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to near 50,000 feet (15,000 m). They called these clouds "undiluted chimneys" but they would later be commonly referred to as hot towers. They estimated that it would take less than 5,000 of these towers daily throughout the tropics to result in the moist static energy profile they observed.
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the moist static energy decreased with height. Above 750 hPa, the moist static energy increased with height which had neither been observed or explained before. Riehl and Malkus realized that this must be due to moist convection that started near the surface that continued rising relatively
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2021 American
Meteorological Society established the Joanne Simpson Tropical Meteorology Research Award granted to researchers who make outstanding contributions to advancing the understanding of the physics and dynamics of the tropical atmosphere. The inaugural recipient was
446:, she was quoted as saying "I am not convinced that either the position, rewards or achievements have been worth the cost. My personal and married life and child raising have surely suffered from the professional attainments I have achieved."
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was the
Lucille Lortel Distinguished Professor of Theatre and Comparative Literature at the Graduate Center, City University of New York and Director of Publications of the Martin E. Segal Theatre Center. Her husband was hurricane expert
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275:, and taught and researched meteorology at numerous universities as well as the federal government. Simpson contributed to many areas of the atmospheric sciences, particularly in the field of
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She is quoted as saying winning the Rossby Medal in 1983 made her feel "it isn't really so ridiculous that I did all of this. I'm not really a freak; I am a member of the community."
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while chief of the
Experimental Meteorology Branch of the Environment Satellite Services Administration's Institute for Atmospheric Sciences. She eventually became
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Simpson bent over reams of images of clouds that she filmed during long flights between islands in the tropical
Pacific.
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Tao, W.-K.; Halverson, J.; LeMone, M.; Alder, R.; Garstang, M.; Houze Jr., R.; Pielke Sr., R.; Woodley, W. (2003).
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510:. Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM): A Tribute to Dr. Joanne Simpson.
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272:
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409:, its highest honor, for "outstanding contributions to man's understanding of the structure of the atmosphere."
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501:"The Research of Dr. Joanne Simpson: Fifty Years Investigating Hurricanes, Tropical Clouds, and Cloud Systems"
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458:. Her former husband Willem Van Rensselaer Malkus (1923-2016) was a professor of applied mathematics at MIT.
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and how it varied vertically throughout the atmosphere. They noted that at altitudes up to approximately 750
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588:"Meet Dr. Joanne Simpson: Chief Scientist Emeritus for Meteorology, Earth Sun Exploration Division"
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255:; March 23, 1923 – March 4, 2010) was the first woman in the United States to receive a Ph.D. in
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Her teaching and research career at universities includes time at the
University of Chicago,
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Breaking
Through the Clouds: The Sometimes Turbulent Life of Meteorologist Joanne Simpson,
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Riehl, H.; Malkus, J.S. (1958). "On the heat balance in the equatorial trough zone".
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Certain
Features of Undisturbed and Disturbed Weather in the Trade-Wind Region
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Simpson died March 4, 2010, in
Washington D.C., surrounded by her family.
364:'s lead weather researcher and authored or co-authored over 190 articles.
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284:
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Sandra Nickel and Helena Perez Garcia, New York: Henry N. Abrams (2022).
263:. Simpson received both her undergraduate and graduate degrees from the
757:"Two pioneering scientists who changed how we think about the climate"
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576:, Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, 15, 368-375.
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315:, the Environmental Satellite Services Administration (ESSA),
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First woman : Joanne
Simpson and the tropical atmosphere
479:"Welcome to the University of Chicago College Report Online"
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Staff (April 1967). "23 Medals
Awarded to ESSA Employees".
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10.1175/0065-9401(2003)029<0001:CTRODJ>2.0.CO;2
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the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
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the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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for her work with the Experimental Meteorology Branch.
718:. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from
804:Earth Observatory Image of the Day March 9, 2010.
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440:Yet, poignantly, in an article published in the
414:International Meteorological Organization Prize
287:, air-sea interactions, and helped develop the
610:
608:
908:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients
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614:
558:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
774:Article by Simpson on global warming issues
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864:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
825:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
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443:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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816:, Washington Post, Monday, March 8, 2010
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918:20th-century American women scientists
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763:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
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259:, which she received in 1949 from the
810:, Nature News, by Robert A. Houze, Jr
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820:Papers of Joanne Simpson, 1890-2010.
