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Inches to 2 feet high. The plain ascends gradually on either side of the river to the bases of two ranges of mountains which ly parallel to the river and which terminate ćit'sć the width of the vally. the tops of these mountains were yet partially covered with snow while we in the valley. were suffocated nearly with the intense heat of the midday sun. the nights are so could that two blankets are not more than sufficient covering.
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season. However, portions of the river can become severely dewatered, shallow, and warm in drought years, adversely impacting fish populations. The unnaturally warm water, combined with excess nutrients from irrigation runoff and grazing practices, can stimulate rapid growth of algae in mid-summer, to the detriment of anglers and floaters.
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over with the
Hidatsa Indians in North Dakota, where they met Toussaint Charbonneau and his Shoshone wife Sacagawea. Lewis and Clark hired Charbonneau to join the expedition, in part because Sacagawea's people were native to the Missouri headwaters. The Lewis and Clark Expedition arrived at the Missouri Headwaters on 27 July 1805.
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Beaverhead River was measured at 630 CFS. Irrigators took over 98% of this stream flow by forcing the river into irrigation channels using diversion dams, leaving less than 2% of water in the river. Montana has no minimum stream flow legislation to prevent the total dewatering of the
Jefferson River in the future.
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with a company of men to explore up the
Missouri in the hopes of finding a navigable water route to the Pacific, with a low portage connecting one watershed with the other. The Expedition departed from Saint Louis, Missouri in the spring of 1804, ascended the Missouri River that summer, then wintered
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The region was only intermittently inhabited by Native
Americans until relatively recent times, and no single tribe had exclusive use of the Jefferson River when the Lewis and Clark Expedition first ascended the river in 1805. Today, the Jefferson River retains much of its scenic beauty and wildlife
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enters a narrow canyon a short distance downstream from
Cardwell and is largely contained by the geography for most of the next 15 miles downstream to Sappington Bridge. Lacking the ability to flood or meander, this section of the river has few trees, swamps, meadows, and significantly less wildlife
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is a much-braided, meandering river and floodplain system that supports productive farm fields, extensive cottonwood groves, rich meadows, and abundant wildlife. The river creates diverse habitats as it naturally shifts back and forth across the
Jefferson Valley, forming oxbows and swamps of various
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Little was known about the
American West at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The Missouri River flowed southeast from an unknown source, joining the Mississippi River before flowing south to the Gulf of Mexico. The Columbia River originated at a similar latitude as the Missouri, and flowed
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that incrementally fragment wildlife habitat and vistas along the river. Efforts to stabilize portions of the riverbank with rock, concrete, and other rip-rap materials have inhibited the river's ability to flood, meander, and form new cottonwood groves and wildlife habitat. In addition, rip-rapped
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The
Jefferson River is rated as Class I water for recreational purposes from its origin at the Beaverhead and Big Hole rivers to its confluence with the Missouri at Three Forks. The river is suitable for floaters and beginning paddlers, except during high water flows in the spring. Possible hazards
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in the 1700s. With the acquisition of guns and horses, the
Blackfeet became the dominant tribe on the plains in the 1700s. The Shoshone were largely pushed back over the continental divide into Idaho, but still ventured into Montana hunting and foraging. By 1800, the Missouri headwaters and much
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Of the three streams that make up the headwaters of the
Missouri, the eastern fork is the smallest, while the larger middle and western forks are of relatively equal size. Therefore, Lewis and Clark concluded that it would be inappropriate for any fork to retain the name "Missouri." Instead, they
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About a billion years ago, the Willow Creek Fault, north of the Jefferson River canyon, dropped down deeply and filled with seawater, stretching north to Alberta and British Columbia. Eventually, the sea receded and erosion wore away intervening geologic history until about 530 million years ago,
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The valley though which our rout of this lay and through which the river winds it's meandering course is a beatifull level plain with but little timber and that on the verge of the river. the land is tolerably fertile, consisting of a black or dark yellow loam, and covered with grass from 9
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The expedition rested a couple days at the Missouri headwaters, then began to ascend the Jefferson River, using ropes to pull the dugout canoes upstream against the current. Along the way they hunted deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and encountered grizzly bears. Describing the upper Jefferson River,
