2313:
845:
1963:
1085:
1207:
1953:
1013:
1445:
1895:
1155:
1280:
1477:
1565:
95:
2015:
1645:
1555:
1535:
1375:
1300:
1197:
2225:
1887:
963:
75:
27:
1635:
1515:
1685:
1497:
1250:
2445:
875:
1877:
1827:
2333:
1743:
2025:
2481:
2045:
1943:
1457:
885:
1220:
2385:
1290:
1230:
1125:
1625:
2425:
1983:
865:
2293:
1545:
1355:
1075:
1045:
1033:
993:
1135:
953:
1933:
1769:
1675:
1525:
1177:
983:
935:
2435:
2035:
2415:
2065:
1487:
1467:
1365:
1167:
1117:
1023:
855:
1507:
1797:
1425:
1837:
1415:
1310:
1240:
1145:
905:
2005:
2405:
2235:
1857:
2245:
1435:
2395:
2365:
1973:
1715:
1705:
1725:
1993:
1575:
1615:
1595:
2215:
2375:
1779:
1695:
2205:
1789:
1405:
1385:
1187:
1320:
2353:
2283:
1913:
1759:
1655:
2469:
125:
87:
1807:
2273:
1097:
1605:
1817:
1585:
1260:
1107:
973:
2055:
1923:
1330:
925:
1270:
1903:
1847:
1665:
1395:
1345:
1055:
1065:
1003:
915:
1867:
2343:
2303:
895:
945:
2323:
114:
663:
This is apparently reported in an 1829 vexillological publication (Собрание штандартов, флагов и вымпелов, употребляемых в Российской империи ("Collection of banners, flags and pennants, used in the
Russian Empire", St. Petersburg, 1829, reprinted 1833; the historicity of this is doubtful, c.f.
106:
61:
There are variants to the design, also known as "Jerusalem cross", with either the four crosslets also in the form of
Crosses potent, or conversely with the central cross, also in the form of a plain Greek cross. It is not to be confused with the
420:
The
Jerusalem cross is also the symbol of Kairos, a four-day Jesuit retreat that is held for youth in high schools and parishes around the world. The four crosses are used to symbolize the motto of the retreat, "Live the fourth".
253:; this was justified by the fact that Jerusalem was so holy, it was above ordinary rules. The gold and silver were also connected to Psalms 68:13, which mentions a "dove covered in silver, and her feathers with yellow gold".
276:
by the
Byzantine Empire in 1261) used an extended form of the Jerusalem cross, where each of the four crosslets was itself surrounded by four smaller crosslets (a "Jerusalem cross of Jerusalem crosses").
2312:
387:(German Evangelical Church Congress) in the 1950s, since the 1960s shown in a simplified form where the central Cross potent is replaced by a simple Greek cross.
448:
applications. The
Jerusalem cross is an attractive choice for the periodic element because such a choice makes the frequency selective surface less sensitive to
249:. The arms of the King of Jerusalem featured gold on silver (in the case of John de Brienne, silver on gold), a metal on a metal, and thus broke the heraldic
565:
2448:
212:
The emblem used on the seals of the rulers of
Jerusalem during the 12th century was a simplified depiction of the city itself, showing the
239:
At about the same time, the cross of
Jerusalem in gold on a silver field appears as the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in early
232:(r. 1192–1197) show a cross with four dots in the four quarters, but the Jerusalem cross proper appears only on a coin minted under
820:
361:
109:
Depiction of the
Jerusalem cross on a red (rather than silver) shield as the arms of Godfrey of Bouillon in a 14th-century miniature.
