65:. Prior to leaving he had attended Collegiate College, Liverpool, where at thirteen he won first prize for drawing a finely detailed map of Liverpool – every street, all public buildings and the docks. Prior to his father and older brother seeking reward at the gold fields, 14-year-old Clark on the basis of his revealed abilities, was employed on 26 April 1852 as a 'drafting copyist' in the Colonial Architect's Office, ensuring his family an income. It is likely that he was employed and rapidly promoted despite his young age because the office found it hard to keep employees in the throes of the gold rush. To broaden his 'apprenticeship' he sought evening work with the partnership of
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73:. In 1854 he was promoted to draftsman, and in this role was part of the team that designed the Geelong Supreme Court the next year, and Government Printing Office in 1856, and the next year began design work on the Treasury Building when he was only nineteen. While its basement and ground level was being constructed in 1858, he took ten months leave to tour Europe and the United Kingdom, completing the design and overseeing the construction on his return. Clark continued in public service designing many public buildings large and small until 1878 when he was retrenched in the Black Wednesday dismissals.
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finally completed in 1862, but the forecourt was not built until 1868. Originally the
Treasury Building was designed to hold Victoria's state gold, as well as offices for senior government positions. In 1874 the Treasury offices were relocated, and the building became known as the Old Treasury, and continued to house offices, including those for the Governor General. In 1992 the building was restored, and from 2005 it was the home of the City Museum.
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In 1865 Clark married Mary Taylor
Watmuff (1844–1871), who died at the age of 26 in 1871; The couple had one child in 1868, Edward James, known as EJ Clark. In 1870, they had moved into the East Melbourne home Clark had designed for them, which still stands. In 1889 when Edward was 21, Clark took him
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for the upper level facades. That year Clark took ten months leave to tour Europe and the United
Kingdom, and on his return he completed the design, possibly changing that of the second floor, and removing the fourth level attic of the central section in favour of a continuous eave. The building was
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design, entered prior to his appointment, as the basis. He resigned from that position in 1885, but the building was completed largely to his design, with arcaded loggias on three sides, and a lively composition of recessed and projecting bays and central pavilions above the cornice.
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is considered one of the finest examples of
Renaissance Revival architecture in Australia. Clark began designing this building in 1857 when he was only nineteen, a widely known fact that still seems remarkable. Construction began in 1858 using
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298:. The design consisted of a series of separate 5 and 6 storey pavilions in red brick Edwardian Baroque style, topped with numerous turrets, linked by walkways, and was completed in 1916. In 1944 the hospital relocated to Parkville, and the
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in 1852. Clark's 30 years in public service, followed by 33 in private practice, produced some of
Australia's most notable public buildings, and at least one in New Zealand. He is most famous as the designer of Melbourne's
848:"Reproduction print of a map of Liverpool, England, drawn by J. J. Clark in 1851, aged 13. Reproduction published by the Royal Historical Society of Victoria from the original in their collection. – No. 86 December 2010"
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style, the building uses a bold two tone palette of red brick and cream coloured rendered detailing. The highly articulated facade wraps around the corners of the triangular site, with a lively skyline of numerous domed
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stated his partnership with son Edward James Clark, became his most professionally successfully period in respect to competition wins with the firm winning in succession competitions for:
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32:(23 January 1838 – 25 June 1915) was an Australian architect, who began his career at the age of 14 in the office of the Colonial Architect's Office in
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on a tour of Europe and
America, mirroring that of the one he took in his own youth. He followed an artistic interest tutored by noted Colonial artist
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57:, England, on 23 January 1838 to parents George and Mary Clark. Clark was one of nine children. The family relocated from Liverpool to
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in pursuit of commissions and employment. One of Clark's most notable achievements, during this time, was his appointment as
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His other competition awards were produced from individual work, partnerships and associations with architectural firms.
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In 1896 Clark and his son formed a professional partnership that lasted until his death, and saw them complete works in
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In 1880 Clark set up private practice in central
Melbourne. Between 1881 and 1896 Clark relocated several times between
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895:"JJ Clark : architect of the Australian Renaissance / Andrew Dodd - Catalogue | National Library of Australia"
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1899 A new scheme for the
Newcastle Hospital (of which only the Nurses' Quarters and operating Theatre were built)
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Clark placed in 38 of the 47 competitions he entered throughout his career; of these, 24 were first placements.