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On August 5, 2016, the Jefferson River stream flow was measured at only 19 CFS (cubic feet per second). This occurred even while the three main tributaries to the Jefferson were contributing 1140 CFS. The Ruby River was measured at 310 CFS, the Big Hole River was measured at 200 CFS and the
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Throughout its length, the Jefferson River is used extensively as a source of irrigation water for local farms and ranches. Dams constructed upstream on the Ruby and Beaverhead rivers store surplus water from spring runoff which is released to augment natural flows during the summer irrigation
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over several hundred million years. Limestone is generally made of calcium from marine animals that have been compacted and cemented together. Dolomite is similar but has more magnesium. Shale is formed from fine-grained mud, silts, and clays that have been compacted and cemented together. The
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Between 6,000 and 7,000 years ago, climate change brought dramatically drier conditions to the Northern Rockies. It is thought that far fewer animals survived in the region and the native peoples likely migrated elsewhere. Montana was apparently only intermittently inhabited after that until
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The ancient metamorphic and more recent sedimentary layers above the batholiths eroded away as the magma pushed up through the crust. Thus, the granite batholiths are typically found at the center of local mountain ranges, while the much older metamorphic gneiss is usually found lower in the
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The Rocky Mountains began a new and continuing phase of crustal stress 5 to 10 million years ago as tectonic forces began to pull the region apart. Blocks of earth dropped down to form valleys, and the Jefferson River eroded a channel through rock to form the Jefferson River canyon.
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Arriving at a major confluence, Lewis and Clark named the western fork the Wisdom River, the eastern fork the Philanthropy River and retained the middle fork as a continuation of the Jefferson River. However, none of these names were retained. These rivers are known today as the
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opens up again into a meandering, braided river from Sappington bridge approximately 24 miles downstream to its confluence with the Madison River. Here, the riparian zone again supports an extensive community of swamps, meadows, cottonwood groves, and productive farm lands.
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depth and age. Shifting channels and natural flooding facilitates the germination of cottonwood seedlings. Individual cottonwood groves are often germinated from a single flood event and tend to be of uniform age. The upper Jefferson extends from the confluence of the
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Archaeologists believe that the first Americans migrated across the Bering land bridge from Asia between 12,000 and 30,000 years ago. They followed the Great North Trail, which dipped down into Montana along the east slope of the Rocky Mountains. These
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From broad valleys to a narrow canyon, the Jefferson River passes through a region of significant geological diversity, with some of the oldest and youngest rocks of North America and a diversity of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary formations.
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migrated in from the north and northwest, venturing south to the Jefferson River/Missouri Headwaters and eastward. Major population shifts started in the early 1600s, bringing several new tribes into Montana. With horses of Spanish origin, the
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to the surface, where erosion exposed the rocks and the mineral veins they contained. The granite generally consists of quartz, hornblende, and feldspars. Gold, silver, and other semi precious minerals are also associated with batholiths.
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and hunted buffalo, becoming the dominant tribe in the area. However, the arrival and expansion of European settlers on the east coast pushed Native Americans west, in a domino effect that extended all the way into Montana. The
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include downed trees, called "sweeps" and diversion dams constructed to channel river water into irrigation ditches. Water levels often drop off by mid-summer, making it necessary to drag watercraft over shallow riffles.
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By the Mississippian Period, 340 million years ago, much of western North America was covered with a warm, shallow sea, much like the Gulf Coast of Florida today. Small marine fossils can be found in the
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Gentle uplift eventually raised the region above sea level again. Rainwater percolated down through cracks in the limestone, dissolving rock and creating caves such as those found at
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The geology of the Jefferson River and the surrounding mountain ranges includes some of the oldest rocks found in North America, dating back to the
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diversity from the days of Lewis and Clark, yet is threatened by water use issues and encroaching development. The Jefferson is a segment of the
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Bryan, William L., Jr. Montana Indians: Yesterday and Today, 2nd Edition. American & World Geographic Publishing: Helena, MT. 1996, p. 6.
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Malone, Michael P. and Richard B. Roeder. Montana: A History of Two Centuries. University of Washington Press: Seattle. 1980, p. 8.