413:, head of the Franciscan friars who serve at the holy Christian sites in Jerusalem, and whose work is supported by the Order. The
432:
table. However, the glyph associated with that character according to the official
Unicode character sheet is shown as a simple
2453:
360:(Jerusalem Memorial Cross) order in the shape of a Jerusalem cross to those who accompanied him at the inauguration of the
2506:
155:. The symbolism of five crosses representing the Five Wounds is first recorded in the context of the consecration of the
384:
287:
197:
himself. It was not used, however, by the
Christian rulers of Jerusalem during the 12th century. A simple blazon of
380:
813:
414:
350:(later King Edward VII), visited Jerusalem in 1862, he had a Jerusalem cross tattooed on his arm. German Emperor
160:
597:: diagonal cross with four dots in the four quadrants, no. 47: cross crosslet superimposed on a diagonal cross;
372:
54:, one in each quadrant. Heavily popularized in the crusades, it was used as the emblem and coat of arms of the
622:(hubert-herald.nl). The design is also found on coins minted under his successor, the last king of Jerusalem,
553:
2521:
2516:
1880:
1668:
678:
273:
229:
136:
While the symbol of the five-fold cross appears to originate in the 11th century, its association with the
1016:
719:
A Prayer Book for the Armed Services: For Chaplains and Those in Service, Church Publishing, Inc., 2008,
480:
The design with the crosslets as crosses potent is medieval, e.g. found in 13th-century stonework in the
449:
445:
406:
314:
2511:
1628:
1303:
806:
410:
602:
598:
590:
582:
285:
In late medieval heraldry the Crusader's cross was used for various Crusader states. The 14th-century
178:
during 1158–1180 have the "Jerusalem cross" on the obverse, with the four crosslets depicted as
1448:
391:
356:
340:
304:
129:
20:
524:
502:
1732:
1528:
1138:
829:
332:
A banner with a variation of the Jerusalem cross was used at the proclamation of the Revolution on
225:
1962:
2018:
1996:
1598:
878:
43:
704:
Four Paths to Jerusalem: Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Secular Pilgrimages, 1000 BCE to 2001 CE
2357:
2286:
2008:
1688:
1538:
626:
156:
844:
707:
2398:
2028:
1658:
1408:
1088:
720:
623:
429:
368:
144:
1084:
324:
flew a flag with a variant of the Jerusalem cross in his campaign in the White Sea in 1693.
1830:
1718:
1708:
1638:
1608:
1253:
888:
190:
137:
99:
55:
1952:
535:
BNF Français 22495, fol. 78; the same ms. also has the Jerusalem cross in a silver field (
8:
2473:
2097:
1698:
1618:
1578:
1568:
1012:
986:
566:
Kings and Coins in Medieval England VI - Henry II's Cross-and Crosslets coinage (1158–80)
265:
194:
183:
175:
152:
117:
2038:
1976:
1206:
2159:
2092:
1850:
1648:
868:
79:
30:
Jerusalem cross based on a cross potent (as commonly realised in early modern heraldry)
1894:
1154:
409:
uses the Jerusalem cross as its emblem, in red, which is also used in the arms of the
2378:
2368:
2316:
1946:
1936:
1810:
1800:
1460:
1444:
1388:
1283:
1279:
996:
966:
1564:
209:, who had been king of Jerusalem during 1210–1212, upon John's death in 1237.
74:
2444:
2224:
2048:
1886:
1323:
1006:
848:
793:
770:
367:
In the early 20th century, the Jerusalem cross also came to be used as a symbol of
250:
233:
217:
148:
94:
1684:
1496:
26:
2154:
1966:
1870:
1476:
1338:
1233:
1200:
1128:
976:
956:
665:
399:
321:
296:
264:) a variant of the Jerusalem cross with the four crosslets inscribed in circles.
206:
202:
2014:
1876:
1644:
1554:
1534:
1438:
1374:
1299:
1196:
651:
619:
2480:
2332:
2164:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2087:
2082:
2024:
1956:
1762:
1634:
1548:
1500:
1358:
1263:
1110:
1078:
962:
898:
858:
606:
481:
461:
336:
257:
221:
213:
171:
63:
39:
2408:
1249:
759:"A Quasi-Yagi Antenna Backed by a Jerusalem Cross Frequency Selective Surface"
2500:
2181:
2134:
2058:
1986:
1926:
1678:
1514:
1480:
1428:
1398:
1333:
1223:
1180:
1068:
938:
928:
874:
585:(facing p. 8), no. 12: pre-Roman British coin: a cross with the four letters
540:
536:
2424:
1826:
1624:
864:
2238:
2176:
2149:
2124:
2119:
2102:
2044:
1942:
1916:
1840:
1518:
1490:
1456:
1378:
1368:
1348:
1170:
1158:
1148:
1134:
1058:
1036:
1026:
952:
884:
568:, www.treasurehunting.co.uk (February 2014), Figs. 10, 11, 14, 17–20.
