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had frequent conversations with him and showed him marked attention ... He spoke French as fluently as he did
English, or a dozen Indian tongues with which he was familiar. He was a fine looking man, with a benevolent intelligent countenance, stout figure, modest and respectful demeanor, and was an
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trading posts, Deroin became an experienced trader himself, helped by his ease in learning different
American Indian languages. Suffering from Robidoux's physical abuse, Deroine sued for his freedom in St. Louis in 1822, when Deroine was 16 years old, claiming he was being held against his will in
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Soon after his return, he was banned from the Indian Agency allegedly because of alcohol trading, but likely his dismissal resulted because he was considered too close to White Cloud. After leaving the government, Deroine became a prosperous farmer at
144:, owning "several thousand dollars worth of property" at the time of his death. In 1848, as in years earlier, Deroine served as the federal government's interpreter for negotiations with several tribal nations. He lived for almost a year at
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His interpretation of their languages was so clear and intelligent that he not only made a favorable impression upon all the dignitaries of the foreign courts at which they were received, but, it is said, fascinated a lady of high title --
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regions where slavery was illegal. After a decade of legal proceedings and delays, Deroine lost his case, but his freedom was likely purchased by either the Indian trader
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77:. He was reportedly raised by a man named Francis Deroin, whose relationship to Jeffrey is not clear. Working for Robidoux at his
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Until he died, he annually collected $ 50 from the government, a pension negotiated by White Cloud and other grateful Ioway.
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because of his status as a former slave. Deroine mostly translated for the Ioway, and was accepted by the Ioway as an ally.
364:
227:
Olson, Greg (July 2013). "Slave, Trader, Interpreter, and World
Traveler: The Remarkable Story of Jeffrey Deroine".
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339:
319:
70:
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Deroine, the son of a trader of French and
Spanish ancestry and an African American mother, was born in
264:"Building New Fort Kearny, 1848: The Pawnee Nation, William Tappan, and Powell's Missouri Volunteers,"
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Deroine was perhaps married three times. He reportedly married the mixed-blood daughter of the trader
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In 1844 he accompanied
Francis White Cloud and a group of Ioway on a tour of Europe sponsored by
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diplomat, trader, and linguist who helped the U.S. Government negotiate numerous treaties with
110:. His reputation for his linguistic skills led to Deroin's employment as translator for the
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Deroine, now free, began work for Hughes as a translator at the Ioway Agency, located near
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by 1837. Late in life, he purchased his final wife out of slavery from "Dr. Brown" of
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by 1834, other sources report he was married to a different woman named
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125:(who called him "Doraway") which was widely celebrated at the time.
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Catlin's Notes of Eight Years' Travels and
Residence in Europe
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in Europe, Deroine is second from the left, Ioway chief
282:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1858. p. 68.
114:, although his hiring required the intervention of
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49:; May 14, 1806 – 28 March 1859) was an
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330:People from Buchanan County, Missouri
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360:African-American history of Nebraska
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73:to the French-American fur trader
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335:African–Native American relations
325:19th-century American translators
280:Congressional Edition, Volume 924
350:People from St. Joseph, Missouri
57:tribes in the Midwest and West.
345:19th-century American diplomats
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256:
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1:
179:; they had several children.
315:19th-century American slaves
7:
365:People enslaved in Missouri
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229:Missouri Historical Review
209:. 8 April 1859. p. 6.
269:, no. 2: 157-183. (2023).
267:Great Plains Quarterly 43
152:in negotiations with the
135:honest and faithful man.
112:Office of Indian Affairs
26:'s 1844 illustration of
262:Judd, Catherine Nealy.
246:Catlin, George (1848).
203:"Obituary of a Negro".
47:Dorian, Deroin, Doraway
137:
35:
355:Farmers from Missouri
340:People from St. Louis
127:
34:is front center left.
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320:American fur traders
142:St. Joseph, Missouri
79:American Fur Company
206:Burlington Hawk-Eye
92:Francis White Cloud
32:Francis White Cloud
154:Sac and Fox Nation
150:Nebraska Territory
36:
61:Fur trade origins
16:American diplomat
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84:Andrew S. Hughes
51:African American
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75:Joseph Robidoux
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55:American Indian
39:Jeffrey Deroine
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310:1859 deaths
305:1806 births
146:Fort Kearny
43:"de-ro-NAY"
300:Iowa tribe
294:Categories
94:in 1832.
67:St. Louis
177:Kentucky
163:Personal
132:Disraeli
98:Diplomat
148:in the
86:or the
45:, alt.
90:chief
108:Omaha
88:Ioway
71:slave
69:as a
28:Ioway
233:107
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215:^
191:^
156:.
41:(
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