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695:-Jefferson River system, archaeologists excavated an extensive complex of Paleo-Indian cooking pits and earth ovens dated to 9400
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1155:"Johnson, B.R., and others, 2004, Reexaming the geochemistry and geochronology of the Late Cretaceous Boulder Batholith, MT"
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named the western fork the Jefferson, the middle fork as the Madison, and the eastern fork as the Gallatin, as
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844:"Both Capt. C. and myself corrisponded in opinion with rispect to the impropriety of calling either of these
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before merging with Rock Creek and flowing west through Upper and Lower Red Rock Lakes. Here it becomes the
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Beauchamp, R; Boyce D (2007), Foragers of the Terminal Pleistocene in North America, U of Nebraska Press,
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sections of the river tend to funnel floodwaters downstream, increasing the impact to other landowners.
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Thompson, Curt. Floating and Recreation on Montana Rivers. Curt Thompson: Lakeside, MT. 1993, p 128.
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on the lower Jefferson River in 1800, when she was about twelve years old. She was later married to
443:, three small rivers converge to form the headwaters of the Jefferson River. The longest begins at
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1545:"Thinking of Building a House?" Jefferson River Canoe Trail Maps, Map 2 - Middle Jefferson River.
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ascended the Jefferson River in 1805 in their search for a navigable water route to the Pacific.
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Montana Atlas & Gazetteer. DeLorme: Yarmouth, Maine. Fourth Edition, Second Printing. 2001.
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mountains, and limestone layers are mostly found in the foothills nearest the Jefferson River.
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Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary
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1393:"USGS Current Conditions for USGS 06027600 Jefferson River at Parsons Bdg nr Silver Star, MT"
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along what was then the west coast of North America. Regional uplift brought the deep-seated
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Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States
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623:. The batholith is composed of at least seven, and possibly as many as fourteen, discrete
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Montana Geology ā05 Calendar. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. Butte, Montana. 2005.
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While much of the Jefferson River remains untouched and scenic, it is threatened by new
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limestone that makes up the steep, narrow section of the Jefferson River canyon today.
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Fischer, Hank and Carol. Paddling Montana. Falcon Publishing: Helena, MT. 1999, p. 95.
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Fischer, Hank and Carol. Paddling Montana. Falcon Publishing: Helena, MT. 1999, p. 92.
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1418:"USGS Current Conditions for USGS 06020600 Ruby River below reservoir near Alder, MT"
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west to the Pacific Ocean. What lay in between was the subject of much speculation.
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limestone that makes up the steep, narrow section of the Jefferson River canyon.
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1076:"The True Utmost Reaches of the Missouri - Montana Outdoors - July-August 2005"
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http://www.sheridanwired.com/index.php/visitor-info/66/74-ruby-valley-geology
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451:. The site is marked by a pile of rocks. The water flows west then north as
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1468:"USGS Current Conditions for USGS 06016000 Beaverhead River at Barretts MT"
1043:"USGS Surface Water data for Montana: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics"
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Jefferson River
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when Lewis and Clark wintered with the Hidatsa in North Dakota in 1804ā05.
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1443:"USGS Current Conditions for USGS 06025500 Big Hole River near Melrose MT"
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Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society
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to form the Missouri River, joined a short distance downstream by the
399:. It is joined 0.6 miles (1.0 km) downstream (northeast) by the
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The Jefferson River flows north through the Jefferson Valley towards
447:, 9,030 feet (2,750 m) above sea level, on the northern flank of the
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The United States acquired the Missouri River watershed through the
494:. After the canyon, the river passes into a broad valley again near
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2437:
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage
2231:
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1521:"High temperatures, reduced flows spur Jefferson watershed meeting"
1364:"Map 2 - Middle Jefferson River." Jefferson River Canoe Trail Maps.
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streams the Missouri and accordingly agreed to name them after the
1373:"Map 3 - Lower Jefferson River." Jefferson River Canoe Trail Maps.
1355:"Map 1 - Upper Jefferson River." Jefferson River Canoe Trail Maps.