433:
417:, affiliated with the Order, also uses the Jerusalem cross in its emblem.
333:
269:
261:
47:
2434:
2034:
1219:
775:
758:
2485:
2384:
2218:
2191:
2107:
1796:
1588:
1506:
1470:
1424:
1418:
1313:
1289:
1243:
1229:
1124:
918:
908:
376:
313:, a Venetian nobleman who visited Jerusalem and was made a knight of the
310:
245:
164:
51:
2404:
2292:
2234:
2004:
1982:
1856:
1544:
1354:
1074:
1048:
1044:
1032:
992:
182:. Similar cross designs on the obverse of coins go back to at least the
2438:
2394:
2364:
2346:
2248:
2114:
1972:
1932:
1772:
1768:
1714:
1704:
1674:
1524:
1273:
1210:
1176:
982:
934:
641:
gules, a cross or, in each canton a crosslet in an annulet of the same.
351:
347:
113:
2414:
2336:
2064:
1992:
1614:
1594:
1574:
1486:
1466:
1364:
1166:
1116:
1022:
854:
564:
68.6 (1998), pp. 42–63 and plate 6; see also: Richard Kelleher,
317:
in the early 1570s, included the Jerusalem cross in his coat of arms.
303:(based on the latter example, the Crusader's cross was adopted as the
2418:
2374:
2352:
1906:
1836:
1778:
1728:
1694:
1414:
1309:
1239:
1144:
904:
484:
monastery, Armenia; another example is found in the Norman church at
2244:
1788:
1434:
1404:
1384:
2428:
2388:
2306:
2282:
1912:
1860:
1782:
1758:
1724:
1654:
1319:
1100:
260:(14th century) attributes to the "emperors of Constantinople" (the
240:
2214:
1806:
1096:
428:
character set has a character ☩, U+2629 CROSS OF JERUSALEM in the
124:
86:
2468:
2326:
2296:
2228:
2208:
2204:
2195:
1816:
1664:
1604:
1584:
1558:
1259:
1106:
972:
425:
395:
300:
179:
38:(also known as "five-fold Cross", or "cross-and-crosslets") is a
2054:
1922:
1329:
1186:
1064:
924:
1902:
1846:
1820:
1394:
1344:
1269:
1190:
1054:
485:
143:
The symbolism of the five-fold cross is variously given as the
2272:
1002:
914:
2342:
1866:
594:
554:
A re-examination of the classification and chronology of the
292:
90:
Jerusalem cross of five Greek crosses (late medieval variant)
2302:
2276:
2171:
944:
894:
2322:
798:
757:
Melais, Sergio E.; Cure, David; Weller, Thomas M. (2013).
272:
from 1273–1283 (even though Constantinople had been
105:
2255:
2252:
763:
International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology
733:
163:(before 1035); the crosses are incised in the church's
383:. The Jerusalem cross was chosen as the emblem of the
66:, which has also been called the "Jerusalem cross".
609:: cross with four dots in the four quadrants (etc.)
394:was introduced in 2004 on the basis of the flag of
371:in Protestantism. A derived design known as the "
2498:
2449:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
756:
439:
652:Byzantium: Arms and Emblems (hubert-herald.nl)
140:dates to the second half of the 13th century.