1168:"J. J. Clark: child prodigy architect and his winning but ill-fated design for a Free Public Library in Sydney"
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In 1910, the partnership of JJ and son EJ were appointed to design the complete replacement of the old
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In 1902, Clark in partnership with his son Edward James won a competition to replace the old
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Dodd, Andrew, John James Clark: Public
Architect in Australia, unpublished PhD thesis,
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1260:, vol 20, no 118, pp 51–66. Retrieved 25 June 2022 – via State Library of Victoria.
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announced that they would be purchasing the building, to use as a new inner-city
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1860 Port
Melbourne Court House (originally known as Sandridge Police Court)
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115:, Melbourne and Auckland, New Zealand. Clark died at his sons residence in
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Taylor, Florence (12 June 1917). "J.J. Clark: An Architectural Giant",
739:"The Conversation – was there an Australian architectural renaissance?"
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977:"East Melbourne, Gipps Street 104 | East Melbourne Historical Society"
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1066:. No. 10, 672. Victoria, Australia. 1 September 1880. p. 7
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1868 Residence of Commander of British Troops, Major General Sir
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815:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
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John James Clark, commonly referred to as JJ Clark, was born in
862:"Unknown Genius : News : The University of Melbourne"
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Additionally in later years the firm successful campaigned for
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RECORDS OF LIVERPOOL COLLEGIATE SCHOOL | The National Archives
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Kangaroo Point Immigration Centre (Yungaba Immigration Centre)
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Fremantle Town Hall Auditorium Alterations (Fremantle, 1897)
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1862 A unexecuted design for the Sydney Free Public Library
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occupies an entire city block surrounded by Queen Street,
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JJ Clark : architect of the Australian Renaissance
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by Andrew Dodd, published in 2012 by NewSouth books.
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and Osgood Gee Pritchard, and for a short time with
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228:From 1995 to 2024 the building was occupied by the
104:. Results of this work scattered across Australia.
1198:The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954)
1037:Port Melbourne Historical and Preservation Society
1251:JJ Clark: Architect of the Australian Renaissance
629:1898 Perth Royal Children's Hospital (unexecuted)
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672:Saint Andrew's Presbyterian Church (Perth, 1897)
184:Originally known as the New Public Offices, the
36:, immediately after his family migrated from
306:had been demolished. The pavilion became the
610:1880 The Wagga Wagga Town Hall (unexecuted)
284:Melbourne (Queen Victoria) Hospital pavilion
1111:"Yungaba Immigration Centre (entry 600245)"
342:Melbourne Town Hall Administration Building
274:, and is a much loved Melbourne landmark.
1287:– via National Library of Australia.
1236:– via National Library of Australia.
1155:– via National Library of Australia.
1074:– via National Library of Australia.
1021:– via National Library of Australia.
965:– via National Library of Australia.
784:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
619:1897 Perth St Andrew's Presbyterian Church
692:National Mutual Building (Ballarat, 1904)
649:- A design for a Christchurch Court House
646:- A design for the Auckland Supreme Court
604:1881 The Waverley Town Hall (unexecuted)
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451:1860 Morse's Creek (Bright) Post Office
448:1855 Geelong Supreme Court (demolished)
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265:Considered a significant example of the
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16:English-Australian architect (1838–1915)
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675:Royal Children's Hospital (Perth, 1898)
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1253:, University of New South Wales Press
480:1904 Ballarat National Mutual Building
1279:. Melbourne. 26 June 1915. p. 16
1013:. Melbourne. 26 June 1915. p. 16
957:. Melbourne. 14 March 1871. p. 4
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494:Central Station clock tower, Brisbane
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704:Melbourne Hospital (Melbourne, 1912)
701:Auckland Town Hall (Auckland, 1907 )
678:Newcastle Hospital (Newcastle, 1899)
529:Townsville Post and Telegraph Office
334:Supreme Court of Victoria, Melbourne
1058:"ESSENDON AND FLEMINGTON INSTITUTE"
743:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
296:Melbourne central business district
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1332:20th-century Australian architects
1327:19th-century Australian architects
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819:from the original on 10 March 2011
813:Australian Dictionary of Biography
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695:Women's Hospital (Melbourne, 1907)
681:Maitland Hospital (Maitland, 1903)
566:1901 an unexecuted design for the
426:Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne
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749:from the original on 24 July 2012
557:1895 The Booroodabin Public Baths
518:1894 Brisbane Children's Hospital
477:1874 The Castlemaine Post Office
1166:Dodd, Andrew (1 December 2010).