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migrated into Montana from the east in the 1600s, followed by the
1585:
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Local mountains, such as the Tobacco Roots were formed from the
1332:"Floating and Recreation along the Jefferson River Canoe Trail"
1494:"For Montana's water rights, a radical and likely doomed idea"
631:, which formed beneath the Earth's surface during a period of
517:
After flowing into the Missouri, its waters continue into the
490:
before passing through the narrow Jefferson River canyon near
459:, flowing west through Lima Reservoir and then northwest into
3273:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
3121:
Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
1277:"August 2, 1805 - Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
926:
rivers approximately 44 miles downstream to the community of
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632:
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1252:"July 28, 1805 - Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition"
479:
to form the Jefferson about two miles downstream from town.
894:, established by Congress in 1978 and administered by the
2387:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
910:
The Jefferson River consists of three distinct sections.
745:
of southwest Montana was a crossroads frequented by the
475:
above the town of Twin Bridges and converges with the
985:
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Eon, 2.7 billion years ago. Found primarily in the
379:, approximately 83 miles (134 km) long, in the
2479:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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1215:
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431:Jefferson River near Parrot Castle, October 2007
2374:A Summary View of the Rights of British America
1212:
676:hunted the now-extinct mammoths and bison with
391:form the official beginning of the Missouri at
1172:
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1566:
794:
779:, of the Lemhi Shoshone, was captured by the
601:sandstone is made up of quartz and feldspar.
580:A new sea encroached on the land, depositing
2933:Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence
949:
638:about 73 to 78 million years ago during the
642:. The rising buoyant plutons resulted from
467:. Below the dam, the river is known as the
3025:Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)
2422:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
2254:
2240:
1573:
1559:
1227:"Lewis & Clark on the Jefferson River"
1129:
1127:
1125:
3251:Louisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollar
3211:Washington and Jefferson National Forests
3136:Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service
541:Small marine fossils can be found in the
486:and then east, where it is joined by the
2878:The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth
969:
890:The Jefferson River is a segment of the
802:
536:
426:
3171:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
1122:
892:Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
839:noted in his journal on July 28, 1805:
413:Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
316:17,000 cu ft/s (480 m/s)
296:1,928 cu ft/s (54.6 m/s)
74:
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1500:from the original on 14 September 2019
1025:
1023:
710:came into Montana from the north. The
262:9,532 sq mi (24,690 km)
3131:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
2968:Jefferson and the Library of Congress
2943:Founding Fathers of the United States
2503:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
2235:
1554:
1157:. Unc.edu. 2004-07-13. Archived from
3404:Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings
2261:
1580:
1518:
1334:. Jeffersonriver.org. Archived from
1229:. Jeffersonriver.org. Archived from
498:. The Jefferson converges with the
360:Boulder River (southwestern Montana)
2351:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention
2289:Vice President of the United States
1020:
306:43 cu ft/s (1.2 m/s)
13:
3648:Rivers of Gallatin County, Montana
2731:A Manual of Parliamentary Practice
1527:from the original on 9 August 2016
1491:
865:Lewis recorded on August 2, 1805:
614:Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park
492:Lewis and Clark Caverns State Park
14:
3659:
3643:Tributaries of the Missouri River
2725:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
1287:from the original on 1 April 2012
525:. These rivers combine to be the
3611:
3610:
3256:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
2300:United States Secretary of State
2215:
1782:Regional designations of Montana
1073:
988:
977:the Jefferson River Canoe Trail.