814:
515:
513:
511:
320:There is a historiographical tradition that
193:, the design is traditionally attributed to
16:Heraldic symbol and Christian cross variant
821:
807:
362:Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem
354:visited Jerusalem in 1898 and awarded the
774:
508:
666:Russian Navy: early flags (crwflags.com)
123:
112:
104:
93:
85:
73:
25:
521:The Cross in Tradition, History and Art
499:The Cross in Tradition, History and Art
2499:
802:
444:The Jerusalem cross is often used in
381:Episcopal Church in the United States
280:
120:as depicted in a late medieval fresco
2454:List of tallest crosses in the world
679:"The banner of Anthimos Gazis, 1821"
593:(facing p. 16), no. 36: early Saxon
78:Jerusalem cross on a silver coin of
13:
385:Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag
14:
2533:
787:
734:"Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem"
2479:
2467:
2443:
2433:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2063:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1757:
1741:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1443:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:
981:
971:
961:
951:
943:
933:
923:
913:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
843:
605:(facing p. 22) no. 66: penny of
750:
738:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
726:
713:
696:
671:
657:
415:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
270:Latin Emperor of Constantinople
644:
631:
612:
589:placed in the four quadrants;
571:
546:
529:
491:
474:
373:Episcopal Church Service Cross
295:. At about the same time, the
1:
467:
436:, and not a Jerusalem cross.
327:
170:The "cross-and-crosslets" or
98:The conventional arms of the
639:Die Keyser v. Constantinopel
488:, Northamptonshire, England.
440:Frequency selective surfaces
19:For the Prussian award, see
7:
828:
579:The silver coins of England
455:
446:frequency selective surface
407:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
315:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
50:surrounded by four smaller
10:
2538:
2507:11th-century introductions
562:British Numismatic Journal
411:Custodian of the Holy Land
357:Jerusalem-Erinnerungskreuz
153:four quarters of the world
69:
18:
2462:
2264:
2190:
2075:
1750:
1739:
836:
341:Greek War of Independence
21:Jerusalem Cross (Prussia)
2249:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
375:" was first used during
268:, who held the title of
2474:Christianity portal
627:(forumancientcoins.com)
539:) and in a blue field (
348:Albert, Prince of Wales
299:uses it as the flag of
291:uses it as the flag of
159:under the patronage of
44:Christian cross variant
2287:Armenian eternity sign
859:Anchored/Saint Clement
794:Jerusalem Civil Ensign
519:William Wood Seymour,
133:
121:
110:
102:
91:
83:
46:consisting of a large
31:
2399:Shield of the Trinity
1481:Portate/Saint Gilbert
497:William Woo Seymour,
430:Miscellaneous Symbols
228:. Coins minted under
145:Five Wounds of Christ
127:
116:
108:
97:
89:
77:
29:
2522:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2172:Rood/Triumphal cross
1609:Saint James/Santiago
1559:Saltire/Saint Andrew
1234:Grapevine/Saint Nino
369:world evangelisation
288:Book of All Kingdoms
224:, surrounded by the
191:Kingdom of Jerusalem
180:decussate (diagonal)
151:, or Christ and the
138:Kingdom of Jerusalem
100:Kingdom of Jerusalem
56:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2517:Crosses in heraldry
2439:Triskelion/Triskele
1881:Cuthbert's pectoral
1304:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
1294:Jerusalem/Crusaders
776:10.1155/2013/354789
706:, McFarland, 2002,
556:cross-and-crosslets
339:in May 1821 in the
266:Philip of Courtenay
195:Godfrey of Bouillon
189:As the arms of the
176:Henry II of England
157:St Brelade's Church
118:Godfrey of Bouillon
450:angle of incidence
281:Classical heraldry
199:or, a cross argent
184:Anglo-Saxon period
161:Robert of Normandy
134:
122:
111:
103:
92:
84:
80:James II of Cyprus
32:
2512:Christian crosses
2494:
2493:
2409:Sunwheel swastika
1792:Blanc croix rouge
650:Hubert de Vries,
618:Hubert de Vries,
201:is documented by
147:, Christ and the
58:from the 1280s.
2529:
2484:
2483:
2472:
2471:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2275:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1879:
1869:
1861:Cross cramponnée
1859:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1791:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1745:
1744:
1727:
1719:Syriac (Western)
1717:
1709:Syriac (Eastern)
1707:
1697:
1689:Serbian Orthodox
1687:
1677:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1539:Russian Orthodox
1537:
1527:
1517:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1127:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
995:
985:
975:
965:
955:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
897:
887:
877:
867:
857:
847:
823:
816:
809:
800:
799:
781:
780:
778:
754:
748:
747:
745:
744:
730:
724:
717:
711:
700:
694:
693:
691:
689:
675:
669:
661:
655:
648:
642:
635:
629:
616:
610:
601:(facing p. 18);
577:Edward Hawkins,
575:
569:
558:type of Henry II
550:
544:
533:
527:
517:
506:
495:
489:
478:
379:by the Anglican
251:Rule of Tincture
236:(r. 1284-1285).