698:Carlton Refuge (Melbourne, 1907)
684:The City Baths (Melbourne, 1903)
586:Brisbane Masonic Memorial Temple
572:- Gympie Town Hall (first stage)
562:Brisbane Central railway station
431:- The Port Melbourne Post Office
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262:, which were completed in 1904.
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143:Old Treasury Building, Melbourne
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1228:. Perth. 21 May 1898. p. 2
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809:"Clark, John James (1838–1915)"
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372:1869 East Melbourne Residence
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428:(partially demolished in 1994)
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1119:. Queensland Heritage Council
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308:Queen Victoria Women's Centre
218:Queensland colonial architect
102:Queensland Colonial Architect
1271:"DEATH OF LEADING ARCHITECT"
1116:Queensland Heritage Register
1005:"DEATH OF LEADING ARCHITECT"
626:, alterations and extensions
463:1864 Rutherglen Court House
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1139:"THE NEW IMMIGRATION DEPOT"
580:Maryborough railway station
180:Treasury Building, Brisbane
172:Treasury Building, Brisbane
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1317:Architects from Queensland
1312:New South Wales architects
1220:"THE VASSE BUTTER FACTORY"
598:1903 The Maitland Hospital
568:Townsville railway station
541:Charters Towers Courthouse
523:Brisbane Treasury Building
485:Beechworth Mental Hospital
457:1863 Newstead Courthouse
352:Government Printing Office
1337:Architects from Liverpool
1322:Architects from Melbourne
1147:. 13 July 1887. p. 6
771:The Unwin Clark Colonials
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632:1898 Vasse Butter Factory
607:1881 The Orange Town Hall
424:which in 1946 became the
375:1869 Richmond Town Hall
159:for the foundations, and
768:Clark, Margaret (1993).
460:1863 Kilmore Courthouse
1033:"Sandridge Court House"
923:"City Museum Melbourne"
726:University of Melbourne
468:Aradale Mental Hospital
386:Victorian Titles Office
300:Queen Victoria Hospital
232:and in September 2024,
81:, who became a friend.
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312:Queen Victoria Village
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1063:The Argus (Melbourne)
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414:1907 Women's Hospital
358:Old Treasury Building
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43:Old Treasury Building
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1144:The Brisbane Courier
899:catalogue.nla.gov.au
346:Victoria, Melbourne
326:Royal Melbourne Mint
260:Melbourne City Baths
251:Melbourne City Baths
244:Melbourne City Baths
1225:The West Australian
929:on 24 November 2009
624:Fremantle Town Hall
575:- Warwick Town Hall
535:Townsville Hospital
502:Fremantle Town Hall
435:Victoria, Regional
417:1907 Carlton Refuge
234:Griffith University
214:Grainger and D'Ebro
117:St Kilda, Melbourne
63:Victorian gold rush
1174:. La Trobe Journal
642:Auckland Town Hall
615:Western Australia
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390:1874 Supreme Court
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67:Alfred Louis Smith
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547:Mackay Courthouse
470:(as assistant of
401:The Customs House
267:Edwardian Baroque
186:Treasury Building
119:on 25 June 1915.
98:Western Australia
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1307:1915 deaths
1302:1838 births
1283:6 September
1232:6 September
1086:"J.J.Clark"
981:emhs.org.au
961:6 September
514:Queensland
212:architects
71:Joseph Reed
1296:Categories
712:References
222:Italianate
206:Queensland
94:Queensland
1276:The Argus
1204:23 August
1178:23 August
1151:15 August
1123:15 August
1042:23 August
1010:The Argus
954:The Argus
780:cite book
210:Melbourne
161:sandstone
153:bluestone
59:Melbourne
55:Liverpool
49:Biography
38:Liverpool
34:Melbourne
1258:Building
1194:"ORANGE"
1090:PocketOz
933:15 April
872:15 April
823:15 April
817:Archived
747:Archived
663:obituary
661:Clark's
202:Brisbane
113:Brisbane
86:Victoria
272:cupolas
1095:12 May
753:8 June
654:Awards
369:K.C.B.
728:2009.
640:1907
622:1897
560:1901
551:1885
545:1885
539:1885
533:1885
527:1885
521:1885
466:1864
439:1855
420:1912
408:1903
399:1876
393:1874
384:1874
378:1871
356:1858
350:1856
204:, in
163:from
155:from
109:Perth
1285:2013
1234:2013
1206:2023
1180:2023
1153:2015
1125:2015
1097:2022
1072:2024
1044:2023
1019:2013
988:2024
963:2013
935:2010
906:2024
874:2010
825:2010
786:link
755:2012
196:and
96:and
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