687:Upstream from the Jefferson, at
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561:ranges, these ancient rocks are
73:
66:
46:
27:
3261:250th Anniversary silver dollar
2661:Founder, University of Virginia
1539:
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1358:
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1186:
1082:from the original on 2012-01-18
723:migrated into Montana from the
16:River in Montana, United States
3201:Thomas Jefferson School of Law
3007:Separation of church and state
2916:American Philosophical Society
2853:Notes on the State of Virginia
2846:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
2278:President of the United States
1147:
1093:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1035:
849:President of the United States
504:Missouri Headwaters State Park
393:Missouri Headwaters State Park
387:. The Jefferson River and the
213: • coordinates
146: • coordinates
1:
3161:University of Virginia statue
2995:JeffersonāHemings controversy
2633:Federal judicial appointments
2320:Congress of the Confederation
1281:lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu
1256:lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu
1014:
901:
527:fourth longest river on Earth
116:Physical characteristics
33:Confluence of Beaverhead and
2866:European journey memorandums
2606:State of the Union Addresses
2535:Dunbar and Hunter Expedition
787:and both of them joined the
7:
3474:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph
3206:Thomas Jefferson University
3176:Thomas Jefferson Foundation
2683:Democratic-Republican Party
2601:West Point Military Academy
2393:Declaration of Independence
2343:Second Continental Congress
981:
851:and the Secretaries of the
280: • location
201: • location
134: • location
52:Jefferson River watershed (
37:forming the Jefferson near
10:
3664:
2513:Lewis and Clark Expedition
1307:"Stream Access in Montana"
938:than the upper Jefferson.
795:Lewis and Clark Expedition
789:Lewis and Clark Expedition
532:
312: • maximum
302: • minimum
292: • average
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3504:Frederick Madison Roberts
3426:Martha Jefferson Randolph
3412:
3346:(1997 documentary series)
3281:
3106:Thomas Jefferson Building
3074:
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2837:
2763:
2678:Anti-Administration party
2641:
2488:
2468:
2415:All men are created equal
2361:
2269:
2211:
1918:
1800:
1757:
1696:
1624:Congressional delegations
1604:
1592:
1009:List of rivers of Montana
1004:Montana Stream Access Law
950:Environmental Degradation
703:relatively recent times.
422:
349:
337:
329:
324:
320:
310:
300:
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278:
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105:
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90:
61:
45:
26:
21:
3399:Wine bottles controversy
3191:Jefferson City, Missouri
2656:Franco-American alliance
351: • right
254:83 mi (134 km)
3572:(2nd great-grandfather)
3516:Jane Randolph Jefferson
3468:Ellen Randolph Coolidge
3050:Presidential elections
2953:Jefferson and education
2938:Committee of the States
2429:Consent of the governed
2308:U.S. Minister to France
1472:nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov
1447:nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov
1422:nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov
1397:nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov
818:of 1803, and President
339: • left
82:Location of mouth in MT
3354:(2002 animated series)
3186:Monticello Association
2911:American Enlightenment
2872:Indian removal letters
2829:White House Colonnades
2824:Virginia State Capitol
2802:University of Virginia
2688:Jeffersonian democracy
2584:Native American policy
2454:Land Ordinance of 1785
2449:Land Ordinance of 1784
978:
872:
811:
546:
521:, eventually into the
471:. It is joined by the
461:Clark Canyon Reservoir
432:
415:, administered by the
235:45.92750Ā°N 111.50806Ā°W
168:45.56806Ā°N 112.33917Ā°W
3498:T. Jefferson Coolidge
3494:(great-granddaughter)
3486:John Wayles Jefferson
3231:JeffersonāJackson Day
3166:David d'Angers statue
2963:Jefferson and slavery
2948:Historical reputation
2651:Early life and career
2383:(initial draft; 1775)
2381:Olive Branch Petition
1777:Glacier National Park
1133:Ruby Valley Geology.
973:
896:National Park Service
867:
806:
785:Toussaint Charbonneau
691:, a tributary of the
540:
430:
417:National Park Service
139:Twin Bridges, Montana
39:Twin Bridges, Montana
3522:Lucy Jefferson Lewis
3432:Mary Jefferson Eppes
2906:Age of Enlightenment
2540:Red River Expedition
2331:Governor of Virginia
964:housing developments
449:Centennial Mountains
240:45.92750; -111.50806
206:Three Forks, Montana
173:45.56806; -112.33917
3566:(great-grandfather)
3268:U.S. postage stamps
3236:Currency depictions
3216:Peaks and mountains
3146:Karl Bitter statues
3116:Jefferson Territory
3013:The American Museum
2921:American Revolution
2572:Non-Intercourse Act
2555:Embargo Act of 1807
2459:Northwest Ordinance
2442:Freedom of religion
1688:Tourist attractions
1676:The Last Best Place
627:rock masses called
325:Basin features
231: /
164: /
3528:Randolph Jefferson
3462:George W. Randolph
3456:Thomas J. Randolph
3367:Jefferson's Garden
3327:Jefferson in Paris
3091:Jefferson Memorial
2718:Compromise of 1790
2693:First Party System
2595:Marbury v. Madison
2518:Corps of Discovery
2508:Louisiana Purchase
2222:Montana portal
1140:2012-04-20 at the
979:
816:Louisiana Purchase
812:
706:In the 1500s, the
547:
453:Hell Roaring Creek
433:
3638:Rivers of Montana
3625:
3624:
3492:Sarah N. Randolph
3395:(2020 miniseries)
3362:(2008 miniseries)
3196:Jefferson College
3156:Louisville statue
3126:Jefferson Lecture
2579:First Barbary War
2528:Empire of Liberty
2470:French Revolution
2399:Committee of Five
2366:the United States
2229:
2228:
1519:McCumber, David.