218:Dome of the Rock
149:four evangelists
2537:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2486:Arts portal
2478:
2466:
2458:
2260:
2186:
2071:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1409:Order of Christ
1201:Globus cruciger
1017:Catherine wheel
832:
827:
790:
785:
784:
755:
751:
742:
740:
732:
731:
727:
718:
714:
701:
697:
687:
685:
677:
676:
672:
662:
658:
649:
645:
636:
632:
617:
613:
576:
572:
552:T.C.R. Crafter,
551:
547:
534:
530:
518:
509:
496:
492:
479:
475:
470:
458:
442:
400:Pizzigano chart
392:flag of Georgia
330:
322:Peter the Great
305:flag of Georgia
297:Pizzigano chart
283:
207:John of Brienne
205:as the arms of
130:flag of Georgia
72:
36:Jerusalem cross
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2535:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2369:Solomon's knot
2361:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2200:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2051:
2041:
2039:Teutonic Order
2031:
2021:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1851:Coptic (Early)
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1641:
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1621:
1611:
1601:
1591:
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1551:
1541:
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1521:
1511:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
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1431:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
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1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1254:Greek Orthodox
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1113:
1111:Cruciform halo
1103:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
891:
889:Archiepiscopal
881:
871:
861:
851:
840:
838:
834:
833:
826:
825:
818:
811:
803:
797:
796:
789:
788:External links
786:
783:
782:
749:
725:
712:
695:
670:
656:
643:
630:
611:
607:Offa of Mercia
570:
545:
528:
507:
490:
482:Nor Varagavank
472:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
462:Jerusalem cube
457:
454:
441:
438:
337:Anthimos Gazis
329:
326:
282:
279:
258:Gelre Armorial
222:Holy Sepulchre
214:tower of David
172:Tealby pennies
71:
68:
64:Lorraine cross
40:heraldic cross
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2534:
2523:
2520:
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2510:
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
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1984:
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1733:Saint Anthony
1730:
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1722:
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1706:
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1700:
1696:
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1642:
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1636:
1632:
1630:
1629:Saint Patrick
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:Saint Florian
1586:
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1580:
1576:
1572:
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1464:
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1458:
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1436:
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1426:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
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1396:
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1386:
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1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
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880:
876:
872:
870:
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862:
860:
856:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:
839:
837:In modern use
835:
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824:
819:
817:
812:
810:
805:
804:
801:
795:
792:
791:
777:
772:
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739:
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729:
722:
716:
709:
705:
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684:
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647:
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634:
628:
625:
621:
615:
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584:
580:
574:
567:
563:
559:
557:
549:
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516:
514:
512:
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494:
487:
483:
477:
473:
463:
460:
459:
453:
451:
447:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
398:shown in the
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
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325:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
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290:
289:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
247:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
203:Matthew Paris
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
174:minted under
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
139:
131:
126:
119:
115:
107:
101:
96:
88:
81:
76:
67:
65:
59:
57:
53:
52:Greek crosses
49:
45:
41:
37:
28:
22:
2356:
2239:Signum manus
2192:Christograms
2160:Processional
2093:Conciliation
2019:Saint Julian
1831:Consecration
1669:Saint Thomas
1649:Saint Philip
1599:Saint George
1293:
869:Anuradhapura
766:
762:
752:
741:. Retrieved
737:
728:
715:
703:
702:Hunt Janin,
698:
686:. Retrieved
682:
673:
659:
646:
638:
633:
614:
586:
578:
573:
561:
555:
548:
531:
520:
498:
493:
476:
443:
434:cross potent
423:
419:
404:
389:
366:
355:
345:
334:Mount Pelion
331:
319:
309:
286:
284:
262:Latin Empire
255:
244:
243:such as the
238:
216:between the
211:
198:
188:
169:
142:
135:
60:
48:cross potent
35:
33:
2379:Scientology
2219:IX monogram
2076:By function
2009:Saint Alban
1811:Carolingian
1699:Short Sword
1659:Saint Piran
1639:Saint Peter
1579:Saint David
1461:Patriarchal
1314:Latin/Roman
1139:Evangelists
919:Balkenkreuz
909:Arrow/Barby
390:The modern
377:World War I
311:Carlo Maggi
274:reconquered
246:Camden Roll
165:altar stone
82:(1463–1473)
2501:Categories
2049:Two-barred
1751:Historical
1619:Saint John
1569:Saint Chad
1510:Resistance
1324:Macedonian
1213:'s variant
1211:Archbishop
1007:Canterbury
879:Archangels
743:2024-03-27
688:16 January
683:Mailink SA
587:C, R, A, B
468:References
405:The papal
352:Wilhelm II
328:Modern use
307:in 2004).
