyi
1937:Nikwasi
1879:Isunigu
1834:Coyotee
1809:Chatuga
1707:Slavery
1552:Removal
1355:History
1348:History
1292:Legends
1266:Kanuchi
1239:Marbles
1207:history
1162:Society
1155:Culture
996:Sources
288:Ka'lanu
208:planter
202:of the
120:c. 1769
3385:(2004)
3377:(1960)
3297:statue
2324:People
1987:Tanasi
1977:Talisi
1952:Oconee
1927:Echota
1894:Kituwa
1889:Keowee
1854:Etowah
1753:(2005)
1745:(1871)
1736:(1832)
1728:(1831)
1377:Kituwa
1192:Ghigau
1187:Gadugi
1182:Chiefs
1129:Tribes
1012:
661:
653:
552:Legacy
476:, the
362:Quapaw
194:, and
79:leader
65:, 1834
3140:Texas
2996:Homes
2649:Tsali
2414:Enola
2230:Stone
2007:Toqua
1947:Ocoee
1884:Joara
1829:Cowee
1819:Chota
1401:Wars
1177:Clans
675:gray.
590:Notes
366:Osage
226:) in
3366:Film
3312:Misc
3260:USS
1743:case
1010:ISBN
670:2024
659:OCLC
651:ISSN
442:and
434:The
388:The
364:and
347:and
320:(or
234:and
128:1838
125:Died
117:Born
1924:New
356:in
257:.
238:.
210:.
61:by
3449::
974:15
972:.
968:.
944:^
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728:^
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657:.
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298:.
180::
56:;
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987:.
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763:.
722:.
176:(
152:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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