1492:Wright, Michael.
621:Boulder Batholith
519:Mississippi River
365:
364:
3655:
3614:
3613:
3564:William Randolph
3506:(great-grandson)
3500:(great-grandson)
3420:Martha Jefferson
3335:Thomas Jefferson
3241:Jefferson nickel
3226:Other placenames
3151:Hempstead statue
3030:Virginia dynasty
2984:National Gazette
2673:Ratification Day
2409:physical history
2354:
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2263:Thomas Jefferson
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1053:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1027:
998:
993:
992:
991:
935:middle Jefferson
837:Meriwether Lewis
824:Meriwether Lewis
820:Thomas Jefferson
771:Piegan Blackfeet
469:Beaverhead River
439:of southwestern
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344:Beaverhead River
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3653:
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3628:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3592:James Madison ā
3575:
3510:Peter Jefferson
3476:(granddaughter)
3470:(granddaughter)
3444:Madison Hemings
3438:Harriet Hemings
3408:
3284:
3277:
3246:Two-dollar bill
3111:Jefferson River
3076:
3070:
3039:
2978:Pet mockingbird
2958:Religious views
2894:
2890:Founders Online
2833:
2766:
2759:
2644:accomplishments
2643:
2637:
2589:Burr conspiracy
2550:Cumberland Road
2545:Pike Expedition
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2048:Lewis and Clark
1914:
1796:
1787:Western Montana
1767:Eastern Montana
1753:
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1661:Protected areas
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1142:Wayback Machine
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1021:
1017:
994:
989:
987:
984:
952:
943:lower Jefferson
915:upper Jefferson
904:
808:Lewis and Clark
797:
665:
640:Late Cretaceous
571:Cambrian Period
535:
445:Brower's Spring
437:Rocky Mountains
425:
369:Jefferson River
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22:Jefferson River
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3561:
3558:Isham Randolph
3555:
3554:(grand-nephew)
3552:Dabney S. Carr
3549:
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2838:Other writings
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2817:Jefferson Hall
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2738:American Creed
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1835:Columbia Falls
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1802:Largest cities
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1619:Climate change
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1078:. Fwp.mt.gov.