226:city walls
2196:Chrismons
2155:Preaching
1997:Quarterly
1967:Nestorian
1907:Gammadion
1890:Engrailed
1129:Ethiopian
977:Byzantine
957:Bulgarian
637:No.1484.
620:Jerusalem
581:(1841),
523:, 1898,
293:Sebasteia
241:armorials
2429:Swastika
2389:Shamrock
2317:Kolovrat
2307:Irminsul
2265:See also
2165:Lalibela
2145:Pectoral
2140:Necklace
2130:Memorial
2098:Heraldry
2088:Blessing
1947:Lorraine
1917:Jewelled
1763:Avellane
1501:Quadrate
1389:Novgorod
1359:Maronite
1284:Jeremiah
1264:Huguenot
1101:Crucifix
1079:Crosslet
1049:Cercelée
997:Camargue
967:Burgundy
899:Armenian
624:Henry II
541:fol. 115
501:, 1898,
456:See also
220:and the
2337:Mjölnir
2327:Lauburu
2297:Ichthys
2229:Labarum
2209:Chi Rho
2182:Wayside
2135:Mission
2059:Victory
2029:Templar
1987:Pierced
1977:Peñalba
1937:Lazarus
1927:Katanga
1898:Erminée
1679:Serbian
1529:Russian
1449:Fitchée
1429:Patonce
1399:Occitan
1334:Maltese
1224:Gnostic
1181:Fourchy
1069:Cossack
1037:Variant
987:Calvary
939:Bottony
929:Bolnisi
849:Alcoraz
830:Crosses
769:: 1–8.
654:(2011).
603:plate 5
599:plate 4
591:plate 3
583:plate 1
537:fol. 36
426:Unicode
396:Tbilisi
301:Tbilisi
234:John II
230:Henry I
70:Origins
2177:Summit
2150:Plague
2125:Mercat
2120:Market
2103:Nordic
2068:Voided
1841:Coptic
1821:Chouan
1801:Brigid
1519:Ringed
1491:Potent
1439:Pattée
1379:Nordic
1369:Moline
1349:Marian
1339:Marada
1191:Fylfot
1171:Forked
1159:Fitchy
1149:Fleury
1120:Double
1089:Fitchy
1059:Coptic
1027:Celtic
948:Branch
708:p. 169
525:p. 364
503:p. 356
486:Bozeat
2108:Pisan
2083:Altar
1957:Neith
1871:Crown
1783:Black
1549:Salem
1471:Pommy
1419:Papal
1244:Greek
721:p. 10
595:sceat
346:When
2358:Rota
2347:Rose
2277:Ankh
2115:High
1773:Aviz
1274:Iron
767:2013
690:2020
424:The
256:The
128:The
42:and
34:The
2419:Sun
2256:Rho
2253:Tau
1729:Tau
771:doi
2503::
2194:,
765:.
761:.
736:.
681:.
560:,
543:).
510:^
452:.
402:.
364:.
343:.
186:.
167:.
2251:/
1731:/
822:e
815:t
808:v
779:.
773::
746:.
723:.
710:.
692:.
668:.
505:.
132:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