808:Obituary: Joanne Simpson (1923–2010)
356:By 1966, she became the director of
309:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
814:Obituary: Joanne Malkus Simpson, 86
745:Simpson's private citizen statement
397:Department of Commerce Silver Medal
289:Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
13:
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392:as "Woman of the Year" in Science.
335:In 1958, Malkus collaborated with
16:American meteorologist (1923–2010)
14:
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418:World Meteorological Organization
407:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal
402:1968 Elected a fellow of the AMS.
188:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal
923:20th-century American scientists
755:Street, Julie (4 January 2020).
695:"ESSA Scientists Receive Honors"
305:Illinois Institute of Technology
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267:, and did post-doctoral work at
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381:American Meteorological Society
273:National Academy of Engineering
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789:Keeping her head in the clouds
779:Grand Times article on Simpson
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379:1962 Melsinger Award from the
271:. Simpson was a member of the
1:
903:University of Chicago faculty
656:Herbert Leib (October 1966).
615:Herbert Leib (October 1966).
572:Atlas D and Lemone MA (2011)
464:
412:2002 Awarded the prestigious
898:University of Chicago alumni
405:1983 Recipient of the AMS's
7:
933:21st-century American women
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339:and calculated the average
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10:
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716:"Winners of the IMO Prize"
798:Joanne Simpson, 1923-2010
508:Meteorological Monographs
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928:American women academics
750:Simpson's NASA biography
893:American meteorologists
530:(inactive 2024-07-19).
481:. Magazine.uchicago.edu
784:Another NASA biography
321:University of Virginia
830:Fleming, James Rodger
386:1963 Selected by the
375:Guggenheim Fellowship
279:. She has researched
265:University of Chicago
261:University of Chicago
59:Boston, Massachusetts
913:Women meteorologists
693:Staff (April 1968).
277:tropical meteorology
90:Tropical meteorology
823:Schlesinger Library
722:on 22 November 2015
658:"Project Stormfury"
586:Gutro, Rob (2005).
520:2003MetMo..29....1T
341:moist static energy
301:New York University
761:ABC Radio National
373:1954 Received the
283:, hurricanes, the
843:978-0-19-189534-0
451:Daniel C. Gerould
389:Los Angeles Times
358:Project Stormfury
269:Dartmouth College
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195:Scientific career
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739:Further reading
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86:Known for
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55:March 23, 1923
45:Joanne Gerould
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350:adiabatically
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337:Herbert Riehl
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295:Academic life
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70:March 4, 2010
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724:. Retrieved
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554:cite journal
514:(51): 1–16.
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483:. Retrieved
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449:Her brother
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72:(2010-03-04)
888:2010 deaths
883:1923 births
395:1967 Won a
285:trade winds
257:meteorology
205:Meteorology
877:Categories
852:1141511942
836:. Oxford.
726:8 December
702:ESSA World
680:ESSA World
665:ESSA World
645:: 503–538.
639:Geophysica
624:ESSA World
485:2019-03-20
465:References
281:hot towers
247:(formerly
51:1923-03-23
860:cite book
792:USA Today
416:from the
832:(2020).
794:04/13/00
682:: 34–35.
592:nasa.gov
433:Personal
331:Research
291:(TRMM).
176:Children
96:research
546:4897945
516:Bibcode
251:, born
169:
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139:
125:
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101:Spouses
850:
840:
597:19 May
544:
368:Awards
323:, and
221:(1949)
219:
212:Thesis
201:Fields
184:Awards
80:, U.S.
61:, U.S.
704:: 33.
698:(PDF)
661:(PDF)
620:(PDF)
542:S2CID
504:(PDF)
383:(AMS)
163:(
159:
141:(
137:
119:(
115:
866:link
848:OCLC
838:ISBN
802:NASA
728:2015
667:: 4.
626:: 7.
599:2016
560:link
362:NASA
313:UCLA
92:and
67:Died
41:Born
532:hdl
524:doi
345:hPa
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858:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