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716:Pend d'Oreille
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512:Gallatin River
477:Big Hole River
457:Red Rock River
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3181:Jefferson Lab
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2797:Poplar Forest
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2775:Barboursville
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2713:Residence Act
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2698:republicanism
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2019:
2018:Golden Valley
2016:
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1671:State symbols
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1338:on 2012-03-31
1337:
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1327:
1313:on 2009-03-10
1312:
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1233:on 2012-04-25
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1216:
1208:
1207:0-8032-4802-4
1204:
1198:
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1176:
1161:on 2012-04-06
1160:
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829:
828:William Clark
825:
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690:
685:
683:
679:
678:Clovis points
675:
674:Clovis people
671:
670:Paleo-Indians
663:First peoples
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
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617:
615:
610:
608:
607:Madison Group
602:
599:
595:
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587:
583:
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575:Paleozoic Era
572:
566:
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556:
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543:Madison Group
539:
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520:
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500:Madison River
497:
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489:
488:Boulder River
485:
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389:Madison River
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100:United States
98:
94:
89:
69:
60:
55:
49:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
3609:
3603:Aaron Burr ā
3599:ā John Adams
3590:
3585:ā John Adams
3583:
3390:
3379:2015 musical
3373:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3314:1969 musical
3308:
3305:(1953 short)
3300:
3294:The Patriots
3292:
3110:
3086:Bibliography
3012:
2982:
2876:
2851:
2844:
2767:architecture
2765:Jeffersonian
2752:
2748:Swivel chair
2729:
2704:
2593:
2564:
2560:
2372:
2364:documents of
2213:
2113:Powder River
2038:Judith Basin
1772:The Flathead
1724:Demographics
1649:bibliography
1594:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1340:. Retrieved
1336:the original
1326:
1315:. Retrieved
1311:the original
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1280:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1246:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:the original
1197:
1188:
1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1149:
1095:
1084:. Retrieved
1069:
1060:
1051:
1037:
961:
957:
953:
942:
940:
934:
932:
914:
912:
909:
905:
889:
873:
868:
863:
846:
843:
833:
813:
798:
775:
705:
701:
689:Barton Gulch
686:
666:
657:
653:
618:
611:
603:
579:
567:
555:Tobacco Root
548:
516:
496:Willow Creek
481:
434:
409:
405:
368:
366:
3570:Henry Soane
3546:Dabney Carr
3540:Samuel Carr
3370:(2015 play)
3338:(1997 film)
3330:(1995 film)
3297:(1946 play)
3020:Tufton Farm
2807:The Rotunda
2642:Other noted
2477:Co-author,
2345:(1775ā1776)
2333:(1779ā1781)
2322:(1783ā1784)
2310:(1785ā1789)
2302:(1790ā1793)
2291:(1797ā1801)
2280:(1801ā1809)
2203:Yellowstone
2168:Sweet Grass
2088:Musselshell
1850:Great Falls
1792:Yellowstone
1749:LGBT rights
1032:, USGS GNIS
742:Assiniboine
738:Gros Ventre
725:Great Basin
582:sedimentary
569:during the
563:metamorphic
508:Three Forks
397:Three Forks
330:Tributaries
285:Three Forks
238: /
226:111Ā°30ā²29ā³W
171: /
159:112Ā°20ā²21ā³W
3632:Categories
3534:Peter Carr
3488:(grandson)
3482:(grandson)
3464:(grandson)
3458:(grandson)
3440:(daughter)
3434:(daughter)
3428:(daughter)
3392:Washington
3359:John Adams
3302:Ben and Me
3285:depictions
3075:Legacy and
2785:Monticello
2780:Farmington
2561:Chesapeake
2498:Transition
2490:Presidency
2163:Stillwater
2158:Silver Bow
1983:Deer Lodge
1943:Broadwater
1928:Beaverhead
1890:Miles City
1885:Livingston
1634:Government
1342:2012-03-06
1317:2012-03-06
1237:2012-03-06
1165:2012-03-06
1086:2012-03-06
1015:References
924:Beaverhead
902:Recreation
885:Beaverhead
883:, and the
644:subduction
584:layers of
473:Ruby River
381:U.S. state
259:Basin size
223:45Ā°55ā²39ā³N
156:45Ā°34ā²05ā³N
3530:(brother)
3384:2020 film
3319:1972 film
3078:memorials
3044:Elections
2881:(c. 1819)
2754:Megalonyx
2193:Wheatland
2138:Roosevelt
2098:Petroleum
2033:Jefferson
1910:Whitefish
1880:Lewistown
1870:Kalispell
1734:Education
1639:Governors
1629:Geography
1599:(capital)
1261:7 January
777:Sacagawea
755:Nez Perce
734:Blackfeet
636:intrusion
598:sandstone
586:limestone
484:Whitehall
435:From the
373:tributary
271:Discharge
3616:Category
3548:(nephew)
3542:(nephew)
3536:(nephew)
3524:(sister)
3518:(mother)
3512:(father)
3374:Hamilton
3343:Liberty!
3283:Cultural
3101:Birthday
3015:magazine
2926:patriots
2812:The Lawn
2523:timeline
2404:authored
2362:Founding
2339:Delegate
2316:Delegate
2183:Treasure
2153:Sheridan
2133:Richland
2103:Phillips
2083:Missoula
2008:Garfield
2003:Gallatin
1998:Flathead
1963:Chouteau
1933:Big Horn
1920:Counties
1895:Missoula
1855:Hamilton
1845:Glendive
1820:Billings
1815:Belgrade
1810:Anaconda
1744:Politics
1739:Gun laws
1709:Cannabis
1704:Abortion
1525:Archived
1498:Archived
1285:Archived
1138:Archived
1080:Archived
982:See also
975:Canoeing
928:Cardwell
922:and the
920:Big Hole
877:Big Hole
853:Treasury
759:Flathead
721:Shoshone
708:Kootenai
682:Townsend
590:dolomite
401:Gallatin
91:Location
3141:Statues
2899:Related
2790:gardens
2666:history
2628:Cabinet
2565:Leopard
2395:(1776)
2341:to the
2318:to the
2148:Sanders
2143:Rosebud
2128:Ravalli
2123:Prairie
2108:Pondera
2078:Mineral
2073:Meagher
2063:Madison
2058:Lincoln
2053:Liberty
2023:Granite
2013:Glacier
1973:Daniels
1958:Cascade
1825:Bozeman
1759:Regions
1729:Economy
1719:Culture
1697:Society
1644:History
1586:Montana
1531:20 June
1504:20 June
1477:20 June
1452:20 June
1427:20 June
1402:20 June
1291:20 June
1209:. p. 45
781:Hidatsa
751:Bannock
648:granite
629:plutons
625:igneous
573:of the
551:Archean
533:Geology
441:Montana
385:Montana
375:of the
110:Montana
96:Country
3422:(wife)
3413:Family
2868:(1787)
2862:(1786)
2856:(1785)
2734:(1801)
2709:(1790)
2567:affair
2481:(1789)
2461:(1787)
2389:(1775)
2377:(1774)
2353:(1776)
2198:Wibaux
2188:Valley
2118:Powell
2068:McCone
1993:Fergus
1988:Fallon
1978:Dawson
1968:Custer
1953:Carter
1948:Carbon
1938:Blaine
1905:Sidney
1900:Polson
1875:Laurel
1865:Helena
1840:Dillon
1666:Sports
1656:People
1606:Topics
1596:Helena
1205:
879:, the
769:, and
740:, and
712:Salish
596:, and
465:Dillon
423:Course
333:
274:
251:Length
128:
125:Source
3452:(son)
3446:(son)
2178:Toole
2173:Teton
1860:Havre
1830:Butte
1714:Crime
1614:Index
1582:State
857:state
822:sent
767:Sioux
697:RCYBP
633:magma
594:shale
506:near
463:near
395:near
371:is a
189:Mouth
106:State
3309:1776
3064:1804
3059:1800
3054:1796
2621:1805
2616:1802
2611:1801
2093:Park
2043:Lake
2028:Hill
1533:2017
1506:2017
1479:2017
1454:2017
1429:2017
1404:2017
1293:2017
1263:2020
1203:ISBN
941:The
933:The
913:The
881:Ruby
859:..."
855:and
826:and
763:Crow
730:Crow
714:and
693:Ruby
559:Ruby
557:and
367:The
2328:2nd
2297:1st
2286:2nd
2275:3rd
1584:of
672:or
502:at
383:of
3634::
1523:.
1496:.
1470:.
1445:.
1420:.
1395:.
1283:.
1279:.
1254:.
1214:^
1174:^
1124:^
1104:^
1022:^
930:.
898:.
887:.
773:.
765:,
761:,
757:,
753:,
749:,
736:,
699:.
616:.
592:,
588:,
577:.
529:.
514:.
419:.
403:.
358:,
2563:ā
2431:"
2427:"
2424:"
2420:"
2417:"
2413:"
2255:e
2248:t
2241:v
1574:e
1567:t
1560:v
1535:.
1508:.
1481:.
1456:.
1431:.
1406:.
1345:.
1320:.
1295:.
1265:.
1240:.
1168:.
1144:.
1089:.
1045:.
56:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
